EP1174555B1 - Prefabricated concrete slab - Google Patents

Prefabricated concrete slab Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1174555B1
EP1174555B1 EP01117891A EP01117891A EP1174555B1 EP 1174555 B1 EP1174555 B1 EP 1174555B1 EP 01117891 A EP01117891 A EP 01117891A EP 01117891 A EP01117891 A EP 01117891A EP 1174555 B1 EP1174555 B1 EP 1174555B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
prefabricated component
webs
web
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01117891A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1174555A1 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RESULIT GmbH
Original Assignee
SUEBA BAU AG
Sueba Bau AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1174555A1 publication Critical patent/EP1174555A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1174555B1 publication Critical patent/EP1174555B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/205Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having non-structural supports for roofing materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/24Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs being collapsible or retractable, e.g. for transport

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated part made of concrete or other hardenable material, in particular a roof panel, with at least one plate which is provided with reinforcement and has webs projecting essentially perpendicularly from the plate, which stiffen the plate and a connection with a parallel to it allow running, essentially flat cover.
  • Such a prefabricated concrete part is known as a roof panel from DE-A-41 00 623.
  • the webs projecting upwards are formed by metallic lattice girders.
  • these lattice girders provide optimal stiffening of the roof panel, they have the disadvantage that they are susceptible to corrosion and have a high thermal conductivity.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the prefabricated part described at the outset, in particular in its use as a roof panel, in such a way that on the one hand no corrosion problems occur and on the other hand the thermal insulation is improved.
  • the finished part according to the invention should be inexpensive to manufacture and universally applicable.
  • the webs consist of fiber-reinforced plastic sheets which are inserted at one longitudinal edge into the plate made of concrete or other hardenable material and are anchored there in a form-fitting manner.
  • the invention is therefore based on the knowledge that the plate is no longer braced by metallic lattice girders, but by flat, fiber-reinforced plastic panels, so that there are no more corrosion problems and, at the same time, the previous thermal bridges are eliminated due to the low thermal conductivity of plastic.
  • fiber-reinforced plastic is considerably lighter than the steel previously used, so that the finished parts according to the invention are easier to transport and assemble.
  • Production takes place in such a way that the webs made of fiber-reinforced plastic are either placed on the reinforcement before the slab is concreted or the webs are pressed into the not yet hardened material of the slab. So you do not need a special casting mold as with roof panels with molded ribs, but you can use conventional flat-running formwork floors, which can also be easily changed in size.
  • the plastic sheets can form a hollow profile, so that the webs get a rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal profile.
  • This narrow section is connected with its narrow side, i.e. upright, to the concrete slab, so that there is a good stiffening effect.
  • the webs can also be formed by a corrugated sheet, the wave profile running parallel to the plate. This gives maximum load capacity with little material.
  • Openings can also be arranged in the area of the web above the plate if the statics permit this. In general, however, it is advisable to work with flat webs.
  • the longitudinal edge immersed in the plate can be glued into a U-shaped metallic fastening element, to which anchoring elements projecting in the transverse direction are then fastened, in particular welded on.
  • the plastic sheets need to be immersed in the plate only a few centimeters, a maximum of about 5 cm, preferably about 2.5 cm, so that the cutting effect of the webs on the plate is negligible.
  • the webs have a stiffening belt on their longitudinal edge facing away from the plate, which can also function as a carrier for connecting parts.
  • a stiffening belt is particularly recommended for webs that only consist of a thin layer of material, that is to say with the corrugated webs described, whereas a stiffening belt is automatically present in the case of hollow profile webs, namely through the narrow side of the hollow profile located at the top.
  • the stiffening belt expediently also consists of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic, and can be formed in one piece on the web or subsequently connected to it. It can already be equipped with protruding nails or the like, in order to subsequently accommodate fastening slats for a cover, in particular a roof skin. These fastening slats are expediently glued to the stiffening belt.
  • An advantageous development for the production of the finished part consists in the fact that the webs have support elements which are immersed in the plate. These support elements ensure that the webs in the formwork are stable before the concrete is poured. They also make sure that the one you want Immersion depth of the webs in the plate is not exceeded. This applies regardless of whether the support elements are placed on the reinforcement in the slab or on the bottom of the formwork. If, however, the webs on their base are wide enough, as is the case with the hollow profiles described at the beginning, they can usually be placed directly on the reinforcement of the slab.
  • the webs run in the slope direction of the roof, that the roof panels carry hinge parts on a longitudinal edge running transversely thereto, and that opposite roof panels are articulated to one another in pairs on the gable provided.
  • Such a hinge practically leads to a folding roof and considerably simplifies the assembly and alignment of the opposite roof panels, because the roof panels are transported in pairs and placed in exact assignment on the house walls or the ceiling tile.
  • the hinge together with the lower support points on both sides of the folding roof, forms a three-hinge frame that improves the stability of the roof.
  • an external metal reinforcement on the longitudinal edge mentioned, which encloses the edge of the roof panel, protects it from damage and at the same time stiffens the roof panels.
  • this reinforcement can carry a wedge which corresponds to the reinforcement of the opposite roof panel in the sense of a stop, that is to say limits the opening angle of the two roof panels.
  • Appropriate reinforcements are U or L profiles.
  • the roof panel also expediently carries a similar external reinforcement on the opposite longitudinal edge, which is used to support the roof panel on a ceiling plate or on a wall, an elastic intermediate layer, in particular made of elastomer, being arranged.
  • FIG. 1 you can see the section through a roof panel for pitched roofs.
  • This roof panel has a plate 1 made of hardenable material, which is usually concrete.
  • the underside of this panel is formwork smooth and can be painted or wallpapered condition directly the sloping wall of a loft, an attic or the like.
  • a reinforcement 2 runs in this plate 1, which is indicated by a dash-dotted line.
  • This reinforcement is, for example, a conventional structural steel mat or, in a comparable manner, reinforcing bars crossing at right angles, which are automatically inserted into the formwork provided for this purpose during the manufacture of the roof panel.
  • the inserted reinforcement is then concreted with hardenable material such as concrete during the manufacture of the roof panel.
  • FIG. 2 which shows the panel in the sectional view along the line II-II in FIG. 1, it has a corrugation that has an amplitude 5 of approximately 30 mm at a wavelength 4 of approximately 150 mm Has.
  • This corrugation stabilizes the web in the curable material of the plate 1 against buckling or buckling due to transverse forces.
  • an upper belt 6 is placed as a stiffening belt, that is to say either molded or glued on, which preferably has a glass fiber content of the order of 60 to 70% glass fiber. Its width corresponds approximately to twice the amplitude 5, so that the upper edge of the web is covered over the entire wave profile.
  • a spacer bar 7 or the like can be fixed, which in turn carries the roof battens 8, on which the actual roof covering is then attached in the form of bricks or the like.
  • the web 3 shown in FIG. 1 runs essentially along the sloping roof, while the roof battens 8 then run transversely to this, in a finished roof thus in a line parallel to the ridge or to the eaves of a roof.
  • the webs 3 can instead run transversely to the direction of the slope, in which case additional counter battens are usually required.
  • a sarking membrane can be provided, which is made of plastic and functions as moisture protection for insulation (not shown) which is placed on the plate 1 between the webs 3 in the form of insulating material.
  • the roofing membrane with the battens and the roof skin in the form of roof tiles or the like forms a cover which is connected to the plate 1 via the webs 3.
  • the web 3 which is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, has only minimal thermal conductivity and thus does not form a cold bridge within the insulation formed by the insulating material lying against it laterally.
  • the plate 1 made of hardenable material has means for increasing the adhesion adjacent to its narrow side 9 which runs in the plate 1 and with which it is inserted in the concrete of the plate 1.
  • openings 10 penetrating the web are provided. These openings are penetrated by the concrete, which is the curable material of the plate 1, whereby a positive connection between the plate 1 and the web 3 is achieved.
  • the reinforcement 2 which is provided within the plate 1 also runs through these openings.
  • the dowel forces and the intimate connection of plate 1 and web 3 can be further increased by choosing the diameter of the openings 10 mm to be several times larger than the diameter of the reinforcing bars passing through them.
  • the openings 10 can be ⁇ -shaped, which means that the diameter 11 of the substantially circular or tropical openings 10 is larger than the gap 12 which is provided in the circumference 13 of the opening 10 to the lower edge 9 of the web 3 ,
  • This ⁇ -shaped shape favors the form fit mentioned.
  • Essential in the web shown here are also provided on the narrow side 9 of the plate 3, integrally molded upstand elements 14.
  • the web 3 is seated with a stand-up element 14 during manufacture of the component shown Formwork floor on which the plate 1 is cast from curable material.
  • the contact elements 14 thus form points on the underside 15 of the plate 1 which are hardly recognizable, while the underside is otherwise closed from hardenable material.
  • the reinforcement 2 can also be fixed within the openings 10, so that during the manufacture of the plate 1 the web 3 takes over the reinforcement of the reinforcement 2 on the corresponding formwork floor.
  • the web 3 can also be given a certain stable set-up due to a broader uprising base which corresponds to at least twice the amplitude 5.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 also show two special features of the web according to the invention: On the one hand, a central opening 16 is provided, through which a line or the like can be passed through the web 3.
  • a central opening 16 is provided, through which a line or the like can be passed through the web 3.
  • openings can be used in the manufacture and transport of a roof panel according to the invention as a point of attack for a crane hook or the like.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 recesses 17 on the upper side of the upper flange 6.
  • the counter battens 8 can be inserted directly into such recesses 17, with the spacing between two adjacent recesses 17 being used for hanging up the necessary distance between adjacent counter battens of roof tiles must be determined.
  • the web 3 can be guided laterally beyond the plate 1, the plate 1 then resting on a ceiling plate 18 or a house wall 19.
  • the section 20 of the web 3 protruding beyond the plate 1 can then be designed in accordance with a known rafter head and also act as a support for a gutter 21, which is then fastened to a separately provided eaves plank 23 via known gutter brackets 22.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a further precast concrete element according to the invention, namely a double-walled hollow plate, which is shown in cross section in FIG. 7 and is produced using a web 24, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • This web 24, like the web 3, is provided at its lower end with recesses 10 or stand-up elements 14 with which it stands in a plate 25 and, as described above, also carries the reinforcement 26 provided therein.
  • the web 24 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central transverse plane 27, so that the web also has corresponding openings 29 on its upper narrow side 28, as well as corresponding contact elements 30.
  • a plate 25, which is produced as described above, is thus finished the curing and can then be placed with its web 24 in a prepared bed made of curable material, which then forms the further plate 31, which in turn is provided with a separate reinforcement 32.
  • a hollow chamber panel or a double-walled wall element is obtained, wherein either an insulating or insulating material can be filled into the cavity 33 between the two panels 25 and 31, or else a hardenable material, for example concrete. So that when it is filled with this insulating or hardenable material, it can pass through the webs 24, openings 34 are also provided in these, as can be seen in the figures.
  • the advantages of the components described here is in particular that the related webs 3 and 24 are not susceptible to corrosion due to their choice of material made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Because of their corrugation, which can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, these webs are very stable and, via the support elements 14 and 30 provided on the web, no corrosion-sensitive elements emerge on the outside of the components produced according to the invention.
  • the web 24 can also take over the function of the spacer between two spaced reinforcements 26 and 32 and thus simplify the production while at the same time being cheaper due to the omission of separate stand-up or Allow spacer elements.
  • Figure 8 shows a roof panel similar to Figure 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used here for corresponding parts.
  • the anchoring of the web 3 in the plate 1 the web 3 here has a plurality of bores 10 in its area immersed in the plate 1, which are in a straight line in all the wave flanks in the longitudinal direction of the web 3 are arranged.
  • a single longitudinal rod 2 is sufficient to bring about the desired positive anchoring of the web 3 in the plate 1. It can be an existing reinforcement bar of plate 1 or an additional fastening bar.
  • the diameter of the bore 10 is again considerably larger than the diameter of the rod 2, so that the surface pressure on the circumference of the bore 10 is reduced accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment at least halved.
  • a top flange 6 running in the longitudinal direction of the web is attached to the top of the web 3. It can consist of the same material as the web 3 and can be glued to it. It expediently extends over the entire amplitude of the corrugated web.
  • Figure 9 shows another embodiment for the web.
  • a box web 40 is shown here. It consists of a substantially rectangular hollow profile made of fiber-reinforced plastic with a plurality of transverse walls and is open on its underside which plunges into the plate 1, so that the concrete inside the hollow profile reaches the same level as outside.
  • the box web 40 For the form-fitting anchoring of the box web 40, it has the openings 10 already described in its lower region which plunges into the plate 1 and which are traversed by an anchoring element 2, in particular a rod.
  • the web 40 carries an upper flange 6 which is thickened in wall thickness as an integral part which is integrally connected to it, so that no additional upper flange as in FIG. 8 has to be attached here. This is followed by the above-described crossbar 7.
  • FIG. 10 shows a web 41 in the form of a trapezoidal hollow profile which tapers upwards from the plate 1. Otherwise, the upper structure is practically the same as in FIG. 9.
  • the web 41 is at the lower end in U-shaped fastening elements 42.
  • These fasteners are made of structural steel and are glued flat to the longitudinal edges of the web 41.
  • the fastening elements 42 are welded to holding rods or reinforcement 2 on their underside.
  • the metallic fastening elements 42 may be expedient to pull the plate 1 slightly upwards in the connection area of the box webs.
  • FIG. 11 shows the connection of two roof panels 1 abutting one another in the gable area.
  • each roof panel carries a plurality of hinge parts 36 concreted in and connected to the reinforcement. These hinge parts protrude from the slabs 1 on a bevelled end face 1 a and each have a bore 36 a there.
  • the hinge parts 36 are concreted in such a grid dimension in the opposite roof panels 1 that the bores 36a of the successive hinge parts 36 come to lie one behind the other when the roof plates are aligned, so that a common hinge axis 37 can be inserted through all the openings 36a.
  • Both roof panels 1 are thus pivotally mounted on the hinge axis 37 and can be transported and set up together.
  • the hinge axis 37 expediently runs almost over the entire width of the roof panel and is available in the areas where no hinge parts 36 engage for hanging load hooks for transport.
  • hinge axis 37 can be used to anchor a ridge screed 43.
  • This ridge screed - generally made of wood - is placed on the hinge area from above and braced on the hinge shaft 37 by means of a hook screw 44 passing through the ridge screed.
  • FIG. 11 shows that the two roof panels each have an outer reinforcement 38 on their upper edge, which runs parallel to the gable.
  • This reinforcement surrounds the upper longitudinal edge of the plate 1 in a U-shape and, like the hinge parts, is made of stainless steel. It can have a stop, not shown in the drawing, in order to limit the maximum opening position of the two roof panels connected to one another.
  • the reinforcement 38 or the wedge, not shown, can alternatively or additionally be used for the assembly of the ridge screed 43.
  • Figure 12 shows the opposite lower edge of a roof panel, namely where it is supported on a building ceiling or building wall.
  • a horizontal continuous groove 50a is formed in a corresponding concrete support 50 of the building, which is adapted to the shape and inclination of the roof panel 1.
  • the plate At its lower edge, the plate has a U-shaped reinforcement 39 surrounding it, which is concreted into the plate 1 with connecting plates 39a and is preferably also connected to its reinforcement. It consists of stainless steel and has a lower support surface 39b lying in the lower plane of the plate and a frontal support surface 39c perpendicular thereto. With these surfaces, it is supported on the concrete support 50 with the interposition of an elastomer layer 51.

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Abstract

The flat cast concrete component, and especially a roof slab, has at least one plate section (1) with reinforcement (2). A bar (3) extends vertically from the plate, as a stiffening and a support bonding for a parallel covering. The bar is a hollow body formed by plates of a plastics material, with glass fiber reinforcement, which penetrate into the plate with their longitudinal edges, to be anchored in a positive fit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fertigteil aus Beton oder anderem aushärtbarem Material, insbesondere eine Dachtafel, mit wenigstens einer Platte, die mit einer Bewehrung versehen ist und im wesentlichen senkrecht aus der Platte vorstehende Stege aufweist, die die Platte aussteifen und eine Verbindung mit einer parallel zu ihr verlaufenden, im wesentlichen flächigen Abdeckung gestatten.The invention relates to a prefabricated part made of concrete or other hardenable material, in particular a roof panel, with at least one plate which is provided with reinforcement and has webs projecting essentially perpendicularly from the plate, which stiffen the plate and a connection with a parallel to it allow running, essentially flat cover.

Ein derartiges Betonfertigteil ist als Dachtafel aus der DE-A-41 00 623 bekannt. Dabei werden die nach oben vorstehenden Stege durch metallische Gitterträger gebildet. Diese Gitterträger bewirken zwar eine optimale Aussteifung der Dachtafel, haben aber den Nachteil, dass sie korrosionsanfällig sind und eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisen.Such a prefabricated concrete part is known as a roof panel from DE-A-41 00 623. The webs projecting upwards are formed by metallic lattice girders. Although these lattice girders provide optimal stiffening of the roof panel, they have the disadvantage that they are susceptible to corrosion and have a high thermal conductivity.

Es ist deshalb durch die DE-A-195 23 673 bekannt geworden, die Gitterträger in Rippen einzubetonieren, die einstückig an die Platte angeformt werden und zusammen mit dieser betoniert werden. Allerdings ist die Herstellung einer derartigen Rippenplatte relativ aufwendig. Außerdem beeinträchtigen die Rippen immer noch die Wärmedämmeigenschaften.It is therefore known from DE-A-195 23 673 to concrete the lattice girders into ribs which are integrally formed on the plate and are concreted together with it. However, the production of such a ribbed plate is relatively complex. In addition, the ribs still affect the thermal insulation properties.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, das eingangs beschriebene Fertigteil, insbesondere in seiner Anwendung als Dachtafel, dahingehend zu verbessern, dass einerseits keine Korrosionsprobleme auftreten und andererseits auch die Wärmedämmung verbessert wird. Nicht zuletzt soll das erfindungsgemäße Fertigteil kostenkünstig herstellbar und universell einsetzbar sein.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the prefabricated part described at the outset, in particular in its use as a roof panel, in such a way that on the one hand no corrosion problems occur and on the other hand the thermal insulation is improved. Last but not least, the finished part according to the invention should be inexpensive to manufacture and universally applicable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Stege aus faserverstärkten Kunststoff-Tafeln bestehen, die an ihrem einen Längsrand in die Platte aus Beton oder anderen aushärtbarem Material eintauchen und dort formschlüssig verankert sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the webs consist of fiber-reinforced plastic sheets which are inserted at one longitudinal edge into the plate made of concrete or other hardenable material and are anchored there in a form-fitting manner.

Die Erfindung beruht also auf der Erkenntnis, die Aussteifung der Platte nicht mehr durch metallische Gitterträger, sondern durch flächige, faserverstärkte Kunststofftafeln herbeizuführen, so dass keinerlei Korrosionsprobleme mehr bestehen und gleichzeitig aufgrund der geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Kunststoff die bisherigen Kältebrücken eliminiert sind. Außerdem ist faserverstärkter Kunststoff erheblich leichter als der bisher eingesetzte Stahl, so dass die erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteile einfacher zu transportieren und zu montieren sind.The invention is therefore based on the knowledge that the plate is no longer braced by metallic lattice girders, but by flat, fiber-reinforced plastic panels, so that there are no more corrosion problems and, at the same time, the previous thermal bridges are eliminated due to the low thermal conductivity of plastic. In addition, fiber-reinforced plastic is considerably lighter than the steel previously used, so that the finished parts according to the invention are easier to transport and assemble.

Die Herstellung erfolgt in der Weise, dass die Stege aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff entweder bereits vor dem Betonieren der Platte auf deren Bewehrung abgestellt werden oder die Stege werden in das noch nicht ausgehärtete Material der Platte hineingedrückt. Man benötigt also keine spezielle Gießform wie bei Dachtafeln mit angeformten Rippen, sondern kann übliche flachverlaufende Schalböden einsetzen, die sich auch hinsichtlich ihrer Größe leicht verändern lassen.Production takes place in such a way that the webs made of fiber-reinforced plastic are either placed on the reinforcement before the slab is concreted or the webs are pressed into the not yet hardened material of the slab. So you do not need a special casting mold as with roof panels with molded ribs, but you can use conventional flat-running formwork floors, which can also be easily changed in size.

Für die Ausbildung der Kunststoffstege bieten sich verschiedene Möglichkeiten. So können die Kunststofftafeln ein Hohlprofil bilden, so dass die Stege ein Rechteck-, Dreieck- oder Trapez-Profil erhalten. Dieses Hohlprofil wird mit seiner Schmalseite, also hochkant mit der Betonplatte verbunden, so dass sich eine gute Aussteifungswirkung ergibt.There are various options for the formation of the plastic webs. So the plastic sheets can form a hollow profile, so that the webs get a rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal profile. This narrow section is connected with its narrow side, i.e. upright, to the concrete slab, so that there is a good stiffening effect.

Statt dessen können die Stege auch durch eine gewellte Tafel gebildet werden, wobei das Wellenprofil parallel zur Platte verläuft. Dadurch erhält man maximale Tragfähigkeit bei geringem Materialaufwand.Instead, the webs can also be formed by a corrugated sheet, the wave profile running parallel to the plate. This gives maximum load capacity with little material.

Wesentlich ist bei allen Stegausbildungen ihre formschlüssige Verankerung an dem in die Platte eintauchenden Längsrand. Hierzu werden dort zweckmäßig Öffnungen vorgesehen, die beim Betonieren der Platte von Beton durchquert werden. Zusätzlich können durch diese Öffnungen auch Verankerungsstäbe durchgesteckt werden, die in die Platte einbetoniert werden.What is essential in all web designs is their form-fitting anchoring on the longitudinal edge dipping into the plate. For this purpose, openings are expediently provided which are crossed by concrete when the slab is concreted. In addition, anchoring rods can be inserted through these openings, which are concreted into the slab.

Öffnungen können auch in dem oberhalb der Platte liegenden Bereich des Steges angeordnet sein, wenn die Statik dies zulässt. Im allgemeinen empfiehlt es sich aber, mit flächig durchgehenden Stegen zu arbeiten.Openings can also be arranged in the area of the web above the plate if the statics permit this. In general, however, it is advisable to work with flat webs.

Wenn mit gewellten Stegen gearbeitet wird, ist es besonders zweckmäßig, die Öffnungen in den Wellen längs einer geraden Linie parallel zu dem in die Platte eintauchenden Längsrand anzuordnen. Dadurch braucht man nur einen Stab durch sämtliche Öffnungen hindurchzustecken, um die gewünschte formschlüssige Verankerung in der Platte zu erreichen.When working with corrugated webs, it is particularly expedient to arrange the openings in the waves along a straight line parallel to the longitudinal edge immersed in the plate. This means that only one rod has to be inserted through all the openings in order to achieve the desired positive anchoring in the plate.

Bei anderen Stegformen, etwa den vorgenannten Hohlprofilen, kann der in die Platte eintauchende Längsrand in ein U-förmiges metallisches Befestigungselement eingeklebt werden, an dem dann in Querrichtung abstehende Verankerungselemente befestigt, insbesondere angeschweißt sind.In the case of other web shapes, such as the aforementioned hollow profiles, the longitudinal edge immersed in the plate can be glued into a U-shaped metallic fastening element, to which anchoring elements projecting in the transverse direction are then fastened, in particular welded on.

Durch die beschriebene Verankerung der Stege in die Platte brauchen die Kunststofftafeln nur wenige Zentimeter in die Platte eintauchen, maximal etwa 5 cm, vorzugsweise etwa 2,5 cm, so dass die Schneidenwirkung der Stege auf die Platte vernachlässigbar ist.Due to the described anchoring of the webs in the plate, the plastic sheets need to be immersed in the plate only a few centimeters, a maximum of about 5 cm, preferably about 2.5 cm, so that the cutting effect of the webs on the plate is negligible.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung empfiehlt es sich, dass die Stege an ihrem der Platte abgewandten Längsrand einen Versteifungsgurt aufweisen, der gleichzeitig auch als Träger für Anschlussteile fungieren kann. Ein solcher Versteifungsgurt empfiehlt sich insbesondere bei Stegen, die nur aus einer dünnen Materiallage bestehen, also bei den beschriebenen Wellstegen, wogegen bei Hohlprofil-Stegen automatisch ein Versteifungsgurt vorhanden ist, nämlich durch die obenliegende Schmalseite des Hohlprofiles.In a further development of the invention, it is recommended that the webs have a stiffening belt on their longitudinal edge facing away from the plate, which can also function as a carrier for connecting parts. Such a stiffening belt is particularly recommended for webs that only consist of a thin layer of material, that is to say with the corrugated webs described, whereas a stiffening belt is automatically present in the case of hollow profile webs, namely through the narrow side of the hollow profile located at the top.

Der Versteifungsgurt besteht zweckmäßig ebenfalls aus Kunststoff, insbesondere faserverstärktem Kunststoff und kann einstückig an dem Steg angeformt oder nachträglich mit ihm verbunden werden. Er kann bereits mit vorstehenden Nägeln oder dergleichen bestückt sein, um anschließend noch Befestigungslatten für eine Abdeckung, insbesondere eine Dachhaut aufzunehmen. Diese Befestigungslatten werden zweckmäßig auf den Versteifungsgurt geklebt.The stiffening belt expediently also consists of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic, and can be formed in one piece on the web or subsequently connected to it. It can already be equipped with protruding nails or the like, in order to subsequently accommodate fastening slats for a cover, in particular a roof skin. These fastening slats are expediently glued to the stiffening belt.

Eine für die Produktion des Fertigteiles vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass die Stege in die Platte eintauchende Auflagerelemente aufweisen. Diese Auflagerelemente ermöglichen einen stabilen Stand der Stege in der Schalung, bevor der Beton eingegossen wird. Außerdem stellen sie sicher, dass die gewünschte Eintauchtiefe der Stege in die Platte nicht überschritten wird. Dies gilt unabhängig davon, ob die Auflagerelemente auf die Bewehrung in der Platte oder auf den Boden der Schalung gestellt werden. Sind die Stege an ihrer Grundfläche hingegen breit genug, wie es bei den eingangs beschriebenen Hohlprofilen der Fall ist, können sie meist direkt auf die Bewehrung der Platte gestellt werden.An advantageous development for the production of the finished part consists in the fact that the webs have support elements which are immersed in the plate. These support elements ensure that the webs in the formwork are stable before the concrete is poured. They also make sure that the one you want Immersion depth of the webs in the plate is not exceeded. This applies regardless of whether the support elements are placed on the reinforcement in the slab or on the bottom of the formwork. If, however, the webs on their base are wide enough, as is the case with the hollow profiles described at the beginning, they can usually be placed directly on the reinforcement of the slab.

Nach dem Betonieren und Aushärten der Platte wird der Zwischenraum zwischen benachbarten Stegen möglichst vollständig mit Wärmedämmstoff gefüllt. Man erhält dadurch eine über die Fläche des Fertigteiles gleichbleibend hohe Dämmwirkung.After concreting and hardening the slab, the space between adjacent bars is filled as completely as possible with thermal insulation material. This gives a consistently high insulation effect over the surface of the finished part.

Bei der bevorzugten Anwendung des Fertigteiles als Dachtafel, empfiehlt es sich, dass die Stege in Gefällerichtung des Daches verlaufen, dass die Dachtafeln an einem dazu quer verlaufenden Längsrand Scharnierteile tragen und dass gegenüberliegende Dachtafeln paarweise am vorgesehenen Giebel gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind. Ein solches Scharnier führt praktisch zu einem Klappdach und erleichtert die Montage und Ausrichtung der gegenüberliegenden Dachtafeln erheblich, denn die Dachtafeln werden jeweils paarweise transportiert und in exakter Zuordnung auf die Hauswände oder die Deckenplatte aufgestellt. Außerdem bildet das Scharnier zusammen mit den beidseitigen unteren Auflagerpunkten des Klappdaches einen Dreigelenkrahmen, der die Stabilität des Daches verbessert.In the preferred application of the prefabricated part as a roof panel, it is recommended that the webs run in the slope direction of the roof, that the roof panels carry hinge parts on a longitudinal edge running transversely thereto, and that opposite roof panels are articulated to one another in pairs on the gable provided. Such a hinge practically leads to a folding roof and considerably simplifies the assembly and alignment of the opposite roof panels, because the roof panels are transported in pairs and placed in exact assignment on the house walls or the ceiling tile. In addition, the hinge, together with the lower support points on both sides of the folding roof, forms a three-hinge frame that improves the stability of the roof.

Zusätzlich empfiehlt es sich, an dem genannten Längsrand eine außenliegende Metall-Armierung vorzusehen, die den Rand der Dachtafel umschließt, vor Beschädigungen schützt und zugleich die Dachtafeln aussteift. Außerdem kann diese Armierung einen Keil tragen, der mit der Armierung der gegenüberliegenden Dachtafel im Sinne eines Anschlages korrespondiert, also den Öffnungswinkel der beiden Dachtafeln begrenzt. Zweckmäßige Armierungen sind U- oder L-Profile.In addition, it is advisable to provide an external metal reinforcement on the longitudinal edge mentioned, which encloses the edge of the roof panel, protects it from damage and at the same time stiffens the roof panels. In addition, this reinforcement can carry a wedge which corresponds to the reinforcement of the opposite roof panel in the sense of a stop, that is to say limits the opening angle of the two roof panels. Appropriate reinforcements are U or L profiles.

Auch an dem gegenüberliegenden Längsrand trägt die Dachtafel zweckmäßig eine ähnliche außenliegende Armierung, die zur Auflagerung der Dachtafel auf einer Deckenplatte oder auf einer Wand dient, wobei eine elastische Zwischenlage, insbesondere aus Elastomer angeordnet wird.The roof panel also expediently carries a similar external reinforcement on the opposite longitudinal edge, which is used to support the roof panel on a ceiling plate or on a wall, an elastic intermediate layer, in particular made of elastomer, being arranged.

Schließlich liegt es auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, das beschriebene Fertigteil nicht mit einer Dachhaut, sondern mit einer Abdeckung in Form einer zweiten Platte aus aushärtbarem Material zu verbinden. Diese Platte wird dann in ähnlicher Weise an die genannten Stege anbetoniert wie zuvor beschrieben. Für den exakten Abstand zwischen den Außenseiten von derartigen zweischaligen Betonfertigteilen waren bisher separate Abstandhalter vorgesehen, die aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Steges jetzt einzusparen sind.Finally, it is also within the scope of the invention not to connect the prefabricated part described with a roof skin, but with a cover in the form of a second plate made of curable material. This plate is then concreted onto the above-mentioned webs in a similar manner as described above. For the exact distance between the outside of such double-shell precast concrete elements, separate spacers were previously provided, which can now be saved due to the web according to the invention.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen. Dabei zeigt

Figur 1
eine Schnittansicht durch eine erfindungsgemäße Dachtafel;
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht durch einen erfindungsgemäß verwandten Steg entlang der Linie II in II in Figur 1;
Figur 3
eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Steges;
Figur 4
eine Schnittansicht durch eine erfindungsgemäße Dachtafel entlang der Linie IV-IV in Figur 1;
Figur 5
eine Seitenansicht einer eingebauten erfindungsgemäßen Dachtafel;
Figur 6
eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Steges für ein zweischaliges Wandelement;
Figur 7
eine Schnittansicht durch ein erfindungsgemäßes zweischaliges Bauelement mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Steg gemäß Figur 6;
Figur 8
eine Schnittansicht durch eine Dachtafel ähnlich Figur 1;
Figur 9
die gleiche Schnittansicht wie Figur 8 bei einer zweiten Alternative für den Steg;
Figur 10
den gleichen Schnitt wie Figur 9 bei einer dritten Alternative für den Steg;
Figur 11
einen Schnitt durch zwei gegenüberstehende Dachtafeln 1 im Giebelbereich und
Figur 12
einen Schnitt durch eine Dachtafel im unteren Auflagerungsbereich.
Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments. It shows
Figure 1
a sectional view through a roof panel according to the invention;
Figure 2
a sectional view through a web related to the invention along the line II in II in Figure 1;
Figure 3
a side view of a web according to the invention;
Figure 4
a sectional view through a roof panel according to the invention along the line IV-IV in Figure 1;
Figure 5
a side view of a built roof panel according to the invention;
Figure 6
a side view of a web according to the invention for a double-walled wall element;
Figure 7
a sectional view through an inventive double-shell component with a web according to the invention according to Figure 6;
Figure 8
a sectional view through a roof panel similar to Figure 1;
Figure 9
the same sectional view as Figure 8 in a second alternative for the web;
Figure 10
the same section as Figure 9 in a third alternative for the web;
Figure 11
a section through two opposite roof panels 1 in the gable area and
Figure 12
a section through a roof panel in the lower support area.

In Figur 1 erkennt man den Schnitt durch eine Dachtafel für geneigte Dächer. Diese Dachtafel weist eine Platte 1 aus aushärtbarem Material auf, das üblicherweise Beton ist. Die Unterseite dieser Platte ist schalungsglatt und kann in gestrichenem oder tapezierten Zustand direkt die schräg verlaufende Wand eines Dachzimmers, einer Mansarde oder ähnliches sein.In Figure 1 you can see the section through a roof panel for pitched roofs. This roof panel has a plate 1 made of hardenable material, which is usually concrete. The underside of this panel is formwork smooth and can be painted or wallpapered condition directly the sloping wall of a loft, an attic or the like.

In dieser Platte 1 verläuft eine Bewehrung 2, die durch eine strichpunktierte Linie angedeutet ist. Bei dieser Bewehrung handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine übliche Baustahlmatte oder um sich in vergleichbarer Weise unter rechten Winkeln kreuzende Bewehrungseisen, die bei der Fertigung der Dachtafel automatisiert in die hierfür vorgesehene Schalung eingelegt werden. Die eingelegte Bewehrung wird bei der Herstellung der Dachtafel dann mit aushärtbarem Material wie beispielsweise Beton einbetoniert.A reinforcement 2 runs in this plate 1, which is indicated by a dash-dotted line. This reinforcement is, for example, a conventional structural steel mat or, in a comparable manner, reinforcing bars crossing at right angles, which are automatically inserted into the formwork provided for this purpose during the manufacture of the roof panel. The inserted reinforcement is then concreted with hardenable material such as concrete during the manufacture of the roof panel.

Aus der Platte 1 ragen zahlreiche im Abstand nebeneinander angeordnete Stege 3 von denen hier nur einer gezeigt ist, nach oben heraus. Diese Stege bestehen jeweils aus einer dünnen Tafel aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff. Diese Tafel hat eine Stärke von etwa 2,5 mm bei einem Glasfaseranteil von ca. 30 bis 35 % und ragt etwa 30 cm über die Platte hinaus.Numerous webs 3, of which only one is shown here, protrude upward from the plate 1 at a distance from one another. These webs each consist of a thin sheet of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This board has a thickness of about 2.5 mm with a glass fiber content of about 30 to 35% and protrudes about 30 cm beyond the plate.

Wie aus der Figur 2 zu entnehmen ist, die die Tafel in der Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie II-II in Figur 1 darstellt, weist sie eine Wellung auf, die bei einer Wellenlänge 4 von ca. 150 mm eine Amplitude 5 von ca. 30 mm hat. Durch diese Wellung wird der im aushärtbaren Material der Platte 1 steckende Steg gegen Knicken oder Beulen aufgrund von Querkräften stabilisiert.As can be seen from FIG. 2, which shows the panel in the sectional view along the line II-II in FIG. 1, it has a corrugation that has an amplitude 5 of approximately 30 mm at a wavelength 4 of approximately 150 mm Has. This corrugation stabilizes the web in the curable material of the plate 1 against buckling or buckling due to transverse forces.

Auf das obere Ende des Steges 3 ist ein Obergurt 6 als Versteifungsgurt aufgesetzt, das heißt entweder angeformt oder aufgeklebt, der vorzugsweise einen Glasfaseranteil in der Größenordnung von 60 bis 70 % Glasfaser aufweist. Seine Breite entspricht etwa der doppelten Amplitude 5, so dass der obere Rand des Steges über das ganze Wellenprofil abgedeckt ist.On the upper end of the web 3, an upper belt 6 is placed as a stiffening belt, that is to say either molded or glued on, which preferably has a glass fiber content of the order of 60 to 70% glass fiber. Its width corresponds approximately to twice the amplitude 5, so that the upper edge of the web is covered over the entire wave profile.

Auf den Gurt 6 kann beispielsweise eine Abstandslatte 7 oder ähnliches fixiert werden, die ihrerseits die Dachlattung 8 trägt, auf der dann die eigentliche Dachabdeckung in Form von Ziegeln oder ähnlichem befestigt wird. Es sei hier erwähnt, dass der in der Figur 1 dargestellte Steg 3 im wesentlichen entlang der Dachschräge verläuft, während die Dachlattung 8 dann quer zu dieser verläuft, bei einem fertigen Dach also in einer Linie parallel zum First oder zur Traufe eines Daches. Je nach statischen Erfordernissen können die Stege 3 stattdessen quer zur Gefällerichtung verlaufen, wobei dann meist eine zusätzliche Konterlattung benötigt wird.On the belt 6, for example, a spacer bar 7 or the like can be fixed, which in turn carries the roof battens 8, on which the actual roof covering is then attached in the form of bricks or the like. It should be mentioned here that the web 3 shown in FIG. 1 runs essentially along the sloping roof, while the roof battens 8 then run transversely to this, in a finished roof thus in a line parallel to the ridge or to the eaves of a roof. Depending on the structural requirements, the webs 3 can instead run transversely to the direction of the slope, in which case additional counter battens are usually required.

Zwischen der Abstandslatte 7 und dem Obergurt 6 kann eine Unterspannbahn vorgesehen werden, die aus Kunststoff besteht und als Feuchtigkeitsschutz fungiert für eine (nicht dargestellte) Isolierung, die zwischen den Stegen 3 in Form von Dämmmaterial auf die Platte 1 aufgelegt wird. Insgesamt bildet die Unterspannbahn mit der Lattung und der Dachhaut in Form von Dachziegeln o. ä. eine Abdeckung, die über die Stege 3 mit der Platte 1 verbunden wird.Between the spacer bar 7 and the top flange 6, a sarking membrane can be provided, which is made of plastic and functions as moisture protection for insulation (not shown) which is placed on the plate 1 between the webs 3 in the form of insulating material. Overall, the roofing membrane with the battens and the roof skin in the form of roof tiles or the like forms a cover which is connected to the plate 1 via the webs 3.

Wesentlich ist, dass der aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff bestehende Steg 3 eine nur minimale Wärmeleitfähigkeit hat und somit innerhalb der durch das seitlich an ihn anliegende Dämmmaterial gebildeten Isolierung keine Kältebrücke bildet.It is essential that the web 3, which is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, has only minimal thermal conductivity and thus does not form a cold bridge within the insulation formed by the insulating material lying against it laterally.

Durch die in der Figur 2 zu erkennende Wellung des Steges ist er ausreichend stabil, um die auf ihn wirkenden Querlasten sowie die Gewichtskraft der Dacheindeckung zu tragen und zusammen mit der Platte 1 auf die Auflagerung der Dachtafel abzuleiten.Due to the corrugation of the web, which can be seen in FIG. 2, it is sufficiently stable to bear the transverse loads acting on it and the weight of the roof covering and to derive it together with the plate 1 on the support of the roof panel.

Um dabei eine innige Verbindung zwischen der Platte 1 aus aushärtbarem Material und dem Steg 3 aus Kunststoff zu erreichen, weist er benachbart zu seiner in der Platte 1 verlaufenden Schmalseite 9, mit der er in dem Beton der Platte 1 steckt, Mittel zur Haftungserhöhung auf.In order to achieve an intimate connection between the plate 1 made of hardenable material and the web 3 made of plastic, it has means for increasing the adhesion adjacent to its narrow side 9 which runs in the plate 1 and with which it is inserted in the concrete of the plate 1.

Abgesehen davon, dass in diesem Bereich - was auf den beigefügten Zeichnungen nicht zu erkennen ist - austretende Glasfaserenden und/oder eine Beschichtung mit Quarzsand eine Erhöhung der Rauhigkeit bewirken, die eine bessere Verzahnung des glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffes mit dem Beton bewirken, sind auch noch mehrere, den Steg durchdringende Öffnungen 10 vorgesehen. Diese Öffnungen werden von dem Beton, der das aushärtbare Material der Platte 1 darstellt, durchsetzt, wodurch eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Platte 1 und dem Steg 3 erreicht wird.In addition to the fact that in this area - which cannot be seen in the attached drawings - emerging glass fiber ends and / or a coating with quartz sand cause an increase in roughness, which bring about better interlocking of the glass fiber reinforced plastic with the concrete, there are also several, openings 10 penetrating the web are provided. These openings are penetrated by the concrete, which is the curable material of the plate 1, whereby a positive connection between the plate 1 and the web 3 is achieved.

Insbesondere, indem der Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Öffnungen 10 einem festen Rastermaß entspricht, ist dabei auch zu erreichen, dass durch diese Öffnungen auch die Bewehrung 2, die innerhalb der Platte 1 vorgesehen ist, verläuft. Die Dübelkräfte und die innige Verbindung von Platte 1 und Steg 3 lassen sich noch dadurch verstärken, dass der Durchmesser der Öffnungen 10 mm ein Mehrfaches größer gewählt wird als der Durchmesser der sie durchquerenden Bewehrungsstäbe.In particular, since the distance between two adjacent openings 10 corresponds to a fixed grid dimension, it can also be achieved that the reinforcement 2, which is provided within the plate 1, also runs through these openings. The dowel forces and the intimate connection of plate 1 and web 3 can be further increased by choosing the diameter of the openings 10 mm to be several times larger than the diameter of the reinforcing bars passing through them.

Anstelle einer durchlaufenden Bewehrung können auch nur einzelne Auszugsdorne bzw. Haltestäbe durch die Öffnungen 10 verlaufen.Instead of continuous reinforcement, only individual pull-out pins or holding rods can run through the openings 10.

Insbesondere können die Öffnungen 10 Ω-förmig sein, was bedeutet, dass der Durchmesser 11 der im wesentlichen kreis- oder tropenförmig ausgelegten Öffnungen 10 größer ist als die Lücke 12, die im Umfang 13 der Öffnung 10 zur unteren Kante 9 des Steges 3 vorgesehen ist. Diese Ω-förmige Form begünstigt den angesprochenen Formschluss.In particular, the openings 10 can be Ω-shaped, which means that the diameter 11 of the substantially circular or tropical openings 10 is larger than the gap 12 which is provided in the circumference 13 of the opening 10 to the lower edge 9 of the web 3 , This Ω-shaped shape favors the form fit mentioned.

Wesentlich bei dem hier dargestellten Steg sind auch noch an der Schmalseite 9 der Platte 3 vorgesehene, einstückig angeformte Aufstandelemente 14. Wie in der Figur 4 zu erkennen ist, sitzt der Steg 3 bei der Herstellung des dargestellten Bauelementes mit diesen Aufstandelementen 14 auf einem nicht dargestellten Schalboden auf, auf den die Platte 1 aus aushärtbarem Material gegossen wird. Die Aufstandelemente 14 bilden an der Unterseite 15 der Platte 1 somit nur kaum erkennbare Punkte, während die Unterseite ansonsten geschlossen aus aushärtbarem Material ist.Essential in the web shown here are also provided on the narrow side 9 of the plate 3, integrally molded upstand elements 14. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the web 3 is seated with a stand-up element 14 during manufacture of the component shown Formwork floor on which the plate 1 is cast from curable material. The contact elements 14 thus form points on the underside 15 of the plate 1 which are hardly recognizable, while the underside is otherwise closed from hardenable material.

Gegebenenfalls kann die Bewehrung 2 innerhalb der Öffnungen 10 auch fixiert werden, so dass bei der Fertigung der Platte 1 der Steg 3 die Aufständerung der Bewehrung 2 auf dem entsprechenden Schalboden übernimmt.If necessary, the reinforcement 2 can also be fixed within the openings 10, so that during the manufacture of the plate 1 the web 3 takes over the reinforcement of the reinforcement 2 on the corresponding formwork floor.

Durch Vorsehen der entsprechenden Aufstandelemente 14 jeweils in Extrempunkten der in der Figur 2 zu erkennenden Wellung kann bei der Fertigung der Steg 3 auch eine gewisse stabile Aufstellung erhalten aufgrund einer breiteren Aufstandsbasis, die zumindest der doppelten Amplitude 5 entspricht.By providing the corresponding uprising elements 14 at extreme points of the corrugation to be seen in FIG. 2, the web 3 can also be given a certain stable set-up due to a broader uprising base which corresponds to at least twice the amplitude 5.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 sind noch zwei Besonderheiten des erfindungsgemäßen Steges zu erkennen: Zum einen ist eine zentrische Öffnung 16 vorgesehen, durch die ein Durchführen einer Leitung o. ä. durch den Steg 3 hindurch ermöglicht wird. Außerdem können derartige Öffnungen bei Herstellung und Transport einer erfindungsgemäßen Dachtafel als Angriffspunkt für einen Kranhaken o. ä. benutzt werden.FIGS. 3 and 4 also show two special features of the web according to the invention: On the one hand, a central opening 16 is provided, through which a line or the like can be passed through the web 3. In addition, such openings can be used in the manufacture and transport of a roof panel according to the invention as a point of attack for a crane hook or the like.

Des weiteren erkennt man in den Figuren 3 und 4 Ausnehmungen 17 auf der Oberseite des Obergurtes 6. So kann unter Weglassung der Dachlatten 7 die Konterlattung 8 direkt in derartige Ausnehmungen 17 eingesetzt werden, wobei über den Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Ausnehmungen 17 der für das Auflegen von Dachziegeln notwendige Abstand zwischen benachbarten Konterlatten zu bestimmen ist.Furthermore, one can see in FIGS. 3 and 4 recesses 17 on the upper side of the upper flange 6. Thus, with the omission of the roof battens 7, the counter battens 8 can be inserted directly into such recesses 17, with the spacing between two adjacent recesses 17 being used for hanging up the necessary distance between adjacent counter battens of roof tiles must be determined.

Gemäß Figur 5 kann der Steg 3 seitlich über die Platte 1 hinausgeführt werden, wobei die Platte 1 dann auf einer Deckenplatte 18 oder einer Hauswand 19 aufliegt. Der über die Platte 1 hinausragende Abschnitt 20 des Steges 3 kann dann entsprechend einem bekannten Sparrenkopf gestaltet werden und dabei auch als Träger einer Dachrinne 21 fungieren, die dann über bekannte Rinnenhalter 22 an einer separat vorzusehenden Traufbohle 23 befestigt wird.According to FIG. 5, the web 3 can be guided laterally beyond the plate 1, the plate 1 then resting on a ceiling plate 18 or a house wall 19. The section 20 of the web 3 protruding beyond the plate 1 can then be designed in accordance with a known rafter head and also act as a support for a gutter 21, which is then fastened to a separately provided eaves plank 23 via known gutter brackets 22.

In Figur 6 und 7 ist ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes Betonfertigteil dargestellt, nämlich eine doppelwandige Hohlplatte, die in Figur 7 im Querschnitt dargestellt ist und hergestellt wird unter Verwendung eines Steges 24, wie er in der Figur 6 gezeigt ist. Dieser Steg 24 ist wie der Steg 3 an seinem unteren Ende mit Ausnehmungen 10 bzw. Aufstandelementen 14 versehen, mit denen er in einer Platte 25 steht, und dabei wie oben beschrieben auch die in dieser vorgesehenen Bewehrung 26 trägt.FIGS. 6 and 7 show a further precast concrete element according to the invention, namely a double-walled hollow plate, which is shown in cross section in FIG. 7 and is produced using a web 24, as shown in FIG. 6. This web 24, like the web 3, is provided at its lower end with recesses 10 or stand-up elements 14 with which it stands in a plate 25 and, as described above, also carries the reinforcement 26 provided therein.

Wesentlich ist hier noch, dass der Steg 24 spiegelsymmetrisch ist zu einer Mittelquerebene 27, so dass der Steg auch an seiner oberen Schmalseite 28 entsprechende Öffnungen 29 aufweist, sowie entsprechende Aufstandelemente 30. Damit ist eine Platte 25, die wie oben beschrieben hergestellt wird, nach dem Aushärten zu wenden und kann dann mit ihrem Steg 24 in ein vorbereites Bett aus aushärtbarem Material gestellt werden, das dann die weitere Platte 31 bildet, die wiederum mit einer separaten Bewehrung 32 versehen ist. Man erhält so eine Hohlkammerplatte bzw. ein zweischaliges Wandelement, wobei in den Hohlraum 33 zwischen den beiden Platten 25 und 31 entweder ein Dämm- oder Isoliermaterial gefüllt werden kann oder aber auch ein aushärtbares Material, zum Beispiel Beton. Damit beim Verfüllen mit diesem Isolier- oder aushärtbaren Material dieses durch die Stege 24 hindurchtreten kann, sind auch in diesen wiederum Öffnungen 34 vorgesehen, wie dies in den Figuren zu erkennen ist.It is also important here that the web 24 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central transverse plane 27, so that the web also has corresponding openings 29 on its upper narrow side 28, as well as corresponding contact elements 30. A plate 25, which is produced as described above, is thus finished the curing and can then be placed with its web 24 in a prepared bed made of curable material, which then forms the further plate 31, which in turn is provided with a separate reinforcement 32. In this way, a hollow chamber panel or a double-walled wall element is obtained, wherein either an insulating or insulating material can be filled into the cavity 33 between the two panels 25 and 31, or else a hardenable material, for example concrete. So that when it is filled with this insulating or hardenable material, it can pass through the webs 24, openings 34 are also provided in these, as can be seen in the figures.

Der Vorteil bei den hier beschriebenen Bauteilen liegt insbesondere darin, dass die verwandten Stege 3 bzw. 24 aufgrund ihrer Materialwahl aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff nicht korrosionsanfällig sind. Aufgrund ihrer insbesondere in Figur 2 zu erkennenden Wellung sind diese Stege sehr stabil und über die an dem Steg vorgesehenen Aufstandelemente 14 bzw. 30 treten an Außenseiten der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bauelemente ebenfalls keine korrosionsanfälligen Elemente nach außen.The advantage of the components described here is in particular that the related webs 3 and 24 are not susceptible to corrosion due to their choice of material made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Because of their corrugation, which can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, these webs are very stable and, via the support elements 14 and 30 provided on the web, no corrosion-sensitive elements emerge on the outside of the components produced according to the invention.

Insbesondere kann bei der Herstellung eines zweischaligen Betonelementes, wie es in der Figur 7 dargestellt ist, der Steg 24 auch die Funktion des Abstandhalters zwischen zwei beabstandeten Bewehrungen 26 und 32 übernehmen und somit eine Vereinfachung der Herstellung bei gleichzeitiger Verbilligung aufgrund von Wegfall separater Aufständer- bzw. Abstandelemente ermöglichen.In particular, in the production of a double-shell concrete element, as shown in FIG. 7, the web 24 can also take over the function of the spacer between two spaced reinforcements 26 and 32 and thus simplify the production while at the same time being cheaper due to the omission of separate stand-up or Allow spacer elements.

Figur 8 zeigt eine Dachtafel ähnlich Figur 1. Deshalb werden hier für einander entsprechende Teile die gleichen Bezugszeichen verwendet. Der Unterschied zu Figur 1 besteht in der Verankerung des Steges 3 in der Platte 1: Der Steg 3 weist hier in seinem in die Platte 1 eingetauchten Bereich eine Vielzahl von Bohrungen 10 auf, die in einer geraden Linie in sämtlichen Wellenflanken in Längsrichtung des Steges 3 angeordnet sind. Hier genügt also ein einziger in Längsrichtung durchgehender Haltestab 2, um die gewünschte formschlüssige Verankerung des Steges 3 in der Platte 1 herbeizuführen. Es kann sich dabei um einen ohnehin vorhandenen Bewehrungsstab der Platte 1 oder um einen zusätzlichen Befestigungsstab handeln.Figure 8 shows a roof panel similar to Figure 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used here for corresponding parts. The difference from FIG. 1 is the anchoring of the web 3 in the plate 1: the web 3 here has a plurality of bores 10 in its area immersed in the plate 1, which are in a straight line in all the wave flanks in the longitudinal direction of the web 3 are arranged. Here, a single longitudinal rod 2 is sufficient to bring about the desired positive anchoring of the web 3 in the plate 1. It can be an existing reinforcement bar of plate 1 or an additional fastening bar.

Die Bohrung 10 ist in ihrem Durchmesser wieder erheblich größer ausgeführt als der Durchmesser des Stabes 2, so dass die Flächenpressung am Umfang der Bohrung 10 entsprechend verringert, im Ausführungsbeispiel zumindest halbiert wird.The diameter of the bore 10 is again considerably larger than the diameter of the rod 2, so that the surface pressure on the circumference of the bore 10 is reduced accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment at least halved.

An der Oberseite des Steges 3 ist ein in Steglängsrichtung laufender Obergurt 6 angebracht. Er kann aus dem gleichen Material wie der Steg 3 bestehen und mit ihm verklebt sein. Zweckmäßig erstreckt er sich Ober die gesamte Amplitude des Wellsteges. An seiner Oberseite schließt sich eine Holzlatte 7 an für die Auflagerung der Dachhaut, insbesondere der nicht dargestellten Dachlatten.A top flange 6 running in the longitudinal direction of the web is attached to the top of the web 3. It can consist of the same material as the web 3 and can be glued to it. It expediently extends over the entire amplitude of the corrugated web. On its upper side there is a wooden slat 7 for supporting the roof skin, in particular the roof slats, not shown.

Schließlich sind in Figur 8 noch die beidseits des Steges 3 beginnenden Dämmstoffbahnen 35a und 35b zu erkennen.Finally, the insulating material webs 35a and 35b beginning on both sides of the web 3 can also be seen in FIG.

Figur 9 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform für den Steg. Anstelle des Wellsteges 3 ist hier ein Kastensteg 40 dargestellt. Er besteht aus einem im wesentlichen rechteckigen Hohlprofil aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff mit mehreren Querwänden und ist an seiner in die Platte 1 eintauchenden Unterseite offen, damit der Beton innerhalb des Hohlprofiles das gleiche Niveau wie außerhalb erreicht.Figure 9 shows another embodiment for the web. Instead of the corrugated web 3, a box web 40 is shown here. It consists of a substantially rectangular hollow profile made of fiber-reinforced plastic with a plurality of transverse walls and is open on its underside which plunges into the plate 1, so that the concrete inside the hollow profile reaches the same level as outside.

Zur formschlüssigen Verankerung des Kastensteges 40 weist er in seiner in die Platte 1 eintauchenden unteren Bereich die schon beschriebenen Öffnungen 10 auf, die von einem Verankerungselement 2, insbesondere einem Stab durchquert werden.For the form-fitting anchoring of the box web 40, it has the openings 10 already described in its lower region which plunges into the plate 1 and which are traversed by an anchoring element 2, in particular a rod.

Am oberen Ende trägt der Steg 40 einen in der Wandstärke verdickten Obergurt 6 als einstückig mit ihm verbundenes, integrales Teil, so dass hier kein zusätzlicher Obergurt wie in Figur 8 angebracht werden muss. Hieran schließt sich nach oben die bereits beschriebene Latte 7 an.At the upper end, the web 40 carries an upper flange 6 which is thickened in wall thickness as an integral part which is integrally connected to it, so that no additional upper flange as in FIG. 8 has to be attached here. This is followed by the above-described crossbar 7.

Figur 10 zeigt einen Steg 41 in Form eines trapezförmigen Hohlprofils, das sich von der Platte 1 ausgehend nach oben verjüngt. Im übrigen ist der obere Aufbau praktisch gleich wie in Figur 9.FIG. 10 shows a web 41 in the form of a trapezoidal hollow profile which tapers upwards from the plate 1. Otherwise, the upper structure is practically the same as in FIG. 9.

Ein Unterschied besteht darin, dass der Steg 41 am unteren Ende in U-förmigen Befestigungselementen 42 steckt. Diese Befestigungselemente bestehen aus Baustahl und sind flächig mit den Längsrändern des Steges 41 verklebt. An ihrer Unterseite sind die Befestigungselemente 42 mit Haltestäben oder der Bewehrung 2 verschweißt.One difference is that the web 41 is at the lower end in U-shaped fastening elements 42. These fasteners are made of structural steel and are glued flat to the longitudinal edges of the web 41. The fastening elements 42 are welded to holding rods or reinforcement 2 on their underside.

Damit die metallischen Befestigungselemente 42 eine genügende Beton-Überdeckung erhalten, kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Platte 1 im Anschlussbereich der Kastenstege etwas nach oben zu ziehen.So that the metallic fastening elements 42 receive a sufficient concrete cover, it may be expedient to pull the plate 1 slightly upwards in the connection area of the box webs.

Figur 11 zeigt die Verbindung zweier im Giebelbereich aneinanderstoßender Dachtafeln 1. Dort trägt jede Dachtafel mehrere einbetonierte und mit der Bewehrung verbundene Scharnierteile 36. Diese Scharnierteile ragen an einer abgeschrägten Stirnfläche 1 a der Platten 1 aus diesen heraus und weisen dort jeweils eine Bohrung 36a auf. Die Scharnierteile 36 sind in einem solchen Rastermaß in den gegenüberliegenden Dachtafeln 1 einbetoniert, dass die Bohrungen 36a der aufeinanderfolgenden Scharnierteile 36 bei fluchtenden Dachplatten hintereinanderzuliegen kommen, so dass eine gemeinsame Scharnierachse 37 durch sämtliche Öffnungen 36a hindurchgesteckt werden kann. Beide Dachtafeln 1 sind somit an der Scharnierachse 37 schwenkbar gelagert und können gemeinsam transportiert und aufgestellt werden. Dabei läuft die Scharnierachse 37 zweckmäßig nahezu über die gesamte Breite der Dachtafel und steht in den Bereichen, wo keine Scharnierteile 36 angreifen, für das Einhängen von Lasthaken für den Transport zur Verfügung.FIG. 11 shows the connection of two roof panels 1 abutting one another in the gable area. There each roof panel carries a plurality of hinge parts 36 concreted in and connected to the reinforcement. These hinge parts protrude from the slabs 1 on a bevelled end face 1 a and each have a bore 36 a there. The hinge parts 36 are concreted in such a grid dimension in the opposite roof panels 1 that the bores 36a of the successive hinge parts 36 come to lie one behind the other when the roof plates are aligned, so that a common hinge axis 37 can be inserted through all the openings 36a. Both roof panels 1 are thus pivotally mounted on the hinge axis 37 and can be transported and set up together. The hinge axis 37 expediently runs almost over the entire width of the roof panel and is available in the areas where no hinge parts 36 engage for hanging load hooks for transport.

Außerdem kann die Scharnierachse 37 zur Verankerung einer Firstbohle 43 verwendet werden. Diese Firstbohle - im allgemeinen aus Holz - wird von oben auf den Scharnierbereich aufgesetzt und mittels einer die Firstbohle durchquerenden Hakenschraube 44 an der Scharnierwelle 37 verspannt.In addition, the hinge axis 37 can be used to anchor a ridge screed 43. This ridge screed - generally made of wood - is placed on the hinge area from above and braced on the hinge shaft 37 by means of a hook screw 44 passing through the ridge screed.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 11, dass die beiden Dachtafeln an ihrem oberen parallel zum Giebel verlaufenden Rand jeweils eine außenliegende Armierung 38 tragen. Diese Armierung umgibt U-förmig den oberen Längsrand der Platte 1 und besteht ebenso wie die Scharnierteile aus Edelstahl. Sie kann einen in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Anschlag aufweisen, um die maximale Öffnungsstellung der beiden miteinander verbundenen Dachtafeln zu begrenzen.Finally, FIG. 11 shows that the two roof panels each have an outer reinforcement 38 on their upper edge, which runs parallel to the gable. This reinforcement surrounds the upper longitudinal edge of the plate 1 in a U-shape and, like the hinge parts, is made of stainless steel. It can have a stop, not shown in the drawing, in order to limit the maximum opening position of the two roof panels connected to one another.

Die Armierung 38 oder der nicht gezeigte Keil kann alternativ oder zusätzlich für die Montage der Firstbohle 43 verwendet werden.The reinforcement 38 or the wedge, not shown, can alternatively or additionally be used for the assembly of the ridge screed 43.

Figur 12 zeigt den gegenüberliegenden unteren Rand einer Dachtafel, nämlich dort, wo sie auf einer Gebäudedecke oder Gebäudewand aufgelagert wird. Dazu ist in einem entsprechenden Beton-Auflager 50 des Gebäudes eine horizontal durchlaufende Winkelrille 50a eingeformt, die an die Form und Neigung der Dachtafel 1 angepasst ist. Die Platte trägt an ihrem unteren Rand eine sie umgebende U-förmige Armierung 39, die mit Verbindungsblechen 39a in die Platte 1 einbetoniert und vorzugsweise auch mit deren Bewehrung verbunden ist. Sie besteht aus Edelstahl und weist eine in der unteren Plattenebene liegende untere Auflagefläche 39b und eine dazu senkrechte stirnseitige Auflagefläche 39c auf. Mit diesen Flächen stützt sie sich unter Zwischenlage einer Elastomerschicht 51 flächig auf dem Betonauflager 50 ab.Figure 12 shows the opposite lower edge of a roof panel, namely where it is supported on a building ceiling or building wall. For this purpose, a horizontal continuous groove 50a is formed in a corresponding concrete support 50 of the building, which is adapted to the shape and inclination of the roof panel 1. At its lower edge, the plate has a U-shaped reinforcement 39 surrounding it, which is concreted into the plate 1 with connecting plates 39a and is preferably also connected to its reinforcement. It consists of stainless steel and has a lower support surface 39b lying in the lower plane of the plate and a frontal support surface 39c perpendicular thereto. With these surfaces, it is supported on the concrete support 50 with the interposition of an elastomer layer 51.

Claims (23)

  1. A prefabricated component of concrete or other settable material, particularly a roof panel, including at least one plate (1, 25), which is provided with reinforcement (2, 26) and has webs (3, 24, 40, 41), which extend substantially perpendicularly out of the plate and stiffen the plate (1, 25) and permit a connection with a substantially flat cover (8, 31) extending parallel to it, characterised in that the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) comprise fibre-reinforced plastic panels, which extend at one longitudinal edge into the plate (1, 25, 40, 41) of concrete or other settable material and are anchored there in a form-locking manner.
  2. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (40, 41) are constituted by plastic panels defining a hollow profile.
  3. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the hollow profile is constructed in the form of a rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal profile.
  4. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (3) are constituted by a respective corrugated panel, the corrugated profile extending parallel to the plate (2, 26).
  5. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) have openings at their longitudinal edge extending into the plate (1, 25, 40, 41) for the purpose of their form-locking anchorage.
  6. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that retaining rods (2) pass through the openings (10).
  7. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that in the case of a corrugated web (3), the openings follow one another in the corrugations along a straight line.
  8. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at their longitudinal edge extending into the plate (1, 25), the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) have anchoring elements projecting in the transverse direction.
  9. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 8, characterised in that at their longitudinal edge extending into the plate (1, 25), the webs (40) have fastening elements (42), particularly m etallic U-profiles, to which retaining rods (2) are secured.
  10. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) extend only about 4 cm, preferably only about 2.5 cm, into the plate (1, 25).
  11. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at their longitudinal edge remote from the plate (1, 25), the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) have a stiffening strap (6).
  12. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 11, characterised in that the stiffening strap (6) carries at least one fastening lath (7) for a cover, particularly for a roof skin.
  13. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) have support elements (14) extending into the plate (1, 25).
  14. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the webs (3, 24, 40, 41) rest on the reinforcement (2) of the plate (1, 25).
  15. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the space between adjacent webs (3, 24, 40, 41) is filled with thermally insulating material (35a, 35b).
  16. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, in the form of a roof panel, characterised in that disposed on the upper, horizontally extending longitudinal edge of the plate (1) there are hinge components (36) and that each two opposite roof panels are pivotably connected together.
  17. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 16, characterised in that the hinge components (36) are connected to reinforcement elements (2) of the plate (1).
  18. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 16, characterised in that arranged on the said longitudinal edge there is a sheathing (38) surrounding the plate edge.
  19. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 16 or 18, characterised in that mounted on the hinge components (36, 37) and/or sheathing (38) there is a ridge board (43).
  20. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 19, characterised in that the ridge board (43) i s secured to a hinge pin (37) by means of s crew hooks (44) or the like.
  21. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 18, characterised in that the sheathing (38) carries a wedge, which corresponds with a sheathing of the opposite ridge panel in the manner of an abutment.
  22. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 16, characterised in that arranged on a lower, horizontally extending edge of the plate (1) there is an external sheathing (39) for supporting the roof panel on a roof plate or a wall.
  23. A prefabricated component as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the cover (31) is a further plate of settable material, which is provided with reinforcement (32), and that the web (24) extends into this further plate (31).
EP01117891A 2000-07-21 2001-07-23 Prefabricated concrete slab Expired - Lifetime EP1174555B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10035935 2000-07-21
DE10035935A DE10035935A1 (en) 2000-07-21 2000-07-21 Flat precast concrete

Publications (2)

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EP1174555A1 EP1174555A1 (en) 2002-01-23
EP1174555B1 true EP1174555B1 (en) 2004-04-28

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EP01117891A Expired - Lifetime EP1174555B1 (en) 2000-07-21 2001-07-23 Prefabricated concrete slab

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EP (1) EP1174555B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE265588T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10035935A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1174555T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2220634T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1174555E (en)
TR (1) TR200401675T4 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006017459A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-18 Fischerwerke Artur Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spacer for attaching e.g. mailbox to wall, has insulating layer with anchor bolt having retainer for fastening part, where anchor bolt is made of fiber-reinforced plastic and retainer is formed by borehole
US8466839B2 (en) * 2009-07-17 2013-06-18 Apple Inc. Electronic devices with parasitic antenna resonating elements that reduce near field radiation
US8952860B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2015-02-10 Apple Inc. Antenna structures with carriers and shields
AT517824B1 (en) * 2015-09-21 2017-10-15 Franz Oberndorfer Gmbh & Co Kg Slab, in particular floor or ceiling slab for a building
CN106894554A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-06-27 江西省城建建设集团有限公司 The Sloping roof structure and its construction method of prefabricated board Cast-in-situ Beam

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3024480A1 (en) * 1980-06-28 1982-01-21 Friedrichsfeld Gmbh, Steinzeug- Und Kunststoffwerke, 6800 Mannheim Plastics shallow pitched roofing panels - have mineral covering between external ribs at right angles to slope
DE4100623A1 (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-07-16 Sueba Coop Bauforschung ROOF PANEL FOR TILTED ROOFS
DE19640139A1 (en) * 1996-09-28 1998-04-02 Ibk Ingenieurbuero Bauer U Kal Prefabricated roof panel for pitched roofs in buildings
DE29702931U1 (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-27 Bieber, Hans-Jürgen, 46325 Borken Weather protection roof
DE19721165B4 (en) * 1997-05-21 2011-08-11 Veit Dennert KG Baustoffbetriebe, 96132 Industrially prefabricated lightweight ceiling or roof panels
DE19746778A1 (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-04-29 Dennert Kg Veit Inclined mounting roof and roof panels that can be used for it

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1174555A1 (en) 2002-01-23
ATE265588T1 (en) 2004-05-15
ES2220634T3 (en) 2004-12-16
DE50102103D1 (en) 2004-06-03
DK1174555T3 (en) 2004-07-26
PT1174555E (en) 2004-09-30
DE10035935A1 (en) 2002-01-31
TR200401675T4 (en) 2004-09-21

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