EP1162690B1 - Dispositif de connexion autodénudante pour un conducteur électrique gainé - Google Patents
Dispositif de connexion autodénudante pour un conducteur électrique gainé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1162690B1 EP1162690B1 EP01420129A EP01420129A EP1162690B1 EP 1162690 B1 EP1162690 B1 EP 1162690B1 EP 01420129 A EP01420129 A EP 01420129A EP 01420129 A EP01420129 A EP 01420129A EP 1162690 B1 EP1162690 B1 EP 1162690B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- clamping
- connecting device
- stripping
- clamping slot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
- H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type
- H01R4/242—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type the contact members being plates having a single slot
- H01R4/2425—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates
- H01R4/2429—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates mounted in an insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/58—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable
- H01R13/5833—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable the cable being forced in a tortuous or curved path, e.g. knots in cable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of self-marking connection devices for connecting conductors sheathed electric.
- the device allowing this connection self-cutting device includes an electrically conductive jaw having a slot width corresponding substantially to the diameter of the electrical conductor and whose sharp edges are intended, when the introduction of the conductor into the stirrup along the axis of the slot, to incise the insulating sheath to allow electrical contact between the conductor and stirrup.
- the stirrup is mounted in an insulating support having itself a slot that is aligned with the slit of the stirrup, and which ensures the passage of the conductor with tightening of the sheath thereof. If the jaw ensures maintaining the driver, the maintenance and the mechanical strength are improved by tightening the insulating sheath in the slot in the insulating support.
- Patent Application EP 0 720 258 which is considered as the state of the art the nearest, proposes a device for improved connection in which the clamping slot is partly at least offset laterally with respect to the stripping slot.
- the object of the invention is to provide a connection device insulation displacement cable for a sheathed electrical conductor, of the aforementioned type, and in which the tear resistance of the driver in the direction of the slot is improved.
- the invention also aims to improve the immobilization of the cable connected by the clamping slot.
- the axis of the clamping slot is parallel to the axis of the stripping jaw and offset laterally by report to this one.
- the driver follows a path, between the interior of the stirrup and the outside of the insulating support which is not a straight but has the shape of a very open S, which favors the maintenance of the cable and reinforces the tensile strength of the connection made by means of the block according to the invention.
- the clamping slot is inclined and its inclination is such that the area of the clamping slot used for the passage of the conductor, in the connection position, is shifted laterally with respect to the area of the stripping slot receiving the driver in this same connection position.
- the driver again is to give the driver a form that is not straight in order to promote resistance to tearing.
- the slot has a local narrowing which is preferably but not necessarily located near the end of the slot used to the introduction of the driver.
- This local narrowing of the clamping slot then defines a obstacle intended to prevent the cable connected in the direction of the slot.
- the width of the Clamp slot is smaller than its width over the rest of its length.
- the narrowing of the slot in the support insulation is shifted laterally with respect to the axis of the slot on the rest of its length, so as to define a sort of chicane.
- the local narrowing of the slot formed in the insulating support is obtained by conformation of the support insulation when molding it.
- the local narrowing of the slot formed in the insulating support is obtained by fixing on the support of a piece made independently of it.
- the holding in position of the electric cable results, on the one hand, the pinching of the conductive core at the slot of the stripping jaw and, on the other hand, pressure exerted on the sheath insulation surrounding the conductive core of the cable at the clamping slot insulation housing.
- the element of clamping is elastically deformable and has a lower rigidity than of the support element.
- the clamping element comes to press against the element the cable engaged in the clamping slot.
- the clamping element is conformed to present a rigidity which increases as and when the distance from the insertion end of the clamping slot.
- the clamping member has maximum rigidity in a region located opposite the insertion end of the clamping slot, and intended to receive the electric cable in the connection position.
- the clamping element is integral with a side wall of the insulating housing. So preferred but not strictly necessary, the part of the side wall, carrying the clamping element, has a concave outer face intended to promote the elastic deformation of the clamping element and the wall carrying it during the passage of the sheathed conductor.
- the part of the lateral wall, carrying the clamping element is shaped so as to be able to deform when introducing the cable to be connected without increasing, during this introduction phase, the nominal thickness of the insulating housing.
- This advantageous characteristic of the invention makes it possible, during the implementation of several devices, according to the invention, arranged next to each other, to avoid any mess in the juxtaposition when setting up the conductors to be connected. Indeed, to the extent where the side wall deforms during the passage of the driver while remaining in the nominal size of the housing, it does not come to exert constraints on the adjacent housing whose positioning is therefore not not disturbed by the connection of the electric cable.
- the support element level of the insertion end of the clamping slot an element protruding defining a local narrowing of the clamping slot.
- the part of the wall of the housing, carrying the clamping element located opposite the projecting element is thinned.
- the inner face of the side wall of the housing carrying the element has a concave region next to the element projecting.
- the element of clamping has a reinforcement located opposite the projecting element.
- the body of the jaw has a straight section substantially in "C".
- the body of the jaw has a substantially polygonal transverse cross-section which includes a soul from which extend two branches substantially parallel which, unlike the soul, each have a arm whose opposite ends define the edges of the slot of Stripping.
- the arms converge towards one another and to the opposite of the soul of the body of the jaw stripping.
- a junction device or connection according to the invention designated as a whole by the reference 1, comprises an interconnection piece 2 made of electrically conductive disposed in a housing 3 of insulating material.
- the interconnection piece 2 is provided with at least one jaw stripping and connection 4. According to the illustrated example, it must be considered that the interconnection piece 2 has the opposite of the stripping jaw 4 illustrated, a second stripping jaw not shown.
- the stripping jaw is formed by a tubular body 5 having, in one face, a slot of stripping and retaining 6 for incising the insulating sheath 7 of a cable 8 to the conductive core 9 of the cable to connect and retain this conductive soul 9.
- the jaw 4 has a cross section polygonal cross-section which comprises a core 10 from which extend two branches substantially parallel. Each branch 11 has, opposite the web 10, an arm 12 whose free end defines an edge 13 of the stripping and retaining slot 6. It should be noted that the edges 13 are situated on either side of an axial plane P1 of symmetry of the body of the stripping jaw 4.
- the arms 12 converge towards each other, in a direction opposite to the soul 10. This characteristic of the invention makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the restraint of the electric cable 8 when it is put into place in the stripping slot and restraint 6.
- connection chamber 15 inside which is disposed the Stripping jaw 4.
- the connection chamber 15 then presents, in a wall facing the stripping slot 6, a clamping slot 16 for the passage of the electrical cable 8 when connected to the jaw 4.
- the insulating housing 3 has, at the level of an insertion end 17 of the clamping slot 16, an opening 18 for the introduction of the cable 8 in line with the stripping slots 6 and clamping 16 before engagement in these two stripping slots 6 and clamping 16 by a translation movement parallel to the axis ⁇ of the stripping slot in the direction of arrow F1.
- the axis ⁇ 'of the clamping slot 16 is parallel to the axis ⁇ of the slot of stripping and is offset laterally with respect to the latter, in front view of the housing as is more particularly apparent from the figure 2.
- This particular provision of stripping slots 6 and clamping 16 imposes, to the connected electrical cable, a conformation in S favorable to a good immobilization of the electric cable.
- the clamping slot is delimited by two wall elements 20, 21 of the housing 3 each defining an edge of the clamping slot.
- Each of them elements 20, 21 provides a function and presents a behavior different to allow the best possible immobilisation of the cable sheathed electrical engaged in the clamping slot 16.
- clamping slot 16 is delimited by a first wall element "said support” 20 opposite which is disposed a second wall element "called clamping" 21.
- the element 20 defines the edge of the clamping slot 16 closest to a plane axial P1 of symmetry of the stripping jaw 4.
- the support element 20 has a thickness greater than that of the clamping member 21. This difference in thickness is then preference associated with a difference in behavior of the support element 20 and the clamping element 21 during the installation of the cable electrical to connect.
- the clamping element 21 is formed of to deform elastically when introducing the cable 8 to be connected while the support element 20 is shaped to offer a substantially rigid support to the electrical cable 8 which is then pressed against the bearing element 20 by the clamping element 21.
- the clamping element 21 is preferably shaped to have a rigidity that increases as and when measuring the distance from the introduction end 17. The rigidity is then preferably maximum in the area of the slot of clamping 16 located opposite the insertion end 17.
- the clamping element 21 is formed by a rib secured to a side wall 23 of the insulating housing 3.
- the side wall 23 has, at its outer face, a concave region 24.
- the center of the concave region 24 is preferably located in the vicinity of the introduction end 17, so as to to give increasing rigidity to the clamping element 21.
- concave 24 confers on the side wall 23 a thickness which increases as the distance from the introduction end increases 17.
- the concavity 24 of the side wall 23 is dimensioned so that when of introducing a cable into the clamping slot 17, the element of tightening 21 and the side wall 23 deform without increasing the thickness nominal insulation housing 3.
- the stripping slot present, preferably but not exclusively, in the vicinity of his introduction end, a local narrowing 25.
- the narrowing 25 is defined by a protruding element 26 forming an integral part of the support element 20 and being located at the end of introduction 17.
- the element projection 26 defines the narrowing 25 at which the clamping slot 16 has a width less than its width in area 27 at the opposite of the introduction end 17 and in which the cable is located 8 in connection position.
- the wall 23 carrying the clamping element 21 is thinned in its area opposite item 26.
- the inner face of the wall 23 has a concave region 28 located opposite the element salient 26.
- clamping element 21 presents, in a manner preferred but not strictly necessary, a reinforcing element 30 located opposite the projecting element 26.
- This reinforcing element 30 is intended, in association with the salient element 26, to avoid extraction accidental of the latter out of the clamping slot 16.
- the salient element 26 and the reinforcing element 30 as well as the support elements 20 and clamping elements 21 are all designed so as not to hinder an introduction electrical cable in the housing and in the stripping slot while providing, in the manner of a non-return system, a cable retainer, once the latter perfectly connected a little like a system check.
- the narrowing 25 is offset laterally with respect to the axis ⁇ 'of the clamping slot 16, so that the latter has a chicane conformation as the shows figure 2.
- connection device very good resistance to the risks of inadvertent disconnection of connected cable under the effect for example of vibrations or pulls exerted transversely or parallel to the stripping and clamping slots 6 16.
- the offset of the zone retaining the clamping slot in which the electrical cable is located in the connected position is ensured by a complete lateral shift of the axis of the clamping slot 16 with respect to the axis of the stripping slot 6.
- this offset of the retaining zone 26 can be provided in a different way.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention according to which the axis ⁇ 'of the clamping slot 16 is inclined relative to the axis ⁇ of the stripping and retaining slot 6.
- the part 27 of the slot of 16, in which the electrical cable is located in the connection is offset laterally with respect to the slot of stripping 6.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
Description
- une pièce d'interconnexion pourvue d'au moins une mâchoire de dénudage et de raccordement formée par un corps tubulaire présentant, dans une face, une fente de dénudage et de retenue destinée à inciser la gaine isolante jusqu'à l'âme conductrice du câble pour connecter et retenir l'âme conductrice,
- et un boítier isolant définissant au moins une chambre de raccordement à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposée la mâchoire dénudante et qui présente, dans une paroi située en regard de la fente de dénudage, une fente de serrage en partie au moins décalée latéralement par rapport à la fente de dénudage et destinée à pincer la gaine isolante du câble,
Claims (21)
- Dispositif de raccordement autodénudant pour la connexion d'au moins un câble électrique (8) comprenant une âme (9) conductrice entourée d'une gaine isolante (7), du type comprenant :- une pièce d'interconnexion (2) pourvue d'au moins une mâchoire (4) de dénudage et de raccordement formée par un corps tubulaire (5) présentant, dans une face, une fente de dénudage et de retenue (6) destinée à inciser la gaine isolante (7), pour connecter et retenir l'âme conductrice, du câble (8) jusqu'à l'âme conductrice (9),- et un boítier isolant (3) définissant au moins une chambre de raccordement (15) à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposée la mâchoire dénudante (4) et qui présente, dans une paroi située en regard de la fente de dénudage (6), une fente de serrage (16) en partie au moins décalée latéralement par rapport à la fente de dénudage (6) et destinée à pincer la gaine isolante (7) du câble (8),
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'axe (Δ') de la fente de serrage (16) est incliné par rapport à l'axe (Δ) de la fente de dénudage (6) de manière que la zone (27) de la fente de serrage, recevant le câble (8) en position connectée, est décalée latéralement par rapport à la fente de dénudage (6).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'axe (Δ) de la fente de serrage (16) est parallèle à l'axe (Δ) de la fente de dénudage (6).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la fente de serrage (16) comporte un rétrécissement local (25).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le rétrécissement local (25) de la fente de serrage (16) est situé à proximité de l'extrémité d'introduction (17) de la fente de serrage (16).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le rétrécissement (25) de la fente de serrage (16) est décalé latéralement par rapport à l'axe (Δ') de la fente de serrage (16).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le rétrécissement local (25) de la fente de serrage (16) est obtenu par conformation du boítier isolant (3) lors du moulage de celui-ci.
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'appui (20) définit le bord de la fente de serrage (16) situé le plus proche d'un plan axial (P1) de la fente de dénudage (6).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 1 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de serrage (21) est élastiquement déformable et présente une rigidité inférieure à celle de l'élément d'appui (20).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de serrage (21) possède une rigidité qui augmente au fur et à mesure de l'éloignement par rapport à l'extrémité d'introduction (17) de la fente de serrage (16).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de serrage (21) est conformé pour présenter une rigidité maximale dans une région (27) située à l'opposé de l'extrémité d'introduction (17) de la fente de serrage (16) et destinée à recevoir le câble électrique (8) en position de connexion.
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de serrage (21) est solidaire d'une paroi latérale (23) du boítier isolant (3).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la partie de la paroi latérale (23) portant l'élément de serrage (21) présente une face extérieure concave.
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que la partie de la paroi latérale (23) portant l'élément de serrage (21) est conformée de manière à pouvoir se déformer, lors de l'introduction du câble à raccorder sans augmenter, pendant cette introduction, l'épaisseur nominale du boítier isolant (3).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'appui (21) présente, au niveau de l'extrémité d'introduction (17) de la fente de serrage (16), un élément saillant (26) définissant un rétrécissement local (25) de la fente de serrage (16).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la partie de la paroi (23) portant l'élément de serrage (21), située en regard de l'élément saillant (26), est amincie.
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la face intérieure de la paroi latérale (23) du boítier (3) portant l'élément de serrage (21) possède une région concave (28) située en regard de l'élément saillant (26).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de serrage (21) présente un renfort (30) en regard de l'élément saillant (26).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le corps (5) de la mâchoire (4) possède une section droite sensiblement en C.
- Dispositif de raccordement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le corps (5) de la mâchoire (4) possède une section droite transversale sensiblement polygonale qui comprend une âme (10) à partir de laquelle s'étend deux branches (11) sensiblement parallèles qui possèdent, à l'opposé de l'âme (10), chacune un bras (12) dont l'extrémité définit un bord de la fente de dénudage (6).
- Dispositif de raccordement selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les deux bras (12) convergent l'un vers l'autre à l'opposé de l'âme (10) du corps (5) de la mâchoire (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0007460A FR2810165B1 (fr) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Dispositif de connexion autodenudante pour un conducteur electrique gaine |
FR0007460 | 2000-06-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1162690A2 EP1162690A2 (fr) | 2001-12-12 |
EP1162690A3 EP1162690A3 (fr) | 2002-05-15 |
EP1162690B1 true EP1162690B1 (fr) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=8851175
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01420129A Expired - Lifetime EP1162690B1 (fr) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-07 | Dispositif de connexion autodénudante pour un conducteur électrique gainé |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6561840B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1162690B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100668477B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1213516C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60100828T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2208533T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2810165B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3188317B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-28 | 2022-03-30 | Simon, S.A.U. | Contact électrique |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4127896C2 (de) * | 1991-08-22 | 1996-10-24 | Krone Ag | Anschlußleiste für die Fernmelde- und Datentechnik |
GB9220575D0 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1992-11-11 | Weidmuller Klippon Products Li | Electric connector |
DE4341152C1 (de) | 1993-12-02 | 1995-03-16 | Quante Ag | Anschlußleiste zur abisolierfreien Kontaktierung von Adern |
JP2964446B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-22 | 1999-10-18 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 圧接コネクタ |
JPH08180909A (ja) * | 1994-12-26 | 1996-07-12 | Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd | 圧接コネクタ |
JPH1116612A (ja) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-22 | Yazaki Corp | 電線の接続構造 |
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 FR FR0007460A patent/FR2810165B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-06-07 DE DE60100828T patent/DE60100828T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-07 ES ES01420129T patent/ES2208533T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-07 EP EP01420129A patent/EP1162690B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 US US09/875,911 patent/US6561840B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 CN CNB011231696A patent/CN1213516C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-09 KR KR1020010032263A patent/KR100668477B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2810165B1 (fr) | 2006-10-06 |
FR2810165A1 (fr) | 2001-12-14 |
CN1213516C (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
US6561840B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
KR20010112591A (ko) | 2001-12-20 |
KR100668477B1 (ko) | 2007-01-12 |
DE60100828D1 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
ES2208533T3 (es) | 2004-06-16 |
EP1162690A2 (fr) | 2001-12-12 |
CN1328359A (zh) | 2001-12-26 |
DE60100828T2 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
EP1162690A3 (fr) | 2002-05-15 |
US20020031936A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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