EP1188502A1 - Holding structure for casting stopper - Google Patents
Holding structure for casting stopper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1188502A1 EP1188502A1 EP00120332A EP00120332A EP1188502A1 EP 1188502 A1 EP1188502 A1 EP 1188502A1 EP 00120332 A EP00120332 A EP 00120332A EP 00120332 A EP00120332 A EP 00120332A EP 1188502 A1 EP1188502 A1 EP 1188502A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- long stopper
- stopper
- holding rod
- protrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
- B22D41/18—Stopper-rods therefor
- B22D41/186—Stopper-rods therefor with means for injecting a fluid into the melt
Definitions
- This invention relates to a holding structure for a long stopper used in continuous casting.
- the continuous casting long stopper will hereinafter be referred to as "long stopper.”
- an insert screw brick t or a spindle u is conventionally used when a long stopper s is held on a holding rod r, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
- the screw brick t or the spindle u is screwed so that the long stopper s is connected to the holding rod r.
- a lock nut w is screwed down on the rod r to lock the long stopper s.
- a gap between a female screw x of the long stopper s and the screw brick t or the spindle u is filled with mortar y serving both a sealing material and a cushioning material.
- a pin z is driven into holes formed across the long stopper s and the rod r respectively as shown in FIG. 7C.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a holding structure for a continuous casting long stopper which can simplify replacement of the long stopper, provide a stable engagement between the long stopper and the holding rod, prevent disengagement during operation, and be applied to the long stopper of the gas blowing type.
- the present invention provides a holding structure for a continuous casting long stopper, comprising a continuous casting long stopper including a shaft insertion hole formed in an upper end thereof, a protrusion insertion groove contiguous to and axially opposed to the shaft insertion hole, and a horizontal engagement groove contiguous to a lower end of the protrusion insertion groove, and a holding rod including a shaft inserted into the shaft insertion hole, the shaft having a lower end on which a radially protruding locking protrusion is formed, characterized in that after the shaft of the holding rod is inserted into the shaft insertion hole such that the locking protrusion reaches the protrusion insertion groove, the locking protrusion is caused to engage the engagement groove by rotation of either the shaft of the holding rod or the long stopper relative to the other.
- the shaft of the holding rod is inserted into the shaft insertion hole of the long stopper, and the locking protrusion is inserted into the protrusion insertion groove to reach its lower end.
- Either the shaft or the long stopper is rotated relative to the other so that the locking protrusion engages the engagement groove, whereby the long stopper is attached to the holding rod.
- either the shaft or the long stopper is rotated relative to the other so that the locking protrusion disengages from the engagement groove. Consequently, since the long stopper is attached to and detached from the holding rod with ease, the long stopper can easily be replaced by a new one.
- the holding rod includes a flange fixed thereto, the long stopper has an upper end face, and the holding rod is provided with a coil spring disposed between the flange and the upper end face of the long stopper. Consequently, an axially urging force of the coil spring can firmly engage the locking protrusion with the engagement groove.
- the holding rod includes a ring fitted with the shaft thereof and having a detent pin mounted thereon so as to extend axially with respect to the holding rod.
- the flange has a detent pin insertion hole which is in alignment with the protrusion insertion groove of the long stopper when the locking protrusion of the holding rod is in engagement with the engagement groove of the long stopper.
- the detent pin has a lower end inserted into the protrusion insertion groove of the long stopper. In this structure, the lower end of the detent pin is inserted into the insertion groove of the long stopper so that rotation of the holding rod is prevented. Consequently, even when the long stopper is repeatedly subjected to an axial shock or impact during operation, the rotation of either the rod or the long stopper relative to the other can be prevented, whereupon the engagement protrusion can be prevented from disengaging from the engagement groove.
- the long stopper has a stopper head formed with a through hole through which a gas is caused to blow out of the stopper head. Consequently, the holding structure can be applied to long stoppers of the inert gas blowing type.
- a holding rod 1 includes a central collar 2, a female screw 3 extending upward from the collar, and a shaft 4 extending downward from the collar.
- a ring 5 which abuts the collar 2 is inserted from a lower end of the rod 1.
- the ring 5 has a pair of detent pins 6 radially opposed to each other and protruding downward.
- a flange 8 is welded to the shaft 4 of the rod 1.
- the flange 8 has two detent pin insertion holes 7 into which the detent pins 6 are inserted respectively.
- a spring seat 9 is loosely fitted with the rod 1 so as to be opposed to the flange 8.
- a coil spring 10 is provided between the flange 8 and the spring seat 9.
- the coil spring 10 has both ends welded to the flange 8 and the spring seat 9 respectively.
- the spring seat 9 is also formed with two insertion holes 9a into which the detent pins 6 are inserted respectively.
- the shaft 4 of the rod 1 has on its lower end a pair of radially protruding locking protrusions 11.
- a long stopper 12 includes a lower end formed into a generally spindle-shaped stopper head 13.
- the long stopper 12 has in its upper end a shaft insertion hole 14.
- the shaft 4 of the rod 1 is inserted into the shaft insertion hole 14.
- the shaft insertion hole 14 has two protrusion insertion grooves 15 formed to be radially opposed thereto.
- the locking protrusions 11 of the rod 1 are inserted into the protrusion insertion grooves 15 respectively.
- Each protrusion insertion groove 15 has a lower end formed with a horizontal engagement groove 16 circumferentially contiguous thereto.
- a cushioning member 17 is mounted on an upper end of the long stopper 12. The cushioning member 17 has a hole 18 corresponding to the insertion holes 14 and 15.
- the protrusions 11 of the shaft 4 are inserted into the respective protrusion insertion holes 15 of the long stopper 12, and the shaft 4 is inserted into the insertion hole 14 while the upper end face of the long stopper 12 and the spring seat 9 are caused to come close to each other so that the coil spring 10 is compressed.
- the protrusions 11 reach lower ends of the protrusion insertion holes 15 respectively, either the shaft 4 or the long stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that the protrusions 11 are caused to engage the respective grooves 16 as shown in FIG. 5.
- an axially urging force of the coil spring 10 located between the upper end face of the long stopper 12 and the flange 8 renders the engagement of the protrusions 11 with the respective grooves 16 firm and stable.
- the insertion grooves 15, the insertion holes 7 and the insertion holes 9a are in phase or alignment with one another. Accordingly, the lower ends of the detent pins 6 provided on the ring 5 are inserted through the insertion holes 7 of the flange 8, the insertion holes 9a of the spring seat 9 and the insertion grooves 15 respectively, whereupon the rod 1 and the long stopper 12 can be prevented from rotation relative to each other.
- the detent pins 6 are pulled out through the insertion holes 7 and 9a and insertion grooves 15 respectively. Thereafter, either the shaft 4 or the long stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that the protrusions 11 are caused to disengage from the respective grooves 16 and the shaft 4 is pulled out of the insertion hole 14.
- either the shaft 4 of the holding rod 1 or the long stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that the rod is attached to and detached from the long stopper 12. Consequently, the long stopper can easily be replaced by a new one. Furthermore, since the coil spring 10 is provided between the upper end face of the long stopper 12 and the flange 8, the axial urging force of the coil spring renders the engagement of the protrusions 11 with the respective grooves 16 firm and stable. Furthermore, the lower ends of the detent pins 6 having passed through the detent pin insertion grooves 7 are inserted into the protrusion insertion grooves 15 for the purpose of preventing rotation of either the rod 1 or the long stopper 12 relative to the other.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate different long stoppers 12a to 12d of the inner gas blowing type respectively.
- the present invention can be applied to each of the illustrated long stoppers.
- the long stopper 12a has a gas blowing hole 21 formed in the distal end of the stopper head 13.
- the long stopper 12b has a plurality of gas blowing holes 21. In each long stopper, large bubbles can be produced by the blown gas.
- the long stopper 12c includes a porous plug 22 fitted in the gas blowing hole 21.
- the long stopper 12d has gas blowing slits 23 formed in the distal end of the stopper head 13. In each case, small bubbles can be produced by the blown gas.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a holding structure for a long stopper used in continuous casting. The continuous casting long stopper will hereinafter be referred to as "long stopper."
- In the prior art, an insert screw brick t or a spindle u is conventionally used when a long stopper s is held on a holding rod r, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. The screw brick t or the spindle u is screwed so that the long stopper s is connected to the holding rod r. Thereafter, a lock nut w is screwed down on the rod r to lock the long stopper s. A gap between a female screw x of the long stopper s and the screw brick t or the spindle u is filled with mortar y serving both a sealing material and a cushioning material. Furthermore, a pin z is driven into holes formed across the long stopper s and the rod r respectively as shown in FIG. 7C.
- In the above-described screwed type, however, mortar adherent to an outer circumference of the screw brick t or the spindle u needs to be removed away every time the long stopper s is replaced. The removing work is troublesome and time-consuming. Furthermore, the pin z needs to be driven into and out of holes of the long stopper s and the rod r every time the long stopper is replaced. Particularly when the long stopper s is of the gas blowing type, sealing against air is rendered incomplete.
- Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a holding structure for a continuous casting long stopper which can simplify replacement of the long stopper, provide a stable engagement between the long stopper and the holding rod, prevent disengagement during operation, and be applied to the long stopper of the gas blowing type.
- The present invention provides a holding structure for a continuous casting long stopper, comprising a continuous casting long stopper including a shaft insertion hole formed in an upper end thereof, a protrusion insertion groove contiguous to and axially opposed to the shaft insertion hole, and a horizontal engagement groove contiguous to a lower end of the protrusion insertion groove, and a holding rod including a shaft inserted into the shaft insertion hole, the shaft having a lower end on which a radially protruding locking protrusion is formed, characterized in that after the shaft of the holding rod is inserted into the shaft insertion hole such that the locking protrusion reaches the protrusion insertion groove, the locking protrusion is caused to engage the engagement groove by rotation of either the shaft of the holding rod or the long stopper relative to the other.
- According to the above-described structure, the shaft of the holding rod is inserted into the shaft insertion hole of the long stopper, and the locking protrusion is inserted into the protrusion insertion groove to reach its lower end. Either the shaft or the long stopper is rotated relative to the other so that the locking protrusion engages the engagement groove, whereby the long stopper is attached to the holding rod. When the long stopper is to be detached from the holding rod, either the shaft or the long stopper is rotated relative to the other so that the locking protrusion disengages from the engagement groove. Consequently, since the long stopper is attached to and detached from the holding rod with ease, the long stopper can easily be replaced by a new one.
- In a preferred form, the holding rod includes a flange fixed thereto, the long stopper has an upper end face, and the holding rod is provided with a coil spring disposed between the flange and the upper end face of the long stopper. Consequently, an axially urging force of the coil spring can firmly engage the locking protrusion with the engagement groove.
- In another preferred form, the holding rod includes a ring fitted with the shaft thereof and having a detent pin mounted thereon so as to extend axially with respect to the holding rod. Furthermore, the flange has a detent pin insertion hole which is in alignment with the protrusion insertion groove of the long stopper when the locking protrusion of the holding rod is in engagement with the engagement groove of the long stopper. Additionally, the detent pin has a lower end inserted into the protrusion insertion groove of the long stopper. In this structure, the lower end of the detent pin is inserted into the insertion groove of the long stopper so that rotation of the holding rod is prevented. Consequently, even when the long stopper is repeatedly subjected to an axial shock or impact during operation, the rotation of either the rod or the long stopper relative to the other can be prevented, whereupon the engagement protrusion can be prevented from disengaging from the engagement groove.
- In further another preferred form, the long stopper has a stopper head formed with a through hole through which a gas is caused to blow out of the stopper head. Consequently, the holding structure can be applied to long stoppers of the inert gas blowing type.
- The invention will be described, merely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away front view of a holding rod of the holding structure of an embodiment in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a long stopper;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of holding rod on which the long stopper is held;
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 6A to 6D schematically show other long stoppers; and
- FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C schematically show conventional holding structures respectively.
-
- One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, a holding rod 1 includes a
central collar 2, afemale screw 3 extending upward from the collar, and ashaft 4 extending downward from the collar. Aring 5 which abuts thecollar 2 is inserted from a lower end of the rod 1. Thering 5 has a pair ofdetent pins 6 radially opposed to each other and protruding downward. Aflange 8 is welded to theshaft 4 of the rod 1. Theflange 8 has two detentpin insertion holes 7 into which thedetent pins 6 are inserted respectively. Aspring seat 9 is loosely fitted with the rod 1 so as to be opposed to theflange 8. Acoil spring 10 is provided between theflange 8 and thespring seat 9. Thecoil spring 10 has both ends welded to theflange 8 and thespring seat 9 respectively. Thespring seat 9 is also formed with twoinsertion holes 9a into which thedetent pins 6 are inserted respectively. Theshaft 4 of the rod 1 has on its lower end a pair of radially protrudinglocking protrusions 11. - Referring now to FIG. 2, a
long stopper 12 includes a lower end formed into a generally spindle-shaped stopper head 13. Thelong stopper 12 has in its upper end ashaft insertion hole 14. Theshaft 4 of the rod 1 is inserted into theshaft insertion hole 14. Theshaft insertion hole 14 has twoprotrusion insertion grooves 15 formed to be radially opposed thereto. Thelocking protrusions 11 of the rod 1 are inserted into theprotrusion insertion grooves 15 respectively. Eachprotrusion insertion groove 15 has a lower end formed with ahorizontal engagement groove 16 circumferentially contiguous thereto. When reaching the lower ends of theprotrusion insertion grooves 15, thelocking protrusions 11 are caused to engage therespective engagement grooves 16 by rotation of either theshaft 4 or thelong stopper 12 relative to the other. When thelocking protrusions 11 are in engagement with therespective grooves 16, the protrusion insertion grooves 15, the detentpin insertion holes 7 and theinsertion holes 9a are in phase or alignment with one another. Acushioning member 17 is mounted on an upper end of thelong stopper 12. Thecushioning member 17 has ahole 18 corresponding to theinsertion holes - When the
long stopper 12 is to be attached to the rod 1, theprotrusions 11 of theshaft 4 are inserted into the respectiveprotrusion insertion holes 15 of thelong stopper 12, and theshaft 4 is inserted into theinsertion hole 14 while the upper end face of thelong stopper 12 and thespring seat 9 are caused to come close to each other so that thecoil spring 10 is compressed. When theprotrusions 11 reach lower ends of theprotrusion insertion holes 15 respectively, either theshaft 4 or thelong stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that theprotrusions 11 are caused to engage therespective grooves 16 as shown in FIG. 5. At this time, an axially urging force of thecoil spring 10 located between the upper end face of thelong stopper 12 and theflange 8 renders the engagement of theprotrusions 11 with therespective grooves 16 firm and stable. When theprotrusions 11 are in engagement with therespective grooves 16 as shown in FIG. 3, theinsertion grooves 15, theinsertion holes 7 and theinsertion holes 9a are in phase or alignment with one another. Accordingly, the lower ends of thedetent pins 6 provided on thering 5 are inserted through theinsertion holes 7 of theflange 8, theinsertion holes 9a of thespring seat 9 and theinsertion grooves 15 respectively, whereupon the rod 1 and thelong stopper 12 can be prevented from rotation relative to each other. - When the
long stopper 12 is to be detached from the rod 1 to be replaced by a new one, thedetent pins 6 are pulled out through theinsertion holes insertion grooves 15 respectively. Thereafter, either theshaft 4 or thelong stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that theprotrusions 11 are caused to disengage from therespective grooves 16 and theshaft 4 is pulled out of theinsertion hole 14. - According to the above-described holding structure, either the
shaft 4 of the holding rod 1 or thelong stopper 12 is rotated relative to the other so that the rod is attached to and detached from thelong stopper 12. Consequently, the long stopper can easily be replaced by a new one. Furthermore, since thecoil spring 10 is provided between the upper end face of thelong stopper 12 and theflange 8, the axial urging force of the coil spring renders the engagement of theprotrusions 11 with therespective grooves 16 firm and stable. Furthermore, the lower ends of the detent pins 6 having passed through the detentpin insertion grooves 7 are inserted into theprotrusion insertion grooves 15 for the purpose of preventing rotation of either the rod 1 or thelong stopper 12 relative to the other. Consequently, even when thelong stopper 12 is repeatedly subjected to an axial shock or impact during operation, the rotation of either the rod 1 or thelong stopper 12 relative to the other can be prevented, whereupon theprotrusions 11 can be prevented from disengaging from therespective grooves 16. - FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate different
long stoppers 12a to 12d of the inner gas blowing type respectively. The present invention can be applied to each of the illustrated long stoppers. Thelong stopper 12a has agas blowing hole 21 formed in the distal end of thestopper head 13. Thelong stopper 12b has a plurality of gas blowing holes 21. In each long stopper, large bubbles can be produced by the blown gas. Thelong stopper 12c includes aporous plug 22 fitted in thegas blowing hole 21. Thelong stopper 12d has gas blowing slits 23 formed in the distal end of thestopper head 13. In each case, small bubbles can be produced by the blown gas. - The foregoing description and drawings are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not to be construed in a limiting sense. Various changes and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such changes and modifications are seen to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
- A holding structure for a continuous casting long stopper, comprising a continuous casting long stopper (12) including a shaft insertion hole (14) formed in an upper end thereof, a protrusion insertion groove (15) contiguous to and axially opposed to the shaft insertion hole (14), and a horizontal engagement groove (16) contiguous to a lower end of the protrusion insertion groove (15), and a holding rod (1) including a shaft (4) inserted into the shaft insertion hole (14), the shaft (4) having a lower end on which a radially protruding locking protrusion (11) is formed, characterized in that after the shaft (4) of the holding rod (1) is inserted into the shaft insertion hole (14) such that the locking protrusion (11) reaches the protrusion insertion groove (15), the locking protrusion (11) is caused to engage the engagement groove (16) by rotation of either the shaft (4) of the holding rod (1) or the long stopper (12) relative to the other.
- The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding rod (1) includes a flange (8) fixed thereto, the long stopper (12) has an upper end face, and the holding rod (1) is provided with a coil spring (10) disposed between the flange (8) and the upper end face of the long stopper (12).
- The structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding rod (1) includes a ring (5) fitted with the shaft (4) thereof and having a detent pin (6) mounted thereon so as to extend axially with respect to the holding rod (1), that the flange (8) has a detent pin insertion hole (9a) which is in alignment with the protrusion insertion groove (15) of the long stopper (12) when the locking protrusion (11) of the holding rod (1) is in engagement with the engagement groove (16) of the long stopper (12), and that the detent pin (6) has a lower end inserted into the protrusion insertion groove (15) of the long stopper (12).
- The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the long stopper (12) has a stopper head (13) formed with a through hole (21) through which a gas is caused to blow out of the stopper head (13).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002319290A CA2319290A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Holding structure for continuous casting long stopper |
EP00120332A EP1188502B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-15 | Holding structure for casting stopper |
DE2000617398 DE60017398T2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2000-09-15 | Mounting device for stopper rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002319290A CA2319290A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Holding structure for continuous casting long stopper |
EP00120332A EP1188502B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-15 | Holding structure for casting stopper |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1188502A1 true EP1188502A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1188502B1 EP1188502B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=25682078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00120332A Expired - Lifetime EP1188502B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-15 | Holding structure for casting stopper |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1188502B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2319290A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1621270A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-01 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | An elongated stopper device |
EP2572813A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-27 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Ceramic refractory stopper |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3281904A (en) * | 1958-09-08 | 1966-11-01 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | Stopper for a ladle or similar receptacle |
DE4028793A1 (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-03-12 | Didier Werke Ag | Metallurgical vessel plug holder - has lock nut on carrier tube with projections extending into recesses to give pressure at sealing surfaces |
DE19823988A1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-09 | Didier Werke Ag | Stopper for the closure of containers holding molten metal |
-
2000
- 2000-09-14 CA CA002319290A patent/CA2319290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-15 EP EP00120332A patent/EP1188502B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3281904A (en) * | 1958-09-08 | 1966-11-01 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | Stopper for a ladle or similar receptacle |
DE4028793A1 (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-03-12 | Didier Werke Ag | Metallurgical vessel plug holder - has lock nut on carrier tube with projections extending into recesses to give pressure at sealing surfaces |
DE19823988A1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-09 | Didier Werke Ag | Stopper for the closure of containers holding molten metal |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1621270A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-01 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | An elongated stopper device |
WO2006012975A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-09 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | An elongated stopper device |
CN100384570C (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2008-04-30 | 里弗雷克特里知识产权两合公司 | An elongated stopper device |
EP2572813A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-27 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Ceramic refractory stopper |
RU2570681C2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-12-10 | Рифрэктори Интеллектчуал Проперти Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг | Ceramic fire-resistant lock |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1188502B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
CA2319290A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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