EP1218680B1 - Method for drying particulate substances or mixtures thereof - Google Patents

Method for drying particulate substances or mixtures thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1218680B1
EP1218680B1 EP00956436A EP00956436A EP1218680B1 EP 1218680 B1 EP1218680 B1 EP 1218680B1 EP 00956436 A EP00956436 A EP 00956436A EP 00956436 A EP00956436 A EP 00956436A EP 1218680 B1 EP1218680 B1 EP 1218680B1
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Prior art keywords
product
fat
pork
beef
fats
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EP00956436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1218680A1 (en
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Gregor Menzel-Fischermanns
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Fischermanns & Co Duisburger Fettschmelze GmbH
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Fischermanns & Co Duisburger Fettschmelze GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • F26B5/041—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying flowable materials, e.g. suspensions, bulk goods, in a continuous operation, e.g. with locks or other air tight arrangements for charging/discharging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for Drying particulate matter or mixtures thereof and Products made therewith and use thereof.
  • Fat melts are animal raw materials, as a rule from slaughter animals such as beef and pork, but also poultry processed.
  • a known method for melting this Raw materials is the so-called wet melt process. in this connection arise essentially three fractions, which consist of fats, Water and proteins exist. These will melt after melting separated from each other.
  • the high-protein phase will referred to as wet grease and consists of about 65% by weight from water, about 15% by weight of fat and about 20 to 30% by weight of usable proteins (BEFFE: connective tissue free Protein).
  • BEFFE connective tissue free Protein
  • a disadvantage of this method is in particular that it is at relatively high temperatures in a range of 160 to 280 ° C. is operated. This causes local burns the greaves on the contact surfaces in the dryer. Accordingly are the dry grease obtained by this method of a dark color, as in the case of the Pressing accumulating grease. These products are next to the bad optical also negative sensory properties because they have a bad taste as well as a have an unpleasant odor.
  • the by means of the conventional drying of wet grease Dry powders obtained have medium fat contents in a range of about 12 to 14% by weight, based on the total amount of the product, on. Furthermore, the with obtained by the known method a middle Water content about 4% by weight, a mean ash content to about 5% by weight and a median usable protein content (BEFFE) of a maximum of about 30% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of the product.
  • BEFFE median usable protein content
  • the average fat content, mean moisture content, mean ash content, the average recoverable Protein content (BEFFE), mean connective tissue protein content, mean total protein content, the digestibility and proportions of inorganic substances are in the sense of the invention defined as measured over a period of three months and averaged values obtained by sampling from poultry, bovine and / or pork fats or flakes obtained by the methods in accordance with the Official Collection of Investigation Procedures under ⁇ 35 of the Anlagen padumbungs disgust the Federal Republic of Germany.
  • BEFFE mean usable protein content
  • US 3,310,881 discloses an apparatus for continuous drying of particular granular materials, especially moist foods, by the so-called "Quench" -Drying.
  • moisturizing foods are brought into contact through contact dried with oil as heat carrier.
  • the oil is preferably on the Sprayed food.
  • the hot oil causes the drying of the food.
  • the moisture is removed.
  • the present invention therefore has for its object to provide a method which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the preferred heat transfer medium is a substance having a lower vapor pressure than Water used.
  • fats are used as heat transfer medium.
  • animal fats can be used which comply with food law Comply with regulations.
  • lard, beef tallow and / or lye as heat carrier Vegetable oils are used.
  • the heat transfer medium is at a temperature in one Range of 100 to 160 ° C, more preferably in one range from 110 to 150 ° C, used.
  • These temperatures are clearly lower than that using a conventional disc dryer for processing the starting materials too Dry products used temperatures of about 250 ° C.
  • the inventive method a significant Reduction of energy costs achieved.
  • the conventional methods known in the art treated the starting materials used more gently, resulting in easier digestibility of the obtained Precipitates products.
  • the temperatures can go further be reduced when a higher vacuum is applied.
  • falling-film evaporators can be used as heat exchangers (stationary tube bundle) or forced circulation evaporator (Tube bundle heat exchanger), the latter being preferred are.
  • the separator can be made of a perforated Drum and a Anpreßband exist, the so-called Softness of the substances used with the aid of Bandes pushed through the perforated drum and be discharged for example via a screw.
  • Oxpreßbare Ingredients are conveyed past the drum.
  • the starting materials before the Crushed introduction into the heat exchanger are used a (wet) crushing machine on the market in particular, the machine is a rotor and Stator system, whereby shear forces in the material be introduced.
  • the average obtained Grain size of the starting materials is advantageously maximum 2mm, preferably significantly less than 1mm.
  • the decanter is a partial flow of the in the expander supplied to the remaining mixture.
  • the mixture taken from the expander Partial flow in a range of about 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of the mixture.
  • a partial flow in a range of about 8 is preferred taken to 15% by weight.
  • the remaining product stream, which contains in particular fat as well as solid components, can via a return the heat exchanger and the Recipient can be fed back. This will achieve that the process carried out continuously and the middle Fat content of the resulting product further reduced can be.
  • a pressure in the expander in a range from 100 millibars to 1 bar, preferably 500 to 900 millibars, more preferably 750 to 850 millibar used.
  • This is a very gentle treatment in particular of the protein contained in the starting materials reached. This also prevents that due to Air bubbles Brüdendampf escapes from the expander and in the environment of the plant leads to odor nuisance.
  • the brothers steam can be easy on the expander at these pressures Way are fed to a capacitor, on which also A vacuum is applied by means of a vacuum pump.
  • condensate recovered by the condenser be fed to the wastewater via a condenser pump.
  • the method can be used in particular for drying poultry, beef and / or pork fat or mixtures it.
  • Such dried substances can, for example used as food or feed or the combustion are supplied.
  • the invention further relates to a drying product prepared according to the method of the invention.
  • This product has one mean recoverable protein content (BEFFE) of at least about 60% by weight on the total amount of product, preferably at least about 65% by weight.
  • BEFFE mean recoverable protein content
  • the product is preferred obtained from Najigrieben, especially from cattle and / or Pork fat, pork rind and / or pork loin fat and / or sections.
  • the product has excellent optical and sensory properties. It's a dry, almost fat-free and free-flowing product of lighter, in particular light yellow color. It has no rancid smell. Due to the low fat content of max. 20% by weight, based on the total amount of product, preferably less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 13% by weight, The product is extremely easy to digest and an excellent one due to the high protein content Food or animal feed additive. Due to the low mean fat content of the product is pronounced this Long lasting and therefore storable, as a rancid of fat contained by air oxidation as well as not done anymore. The product is suitable the strict product regulations of the food industry, especially the high sensory standards there, observed. It can be used in food as a flavor enhancer Addition should be attached. In addition, points the product due to its low content on connective tissue protein, in particular collagen, of a maximum of about 30% by weight, preferably less than 28% by weight, one sufficient high water binding capacity and reduces dripping losses when used in sausage making.
  • BEFFE high average recyclable Protein content
  • the product advantageously has a middle Moisture content of at most 4% by weight, preferably one mean moisture content in a range of about 0.5 to 3 Weight%, more preferably in a range of 0.5 to 2 Weight%, up.
  • the product according to the invention may still contain ash, and although advantageously a mean ash content of maximum 5% by weight, preferably a mean ash content in a range of 2 to 4% by weight.
  • Other essential components are not included in the product according to the invention, it can still trace traces of bone or cartilage as well as others in the animal raw materials contained substances such as sebum may be present and optionally Residual components of a heat carrier used in the process.
  • the product produced by the process finds use as animal feed and / or animal feed additive, especially in the pet food and compound feed sectors, and / or food and / or food additive as well an apparatus for carrying out the inventive Process.
  • the product is perfect to these uses, since on the one hand one pronounced high protein content and at the same time low Has fat content and optical and sensory properties shows that even the strict food guidelines in this regard can be met.
  • this mixture After mixing the fat used as heat carrier (beef tallow and / or lard) with the crushed Najigrieben this mixture is introduced into a heat exchanger 7.
  • the heat is the heat exchanger 7, for example supplied by steam from outside and in this way in introduced the mixture.
  • the proportion of water in the wet grease used evaporates.
  • Heat exchanger a forced circulation evaporator is used, the shell side is heated with steam, and its temperature be set in a range of about 70 ° C to 160 ° C can.
  • the now pre-dried or dried mixture is fed to the expander 8. It is a decompressor without internals used with a peeling nozzle, whereby the heat carrier is fanned into several streams.
  • the separation of the Brüdendampfes 17 is carried out by the amount of solids contained in the mixture.
  • the product stream is divided.
  • a partial stream 11 (heat carrier stream) is taken from the product stream and added via a feed pump 12 to the decanter 13.
  • the decanter 13 can be operated at speeds in a range of about 800 to 8000 min -1 , in particular in a range of about 1,500 to 4,500 min -1 , and with spin numbers in a range of about 400 to 5000.
  • the solid phase (product) removed from the decanter 13 via conveying elements 21 consists of dry grease, the resulting fatty phase can be fed to the mixer 6 at least partially via a return vessel 14 of a pump 15 and from there via the conduit 16. This grease then serves as a heat carrier.
  • the remaining product removed from the expander 8 product flow is about a circulation pump 9 the heat exchanger 7 (Fig. 1) via a Return 10 or even the expander 8 (Fig. 2) supplied.
  • a circulation pump finds a common centrifugal pump with open impeller use, the ratio of Circulating flow to the discharged heat transfer flow (partial flow 11) may be from about 15: 1 to about 25: 1, and preferably 20: 1 is.
  • the circulation flow is about 140 cbm / h, adapted to the required evaporation power for about 1 ton of steam per hour, which is diverted heat transfer stream about 7 cbm / h.
  • the removed from the expander 8 Brüdendampf 17 is a Capacitor 18 and a condenser pump 19 as wastewater added to the channel.
  • the capacitor 18 works by means the vacuum pump 20 under vacuum conditions.
  • the resulting from the heat exchanger 7, the expander 8 and the Decanter 13 substantially composite device for Implementation of the method according to the invention provides a High concentrator. This can be operated under vacuum conditions be, which on the one hand a gentler treatment the wet grease used and on the other hand, a reduction the odor nuisance is made possible.
  • the system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for implementation of the method according to the invention has a number of plant engineering Advantages over the commonly used disc dryers on. Due to the extremely excellent heat transfer, which in a plant according to the in Figs. 1 and 2 shown embodiments is possible, this facility be compact and relatively large quantities to process starting materials. It is a closed one Plant operation possible, at the same time is the so-called Inert gas content low, resulting in low after condensation Exhaust air flows arise. This allows the downstream capacitor be dimensioned smaller. In particular, however in view of the prior art advantage that with such a plant the high when using a Disc dryer occurring heat losses can be avoided. Due to the low inert gas, the waste heat such a system in downstream systems better coupled become. That the return vessel 14 in excess to taking away fat advantageously has a pronounced high quality. Furthermore, the fat yield is pronounced high.
  • the product obtained had an average moisture content of about 3.8% by weight and an average fat content of 13.7 Weight% on.
  • the mean usable protein content (BEFFE) was nearly 65.4% by weight, the average proportion connective tissue protein 27.2% by weight and the mean total protein content was 78.6% by weight. Further, the product contained 2.0% by weight of ash and in small quantities other Ingredients.
  • the digestibility was 95%, the phosphate content (as P in mg / 100g) 145, the calcium content (as Ca in mg / 100 g) 18 and the sodium content (as Na in mg / 100 g) 239.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for drying particulate substances. In a first step, the particulate substance is introduced into a heat exchanger (7), together with a heat transfer medium; in a second step, the stream of material product derived from the heat exchanger (7) is fed to a vaporization device (8), in which the vapour (17) is separated and in a third step, the mixture which remains in the vaporization device (8) is fed to a decanter (13), from which the product is removed in a fourth step.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Trocknung partikelförmiger Stoffe oder Gemische solcher sowie damit hergestellte Produkte und Verwendung derselben.The present invention relates to a method for Drying particulate matter or mixtures thereof and Products made therewith and use thereof.

Partikelförmige Stoffe fallen unter anderem in Fettschmelzen an. In Fettschmelzen werden tierische Rohstoffe, in aller Regel von Schlachttieren wie Rind und Schwein, aber auch Geflügel verarbeitet. Ein bekanntes Verfahren zur Schmelzung dieser Rohstoffe ist das sogenannte Naßschmelzverfahren. Hierbei entstehen im wesentlichen drei Fraktionen, die aus Fetten, Wasser und Proteinen bestehen. Diese werden nach dem Ausschmelzen voneinander getrennt. Die proteinreiche Phase wird als Naßgrieben bezeichnet und besteht zu ca. 65 Gewichts-% aus Wasser, ca. 15 Gewichts-% aus Fett und ca. 20 bis 30 Gewichts-% aus verwertbaren Proteinen (BEFFE: Bindegewebsfreies Eiweiß). Der Proteinanteil besteht üblicherweise abhängig von den eingesetzten Rohstoffen zu etwa 50 bis 60 Gewichts-% aus Fleisch und zu etwa 40 bis 50 Gewichts-% aus Bindegewebseiweiß, insbesondere Kollagen.Particulate matter is, inter alia, in fat melts at. Fat melts are animal raw materials, as a rule from slaughter animals such as beef and pork, but also poultry processed. A known method for melting this Raw materials is the so-called wet melt process. in this connection arise essentially three fractions, which consist of fats, Water and proteins exist. These will melt after melting separated from each other. The high-protein phase will referred to as wet grease and consists of about 65% by weight from water, about 15% by weight of fat and about 20 to 30% by weight of usable proteins (BEFFE: connective tissue free Protein). The protein content usually depends on the raw materials used to about 50 to 60% by weight Meat and about 40 to 50% by weight of connective tissue protein, especially collagen.

Die aus der Ausschmelzung der tierischen Rohstoffe erhaltenen Naßgrieben werden üblicherweise zu Trockengrieben weiterverarbeitet, welche im Pet-Food-Bereich und im Mischfutterbereich als Tierfutter bzw. Tierfuttermittelzusatz verwendet werden. Hierbei werden die Naßgrieben üblicherweise in einen Scheibentrockner, insbesondere einen Rotationsscheibentrockner, eingebracht. In diesem findet eine Kontakttrocknung der Naßgrieben statt, welche dadurch erfolgt, daß ein Heizmedium, üblicherweise Dampf oder Thermalöl, vom Inneren des Rotorrohrs her die an diesem angeschweißten Scheiben beheizt. Die der beheizten Innenseite des Rotorrohrs abgewandte Außenseite des Rotorrohrs bzw. der an diesem angeschweißten Scheiben wird mit den Naßgrieben in Kontakt gebracht. Hierbei wird der Wassergehalt der Naßgrieben von einer Eingangsfeuchte von etwa 65 Gewichts-% Wasser auf eine Restfeuchte von etwa 5 Gewichts-% Wasser getrocknet. Anschließend werden die derart getrockneten Grieben dem Trockner entnommen und in eine Presse, insbesondere Schneckenpresse, eingebracht. Mittels dieser Presse wird der Fettgehalt der Grieben von etwa 40 Gewichts-% auf einen Bereich von etwa 12 bis 13 Gewichts-% reduziert.Those obtained from the melting of animal raw materials Wet grease are usually further processed into dry grease, which in the pet food sector and in the compound feed sector used as animal feed or animal feed additive become. Here, the Naßgrieben are usually in one Disc dryer, in particular a rotary disc dryer, brought in. In this there is a contact drying of Naßgrieben instead, which takes place in that a heating medium, usually steam or thermal oil, from inside the rotor tube The heated at this welded discs. The the heated inside of the rotor tube facing away from the outside of the rotor tube or welded to this discs is brought into contact with the wet grease. Here is the Water content of Naßgrieben of an input moisture of about 65% by weight of water to a residual moisture content of about 5% by weight Dried water. Then the like dried greaves taken from the dryer and placed in a press, in particular screw press, introduced. By means of this Press is the fat content of the greaves of about 40% by weight reduced to a range of about 12 to 13% by weight.

Nachteilig an diesem Verfahren ist insbesondere, daß es bei relativ hohen Temperaturen in einem Bereich von 160 bis 280°C betrieben wird. Hierdurch kommt es zu lokalen Verbrennungen der Grieben an den Kontaktflächen im Trockner. Dementsprechend sind die durch dieses Verfahren erhaltenen Trockengrieben von einer dunklen Farbe, ebenso das insbesondere bei der Pressung anfallende Griebenfett. Diese Produkte weisen neben den schlechten optischen auch negative sensorische Eigenschaften auf, da sie einen schlechten Geschmack sowie einen unangenehmen Geruch aufweisen.A disadvantage of this method is in particular that it is at relatively high temperatures in a range of 160 to 280 ° C. is operated. This causes local burns the greaves on the contact surfaces in the dryer. Accordingly are the dry grease obtained by this method of a dark color, as in the case of the Pressing accumulating grease. These products are next to the bad optical also negative sensory properties because they have a bad taste as well as a have an unpleasant odor.

Insbesondere ist aber auch nachteilig, daß bei Betrieb des zur Trocknung der Naßgrieben verwendeten Trockners in diesem Verleimungserscheinungen auftreten, welche im schlimmsten Fall zu einer Zerstörung des Trockners selbst führen können. Aufgrund dieser Verleimungserscheinungen, welche insbesondere durch das in den Naßgrieben enthaltene Kollagen hervorgerufen werden, weisen die zur Trocknung von Naßgrieben verwendeten Trockner ausgesprochen hohe Stillstandszeiten auf, welche die Trocknung der Naßgrieben zu Trockengrieben ausgesprochen unwirtschaftlich machen. Die erhaltenen Trockengrieben können daher nur zu einem relativ hohen Preis weiterverkauft werden.In particular, it is also disadvantageous that during operation of the for drying the wet grease used dryer in this Gluing phenomena occur, which in the worst Case may lead to destruction of the dryer itself. Because of these gluing phenomena, which in particular caused by the collagen contained in the wet grease be used, have used for drying wet grease Dryer extremely high downtime, which the Drying of the wet grease to dry grease decidedly uneconomic do. The obtained dry grease can therefore only be resold at a relatively high price.

Weiterhin weisen derartige Trockner einen schlechten Wärmeübergang auf die zu trocknenden Naßgrieben auf, insbesondere werden ausgesprochen große Wärmeübertragungsflächen benötigt. Hierdurch ergeben sich aufgrund der notwendigen großen Baugröße hohe Wärmeverluste, was sich in einer negativen Energiebilanz derartiger Trockner widerspiegelt. Zudem sind die Kontaktflächen eines derartigen Trockners auf der der Innenseite des Rotors abgewandten Seite in ständigem Kontakt mit den zu trocknenden Naßgrieben, wodurch diese metallischen Flächen schnell verschleißen.Furthermore, such dryers have a poor heat transfer on the Naßgrieben to be dried on, in particular Extremely large heat transfer surfaces are needed. This results due to the necessary large size high heat losses, resulting in a negative energy balance reflects such dryer. In addition, the Contact surfaces of such a dryer on the inside the rotor facing away from the side in constant contact with the wet grease to be dried, making this metallic Wear surfaces quickly.

Schließlich weisen derartige Trockner insbesondere den Nachteil auf, daß sie nicht in einem vollkommen luftdichten Zustand betrieben werden können, wodurch nicht nur einerseits die Wahl der Parameter Atmosphärendruck und Temperatur eingeschränkt ist, sondern es insbesondere aufgrund von Undichtigkeiten zu Lufteinbrüchen kommt, was zu unangenehmen Luftbelastungen in der Umgebung eines derartigen Trockners führt.Finally, such dryers have the particular disadvantage that they are not in a completely airtight condition can be operated, which not only on the one hand the choice of the parameters atmospheric pressure and temperature restricted it is, but in particular due to leaks Air bubbles, resulting in unpleasant air pollution in the vicinity of such a dryer leads.

Die genannten Nachteile treten jedoch nicht nur bei der Verarbeitung von Naßgrieben, sondern allgemein bei der Verarbeitung von partikelförmigen Stoffen wie Geflügel-, Rinder- und/oder Schweinefetten, Geflügelfleisch-, Schweinefleisch- und/oder Rindfleischpulver sowie weiteren partikelförmigen Stoffen auf. Unter den Begriff der Rinderfette fallen insbesondere Subkutanfette, Innereifette, Rinderzerlegefette und Rinderfleischfette. Unter den Begriff der Schweinefette fallen neben anderen bekannten Fetten Schweineschwarten. Schweineschwarten fanden bisher nur in der Gelatine-Industrie Verwendung.However, the disadvantages mentioned do not only occur during processing of wet greaves, but generally in the processing of particulate matter such as poultry, bovine and / or pork fat, poultry meat, pork and / or beef powder and other particulate Fabrics on. The term "bovine fat" is particularly applicable Hypodermic fats, internal fat, cattle degradation fats and Beef fats. Fall under the term of pork fat along with other known fats pork rinds. Pigskin have so far only been used in the gelatine industry.

Die mittels des herkömmlichen Trocknungsverfahrens aus Naßgrieben erhaltenen Trockengrieben weisen mittlere Fettgehalte in einem Bereich von etwa 12 bis 14 Gewichts-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Produktes, auf. Weiterhin weisen die mit dem bekannten Verfahren erhaltenen Produkte einen mittleren Wassergehalt etwa 4 Gewichts-%, einen mittleren Aschegehalt bis etwa 5 Gewichts-% sowie einen mittleren verwertbaren Proteingehalt (BEFFE) von maximal etwa 30 Gewichts% auf, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Produktes.The by means of the conventional drying of wet grease Dry powders obtained have medium fat contents in a range of about 12 to 14% by weight, based on the total amount of the product, on. Furthermore, the with obtained by the known method a middle Water content about 4% by weight, a mean ash content to about 5% by weight and a median usable protein content (BEFFE) of a maximum of about 30% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of the product.

Der mittlere Fettgehalt, mittlere Feuchtegehalt, mittlere Aschegehalt, der mittlere verwertbare Proteingehalt (BEFFE), mittlere Bindegewebseiweißgehalt, der mittlere Gesamteiweißgehalt, die Verdaulichkeit sowie Anteile anorganischer Substanzen werden im Sinne der Erfindung definiert als die über einen Zeitraum von drei Monaten gemessenen und gemittelten Werte, welche durch Stichproben festgestellt wurden, von aus Geflügel-, Rinder- und/oder Schweinefetten bzw. -fleischpulvem erhaltenen Produkte mittels der Verfahren gemäß der Amtlichen Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren nach § 35 des Lebensmittelbedarfgegenständegesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.The average fat content, mean moisture content, mean ash content, the average recoverable Protein content (BEFFE), mean connective tissue protein content, mean total protein content, the digestibility and proportions of inorganic substances are in the sense of the invention defined as measured over a period of three months and averaged values obtained by sampling from poultry, bovine and / or pork fats or flakes obtained by the methods in accordance with the Official Collection of Investigation Procedures under § 35 of the Lebensmittelbedarfgegenständungsgesetz the Federal Republic of Germany.

Es wird allgemein angestrebt, den mittleren verwertbaren Proteingehalt (BEFFE) der aus den vorgenannten Ausgangsmaterialien, insbesondere Nassgrieben, Rinderfleischfetten und Schweineschwarten, erhaltenen Trockenprodukte zu erhöhen und den mittleren Fettgehalt zu reduzieren, da dadurch die Verdaulichkeit der erhaltenen Produkte stark verbessert wird. Zudem wird angestrebt, die optischen und sensorischen Eigenschaften des Produktes zu verbessern.It is generally the goal, the mean usable protein content (BEFFE) of the abovementioned starting materials, in particular wet grease, beef fat fats and pork rinds to increase the dry products obtained and the mean fat content to reduce, as it greatly improves the digestibility of the products obtained becomes. In addition, the aim is to improve the visual and sensory properties of the Improve product.

US 3,310,881 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Trocknung von insbesondere granulären Materialien, vor allem feuchten Lebensmitteln, durch die sogenannte "Quench"-Trocknung. Dabei werden feuchtigkeitsaufweisende Lebensmittel durch In-Kontakt-Bringen mit Öl als Wärmeträger getrocknet. Das Öl wird dabei bevorzugt auf das Lebensmittel gesprüht. Durch das heiße Öl erfolgt die Trocknung des Lebensmittels. Durch eine Entspannung des Materials in einem Zyklon wird die Feuchtigkeit abgeführt.US 3,310,881 discloses an apparatus for continuous drying of particular granular materials, especially moist foods, by the so-called "Quench" -Drying. In doing so, moisturizing foods are brought into contact through contact dried with oil as heat carrier. The oil is preferably on the Sprayed food. The hot oil causes the drying of the food. By relaxing the material in a cyclone, the moisture is removed.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat daher zur Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist.The present invention therefore has for its object to provide a method which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Trocknung partikelförmiger Stoffe oder Gemische solcher, umfassend Geflügel-, Rinder- und/oder Schweinefette, insbesondere Nassgrieben, insbesondere aus Rinder- und/oder Schweinefetten, Rinderfleischfett, Schweineschwarten und/oder Schweineschwartendeckelfett und/oder -abschnitten, bei welchem

  • in einem ersten Schritt der partikelförmige Stoff mit einem Wärmeträger gemischt und in einem Wärmeaustauscher erhitzt wird;
  • in einem zweiten Schritt der aus dem Wärmeaustauscher abgeleitete Produktstrom, umfassend Brüdendampf und ein proteinhaltiges Produkt, einem Entspanner zugeführt wird, in welchem der Brüdendampf abgetrennt wird; und
  • in einem dritten Schritt das in dem Entspanner verbliebene Gemisch einem Dekanter zugeführt wird, aus welchem dann
  • in einem vierten Schritt das proteinhaltige Produkt entnommen wird.
This object is achieved by a method for drying particulate substances or mixtures thereof, comprising poultry, beef and / or pork fat, in particular wet grease, in particular from bovine and / or pork fat, beef fat, pork rind and / or Schweineschwartendeckelfett and / or sections , in which
  • in a first step, the particulate matter is mixed with a heat transfer medium and heated in a heat exchanger;
  • in a second step, the product stream derived from the heat exchanger, comprising broth steam and a proteinaceous product, is fed to a flash-off, in which the broth steam is separated; and
  • in a third step, the remaining in the expander mixture is fed to a decanter, from which then
  • in a fourth step, the protein-containing product is removed.

Wesentlicher Unterschied zu den bisher im Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren zur Trocknung partikelförmiger Stoffe, insbesondere von Produkten aus Geflügel-, Rinderfetten und/oder Schweinefetten, ist, dass die Ausgangsmaterialien unmittelbar mit einem Wärmeträger in Kontakt kommen und dies nicht über zwischengeschaltete Kontaktflächen erfolgt. Hierdurch wird ein intensiver Wärmeübergang erreicht, welcher zu ausgesprochen kurzen Trocknungszeiten führt. Insbesondere ist von Vorteil, daß das Verfahren im Vakuumbetrieb durchgeführt werden kann. Hierdurch erfolgt eine ausgesprochen schonende Behandlung der in den Ausgangsmaterialien enthaltenen Proteine. Das durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erhaltene Produkt weist daher einen ausgesprochen leicht verdaulichen Proteingehalt auf. Das Verfahren kann in einer geschlossenen Anlage betrieben werden, wodurch Lufteinbrüche verhindert werden, was zu einer drastischen Reduzierung der Geruchsbelastung in der Umgebung der Anlage führt, in welcher das Verfahren durchgeführt wird.Significant difference to the previously known in the art for Drying of particulate matter, especially products from poultry, beef fats and / or pork fats, is that the starting materials directly with a Heat transfer come into contact and not over intermediate contact surfaces he follows. As a result, an intense heat transfer is achieved, which pronounced too leads to short drying times. In particular, it is advantageous that the method in vacuum operation can be carried out. This results in a very gentle Treatment of the proteins contained in the starting materials. The by the invention Process obtained product therefore has a very easily digestible Protein content on. The process can be operated in a closed system which prevents air ingress, resulting in a drastic reduction the odor load in the environment of the plant leads, in which the process is carried out.

Bevorzugt wird als Wärmeträger eine Substanz mit einem niedrigeren Dampfdruck als Wasser verwendet. Vorteilhafterweise werden als Wärmeträger Fette verwendet. Als Fette können insbesondere tierische Fette verwendet werden, welche den lebensmittelrechtlichen Vorschriften entsprechen. Beispielsweise seien hier Glyceride der Palmitin-, Öl-, Stearin-, Linol-, Laurin- und Palmitoleinsäuren oder Mischungen dieser genannt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Wärmeträger Schweineschmalz, Rindertalg und/oder Pflanzenöle verwendet werden. The preferred heat transfer medium is a substance having a lower vapor pressure than Water used. Advantageously, fats are used as heat transfer medium. As fats In particular, animal fats can be used which comply with food law Comply with regulations. For example, glycerides of palmitic, oil, Stearic, linoleic, lauric and palmitoleic acids or mixtures thereof. Especially It is advantageous if lard, beef tallow and / or lye as heat carrier Vegetable oils are used.

Bevorzugt wird der Wärmeträger mit einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von 100 bis 160°C, weiter bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 110 bis 150°C, verwendet. Diese Temperaturen liegen deutlich niedriger als die bei Verwendung eines üblichen Scheibentrockners zur Verarbeitung der Ausgangsmaterialien zu Trockenprodukten verwendeten Temperaturen von etwa 250°C. Hierdurch wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine deutliche Reduzierung der Energiekosten erreicht. Darüber hinaus werden durch die Reduzierung der Temperatur im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen im Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren die eingesetzten Ausgangsmaterialien schonender behandelt, was sich in einer leichteren Verdaulichkeit der erhaltenen Produkte niederschlägt. Die Temperaturen können noch weiter vermindert werden, wenn ein höheres Vakuum angelegt wird. Als Wärmeaustauscher einsetzbar sind beispielsweise Fallstromverdampfer (stehendes Rohrbündel) oder Zwangsumlaufverdampfer (Rohrbündelwärmeüberträger), wobei letztere bevorzugt sind.Preferably, the heat transfer medium is at a temperature in one Range of 100 to 160 ° C, more preferably in one range from 110 to 150 ° C, used. These temperatures are clearly lower than that using a conventional disc dryer for processing the starting materials too Dry products used temperatures of about 250 ° C. As a result, in the inventive method a significant Reduction of energy costs achieved. Furthermore are compared by reducing the temperature the conventional methods known in the art treated the starting materials used more gently, resulting in easier digestibility of the obtained Precipitates products. The temperatures can go further be reduced when a higher vacuum is applied. For example, falling-film evaporators can be used as heat exchangers (stationary tube bundle) or forced circulation evaporator (Tube bundle heat exchanger), the latter being preferred are.

Bevorzugt wird vor und/oder nach der Zerkleinerung eine Separation der eingesetzten partikelförmigen Stoffe oder Gemischen solcher vorgenommen. Der Separator kann aus einer gelochten Trommel und einem Anpreßband bestehen, wobei die sogenannten Weichanteile der eingesetzten Stoffe mit Hilfe des Bandes durch die perforierte Trommel hindurchgedrückt und beispielsweise über eine Schnecke ausgetragen werden. Nichtpreßbare Bestandteile werden dabei an der Trommel vorbeigefördert.Preference is given to a separation before and / or after comminution the particulate substances or mixtures used such made. The separator can be made of a perforated Drum and a Anpreßband exist, the so-called Softness of the substances used with the aid of Bandes pushed through the perforated drum and be discharged for example via a screw. Nichtpreßbare Ingredients are conveyed past the drum.

Vorteilhafterweise werden die Ausgangsmaterialien vor der Einbringung in den Wärmeaustauscher zerkleinert. Hierfür kann eine auf dem Markt übliche (Naß-)Zerkleinerungsmaschine verwendet werden, wobei die Maschine insbesondere ein Rotor- und Statorsystem aufweist, wodurch Scherkräfte in das Material eingebracht werden. Die dabei erhaltene durchschnittliche Korngröße der Ausgangsmaterialien beträgt vorteilhafterweise maximal 2mm, bevorzugt deutlich weniger als 1 mm.Advantageously, the starting materials before the Crushed introduction into the heat exchanger. For this can used a (wet) crushing machine on the market in particular, the machine is a rotor and Stator system, whereby shear forces in the material be introduced. The average obtained Grain size of the starting materials is advantageously maximum 2mm, preferably significantly less than 1mm.

Bevorzugt wird dem Dekanter ein Teilstrom des in dem Entspanner verbliebenen Gemisches zugeführt. Insbesondere ist vorteilhaft, daß dem dem Entspanner entnommenen Gemisch ein Teilstrom in einem Bereich von etwa 5 bis 20 Gewichts-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Gemisches, entnommen wird. Weiter bevorzugt wird ein Teilstrom in einem Bereich von etwa 8 bis 15 Gewichts-% entnommen. Der verbleibende Produktstrom, welcher insbesondere Fett als auch Festbestandteile enthält, kann über einen Rücklauf dem Wärmeaustauscher als auch dem Entspanner wieder zugeführt werden. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß das Verfahren kontinuierlich durchgeführt sowie der mittlere Fettgehalt des erhaltenen Produktes weiter vermindert werden kann.Preferably, the decanter is a partial flow of the in the expander supplied to the remaining mixture. In particular, it is advantageous that the mixture taken from the expander Partial flow in a range of about 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of the mixture. Further a partial flow in a range of about 8 is preferred taken to 15% by weight. The remaining product stream, which contains in particular fat as well as solid components, can via a return the heat exchanger and the Recipient can be fed back. This will achieve that the process carried out continuously and the middle Fat content of the resulting product further reduced can be.

Vorteilhafterweise wird ein Druck im Entspanner in einem Bereich von 100 Millibar bis 1 Bar, bevorzugt 500 bis 900 Millibar, weiter bevorzugt 750 bis 850 Millibar, verwendet. Hierdurch wird eine ausgesprochen schonende Behandlung insbesondere des in den Ausgangsmaterialien enthaltenen Proteins erreicht. Auch wird dadurch verhindert, daß aufgrund von Lufteinbrüchen Brüdendampf aus dem Entspanner entweicht und im Umfeld der Anlage zu Geruchsbelästigungen führt. Der Brüdendampf kann dem Entspanner bei diesen Drücken auf einfache Weise einem Kondensator zugeführt werden, an welchem ebenfalls mittels einer Vakuumpumpe ein Vakuum angelegt ist. Das durch den Kondensator gewonnene Kondensat kann beispielsweise über eine Kondensatorpumpe dem Abwasser zugeführt werden. Der Brüdendampf kann jedoch aufgrund seines Wärmegehaltes auch in einem gegebenenfalls mehrstufigen nachgeschalteten Verfahren, gegebenenfalls auch unter Überdruckbegingungen, genutzt werden als Wärmequelle, beispielsweise im Wärmeaustauscher oder aber anderen Anlagen. Da der Fettanteil im Brüdendampf ausgesprochen gering ist und darüber hinaus aufgrund der Verwendung geringerer Temperaturen keine Verbrennungsprodukte in diesem enthalten sind, ist das aus dem Brüdendampf erhaltenen Abwasser so gut wie geruchsfrei.Advantageously, a pressure in the expander in a range from 100 millibars to 1 bar, preferably 500 to 900 millibars, more preferably 750 to 850 millibar used. This is a very gentle treatment in particular of the protein contained in the starting materials reached. This also prevents that due to Air bubbles Brüdendampf escapes from the expander and in the environment of the plant leads to odor nuisance. The brothers steam can be easy on the expander at these pressures Way are fed to a capacitor, on which also A vacuum is applied by means of a vacuum pump. The For example, condensate recovered by the condenser be fed to the wastewater via a condenser pump. Of the Due to its heat content, however, it can also be used in an optionally multi-stage downstream process, possibly also under pressure conditions, be used as a heat source, for example in the heat exchanger or but other facilities. Since the fat content pronounced in the Brüdendampf is low and beyond due to use lower temperatures no combustion products in this is contained, is that obtained from the Brüdendampf Wastewater as good as odorless.

Das Verfahren kann verwendet werden insbesondere zur Trocknung von Geflügel-, Rinder- und/oder Schweinefetten oder Mischungen daraus. Derartig getrocknete Stoffe können beispielsweise als Nahrungs- oder Futtermittel Verwendung finden oder aber der Verbrennung zugeführt werden. The method can be used in particular for drying poultry, beef and / or pork fat or mixtures it. Such dried substances can, for example used as food or feed or the combustion are supplied.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Trocknungsprodukt hergestellt gemäß dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung. Dieses Produkt hat einem mittleren verwertbaren Proteingehalt (BEFFE) von mindestens etwa 60 Gewichts-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Produktes, bevorzugt mindestens etwa 65 Gewichts-%. Bevorzugt wird das Produkt gewonnen aus Naßgrieben, insbesondere aus Rinder- und/oder Schweinefetten, aus Schweineschwarten und/oder Schweineschwartendeckelfett und/oder -abschnitten.The invention further relates to a drying product prepared according to the method of the invention. This product has one mean recoverable protein content (BEFFE) of at least about 60% by weight on the total amount of product, preferably at least about 65% by weight. The product is preferred obtained from Naßgrieben, especially from cattle and / or Pork fat, pork rind and / or pork loin fat and / or sections.

Das Produkt weist hervorragende optische und sensorische Eigenschaften auf. Es ist ein trockenes, nahezu fettfreies und rieselfähiges Produkt von heller, insbesondere hellgelber Farbe. Es weist keinerlei ranzigen Geruch auf. Durch den niedrigen Fettgehalt von max. 20 Gewichts-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Produktes, bevorzugt weniger als 15 Gewichts-%, weiter bevorzugt weniger als 13 Gewichts-%, ist das Produkt ausgesprochen leicht verdaulich und aufgrund des hohen Proteingehaltes ein ausgezeichneter Lebensmittel- bzw. Tierfuttermittelzusatz. Aufgrund des geringen mittleren Fettgehaltes des Produktes ist dieses ausgesprochen lange haltbar und damit lagerfähig, da ein Ranzigwerden des enthaltenen Fettes durch Luftoxidation so gut wie nicht mehr erfolgt. Das Produkt ist geeignet, die strengen Produktvorschriften der Lebensmittelindustrie, insbesondere die dortigen hohen sensorischen Standards, einzuhalten. Es kann in Lebensmitteln als geschmacksverstärkender Zusatz beigefügt werden. Darüber hinaus weist das Produkt aufgrund seines geringen Anteils an Bindegewebseiweiß, insbesondere Kollagen, von maximal etwa 30 Gewichts-%, bevorzugt weniger als 28 Gewichts-%, eine ausreichend hohe Wasserbindungsfähigkeit auf und reduziert Abtropfverluste bei Verwendung in der Wurstherstellung.The product has excellent optical and sensory properties. It's a dry, almost fat-free and free-flowing product of lighter, in particular light yellow color. It has no rancid smell. Due to the low fat content of max. 20% by weight, based on the total amount of product, preferably less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 13% by weight, The product is extremely easy to digest and an excellent one due to the high protein content Food or animal feed additive. Due to the low mean fat content of the product is pronounced this Long lasting and therefore storable, as a rancid of fat contained by air oxidation as well as not done anymore. The product is suitable the strict product regulations of the food industry, especially the high sensory standards there, observed. It can be used in food as a flavor enhancer Addition should be attached. In addition, points the product due to its low content on connective tissue protein, in particular collagen, of a maximum of about 30% by weight, preferably less than 28% by weight, one sufficient high water binding capacity and reduces dripping losses when used in sausage making.

Schließlich kann aufgrund des hohen mittleren verwertbaren Proteingehaltes (BEFFE) des erfindungsgemäßen Produktes der Gesamtproteingehalt, beispielsweise einer Wurstrezeptur, welche vorgeschriebene Grenzwerte einhalten muß, erhöht werden und dadurch die von Gesetzes wegen vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte eingehalten werden.Finally, due to the high average recyclable Protein content (BEFFE) of the product according to the invention Total protein content, such as a Wurstrezeptur, which must be increased and thereby the limits prescribed by law be respected.

Weiterhin weist das Produkt vorteilhafterweise einen mittleren Feuchtegehalt von maximal 4 Gewichts-%, bevorzugt einen mittleren Feuchtegehalt in einem Bereich von etwa 0,5 bis 3 Gewichts-%, weiter bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2 Gewichts-%, auf.Furthermore, the product advantageously has a middle Moisture content of at most 4% by weight, preferably one mean moisture content in a range of about 0.5 to 3 Weight%, more preferably in a range of 0.5 to 2 Weight%, up.

Neben Feuchtigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, Fett und Proteinen kann das erfindungsgemäße Produkt noch Asche enthalten, und zwar vorteilhafterweise einen mittleren Aschegehalt von maximal 5 Gewichts-%, bevorzugt einen mittleren Aschegehalt in einem Bereich von 2 bis 4 Gewichts-%. Weitere wesentliche Bestandteile sind in dem erfindungsgemäßen Produkt nicht enthalten, es können noch in Spuren Knochen- bzw. Knorpelbestandteile sowie andere in den tierischen Ausgangsrohstoffen enthaltene Substanzen wie Talg vorhanden sein sowie gegebenenfalls Restbestandteile eines im Verfahren verwendeten Wärmeträgers.In addition to moisture, especially water, fat and proteins the product according to the invention may still contain ash, and Although advantageously a mean ash content of maximum 5% by weight, preferably a mean ash content in a range of 2 to 4% by weight. Other essential components are not included in the product according to the invention, it can still trace traces of bone or cartilage as well as others in the animal raw materials contained substances such as sebum may be present and optionally Residual components of a heat carrier used in the process.

Das mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Produt findet Verwendung als Tierfutter und/oder Tierfutterzusatz, insbesondere im Pet-Food-Bereich und Mischfutterbereich, und/oder Lebensmittel und/oder Lebensmittelzusatz sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Das Produkt eignet sich hervorragend zu diesen Verwendungen, da es einerseits einen ausgesprochen hohen Proteingehalt und dabei gleichzeitig geringen Fettgehalt aufweist sowie optische und sensorische Eigenschaften aufweist, daß sogar die strengen Lebensmittelrichtlinien diesbezüglich eingehalten werden können.The product produced by the process finds use as animal feed and / or animal feed additive, especially in the pet food and compound feed sectors, and / or food and / or food additive as well an apparatus for carrying out the inventive Process. The product is perfect to these uses, since on the one hand one pronounced high protein content and at the same time low Has fat content and optical and sensory properties shows that even the strict food guidelines in this regard can be met.

Diese und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Blockschaltbild des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; und
Fig. 2
ein Verfahrensschema des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand der Verarbeitung von Naßgrieben beschrieben. Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen eine insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 versehene Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei welcher zunächst Naßgrieben in einer Vorlage 2, beispielsweise über eine Förderschnecke, aus dem Ausschmelzprozeß von tierischen Rohstoffen und nach Trennung der dabei erhaltenen einzelnen Fraktionen über einen nicht gezeigten Separator zugeführt werden, durch den nichtpreßbare Bestandteile, insbesondere Fremdkörper wie Metall, Glas oder Kunststoff abgetrennt werden. Die weichanteile werden in den Prozeß eingeführt. Aus dieser Vorlage 2 gelangen die Naßgrieben mittels einer Zwangsförderpumpe 3 in eine Zerkleinerungsanlage 4. In dieser zerkleinerungsanlage 4 werden die Naßgrieben, welche üblicherweise eine durchschnittliche Korngröße von ca. 8mm aufweisen, auf eine durchschnittliche Korngröße < 1 mm reduziert. Hierdurch werden die eingesetzten Naßgrieben vollständig getrocknet und eine gute Entfettung derselben erreicht. Über einen Rücklauf 5 kann ein Teil des bei der Zerkleinerung erhaltenen Produktes wieder der Zwangsförderpumpe 3 zugeführt werden. Aus der Zerkleinerungsanlage gelangen die nunmehr zerkleinerten Naßgrieben in einen Mischer 6. In diesem Mischer 6 werden sie mit Fett als Wärmeträger versetzt. Dieses Fett kann einerseits über die Leitung 16 aus dem Umlaufprozeß des Verfahrens zugefügt werden, andererseits kann es extern über eine hier nicht gezeigte weitere Zuführung eingebracht werden. These and other advantages of the invention are illustrated below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a block diagram of the method according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a process scheme of the method according to the invention.
The process according to the invention will now be described with reference to the processing of wet grease. Fig. 1 and 2 show an overall provided with the reference numeral 1 embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which first Naßgrieben in a template 2, for example via a screw conveyor, from the Ausmelzprozeß of animal raw materials and after separation of the resulting individual fractions via a not shown Separator are fed, are separated by the nichtpreßbare components, in particular foreign bodies such as metal, glass or plastic. The soft parts are introduced into the process. From this template 2, the Naßgrieben reach by means of a forced feed pump 3 in a crushing plant 4. In this crushing unit 4, the Naßgrieben, which usually have an average grain size of about 8mm, reduced to an average grain size <1 mm. As a result, the Naßgrieben used are completely dried and achieved a good degreasing the same. Via a return 5, a part of the product obtained during comminution can be returned to the forced feed pump 3. From the crushing plant the now crushed Naßgrieben get into a mixer 6. In this mixer 6 they are mixed with fat as the heat carrier. This grease can be added on the one hand via the line 16 from the circulation process of the process, on the other hand, it can be externally introduced via a further supply not shown here.

Nach Vermischung des als Wärmeträger verwendeten Fettes (Rindertalg und/oder Schweineschmalz) mit den zerkleinerten Naßgrieben wird dieses Gemisch in einen Wärmeaustauscher 7 eingebracht. Die Wärme wird dem Wärmeaustauscher 7 beispielsweise mittels Dampf von außen zugeführt und auf diese Weise in das Gemisch eingebracht. Innerhalb des Wärmeaustauschers 7 verdampft der Wasseranteil der eingesetzten Naßgrieben. Als Wärmeaustauscher wird ein Zwangsumlaufverdampfer eingesetzt, der mantelseitig mit Dampf beheizt wird, und dessen Temperatur in einem Bereich von etwa 70°C bis 160° C eingestellt werden kann.After mixing the fat used as heat carrier (beef tallow and / or lard) with the crushed Naßgrieben this mixture is introduced into a heat exchanger 7. The heat is the heat exchanger 7, for example supplied by steam from outside and in this way in introduced the mixture. Within the heat exchanger 7 the proportion of water in the wet grease used evaporates. When Heat exchanger, a forced circulation evaporator is used, the shell side is heated with steam, and its temperature be set in a range of about 70 ° C to 160 ° C can.

Das nunmehr vorgetrocknete bzw. getrocknete Gemisch wird dem Entspanner 8 zugeführt. Es wird ein Entspanner ohne Einbauten verwendet mit einer Schäldüse, wodurch der Wärmeträger in mehrere Teilströme aufgefächert wird. Im Entspanner 8 erfolgt die Trennung des Brüdendampfes 17 von dem im Gemisch enthaltenen Feststoffanteil. Unterhalb des Entspanners 8 teilt sich der Produktstrom auf. Ein Teilstrom 11 (Wärmeträgerstrom) wird dem Produktstrom entnommen und über eine Förderpumpe 12 dem Dekanter 13 zugefügt. Der Dekanter 13 kann hierbei bei Drehzahlen in einem Bereich von etwa 800 bis 8000 min-1, insbesondere in einem Bereich von etwa 1.500 bis 4.500 min-1, und mit Schleuderziffern in einem Bereich von etwa 400 bis 5000 betrieben werden. Er arbeitet bevorzugt im Gegenstromprinzip, Gleichstromprinzip ist aber auch möglich. Die dem Dekanter 13 über Förderelemente 21 entnommene Feststoffphase (Produkt) besteht aus Trockengrieben, die anfallende Fettphase kann zumindest teilweise über ein Rücklaufgefäß 14 einer Pumpe 15 und von dort über die Leitung 16 im Umlaufverfahren dem Mischer 6 zugeführt werden. Dieses Fett dient dann als Wärmeträger.The now pre-dried or dried mixture is fed to the expander 8. It is a decompressor without internals used with a peeling nozzle, whereby the heat carrier is fanned into several streams. In the expander 8, the separation of the Brüdendampfes 17 is carried out by the amount of solids contained in the mixture. Below the expander 8, the product stream is divided. A partial stream 11 (heat carrier stream) is taken from the product stream and added via a feed pump 12 to the decanter 13. The decanter 13 can be operated at speeds in a range of about 800 to 8000 min -1 , in particular in a range of about 1,500 to 4,500 min -1 , and with spin numbers in a range of about 400 to 5000. He works preferably in countercurrent principle, DC principle is also possible. The solid phase (product) removed from the decanter 13 via conveying elements 21 consists of dry grease, the resulting fatty phase can be fed to the mixer 6 at least partially via a return vessel 14 of a pump 15 and from there via the conduit 16. This grease then serves as a heat carrier.

Der übrige dem Entspanner 8 entnommene Produktstrom wird über eine Umlaufpumpe 9 dem wärmeaustauscher 7 (Fig. 1) über einen Rücklauf 10 oder aber auch dem Entspanner 8 (Fig. 2) zugeführt. Als Umlaufpumpe findet eine gewöhnliche Kreiselpumpe mit offenem Laufrad Verwendung, wobei das Verhältnis von Kreislaufstrom zum ausgetragenen Wärmeträgerstrom (Teilstrom 11) etwa 15:1 bis etwa 25:1 betragen kann, und bevorzugt 20:1 ist. Der Kreislaufstrom beträgt ca. 140 cbm/h, angepaßt an die erforderliche Verdampfungsleistung für ca. 1 Tonne Brüdendampf pro Stunde, der abgezweigte Wärmeträgerstrom beträgt etwa 7 cbm/h.The remaining product removed from the expander 8 product flow is about a circulation pump 9 the heat exchanger 7 (Fig. 1) via a Return 10 or even the expander 8 (Fig. 2) supplied. As a circulation pump finds a common centrifugal pump with open impeller use, the ratio of Circulating flow to the discharged heat transfer flow (partial flow 11) may be from about 15: 1 to about 25: 1, and preferably 20: 1 is. The circulation flow is about 140 cbm / h, adapted to the required evaporation power for about 1 ton of steam per hour, which is diverted heat transfer stream about 7 cbm / h.

Der dem Entspanner 8 entnommene Brüdendampf 17 wird über einen Kondensator 18 und einer Kondensatorpumpe 19 als Abwasser dem Kanal zugefügt. Hierbei arbeitet der Kondensator 18 mittels der Vakuumpumpe 20 unter Vakuumbedingungen.The removed from the expander 8 Brüdendampf 17 is a Capacitor 18 and a condenser pump 19 as wastewater added to the channel. In this case, the capacitor 18 works by means the vacuum pump 20 under vacuum conditions.

Hierdurch kann produktseitig in einem Bereich zwischen ca. 60°C bis ca. 150°C getrocknet werden. Die Vakuumpumpe ist in einem Bereich von 100 mbar bis 1 bar regelbar. Denkbar ist auch eine Trocknung im Überdruckbereich, wodurch dann der entstehende Brüdendampf zur weiteren Beheizung verwendet werden kann.As a result, on the product side in a range between approx. Be dried at 60 ° C to about 150 ° C. The vacuum pump is in a range from 100 mbar to 1 bar adjustable. It is conceivable also a drying in the overpressure range, whereby then the resulting Brüdendampf be used for further heating can.

Die sich aus dem Wärmeaustauscher 7, dem Entspanner 8 und dem Dekanter 13 im wesentlichen zusammensetzende Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens stellt einen Hochkonzentrator dar. Dieser kann unter Vakuumbedingungen betrieben werden, wodurch zum einen eine schonendere Behandlung der eingesetzten Naßgrieben und andererseits eine Verringerung der Geruchsbelästigung ermöglicht wird.The resulting from the heat exchanger 7, the expander 8 and the Decanter 13 substantially composite device for Implementation of the method according to the invention provides a High concentrator. This can be operated under vacuum conditions be, which on the one hand a gentler treatment the wet grease used and on the other hand, a reduction the odor nuisance is made possible.

Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist etliche anlagentechnische Vorteile gegenüber den üblicherweise verwendeten Scheibentrocknern auf. Durch die ausgesprochen hervorragenden Wärmeübergänge, welche in einer Anlage gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsformen möglich ist, kann diese Anlage kompakt ausgeführt werden und dabei relativ große Mengen an Ausgangsmaterialien verarbeiten. Es ist ein geschlossener Anlagenbetrieb möglich, gleichzeitig ist der sogenannte Inertgasanteil gering, wodurch nach der Kondensation geringe Abluftströme entstehen. Dadurch kann der nachgeschaltete Kondensator geringer dimensioniert werden. Insbesondere ist jedoch im Hinblick auf den Stand der Technik von Vorteil, daß mit einer derartigen Anlage die hohen bei Verwendung eines Scheibentrockners auftretenden Wärmeverluste vermieden werden. Aufgrund der geringen Inertgasanteils kann die Abwärme einer solchen Anlage in nachgeschalteten Anlagen besser eingekoppelt werden. Das dem Rücklaufgefäß 14 im Überschuß zu entnehmende Fett weist vorteilhafterweise eine ausgesprochen hohe Qualität auf. Des weiteren ist die Fettausbeute ausgesprochen hoch.The system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for implementation of the method according to the invention has a number of plant engineering Advantages over the commonly used disc dryers on. Due to the extremely excellent heat transfer, which in a plant according to the in Figs. 1 and 2 shown embodiments is possible, this facility be compact and relatively large quantities to process starting materials. It is a closed one Plant operation possible, at the same time is the so-called Inert gas content low, resulting in low after condensation Exhaust air flows arise. This allows the downstream capacitor be dimensioned smaller. In particular, however in view of the prior art advantage that with such a plant the high when using a Disc dryer occurring heat losses can be avoided. Due to the low inert gas, the waste heat such a system in downstream systems better coupled become. That the return vessel 14 in excess to taking away fat advantageously has a pronounced high quality. Furthermore, the fat yield is pronounced high.

Mittels der in der vorstehend beschriebenen Anlage wurde ein Produkt hergestellt. Hierbei wurde eine Tonne Naßgrieben, erhalten aus der Ausschmelzung von tierischen Rohstoffen von Schweinen und Rindern und Auftrennung der dabei anfallenden Phasen zu Trockengrieben (erfindungsgemäßes Trocknungsprodukt) verarbeitet. Hierbei wurde eine Temperatur des als Wärmeträger verwendeten Fettes von 135°C gewählt, welche über den Wärmeaustauscher 7 eingestellt und erreicht wird. Es wurde ein Vakuum von 800 Millibar absolut angelegt. Dabei wurde ein hellgelbes trockenes und nahezu fettfreies rieselfähiges Produkt aus dem Dekanter 13 ausgetragen. Das anfallende Fett, welches dem Rücklaufgefäß 14 entnommen wurde, hatte eine hellgelbe Farbe. Sowohl das erhaltene Fett als auch das Produkt waren so gut wie geruchsfrei.By means of the plant described above was a Product made. Here was a Ton of wet grease, obtained from the melting of animal Raw materials of pigs and cattle and separation the resulting phases to dryness (inventions Drying product) processed. This was a temperature of the grease used as heat carrier of 135 ° C, which is set and reached via the heat exchanger 7 becomes. A vacuum of 800 millibars was applied absolutely. It was a pale yellow dry and almost fat-free pourable product discharged from the decanter 13. The accumulating fat, which taken from the return vessel 14 was, had a pale yellow color. Both the obtained fat as well as the product were as good as odorless.

Das erhaltene Produkt wies einen mittleren Feuchtegehalt von ca. 3,8 Gewichts-% und einen mittleren Fettgehalt von 13,7 Gewichts-% auf. Der mittlere verwertbare Proteingehalt (BEFFE) betrug nahezu 65,4 Gewichts-%, der mittlere Anteil an Bindegewebseiweiß 27,2 Gewichts-% und der mittlere Gesamteiweißgehalt betrug 78,6 Gewichts-%. Ferner enthielt das Produkt 2,0 Gewichts-% Asche sowie in geringen Mengen sonstige Bestandteile. Die Verdaulichkeit betrugt 95%, der Phosphatgehalt (als P in mg/100g) 145, der Calciumgehalt (als Ca in mg/100 g) 18 und der Natriumgehalt (als Na in mg/100 g) 239.The product obtained had an average moisture content of about 3.8% by weight and an average fat content of 13.7 Weight% on. The mean usable protein content (BEFFE) was nearly 65.4% by weight, the average proportion connective tissue protein 27.2% by weight and the mean total protein content was 78.6% by weight. Further, the product contained 2.0% by weight of ash and in small quantities other Ingredients. The digestibility was 95%, the phosphate content (as P in mg / 100g) 145, the calcium content (as Ca in mg / 100 g) 18 and the sodium content (as Na in mg / 100 g) 239.

Claims (17)

  1. Method for drying particulate substances, namely poultry, beef and/or pork fats, in particular wet crackling, in particular consisting of beef and/or pork fats, beef meat fat, pork skin and/or pork skin covering fat and/or cuts, wherein
    in a first step the particulate substance is mixed with a heat carrier and heated in a heat exchanger (7);
    in a second step the product stream which is derived from the heat exchanger (7), comprising vapour (17) and a protein-containing product, is delivered to an expansion device (8), in which the vapour (17) is separated; and
    in a third step the mixture remaining in the expansion device (8) is delivered to a decanter (13);
    from which the protein-containing product is removed in a fourth step.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that a substance with a lower vapour pressure than water is used as the heat carrier.
  3. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that fats, in particular in the form of beef suet, pork lard and/or vegetable oils, are used as the heat carrier.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a heat carrier with a temperature in a range from 100 to 160°C, preferably 110 to 150°C, is used.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the fat and the heat carrier are mixed in a mixer (6) in the first step.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the fat is comminuted before being mixed with the heat carrier.
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterised in that the fat which is used is separated before and/or after the comminution of the particulate substances.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a partial stream (11) of the mixture remaining in the expansion device (8) is delivered to the decanter (13).
  9. Method according to Claim 8, characterised in that the partial stream (11) in a range from approximately 5 to 20 wt.%, related to the total quantity of the mixture, is delivered to the decanter.
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a pressure in the expansion device (8) in a range from approximately 100 millibars to 1 bar, preferably 500 to 900 millibars, is used.
  11. Drying product consisting of fats, comprising poultry, beef and/or pork fats, in particular wet crackling, in particular consisting of beef and/or pork fats, beef meat fat, pork skin and/or pork skin covering fat and/or cuts, produced according to the method according to Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it has an average usable protein content (BEFFE) of at least 60 wt.%, related to the total quantity of the product.
  12. Product according to Claim 11, characterised in that it has an average usable protein content (BEFFE) of at least approximately 65 wt.%.
  13. Product according to any one of the preceding Claims 11 and 12, characterised in that it has an average moisture content of a maximum of 4 wt.%, preferably an average moisture content in a range from approximately 0.5 to 3 wt.%, related to the total quantity of the product.
  14. Product according to any one of the preceding Claims 11 to 13, characterised in that it has an average ash content of a maximum of 5 wt.%, related to the total quantity of the product.
  15. Product according to any one of the preceding Claims 11 to 14, characterised in that it is obtained from wet crackling, in particular from beef and/or pork fats, from beef meat fat, pork skin and/or pork skin covering fat and/or cuts.
  16. Use of a product according to any one of the preceding Claims 11 to 15 as animal feed and/or animal feed additive and/or food and/or food additive.
  17. Device for carrying out a method according to Claims 1 to 10, comprising a heat exchanger (7), into which the particulate substance is introduced with a heat carrier as a mixture or is mixed in this, and an expansion device (8) which is disposed downstream and into which the product stream derived from the heat exchanger (7) is delivered via a delivery system, and wherein the vapour (17) is separated in the expansion device (8), also comprising a decanter (13) which is connected to the expansion device (8) via a delivery system and to which the mixture remaining after separating the vapour (17) is transferred, and a removal device for removing the protein-containing product which is obtained.
EP00956436A 1999-10-04 2000-08-11 Method for drying particulate substances or mixtures thereof Expired - Lifetime EP1218680B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19947847 1999-10-04
DE19947847A DE19947847A1 (en) 1999-10-04 1999-10-04 Product obtained from beef fats and / or pork fats and process for its manufacture
PCT/EP2000/007869 WO2001025708A1 (en) 1999-10-04 2000-08-11 Method for drying particulate substances or mixtures thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1218680A1 EP1218680A1 (en) 2002-07-03
EP1218680B1 true EP1218680B1 (en) 2005-05-25

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EP (1) EP1218680B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE296433T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6837900A (en)
DE (2) DE19947847A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001025708A1 (en)

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DE102021101934A1 (en) 2021-01-28 2022-07-28 SARVAL Fischermanns GmbH Process and device for the utilization of animal by-products

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CN100584221C (en) * 2006-02-14 2010-01-27 河南华英农业发展股份有限公司 Feed granulator capable of optimizing water content

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021101934A1 (en) 2021-01-28 2022-07-28 SARVAL Fischermanns GmbH Process and device for the utilization of animal by-products
DE102021101934B4 (en) 2021-01-28 2024-06-06 SARVAL Fischermanns GmbH Process and device for the utilization of animal by-products and use of the device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001025708A1 (en) 2001-04-12
DE50010413D1 (en) 2005-06-30
AU6837900A (en) 2001-05-10
ATE296433T1 (en) 2005-06-15
DE19947847A1 (en) 2001-04-19
EP1218680A1 (en) 2002-07-03

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