EP1179123A1 - Element chauffant pour chauffer des gaz en ecoulement - Google Patents

Element chauffant pour chauffer des gaz en ecoulement

Info

Publication number
EP1179123A1
EP1179123A1 EP00941963A EP00941963A EP1179123A1 EP 1179123 A1 EP1179123 A1 EP 1179123A1 EP 00941963 A EP00941963 A EP 00941963A EP 00941963 A EP00941963 A EP 00941963A EP 1179123 A1 EP1179123 A1 EP 1179123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
heating
element according
filter
flat component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00941963A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anton Mangold
Matthias Mangold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oberland Mangold GmbH
Original Assignee
Oberland Mangold GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oberland Mangold GmbH filed Critical Oberland Mangold GmbH
Publication of EP1179123A1 publication Critical patent/EP1179123A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element for heating flowing gases, having a first flat component which is electrically conductive and which can be heated by conducting an electric current, and a second flat component which is electrically insulating, the components being arranged such that a layer sequence is present, and the components form flow paths for the gas to be heated.
  • a generic heating element is known from DE 196 40 577 AI. It is an electrically heated catalytic converter with a laminated structure, which is formed from corrugated metal foils and flat metal foils. There are a plurality of successive layers of corrugated and flat metal foils. The flat metal foils and the corrugated metal foils are each insulated from one another by insulating layers. There are areas with a high electrical resistance, so that with an applied voltage and a resulting current flow there are areas with a greatly increased temperature. Because of this arrangement, a high temperature for starting catalytic reactions is generated even at a low electrical current.
  • the heating arrangement described in the prior art deals with the catalytic conversion of exhaust gases. However, there are other reasons for heating an exhaust gas flow.
  • the invention is therefore based on the objective of providing a simple and effective way of heating flowing gases, which is particularly useful in connection with particle filters.
  • the heating element according to the invention builds on the prior art in that at least some layers of Layer sequence of the first flat component are isolated from one another by the second flat component.
  • the heating element is considerably simplified in comparison to the heating element described in the prior art and is particularly suitable for operation in connection with a particle filter. Since the heating element of the present invention is primarily not used to initiate a catalytic reaction, it is not necessary to provide local high temperature zones. Rather, the flowing gas must be given an elevated temperature overall so that the soot particles sitting in a subsequent filter can be burned. It is therefore possible to achieve the desired result with a layer sequence consisting of only two components. In particular, local high-temperature areas can be dispensed with, which enables the heating element to be constructed in a simple manner.
  • the first flat component has at least one metal foil.
  • a metal foil as an electrically conductive component is particularly advantageous, since metal foils are easy to process and withstand the extreme conditions in an exhaust system particularly well.
  • the first two-dimensional component is preferably wave-shaped. Such a wave-like design allows a particularly good heating effect to be generated in a given volume. The flowing gas comes into contact with a large area of the heated first flat component.
  • the components are preferably arranged in a spiral around a line core, so that the layer sequence arises.
  • the two poles of the voltage supply are thus applied on the one hand in the center of the spiral arrangement, ie on the line core and in the outer region of the spiral arrangement.
  • the layer sequence preferably has at least four layers.
  • An arrangement of four layers has proven to be advantageous in operation with regard to the flow processes and the heating of the gas.
  • the spiral arrangement is arranged in a tube. In this way, the flow volume for the gas to be heated is defined, and the layer arrangement is provided with sufficient stability.
  • the length of the tube is greater than the axial length of the spiral arrangement. If, for example, the pipe protrudes downstream over the heating element, further functional elements can be provided on the pipe.
  • the tube is designed as an inner tube of a filter element. This gives a robust construction with a one-piece support, both for the filter element and for the heating element.
  • the insulating component is a film made of temperature-resistant, flexible material. Due to the flexibility of the film, the shape of the layer arrangement can be varied; there is also flexibility with regard to the operation of the Heating element is advantageous because, due to thermal and mechanical effects, deformations of the layer arrangement can sometimes occur.
  • the insulating component has an inner support layer, preferably made of metal, and outer layers made of an insulating material arranged on both sides of the inner support layer. This construction provides a robust, temperature-resistant heating arrangement.
  • the insulating film is preferably a glass fiber-reinforced mica layer which is temperature-resistant up to 900 ° C. Such an embodiment offers advantageous flexibility with regard to the
  • the heating power can preferably be changed by changing the resistance of the first component.
  • a change in resistance can be brought about by lengthening, shortening and / or widening the first component.
  • the length, the thickness and the corrugation of the preferably wavy electrical conductor can influence the resistance and thus the heating power.
  • the choice of material is also a parameter for changing the heating output. When changing the resistance through geometric measures, care must be taken that the insulating layer is adapted accordingly.
  • some layers of the layer sequence of the first flat component are not insulated from one another.
  • the outer area can be "short-circuited" by omitting an insulating layer, so that this does not contribute to the heating of the flowing gas. This can sometimes result in higher heating efficiency, since the radiation of the thermal energy introduced into the gas from the areas near the pipe wall is reduced.
  • At least one heating element is arranged in the flow direction in front of at least one filter. There is therefore an association between a heating element and a filter, so that the solid particles in a filter can be burnt off in a targeted manner by operating a heating element.
  • each filter element can be specifically charged with heated gas.
  • At least one pressure measuring point is arranged in front of at least one filter.
  • the pressure upstream of the filter during the operation of the exhaust system can be used as a measure of the clogging of the filter. Consequently, by measuring the pressure at a pressure measuring point, it can be determined at which point in time the use of a heating element is necessary.
  • the load state of the engine can also be taken into account.
  • At least one heating element becomes selective over time operated. If, for example, a diesel engine is operated with a high load, the use of a heating element is sometimes not necessary or only rarely due to the already high exhaust gas temperatures. There will be more frequent clogging of the filter at low load, so more frequent heater operation is useful. In any case, selective operation avoids subjecting heating elements to unnecessary continuous operation and unnecessarily drawing power from the vehicle electrical system.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the pressure is measured upstream of the at least one filter and the at least one heating element is operated as a function of pressure and as a function of the load condition of the motor in question. Since the pressure upstream of the filter is largely dependent on the solids content already collected by the filter, the suitable time periods for the operation of a heating element can be determined by the pressure measurement.
  • a plurality of heating elements and a plurality of filters are preferably used in the method, one heating element being assigned to a filter in each case; at least one heating element is operated when the pressure exceeds a threshold pressure, and different heating elements or different groups of heating elements are operated in the event of successive threshold pressure violations.
  • a threshold pressure For the proper operation of the exhaust system, it is sometimes not necessary to always ignite all heating elements when there is an increase in pressure. Consequently, selective ignition is sufficient, which depends, for example, on a predetermined sequence. It is also conceivable to measure the pressure in the exhaust system depending on the location, so that in this way the "correct" heating element can be selected in order to achieve the greatest possible burning effect.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible with a simple heating element to always operate an exhaust system under almost optimal conditions. It proves to be particularly advantageous to choose an arrangement within the exhaust system that enables selective and thus economical and ecological operation.
  • Fig. La shows a plan view of an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention
  • 1b is a sectional view through the insulating component in a preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows part of an embodiment of an exhaust system according to the invention with a heating element
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the exhaust system according to FIG. 2 in the direction of view marked III;
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the heating element in the in
  • FIG. 5 is a view of a heating element inserted into an elongated tube.
  • a heating element 2 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the heating element 2 comprises a corrugated metal foil 4 which is wound spirally.
  • the layers resulting from this spiral arrangement are insulated from one another by insulating layers 6.
  • flow paths 8 are formed for a gas to be heated.
  • the layers are wound around a line core 10.
  • the entire spiral arrangement is arranged within a tube 12.
  • an electrical voltage is applied to the line core 10 and in the outer region to the metal foil 4.
  • the electrical connection in the outer region of the spiral arrangement is preferably made by direct contacting of the tube 12.
  • the heating element 2 is centrally supported by the line core 10 and thus stabilized.
  • the voltage supply to the line core 10 takes place via a feed line 20, which is led through the pipe 12 through a, preferably ceramic, insulation 22 to the outside.
  • the insulating component 6 consists of three layers 6a, 6b, 6c, the middle layer 6b preferably being a metal layer, while the outer layers 6a, 6c are insulating.
  • Fig. 2 shows part of an exhaust system.
  • a filter 16 is arranged in an exhaust pipe 14.
  • the particle-laden gas flowing through the exhaust pipe flows into the filter 16 in an end region.
  • the cleaned gas subsequently leaves the inner region of the filter 16 through the perforated outer region of the filter 16 which is provided with a filter medium.
  • Flow paths are indicated by arrows as an example.
  • the filter 16 shown is preceded by a heating element 2 so that the exhaust gas can be heated.
  • a plurality of filters 16 are preferably arranged in the exhaust pipe 14.
  • In front of the filters 16 there is a pressure measuring point 18, at which the pressure inside the exhaust pipe 14 can be determined.
  • the pressure measuring point 18 can be realized, for example, by a tube leading to the outside of a pressure sensor.
  • the heating elements 2 are also ignited as a function of pressure, but selectively and preferably in a predetermined sequence.
  • the load state of the vehicle can be used as a further parameter for the selective ignition.
  • FIG. 3 shows the exhaust pipe 14 in the viewing direction marked III in Fig. 2.
  • filters 16, 16 ' can be seen, it being entirely possible to use different filters with regard to the geometric arrangement or also with regard to the filter material.
  • a central heating element 2 is provided, which serves to heat the gas for the cleaning of all filters 16, 16 '.
  • FIG. 4 shows a heating element 2 inserted into a tube 12.
  • the electrical feed 20 to the line core 12 is also shown, which is led into the outer region of the tube 12 via a ceramic insulation 22.
  • FIG. 5 shows a heating element 2 which is inserted into an elongated tube 12.
  • the winding of the heating element 2 is pushed onto a constriction in the rear part of the tube 12. This is sufficient stabilization of the heating element 2 against slipping.
  • the extended part of the tube 12 is provided with holes 24 so that gases flowing through the tube 12 can pass through the holes 24 to the outside.
  • the actual filter medium is preferably attached to the outer area of the perforated tube part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément chauffant servant à chauffer des gaz en écoulement, qui comprend un premier composant plat, électroconducteur et chauffé par la conduction d'un courant électrique, ainsi qu'un second composant plat, électro-isolant. Ces composants sont disposés de telle sorte qu'ils constituent une série de couches et qu'ils forment des chemins d'écoulement pour le gaz à chauffer. Au moins quelques couches de la série de couches constituées du premier composant plat sont isolées l'une de l'autre par le second composant plat. Une installation d'évacuation des gaz d'échappement comporte au moins un élément chauffant qui est disposé, dans le sens d'écoulement, devant au moins un filtre. Selon un procédé de chauffage de gaz en écoulement, un élément chauffant fonctionne de façon temporellement sélective.
EP00941963A 1999-05-20 2000-05-19 Element chauffant pour chauffer des gaz en ecoulement Withdrawn EP1179123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19923228 1999-05-20
DE1999123228 DE19923228A1 (de) 1999-05-20 1999-05-20 Heizelement zum Beheizen strömender Gase
PCT/EP2000/004539 WO2000071863A1 (fr) 1999-05-20 2000-05-19 Element chauffant pour chauffer des gaz en ecoulement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1179123A1 true EP1179123A1 (fr) 2002-02-13

Family

ID=7908678

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00941963A Withdrawn EP1179123A1 (fr) 1999-05-20 2000-05-19 Element chauffant pour chauffer des gaz en ecoulement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1179123A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19923228A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000071863A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10247203B4 (de) * 2002-10-10 2004-11-04 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Heizelement zum Erhitzen von aggresiven Gasen
DE102007001451A1 (de) * 2007-01-03 2008-07-10 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102010021165A1 (de) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Epcos Ag, 81669 Heizanordnung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4111712A1 (de) * 1991-04-10 1992-10-22 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Elektrisch leitfaehiger wabenkoerper
JP2783074B2 (ja) * 1991-10-29 1998-08-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
US5409669A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-04-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrically regenerable diesel particulate filter cartridge and filter
DE19640577C2 (de) * 1995-10-02 1999-06-17 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Elektrisch beheizter Katalysator für einen Motor
US6153301A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-11-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Mica tape and insulated coil using the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0071863A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19923228A1 (de) 2000-11-23
WO2000071863A1 (fr) 2000-11-30

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