EP1190493A1 - An arrangement in an electronics system - Google Patents
An arrangement in an electronics systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP1190493A1 EP1190493A1 EP00944544A EP00944544A EP1190493A1 EP 1190493 A1 EP1190493 A1 EP 1190493A1 EP 00944544 A EP00944544 A EP 00944544A EP 00944544 A EP00944544 A EP 00944544A EP 1190493 A1 EP1190493 A1 EP 1190493A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- port
- connector
- hybrid
- conductor
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
- H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a connector arrangement and a connector unit for an electronics system, preferably operating at radio frequency.
- a mobile radio base transceiver station normally comprises a number of transceivers, typically around ten to twenty units. Each transceiver unit performs transmission and reception of radio signals associated with a downlink channel and an uplink channel. By means of a combiner the transceiver units may share a common antenna unit.
- transceiver units are detachably connected to the other parts of the base transceiver system.
- a transceiver card slot may thus be empty. This allows transceiver units to be added or removed in order to increase or reduce the capacity of the system. It furthermore allows a defect transceiver unit to be quickly replaced, without necessarily interrupting transmission processes performed by other transceiver units.
- transceiver unit is replaced by a terminating unit when the base station is operating, reflections will still occur during a short time period, since disconnection and connection cannot normally be done simultaneously. The same is true if, for instance, a first transceiver unit, which may perhaps be defect, is replaced by a second transceiver unit.
- an object is therefore to provide an arrangement in a radio frequency equipment for detachably connecting a first conductor, connected to one unit in the equipment, to a second conductor, connected to another unit in the equipment, with improved radio frequency performance.
- Another object is to provide a connector arrangement that is easy to use and inexpensive to build.
- a connector arrangement for detachably connecting a first conductor to a second conductor where the first conductor is connected to a port of a first hybrid element and the second conductor is connected to a port of a second hybrid element.
- Each of the hybrid elements are designed so that a signal inputted at the port from the conductor is split equally and transmitted to two other ports of the respective hybrid. The signal transmitted to one of these ports is phase shifted an odd multiple of 90 degrees more than the signal appearing at the other port. The same is true in the opposite direction, since the hybrid element is reciprocal.
- These four ports, respectively, are connected to connector elements.
- the connector elements of the first hybrid mates with the connector elements of the second hybrid in such a manner that a signal travelling from the first to the second conductor is split into signal components that are added in- phase at the second conductor.
- the first and second hybrid elements are 90 degree hybrid circuits. This results in a simple connector arrangement with suitable bandwidth that may be realised by means of inexpensive standard components.
- first hybrid and/or the second hybrid element has fourth port connected to a resistive element terminating any signals reflected at the connector elements. This allows the reflected energy to be absorbed at a distance from the hybrid element.
- the first or second hybrid element is devised as a microstrip branchline hybrid. This results in a cost effective arrangement that is relatively simple to manufacture.
- the first or second hybrid element is devised as a stripline branchline hybrid. Such a circuit radiates very little energy to surrounding circuits.
- the first or second hybrid element is devised as a waveguide hybrid. This allows the arrangement to be used at high frequencies and with low losses .
- the first hybrid element is devised as a Wilkinson divider having a splitter input and two splitter outputs, wherein the splitter input is connected to the first port, a first splitter output is connected to a second port and the second splitter output is connected to a third port via a ⁇ /4 phase shifting unit.
- a Wilkinson divider having a splitter input and two splitter outputs, wherein the splitter input is connected to the first port, a first splitter output is connected to a second port and the second splitter output is connected to a third port via a ⁇ /4 phase shifting unit.
- an object is to provide a connector unit with improved radio frequency characteristics.
- a connector unit for detachably connecting a conductor to a functional unit, involving a hybrid element with first, second and third ports.
- a radio frequency signal within a predetermined frequency band, inputted at the first port is outputted with substantially equal signal strength at the second port and at the third port.
- the signal outputted at the third port is phase shifted an odd multiple of 90 degrees more than the signal outputted at the second port when said conductor is connected to and matched with the functional unit.
- the first port is connected to the conductor, the second port is connected to a first connector element and the third port is connected to a second connector element.
- the first and second connector elements mates with connectors of said functional unit. This results in a connector unit automatically terminating reflections when it is disconnected.
- the connector unit is matched as seen from the conductor regardless of whether it is connected to another unit or not.
- the connector arrangement is the characterised as it appears from the characterising portions of claims 1-7.
- the connector unit is then characterised as it appears from the characterising portion of claim 8.
- Figure 1 illustrates a number of transceiver units connected to a base station system in accordance with prior art.
- FIG. 2 illustrates transceiver units connected to a base station system in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates a microstrip branchline design of a 90 degree hybrid circuit.
- Figure 4 illustrates, schematically, a Wilkinson divider devised as a 90 degree hybrid circuit.
- Figure 5 illustrates a waveguide design of a 90 degree hybrid circuit.
- FIG 1 illustrates a number of transceiver units connected to a base station system in accordance with prior art.
- the transceiver units are coupled to a common combiner network 102 and may therefore share a common antenna unit 103, as is well known in the art.
- the combiner network 102 is designed to accommodate seven transceiver units. Since only six units lOla-lOlf are needed one transceiver slot is instead provided with a terminating unit 104, connected via a connector arrangement 105.
- Figure 2 illustrates, schematically, two transceiver units 201a, 201b connected to a base station system 202 by means of connector arrangements in accordance with the invention. It should be noted that the scope of the invention is not limited to this particular application.
- a connector arrangement in accordance with the invention, as well as a connector unit suitable for such a connector arrangement is useful at numerous RF applications where a conductor is detachably connected to a functional unit and where reflections should be avoided.
- a conductor is then generally a means for transporting electrical energy, such as a pair cable, a coaxial cable, a microstrip, a stripline or a waveguide .
- the first conductor 203 is then connected to a first port
- the signal thus applied is equally split and transmitted to second and third ports 207, 208 of the first hybrid element 206. Since the hybrid element in this case is a 90 degrees hybrid circuit, the signal appearing at the third port 208 of the hybrid element
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the inputted signal, which should be within a frequency band for which the hybrid element 206 is designed.
- phase shift between the outputs is WO 00/79695 ⁇ PCT/SEOO/01281
- the second port 207 is connected to a first connector element 209, which mates with a third connector element 211, belonging to the a transceiver unit 201a.
- the third port 208 is connected to a second connector element 210, which similarly mates with a fourth connector element 212 belonging to the same transceiver unit 201a.
- a second hybrid element 213 is placed in the transceiver unit 201a. It has a first port 214 connected to the second conductor 204, a second port 215 connected to the fourth connector element 212 and a third port 216 connected to the third connector element 211. Signals inputted at the second and third ports 215, 216 will be added to each other at the first port 214. Before this occurs, however, they are phase shifted. The signal originating from the third port 216 is phase shifted 90 degrees more than the signal originating from the second port 212.
- a signal inputted at the first port 205 of the first hybrid element 206 is equally split into two signal components, which are transmitted over two separate branches and which are added in-phase at the first port 214 of the second hybrid element.
- a first resistive element 217 is connected to a fourth port 218 of the first hybrid element 206 and a second resistive element 219 is connected to a fourth port 220 of the second hybrid element 213.
- impedances in the circuit are matched no energy will be terminated in the resistive elements 217, 219.
- resistive elements are integrated into the hybrid, which results in a three-port hybrid.
- FIG. 2 Depicted in figure 2 is also a case when a transceiver slot 221 is empty. Then a signal is inputted from a third conductor 222 to a first port 223 of a third hybrid element 224. The signal is equally split and transmitted to the second and third ports 225, 226, where it is fully reflected at the associated connector elements 227, 228. At the first port 223 these reflections are added out of phase, since the difference in phase between them is now 180 degrees. Therefore no reflected component is transmitted to the third conductor 222. At a fourth port 230, however, the reflected components are added in phase, and the reflected energy is therefore terminated in a resistive element 228 connected to this port.
- Figure 3 illustrates a microstrip branchline design of a 90 degree hybrid circuit 300.
- the circuit is then devised as an etched pattern on top of a dielectric medium. On the opposite side of this dielectric medium a ground plane is formed.
- This hybrid circuit 300 is reciprocal. For clarity reasons it is nevertheless useful to define one port 301 of the hybrid as the input port. If the circuit is utilised in a manner according to the invention a first output port 302 is connected to a first connector element (not shown) as mentioned above. Similarly a second output port 303 is connected to a second connector element (not shown) . An isolated port 304 should be connected via a resistive element 305 to ground.
- the ports In order to operate in a matched manner the ports should have a width adjusted so that they have a characteristic impedance Z 0 , corresponding to the characteristic impedance of associated transmission lines.
- a first bridge element 306 interconnects the first and the second ports 301, 302 and a second bridge element 307 interconnects the third and fourth ports 303, 304. These elements should be somewhat wider so that their characteristic impedance is Z 0 /V2. They should have a length corresponding to ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the signal that is to be transmitted.
- a third bridge element 308 interconnects the first and the fourth ports 301, 304 and a fourth bridge element 309 interconnects the third and second ports 303, 302.
- These elements should have a width so that their characteristic impedance is Z 0 . They should have a length corresponding to ⁇ /4. If a signal with the wavelength ⁇ is inputted at the input port 301 this signal appears on both outputs 302, 303. The signal outputted at the second output 303, however, is phase shifted ⁇ /4 more than the signal outputted at the second output 302.
- microstrip circuit is relatively simple to manufacture. It is also possible to produce a branchline circuit in stripline technique, which results in very little energy radiated from the circuit during operation. This involves among other things introducing an extra earth-plane in the circuit as is well known to the person skilled in the art .
- Figure 4 illustrates, schematically, a Wilkinson divider devised as a 90 degree hybrid circuit 400.
- This embodiments involves a splitter input port 401, a first splitter output port 402 and a second splitter output port 403.
- a delay element 404 is applied at the first output port 402, that phase-shifts signals passing therethrough 1/4 wavelength.
- An internal resistor 405 is connected between the branches of the divider in order to render the divider matched.
- Wilkinson divider is used in a connector arrangement in accordance with the invention this resistor 405 terminates all reflected energy when the connector elements are disconnected.
- Figure 5 illustrates a waveguide design of a 90 degree hybrid circuit 500.
- an opening is provided in the top of the hybrid.
- the hybrid involves an input port 501 , a first output port 502 and a second output port 503.
- recesses 504, 505 are formed in the respective waveguides and the wall 506 between them involves an opening 507.
- a terminated port 508 is provided with a resistive element 509, absorbing any energy reflected at the outputs.
- the hybrid is also provided with a connector 510 at the output ports 502, 503.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9902376A SE517056C2 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 1999-06-22 | Arrangements in an electronics system |
SE9902376 | 1999-06-22 | ||
PCT/SE2000/001281 WO2000079695A1 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-06-16 | An arrangement in an electronics system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1190493A1 true EP1190493A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
EP1190493B1 EP1190493B1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
Family
ID=20416200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00944544A Expired - Lifetime EP1190493B1 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-06-16 | A connector arrangement in an electronics system |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1190493B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003502932A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1357176A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE358359T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5862900A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60034124T2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE517056C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000079695A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6053134B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-12-27 | 古野電気株式会社 | High frequency distributor |
JP6118557B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-04-19 | 古野電気株式会社 | High frequency transducer |
FR3005210B1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-09-30 | Thales Sa | DISTRIBUTED POWER CIRCUIT FOR ANTENNA BEAM FORMING NETWORK |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4583061A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1986-04-15 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency power divider/combiner networks |
US4673898A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-06-16 | Advanced Systems Research, Inc. | Wide band quadrature hybrid |
IT1222799B (en) * | 1987-10-01 | 1990-09-12 | Gte Telecom Spa | HYBRID CIRCUIT AQ WIDE BAND MICROWAVE WITH OUTPUTS IN PHASE OR IN COUNTERPHASE |
US4896123A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-01-23 | Mini Circuits | Quadraphase modulator |
FI83003C (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1991-05-10 | Telenokia Oy | 180-GRADS HYBRIDKOPPLING. |
JPH04111501A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1992-04-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Directional coupler |
JPH0878916A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-22 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Directional coupler |
JP3078488B2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2000-08-21 | 電気興業株式会社 | Phase shifter |
JPH10270958A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power synthesis amplifier |
-
1999
- 1999-06-22 SE SE9902376A patent/SE517056C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-06-16 WO PCT/SE2000/001281 patent/WO2000079695A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-06-16 CN CN00809334.2A patent/CN1357176A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-16 JP JP2001504602A patent/JP2003502932A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-16 AU AU58629/00A patent/AU5862900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-16 DE DE60034124T patent/DE60034124T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-16 EP EP00944544A patent/EP1190493B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-16 AT AT00944544T patent/ATE358359T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0079695A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5862900A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
EP1190493B1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
SE9902376L (en) | 2000-12-23 |
DE60034124D1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
JP2003502932A (en) | 2003-01-21 |
DE60034124T2 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
ATE358359T1 (en) | 2007-04-15 |
SE517056C2 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
WO2000079695A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
CN1357176A (en) | 2002-07-03 |
SE9902376D0 (en) | 1999-06-22 |
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