EP1171696B1 - Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters - Google Patents

Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1171696B1
EP1171696B1 EP01907862A EP01907862A EP1171696B1 EP 1171696 B1 EP1171696 B1 EP 1171696B1 EP 01907862 A EP01907862 A EP 01907862A EP 01907862 A EP01907862 A EP 01907862A EP 1171696 B1 EP1171696 B1 EP 1171696B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter element
combustion
particles
fact
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01907862A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1171696A1 (de
Inventor
Matthias Bouchez
Jean-Baptiste Dementhon
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for Regeneration control of a carbon element collection system such as a particulate filter implanted on a gas flow system, for example that of an internal combustion engine, by means of a Differential measurement of the richness of the gases at the terminals of the element filter.
  • a carbon element collection system such as a particulate filter implanted on a gas flow system, for example that of an internal combustion engine
  • the filtration means make it possible to collect the particles exhausted from an internal combustion engine with significant filtration efficiencies, of the order of 80%.
  • the ceramic monolith made from cordierite marketed by the company Corning or the ceramic monolith in silicon carbide marketed by Ibiden or the wound ceramic cartridge.
  • the criterion for triggering the regeneration of the element Filtering can be the variation of the backpressure or pressure loss measured at the terminals of the filter element that can be correlated to its state fouling by soot, as described for example in the patent FR 2 755 623 from the applicant.
  • This detection method is very suitable in steady state.
  • the measurement of the back pressure also allows detect the combustion of soot accumulated in the filter element, because, in steady state, it drops with the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • the exhaust backpressure is subject to large fluctuations when the engine conditions are not stabilized (temperature, air flow, etc.) This is the case for a motor of vehicle which, under normal traffic conditions, operates very often under transient conditions (acceleration, deceleration).
  • the mastery of clogging of a filter element using this type of measurement is difficult in practice.
  • Triggering the regeneration action of the filter element can also be controlled through a measure of the variation of the electrical resistance measured between spaced points along the filter element, variation that is directly related to its state fouling, as described for example in FR 2,760,531 the applicant.
  • the regeneration of the filter can be facilitated by the use additives in the fuel based on, for example, organometallic elements or rare earths, which ends up in the soot deposit and catalyzes the oxidation of soot which results in a lowering of the initiation temperature of the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • organometallic elements or rare earths which ends up in the soot deposit and catalyzes the oxidation of soot which results in a lowering of the initiation temperature of the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • From most commonly used products are cerium, strontium, iron, etc.
  • the use of these elements makes it possible to obtain regenerations at temperatures between 200 ° C and 450 ° C according to the nature of the soot deposit.
  • the temperatures encountered by example to the exhaust of supercharged diesel engines can remain, for certain types of use such as urban journeys, insufficient triggering the combustion of soot.
  • the present invention makes it possible to carry out a very effective control of the regeneration phase of filter elements and operations necessary for their cleaning
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to control the regeneration periodical of a filter element particles carried by a stream gaseous, by combustion thereof. It is characterized in that involves detecting the change in the oxygen concentration of the gas flow between at least a first point upstream of the element filter receiving the flow, relative to the direction of flow and at least one second point downstream of the first, resulting from a triggered reaction combustion of particles accumulated in the filter element, to accurately adjust the duration of the warm-up necessary to trigger combustion and thus to limit better the energy required.
  • the method makes it possible example control the periodic regeneration of a filter element such exhaust, designed to retain particles or soot transported by a gas stream escaping from an engine, by combustion of these particles. It is characterized in that it comprises the detection of the variation of the richness of the exhaust gases between least a first point upstream of the filter element relative to the flow direction, and at least one second point downstream of the first, resulting of a combustion reaction of particles accumulated in the element filter, triggered by a management body sensitive to the variation of detected wealth, in order to precisely adjust the duration of the temperature necessary to trigger combustion.
  • the method may include a process control spontaneous regeneration of the filter element or the triggering an action on the engine's operating parameters for to obtain a substantial rise in the temperature of the gases exhaust or the triggering of heating means associated with the filter element.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to control the regeneration periodical of a filter element retaining particles transported by a gas flow by combustion thereof. It is characterized in that comprises means for detecting the variation of the oxygen content of the gas flow between at least a first point upstream of the element filter receiving the flow, relative to the direction of flow and at least one second point downstream of the first (downstream of the filter element of preference), heating means for raising the temperature of the filter element sufficiently to burn the particles, and means connected to the detection means to adjust the duration of the heating required to trigger combustion, by action on the heating means.
  • the device comprises a first probe of wealth disposed at a first point upstream of the element filtering relative to the direction of flow and a second wealth probe disposed at a second point downstream from the first (preferably downstream of the filter element), relative to the direction of the gas flow, means of heating to raise the temperature of the filter element enough to burn the particles, and a calculator connected to the detection means to adjust the duration the duration of the setting temperature required to trigger combustion, by action heating means, depending on the variation in exhaust gas between the first and the second probe.
  • the heating means may for example be constituted by the engine, the computer being programmed to modify parameters of operation to increase the temperature of gases exhaust, or be associated with the filter element.
  • the device is adapted, in the described application, to control the periodic regeneration of a filter element 1 interposed on a circuit 2 of a combustion engine 3, by combustion of particles carbonaceous pollutants (soot) accumulated therein, by means of a detection of wealth variations between the upstream and the downstream of the element consecutive filtering of this combustion.
  • the device comprises a first wealth probe 4 of a known type, as found currently in the engine exhaust systems, which is disposed here upstream of the filter element 1 relative to the direction of the exhaust gas flow, for example. It also includes minus a second wealth probe 5 of the same type arranged downstream of the first probe 4, towards the outlet of the filter element 1 for example.
  • the two wealth probes 4, 5 are connected to an element computer 6, such as a programmed processor adapted to monitor the evolution of the wealth gap between their respective measures.
  • the soot accumulating in the filter element 1 consists mainly of carbon elements that react with oxygen to form with it essentially CO 2 and CO. Part of the oxygen entering the filter element is therefore consumed by the carbon present in the deposit. The combustion of soot in the filter element is therefore reflected downstream by a deficit of oxygen relative to the upstream measured richness relative to the flow direction of the filter element and this from the first moments of the combustion of soot.
  • the calculator is therefore able in this case to detect the processes of spontaneous regeneration of the filter element.
  • calculator 6 can trigger combustion soot by ordering by any appropriate means an increase substantial temperature of the exhaust gas. It could be an action on the operating parameters of the engine itself or, depending on the case or application envisaged, an action on elements external to the engine itself (such as Heated).
  • the device makes it possible to precisely define when the regeneration procedure can be stopped and thus limit the required energy consumption.
  • the device must be calibrated beforehand to determine the periodicity of soot combustion operations in the filter.
  • the amount of soot that is deposited is either estimated for example on the basis particle emission maps of the engine either by use a filter fouling sensor of a known type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Regeln der periodischen Regeneration eines Filterelements, vorgesehen, um Partikel zurückzuhalten, die durch einen Gasstrom befördert werden, durch Verbrennung von jenen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die Messung der Sauerstoffkonzentrations-Variation des Gasstroms zwischen wenigstens einem ersten Punkt stromaufwärts des Filterelements, das den Gasstrom empfängt, relativ zur Richtung von jenem und wenigstens einem zweiten Punkt stromabwärts des ersten umfasst, die aus einer Reaktion resultiert, die von der Verbrennung der angesammelten Partikel in dem Filterelement derart ausgelöst wird, dass mit Präzision die Dauer des zum Auslösen der Verbrennung notwendigen Aufheizens eingestellt wird, und daher die erforderliche Energie bestmöglich begrenzt wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Regeln der periodischen Regenerierung eines Filterelements (1) wie einem Auspufftopf, das vorgesehen ist, Partikel oder Ruße zurückzuhalten, die durch einen Gasstrom transportiert werden, der von einem Motor (3) ausströmt, durch Verbrennung dieser Partikel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die Detektion der Variation der Fettheit der Auspuffgase zwischen wenigstens einem ersten Punkt stromaufwärts des Filterelements (1) relativ zur Strömungsrichtung und wenigstens einem zweiten Punkt stromabwärts des ersten umfasst, resultierend aus einer Verbrennungsreaktion der Partikel, die in dem Filterelement angesammelt sind, welche ausgelöst wird durch ein Verwaltungsorgan (6), das für die Variation der detektierten Fettheit sensibel ist, derart, dass mit Präzision die Dauer des zum Auslösen der Verbrennung notwendigen Aufheizens eingestellt wird und daher die erforderliche Energie bestmöglich begrenzt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die Detektion von spontanen Regenerierungsvorgängen des Filterelements umfasst.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Einwirkung auf die Betriebsparameter des Motors (3) umfasst, um eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Temperatur der Auspuffgase zu erhalten.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die Verwendung von Heizmitteln umfasst, die dem Filterelement zugeordnet sind, um eine kontrollierte Verbrennung der Partikel zu erhalten.
  6. Vorrichtung zum Kontrollieren der periodischen Regenerierung eines Filterelements (1), das die durch einen Gasstrom transportierten Partikel zurückhält, durch Verbrennung von jenen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Mittel (4, 5) zur Detektion der Variation des Gehalts an Sauerstoff des Gasstroms zwischen wenigstens einem ersten Punkt stromaufwärts des Filterelements, das den Strom empfängt, relativ zur Richtung von jenem und wenigstens einem zweiten Punkt stromabwärts des Filterelements, Mittel zum Heizen, die vorgesehen sind, die Temperatur des Filterelements genügend zum Verbrennen der Partikel zu erhöhen, und Verwaltungsmittel (6), die mit den Detektionsmitteln (4, 5) verbunden sind, umfasst, um die Dauer des Aufheizens einzustellen, die zum Auslösen der Verbrennung notwendig ist, durch Einwirkung auf die Heizmittel.
  7. Vorrichtung zum Kontrollieren der periodischen Regenerierung eines Filterelements (1), das oxidierbare Partikel oder Ruße zurückhält, die durch einen Gasstrom transportiert werden, der von einem Motor (3) ausgestoßen wird, durch Verbrennung dieser Partikel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine erste Fettheitssonde (4) umfasst, angeordnet an einem ersten Punkt stromaufwärts des Filterelements (1), relativ zur Richtung des Gasstroms und eine zweite Fettheitssonde (5), die an einem zweiten Punkt stromabwärts des ersten relativ zur Strömungsrichtung angeordnet ist, Heizmittel, die dazu vorgesehen sind, die Temperatur des Filterelements genügend zu erhöhen, um die Partikel zu verbrennen und einen Rechner (6), der mit den Detektionsmitteln (4, 5) verbunden ist, um die Dauer des Aufheizens einzustellen, die zum Auslösen der Verbrennung notwendig ist, durch Einwirkung auf die Heizmittel in Abhängigkeit der Variation der Fettheit der Auspuffgase zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Sonde.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizmittel aus dem Motor bestehen, wobei der Rechner (6) programmiert ist, um die Betriebsparameter des Motors (3) zu modifizieren, was darauf abzielt, die Temperatur der Auspuffgase zu erhöhen.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizmittel dem Filterelement zugeordnet sind.
EP01907862A 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters Expired - Lifetime EP1171696B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0002216 2000-02-22
FR0002216A FR2805174B1 (fr) 2000-02-22 2000-02-22 Procede et dispositif pour controler la regeneration par combustion, d'un filtre retenant des particules
PCT/FR2001/000505 WO2001063103A1 (fr) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Controle de la combustion en regenerant un filtre de particules

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1171696A1 EP1171696A1 (de) 2002-01-16
EP1171696B1 true EP1171696B1 (de) 2005-08-17

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US (1) US6655132B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1171696B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4364473B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20020005700A (de)
DE (1) DE60112672T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2805174B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001063103A1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2001063103A1 (fr) 2001-08-30
DE60112672D1 (de) 2005-09-22
FR2805174B1 (fr) 2002-05-03
JP2003524106A (ja) 2003-08-12
EP1171696A1 (de) 2002-01-16
JP4364473B2 (ja) 2009-11-18
US20020157383A1 (en) 2002-10-31
DE60112672T2 (de) 2006-06-08
KR20020005700A (ko) 2002-01-17
FR2805174A1 (fr) 2001-08-24
US6655132B2 (en) 2003-12-02

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