EP1233647A2 - Capsule électroacoustique - Google Patents

Capsule électroacoustique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1233647A2
EP1233647A2 EP01890335A EP01890335A EP1233647A2 EP 1233647 A2 EP1233647 A2 EP 1233647A2 EP 01890335 A EP01890335 A EP 01890335A EP 01890335 A EP01890335 A EP 01890335A EP 1233647 A2 EP1233647 A2 EP 1233647A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsule
electrostrictive
electroacoustic
sound
electroacoustic transducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01890335A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1233647A3 (fr
EP1233647B1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Dipl.-Ing. Nell
Gino Dipl.-Ing. Pavlovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AKG Acoustics GmbH filed Critical AKG Acoustics GmbH
Publication of EP1233647A2 publication Critical patent/EP1233647A2/fr
Publication of EP1233647A3 publication Critical patent/EP1233647A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1233647B1 publication Critical patent/EP1233647B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electroacoustic capsules or transducers for an electroacoustic Device.
  • the converter can either be based on the electromagnetic electrodynamic, electrostatic or piezoelectric principle work, and can be designed as either a sounder or a sounder.
  • Such devices essentially consist of the actual electroacoustic Transducer, which is inserted into a so-called capsule, which in turn in a device housing is used, which also contains all the necessary electronic components are located.
  • Electroacoustic devices contain at least one so-called electroacoustic capsule, which in turn can be implemented either as a sounder or as a sounder. in the The present description and the Claims for electroacoustic devices that have at least one designed as a sound pickup Capsule included, spoken by a microphone. Representing electroacoustic Devices with at least one electroacoustic capsule, which are designed as sound generators is headphones.
  • the acoustic properties the devices are determined by the device manufacturer in the course of the production process and are therefore immutable for the end user. Simply put, can one speaks of an unchangeable "sound character" of the device.
  • the acoustic properties of a microphone depend on an electrostatic Capsule essentially from the distance between the membrane and the electrode and on the design of the acoustic tuning elements of the capsule. If the geometric parameters between the moving, exposed to the sound field Electrode, the membrane and the immobile electrode are fixed, and if also the acoustic tuning elements inside the capsule (narrow channels, closed volumes and only partially air-permeable areas) are realized mechanically, then the directional characteristic, the sensitivity and the Frequency response also fixed and unchangeable.
  • the capsule is therefore always designed for the intended use and it is generally not possible to replace an existing capsule without a great loss in quality to be used in another housing or device. This applies to both sound absorbing as well as sound-generating capsules.
  • the acoustic tuning of electroacoustic capsules does not now have to Random principle can be determined by test series, but can be used in wide areas be calculated. This calculation is based on the agreement of the mathematical Models for acoustics and electricity and is made after the electroacoustic Analogy principle. It is carried out with the help of so-called equivalent circuits. Narrow and long channels in the acoustic area correspond to a coil in the electrical area Area, closed volumes in the acoustic area of a capacitor in the electrical area and covered with porous and only partially air-permeable material Bores in the acoustic area of an ohmic resistance in the electrical Area. So the acoustic side can be transferred to a circuit diagram, which will dimensioned with the general rules of electrical engineering in the desired sense and matched and the result is transferred back into the acoustics.
  • Friction pill mainly affects the sound of the microphone or the Headphones off. That means that not only the frequency curve, but also the frequency curve Directional characteristic of the microphone or headphones is changed.
  • the acoustic vote is currently only once, before Assembling the capsule, made and remains throughout the life of the capsule acoustic device unchanged. That is the circumstance of which of the users of the Microphones or headphones are reluctant to be accepted.
  • the lowest sound intensities that can still be transmitted are with the so-called intrinsic noise of the microphone limited. It is about thermal noise that occurs in all electronic devices.
  • the strongest Sound intensities still to be transmitted are due to the limited voltage supply of the Microphone amplifier due to the output voltage of an amplifier impossible can become higher than its supply voltage.
  • Attenuator A voltage divider is added between the capsule and the amplifier Required switched on manually, so that the amplifier does not close when there are loud sound events receives a large capsule signal.
  • the microphone capsule signal is attenuated at electrostatic microphone converters in the high-impedance range, which creates a range circuit problems arise.
  • suitable switches are used for high-resistance circuits. This means that only special ones are used and therefore expensive switches come into question. Since the example mentioned is a Microphone capsule operating on an electrostatic principle, which acts as a capacitor is shown in the electrical circuit of the microphone, you have to use so-called capacitive voltage dividers work.
  • electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements in the description and the claims all components understood when applying an electrical voltage a characteristic body dimension in one of the applied voltage change the dependent dimension reversibly. Examples are in addition to the aforementioned piezoelectric Components that are reversible in their geometric dimensions by applying a voltage also change magnetostrictive elements that change their geometric dimensions Change the effect of a magnetic field reversibly.
  • the acoustic properties depend of the microphone essentially from the distance between the membrane 1 and the electrode 2 and the design of the acoustic tuning elements 3 (size of the rear Volume, friction in the rear sound inlet opening, size and number of openings in the electrode 2) of the capsule. If the geometric parameters between the movable and exposed to the sound field, the membrane and the immobile Electrode 2 are set, and so are the acoustic tuning parameters 3 inside the capsule (narrow channels, closed volumes and only partially air-permeable Areas) are calculated and carried out mechanically, then the directional characteristic, the sensitivity, the frequency response also fixed and unchangeable. Through the (not shown) microphone housing, the "boundary conditions" for the shown capsule fixed, when changing the corresponding tuning parameters 3 inside the capsule no longer able to transmit the desired behavior to ensure.
  • Narrow and long channels 31 in the acoustic range correspond to a coil 32 in electrical range
  • closed volumes 33 correspond in the acoustic range
  • porous and only partially air-permeable Material covered holes 35 correspond in the acoustic area an ohmic resistor 36 in the electrical area.
  • FIG. 3 shows a friction pill according to the AT-B cited above: two made of hard material made plates 36, 37 provided with small openings 39, 40 at the edge are connected by a screw 38 in the middle.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an electroacoustic friction pill according to the invention. It consists of two plates 6, 7 provided with small openings 8 on the edge pre-electrical material. The electrical contacting of the plates 6 and 7 takes place via any of the previously known types of contact 4. The plates are on the upper and lower side metallized and electrically connected in series. By connecting they extend to a DC voltage source so that the height of the distance 5 between the platelets 6, 7 is reduced.
  • the change in the voltage connected to the plates results from the change of the distance 5 between the plates 6, 7 a change in the acoustic Impedance in the axial direction. Because of this, it is possible; the sound of the microphone or the headphones in which this friction pill is built in, without the microphone or headphone capsule or the microphone respectively You have to disassemble or even remove the headphones.
  • the two platelets 6 or 7 from a conventional one Material, for example made of plastic or metal, to replace platelets.
  • a conventional one Material for example made of plastic or metal
  • the tiles do not have to be circular, also all other geometrical designs from rectangular to oval are conceivable.
  • the starting distance the plate 6, 7 is in the embodiment shown by a small step 9th determined at the edge of the plate 7. Instead of level 9, a spacer ring can also be used become. By reversing the polarity of the polarization voltage, it is possible to determine the distance between both to reduce the platelet (at a radial distance from step 9) and to enlarge it.
  • FIG. 5 shows the application according to the invention of a piezoelectric material Manufactured electrode that can be used with electrostatic microphone capsules.
  • Influencing the sensitivity of the microphone is particularly advantageous this way.
  • the capsule capacity can be in the microphone can be used as a measured variable for a control loop. With that, however also manufacturing tolerances and temperature influences that affect the distance between Electrodes have a negative impact, can be compensated in a simple and reliable manner.
  • the creation of appropriate electronics represents a person skilled in the art the tuning of microphones in knowledge of the invention is not a problem.
  • the magnitude of the polarization voltage can either be continuous or in predetermined Change levels.
  • the voltage source itself is a DC voltage source and their voltage can be up to a few 100 V as needed. Since the Voltage source does not have to deliver any appreciable current intensity, it is also possible to to waive all current protection measures (current limitation).
  • the tension can either from the power supply of the device (phantom power at Condenser microphones), or from a control voltage connected to the device.
  • piezoelectric elements that are particularly large Have expansion coefficients, of course preferred. So it is possible to influence individual electroacoustic elements individually. So in the field of Capsule or the friction pill by excitation with control voltage channels 16 in a component 19 individually opened by a piezo-electrically reacting plate 21 or be closed, as shown in FIG. 6. It is also possible to change the size an acoustically significant volume 17 by parallel connection to another To enlarge volume 18 as shown in FIG. 7. You can also use whole friction pills, which are arranged, for example, in sound passage openings 35, mechanically displaced or "covered", as can be seen from FIG. 8. There is a 21 each made of piezoelectric material, and in the manner described above with a Control voltage operated plate is marked. One so excited with control voltage Plate 21 opens or closes the acoustic tuning of the in detail Elements not shown capsule provided.
  • a dynamic adaptation of an electroacoustic transducer or capsule that is based on the electrostatic principle and works as a microphone is characterized by that between the main sound source and the microphone determines the sound level Sound transducer is arranged, the measured value for regulating the voltage for the electrostrictive or magnetostrictive element is used. Thanks to the fast data processing and the quick adjustment of piezoelectric components can be done during a Recording the sensitivity of the microphone depending on the current sound level be adapted to this.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
EP01890335A 2001-02-20 2001-12-12 Capsule électroacoustique Expired - Lifetime EP1233647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2652001 2001-02-20
AT0026501A AT410498B (de) 2001-02-20 2001-02-20 Elektroakustische kapsel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1233647A2 true EP1233647A2 (fr) 2002-08-21
EP1233647A3 EP1233647A3 (fr) 2006-07-26
EP1233647B1 EP1233647B1 (fr) 2008-02-13

Family

ID=3670403

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01890335A Expired - Lifetime EP1233647B1 (fr) 2001-02-20 2001-12-12 Capsule électroacoustique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7289638B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1233647B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP2002271900A (fr)
CN (1) CN100403852C (fr)
AT (2) AT410498B (fr)
DE (1) DE50113589D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1397023A2 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-10 Sonionmicrotronic Nederland B.V. Microphone avec un conduit d'admission de son amélioré

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4033830B2 (ja) * 2002-12-03 2008-01-16 ホシデン株式会社 マイクロホン
US7515605B2 (en) * 2003-03-24 2009-04-07 Corrigent Systems Ltd Efficient transport of TDM services over packet networks
EP1644639B1 (fr) * 2003-06-30 2009-02-11 Nxp B.V. Dispositif pour produire des sons par l'aide du flux d'un fluide
CN101401449A (zh) * 2006-04-04 2009-04-01 美商楼氏电子有限公司 监控换能器***及其制造方法
US20070237345A1 (en) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Fortemedia, Inc. Method for reducing phase variation of signals generated by electret condenser microphones
ATE540536T1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2012-01-15 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung
DE602007012599D1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2011-03-31 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung
EP2208361B1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2011-02-16 AKG Acoustics GmbH Microphone ayant deux transducteurs de gradient de pression
WO2009105793A1 (fr) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Ensemble transducteur
CN102547520B (zh) * 2010-12-23 2016-04-06 北京卓锐微技术有限公司 电容式麦克风及其控制***和控制方法
WO2014045705A1 (fr) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 ヤマハ株式会社 Dispositif de protection pour convertisseur de signal sonore
DE112014006617T5 (de) 2014-04-23 2017-01-26 Epcos Ag Mikrofonanordnung und Verfahren zum Verringern der Temperaturabhängigkeit einer Mikrofonanordnung
KR101550636B1 (ko) * 2014-09-23 2015-09-07 현대자동차 주식회사 마이크로폰 및 그 제조 방법
KR101658919B1 (ko) * 2014-12-16 2016-09-23 주식회사 아이. 피. 에스시스템 콘덴서형 스피커
DE102018126387A1 (de) * 2018-10-23 2020-04-23 Tdk Electronics Ag Schallwandler und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Schallwandlers
CN111770424B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-09-07 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 换能器

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JPS57111200A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-10 Trio Kenwood Corp Digital speaker
DE4342169A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Sennheiser Electronic Elektromechanischer Wandler, wie Mikrofon

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US3418435A (en) * 1966-11-15 1968-12-24 Elwood G. Norris Radial phonograph arm and flexibly positioned pickup assembly
JPS5221364B2 (fr) * 1971-11-04 1977-06-10
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US4360955A (en) * 1978-05-08 1982-11-30 Barry Block Method of making a capacitive force transducer
JPS5688297U (fr) * 1979-12-10 1981-07-15
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57111200A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-10 Trio Kenwood Corp Digital speaker
DE4342169A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Sennheiser Electronic Elektromechanischer Wandler, wie Mikrofon

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1397023A2 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-10 Sonionmicrotronic Nederland B.V. Microphone avec un conduit d'admission de son amélioré
EP1397023A3 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2007-03-14 Sonionmicrotronic Nederland B.V. Microphone avec un conduit d'admission de son amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002271900A (ja) 2002-09-20
DE50113589D1 (de) 2008-03-27
AT410498B (de) 2003-05-26
CN100403852C (zh) 2008-07-16
EP1233647A3 (fr) 2006-07-26
US20020114476A1 (en) 2002-08-22
US7289638B2 (en) 2007-10-30
CN1372431A (zh) 2002-10-02
ATE386413T1 (de) 2008-03-15
JP2007243999A (ja) 2007-09-20
EP1233647B1 (fr) 2008-02-13
ATA2652001A (de) 2002-09-15

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