EP1214276A1 - Joining of cvd diamond bodies to metal structures - Google Patents
Joining of cvd diamond bodies to metal structuresInfo
- Publication number
- EP1214276A1 EP1214276A1 EP00951792A EP00951792A EP1214276A1 EP 1214276 A1 EP1214276 A1 EP 1214276A1 EP 00951792 A EP00951792 A EP 00951792A EP 00951792 A EP00951792 A EP 00951792A EP 1214276 A1 EP1214276 A1 EP 1214276A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cvd diamond
- ceramic body
- bonded
- metal
- supporting structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/121—Metallic interlayers based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/361—Boron nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/363—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/368—Silicon nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
- C04B2237/403—Refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
- C04B2237/407—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
- C04B2237/408—Noble metals, e.g. palladium, platina or silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
- C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube
Definitions
- THIS invention relates to the joining of a CVD diamond body, i.e. a diamond body formed by chemical vapour deposition, to a metal supporting structure.
- the invention relates to the joining of a CVD diamond window to a metal gyrotron viewport flange structure.
- a requirement in high power vacuum RF sources such as gyrotrons which provide up to 1 MW power in the millimetre wave band is for windows or viewports which are transparent to the radiation and able to maintain high vacuum conditions in the tube.
- High power gyrotrons of this type are predominantly used in nuclear fusion plasma research. In such applications the windows must be able to withstand pressure differentials of up to five atmospheres and to contain highly radioactive gases such as tritium.
- a method of joining a CVD diamond body to a metal supporting structure comprising the steps of bonding the CVD diamond body to a ceramic body having thermal expansion characteristics compatible with those of CVD diamond, bonding the ceramic body to a dimensionally compliant, intermediate metal element, and securing the intermediate metal element to the metal supporting structure.
- the intermediate metal element has thermal expansion characteristics between those of the ceramic body and the metal supporting structure.
- the method may, in one application of the invention, be used to join a CVD diamond window to the cylindrical metal structure, possibly an InconelTM cuff, in the flange of a gyrotron viewport.
- the method includes the steps of bonding, to a CVD diamond window at or towards the periphery thereof, a ring of ceramic material having thermal expansion characteristics compatible with those of CVD diamond, and bonding a ferrule to the ceramic ring and to the metal structure, the ferrule being of metal and having thermal expansion characteristics between those of the ceramic ring and the metal structure.
- the bonds between the CVD diamond and the ceramic and between the ceramic and the metal ferrule may be aluminium-based diffusion bonds. If the thermal expansion match between the CVD diamond and the ceramic ring is very close it is possible to join the two components using a high temperature braze before joining the ceramic ring to the metal ferrule using a lower temperature braze.
- the bond between the tantalum ferrule and the cuff may be provided by a high temperature braze.
- a CVD diamond to metal joint comprising a CVD diamond body, a ceramic body to which the CVD diamond body is bonded and which has thermal expansion characteristics compatible with those of CVD diamond, an intermediate, dimensionally compliant metal element to which the ceramic body is bonded, and a metal supporting structure to which the intermediate metal element is bonded.
- the intermediate metal element preferably has thermal expansion characteristics between those of the intermediate body and the metal supporting structure
- the joint may form part of the flange of a gyrotron viewport and the invention extends to such flange.
- the ceramic body may be of fused silica or any other suitable ceramic material having a sufficiently low coefficient of thermal expansion for thermal compatibility with CVD diamond, such as silicon nitride, boron nitride or the like.
- the ceramic body may itself be of diamond.
- the intermediate metal element may be of tantalum or other suitable metal having good dimensional compliance and thermal expansion characteristics between those of the ceramic material and the metal supporting structure, typical examples being copper, gold, platinum or the like.
- the ceramic body has a planar surface which is bonded to the CVD diamond body and a peripherally outer surface including a cylindrical region extending transversely to the planar surface and a conically tapered region, the metal element having a first portion which is complementally conically shaped and bonded to the conically tapered region and a second portion which extends alongside but is unconnected to the cylindrical region, the second portion being bonded to the metal supporting structure.
- the invention also extends to a method and joint in which opposite surfaces of a CVD diamond window are bonded to respective ceramic bodies, the ceramic bodies are bonded to respective, intermediate metal elements and each metal element is bonded to a metal support structure.
- Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a joint according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows an enlarged detail of the zone 2 in Figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 shows a double-sided joint according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a joint 10 according to this invention and diagrammatically illustrates relevant parts of the flange of a gyrotron viewport, also according to the invention.
- the numeral 12 indicates a cylindrical InconelTM cuff which is, in the assembled viewport flange, mounted within the bore of the flange. The remainder of the flange is not shown.
- a circular CVD diamond window 14 which may, for instance, have a diameter of up to 200mm and a thickness which typically does not exceed 2mm. As illustrated, the diameter of the window 14 is slightly greater than that of the cuff 12 and is located a short distance beneath the lower extremity of the cuff.
- a ceramic body 16 in this case an annular fused silica body of 10mm thickness, is bonded to a major surface of the window 14.
- the fused silica body 16 has an outer peripheral surface 18 composed of two regions 18.1 and 18.2.
- the region 18.2 is cylindrical in shape and extends normally to the planar surfaces of the window 14, while the region 18.1 is conically tapered as shown.
- the body 16 is bonded to the window 14 by means of an aluminium-based diffusion bond. This is achieved by diffusion bonding under pressure and a temperature which is typically less than 550°C.
- the joint 10 also includes an intermediate metal element, in this case in the form of a tantalum ferrule 20, which has a conically shaped portion 20.1 and a cylindrical portion 20.2.
- the portion 20.1 extends over and is bonded to the conically tapered surface region 18.1 of the fused silica body 16. This is once again typically achieved by means of an aluminium-based diffusion bond.
- the portion 20.2 extends alongside but is unconnected to the surface region 18.2 of the body 16 and is brazed by means of a high temperature braze to the lower extremity of the cuff 12.
- a small annular gap 22 is present between the portion 20.2 and the surface region 18.2.
- the ferrule 20 is prepared from tantalum by metal spinning to produced a thin-walled structure having a high degree of dimensional compliance.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of tantalum is approximately 6*10 "6 K '1 , which is between that of the fused silica of the body 16 and the InconelTM cuff. This, together with the physically compliant nature of the ferrule allows the fused silica body and the cuff to expand at different rates while limiting the build-up of stress between them.
- the complementary relationship between the profiles of the surface region 18.1 of the body 16 and of the ferrule portion 20.1 is advantageous in that with this geometry the body 16 and the ferrule can be bonded to one another under axial load which provides compression at the conical interface. This ensures that any residual stress components are not purely radial shear stresses which would tend to separate the components and also achieving a measure of mechanical keying between the components.
- the complemental mating of the ferrule and body 16 also allows for the use of the aforementioned aluminium-based diffusion bond to secure the components to one another.
- the use of a bond of this nature, requiring a temperature generally less than 550°C, is advantageous compared to high temperature gold or silver based brazes which require temperatures generally exceeding 750°C.
- an aluminium based diffusion bond takes place under pressure thereby reducing the chance of uneven melting and also reducing stresses.
- the aluminium based bond which is formed anneals during the subsequent bake-out treatment which is used in gyrotron preparation, and is therefore not unduly prone to hardening through thermal ageing or repeated plastic deformation.
- the CVD diamond window 14 and the fused silica body 16 have similar thermal expansion characteristics, at least up to 600°C, and so are thermally compatible with one another. It is accordingly possible to use an aluminium based diffusion bond to secure these components to one another as well, with the attendant advantages of such a bond as discussed above.
- An added advantage of the illustrated structure is that it allows the peripheral edge of the CVD diamond window 14 to project beyond the extremity of the cuff 12. In the context of a high power gyrotron, this allows the window to project into a cooling water channel for direct cooling purposes.
- the thermally compatible body 16 and the ferrule 20 reduces the thermal mismatch between the CVD diamond window 14 and the metal cuff 12. It is anticipated that the illustrated joint will be able to withstand sustained temperature cycling to 550°C without undue degradation and while still maintaining the integrity of the vacuum seal which is obtained and which is critical for a high power gyrotron application. It is envisaged that vacuum leak-up rates below 10 "9 mBar.ls "1 can be maintained with the illustrated joint.
- Figure 3 illustrates a double-sided joint according to the invention.
- the arrangement of cuff 12, body 16 and ferrule 20 is duplicated on both major surfaces of the CVD diamond window 14.
- An arrangement of this type is suitable when both sides of the window or viewport have special atmosphere or vacuum containment requirements as, for instance, in nuclear research reactors where one side of the window or viewport has to contain radioactive tritium at pressures possibly as high as 5 atmospheres while the other side is connected to a waveguide containing, for example, dry nitrogen.
- waveguide containing, for example, dry nitrogen for example, dry nitrogen.
- other suitable ceramic materials could be used for the body 16 and other suitable metals could be used for the ferrule 20.
- the CVD diamond window 14 is planar. It will however be understood that the principles of the invention are equally applicable to CVD diamond windows of other shapes, such as hemispherical.
- the CVD diamond window pre-treatment of the CVD diamond surfaces to which bonding is to take place, thereby to aid the bonding of the diffusion bond layer and provide greater adhesive strength and bond stability.
- the joint of the invention in a gyrotron viewport flange. Nevertheless it is within the scope of the invention for the joint to be used in other applications. For instance, with an optically flat CVD diamond window and an optically flat body 16 the invention could be used to provide a low distortion output coupler window for a high power laser.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9920384.6A GB9920384D0 (en) | 1999-08-28 | 1999-08-28 | Joining of cvd diamond bodies to metal structures |
GB9920384 | 1999-08-28 | ||
PCT/IB2000/001172 WO2001016051A1 (en) | 1999-08-28 | 2000-08-25 | Joining of cvd diamond bodies to metal structures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1214276A1 true EP1214276A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
Family
ID=10859973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00951792A Withdrawn EP1214276A1 (en) | 1999-08-28 | 2000-08-25 | Joining of cvd diamond bodies to metal structures |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1214276A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003508330A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6463700A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2383325A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9920384D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001016051A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0008051D0 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2000-05-24 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Composite diamond window |
DE10050810A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Process for producing an electron beam transparent window and an electron beam transparent window |
EP2401759B1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2015-04-01 | Pacific Aerospace And Electronics, Incorporated | Ceramic sealed transmissive substrate assemblies |
US9194189B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2015-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods of forming a cutting element for an earth-boring tool, a related cutting element, and an earth-boring tool including such a cutting element |
JP5868670B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2016-02-24 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | Holder device, chamber device, and extreme ultraviolet light generation device |
WO2024068732A1 (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Element Six Technologies Limited | Ceramic window assembly |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09175873A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-07-08 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Diamond assembly and its production |
FR2755129B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-11-27 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | METHOD FOR BINDING A DIAMOND SUBSTRATE TO AT LEAST ONE METAL SUBSTRATE |
-
1999
- 1999-08-28 GB GBGB9920384.6A patent/GB9920384D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 CA CA002383325A patent/CA2383325A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-25 EP EP00951792A patent/EP1214276A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-25 AU AU64637/00A patent/AU6463700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-25 WO PCT/IB2000/001172 patent/WO2001016051A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-25 JP JP2001519622A patent/JP2003508330A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0116051A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9920384D0 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
JP2003508330A (en) | 2003-03-04 |
AU6463700A (en) | 2001-03-26 |
WO2001016051A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
CA2383325A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
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Inventor name: SUSSMANN, RICARDO, SIMON Inventor name: HANKS, SIMON Inventor name: BRANDON, JOHN ROBERT |
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