EP1144873A1 - Pompe a vide - Google Patents
Pompe a videInfo
- Publication number
- EP1144873A1 EP1144873A1 EP99973101A EP99973101A EP1144873A1 EP 1144873 A1 EP1144873 A1 EP 1144873A1 EP 99973101 A EP99973101 A EP 99973101A EP 99973101 A EP99973101 A EP 99973101A EP 1144873 A1 EP1144873 A1 EP 1144873A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- enclosure
- pump according
- outlet opening
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 63
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F7/00—Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum pump as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention relates more particularly to a new type of vacuum pump which has significant advantages over the pumps currently existing on the market and which operates in the pressure range between 10 "2 mbar and 10 mbar according to an entirely different principle that on which the operation of the existing pumps provided for this pressure range is based.
- the vacuum pumps currently available on the market and intended to work in this range of pressures operate by volumetric gas drive whatever the mechanical device involved. They may, for example, be cam pumps, well known under the name of the pump "Root”, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a primary pump, generally a vane pump or an oscillating piston pump, if it is desired to maintain a pressure of the order of 10 2 mbar to 10 mbar in a vacuum chamber or at the outlet of a molecular pump.
- a "Root” pump is a positive displacement machine which allows to drive the gas at low pressure from the inlet to the outlet of the pump where the gas is at higher pressure, by means of two cams with parallel shafts rotating synchronously in the opposite direction according to a well known principle.
- the tightness of such a pump is ensured by a relatively small clearance, of the order of 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm, which exists between the lobes of the cams and the internal wall of the pump.
- Such a pump has various drawbacks, which are in particular as follows:
- One of the essential aims of the present invention is to provide a vacuum pump which does not have the drawbacks of known positive displacement pumps or of the pumps described and shown in document US-A-5,295,791.
- the pump according to the invention is characterized in that means are provided for subjecting the vibrating element to a vibration with an amplitude of at least twice and preferably greater than a hundred times the mean free path between elastic collisions of gas particles in the enclosure, this mean free path corresponding to the local pressure measured near this vibrating element to allow creating, at a pressure in the enclosure between 10 "2 and 1000 mbar and more particularly between 0.01 and 10 mbar, sound waves forming a succession of compression and depression zones in said gas between the inlet opening and the outlet opening.
- the characteristic dimensions of the passage through the enclosure of the entry to the exit of the latter such as the hydraulic diameter at each location of this passage, which must also be greater than twice and of preferably a hundred times the average free path of the molecules of the gas passing through the abovementioned enclosure and this for gas pressures between 10 "2 and 1000 mbar and more particularly between 0.01 mbar and 10 mbar.
- the aforementioned enclosure has a decreasing cross section relative to the direction of movement of the gas from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.
- the aforementioned enclosure has the appearance of a pavilion with decreasing section from the gas inlet opening to the gas outlet opening.
- Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of a first embodiment of a vacuum pump according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a section along the line II-II in Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view in series connection of several vacuum pumps according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 is an elevational view of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a representation of the evolution of the relative pressure variation, ⁇ p / p 0 , in the pavilion according to FIG. 1 as a function of the distance from the vibrating element.
- the invention relates to a new type of vacuum pump, mainly intended for pumping a gas in a pressure zone between 10 "2 mbar and 1000 mbar and preferably between 10 " 2 mbar and 10 mbar. It comprises an enclosure having, on one of its sides, an inlet opening for the gas to be pumped and, on its opposite side, a outlet opening of this gas, as well as means for causing this gas to flow from the inlet opening towards the outlet opening.
- the aforementioned displacement means comprise at least one vibrating element which makes it possible to create in the gas to be pumped sound waves forming a succession of compression and depression zones in this gas moving naturally in this enclosure.
- This pump is distinguished from known vacuum pumps by the fact that means, known per se and not shown in the appended figures, such as electromagnets, are provided for subjecting the vibrating element to a vibration with an amplitude d 'at least twice and preferably at least a hundred times greater than the average free path between two elastic collisions of gas particles in the enclosure.
- the free path is a function of the local pressure, the nature of the gas, more particularly the molecular or atomic diameter of the gas particles, and the temperature.
- This mean free path is the mean distance traveled by the molecules or atoms of a given gas between two elastic collisions of the latter and is proportional to the T / P ratio in which T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin and P the local pressure.
- T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin and P the local pressure.
- the pressure and temperature of the gas are measured and by means of a graph for this type of gas, the free path in this specific gas is automatically determined at the pressure and temperature measured, (see "Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition "PVD” Processing "by Donald M. Mattox, Noys Publications ISBN 0-8155-1422-0, pages 108 and 109)
- a closing member is preferably provided at the outlet opening which cooperates in synchronism with the vibrating element, so as to release this outlet opening when the pressure gas near this opening is greater than the average pressure, called base pressure p 0 , prevailing at the inlet opening.
- the inlet opening is as large as possible and preferably has a section which is substantially equal to the largest section of the enclosure.
- the entrance opening does not have a closing member.
- the purpose of all these precautions is to ensure a fluid gas regime from the inlet of the enclosure to the outlet of the latter, opposite to a molecular regime, i.e. a regime in which the gas meets the laws of ventilation.
- the pump according to the invention can be composed of one or more stages which may or may not be identical.
- FIGS 1 and 2 which relate to a first embodiment of the vacuum pump according to the invention, schematically represent a single-stage pump or possibly a specific stage of a multi-stage pump.
- This stage or this pump comprises an enclosure or hollow body 1 having, on one of its sides, an inlet opening 2 and, on its opposite side, an outlet opening 3.
- the displacement means forming the motor element of the pump, consist, in this particular case, of a membrane or vibrating plate 4 supported by a frame 5 in the enclosure 1, near the inlet opening 2.
- This plate or membrane 4 makes it possible to create sound waves and therefore alternately compression and decompression zones in the enclosure 1.
- the hollow body or the enclosure 1 has an interior shape in the shape of a pavilion, the section of which decreases in a logarithmic manner from the inlet opening 2 to the opening of outlet 3.
- the means for closing the outlet opening 3 are constituted by a valve 6, supported by an armature 7, which, when the pressure P is higher on the narrow side of the pavilion 1, that is to say near the outlet opening 3, that the base pressure P 0 , opens thereby allowing part of the gas to escape through this outlet opening 3, while an equivalent part of gas enters through the entrance opening 2.
- the valve 6 closes to prevent the gas, which has initially moved towards the high pressure side, that is to say on the side of the outlet opening, to be discharged from the low pressure side of the enclosure 1 near the inlet opening 2.
- the driving effect of pumping is therefore the displacement at the speed of sound of an overpressure wave from the inlet opening 2 towards the outlet opening 3 of the roof 1.
- FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a vacuum pump according to the invention composed of four successive stages A, B, C and D. These four stages are identical and each correspond to the embodiment of the pump, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the enclosures 1 of each of them are connected in series by connecting the outlet opening of a given stage to the inlet opening of the next stage and so on.
- Figure 4 relates to a second particular embodiment of the vacuum pump according to the invention.
- an enclosure 1 extends on either side of the vibrating element 4.
- a single inlet opening 2 is provided near this vibrating element 4, so as to allow the gas to penetrate into the two parts of the enclosure 1 on either side of this element and to propagate towards the outlet opening 3 of each of them.
- the vacuum pumps corresponding to this second embodiment can be connected in series to form a multi-stage pump. To do this, it is sufficient to connect the outlet openings 3 of one of the pumps to the inlet opening 2 of a pump mounted downstream of these outlet openings 3.
- a stationary sound wave is created in enclosure 1 of the pump, according to the invention, the aim of which is to amplify the pressure variations.
- the distance separating the inlet opening 2 from the outlet opening 3 of the enclosure 1, and more particularly the distance separating the outlet valve 6 from the excitation membrane 4, and the frequencies of vibration of the latter are such that they can create this standing wave in the gas contained in the enclosure 1.
- the excitation frequency of the vibrating element 4 must thus be adapted to the speed of sound in the gas to be pumped. This frequency depends among other things on the average molecular weight and the temperature of the gas.
- the excitation frequency should be of the order of 4.5 times higher for hydrogen than for argon.
- the excitation frequency is generally inversely proportional to the square root of the average molecular or atomic mass of the gas to be pumped.
- a pump with a pavilion-shaped enclosure 1 makes it possible to achieve compression ratios with a minimum number of stages. Indeed, assuming the displacement of a sound wave from input 2 to output 3 of pavilion 1, the volume in which an overpressure zone is trapped, occupying a length equivalent to half a wavelength of the sound wave at constant frequency is gradually reduced from the inlet opening 2 to the outlet opening 3 of the stage in question of the pump. It follows that the positive pressure variation considered increases when a sound wave moves from the inlet opening 2 to the outlet opening 3 of the pump in proportion to the ratio of the volumes occupied at the inlet and the exit from the latter.
- the vibration amplitude of the vibrating element 4 is at least equal to twice the average free path between elastic collisions of the particles of the gas in the enclosure 1, at the level of this vibrating element.
- the minimum dimensions of the gas passage section are preferably at least equal to twice the mean free path between elastic collisions of gas particles at this passage.
- the pump according to the invention in particular as illustrated by the appended figures, which makes it possible to obtain high pumping speeds, operates for excitation frequencies of the vibrating element 4 generally less than 20,000 Hz and preferably between 20 Hz and 5,000 Hz.
- the pavilion 1 of the vacuum pump, according to the invention can have very different geometries.
- the line of intersection obtained can have an exponential, straight, or even hyperbolic shape.
- this line can optionally be made up of successive portions of different configurations, for example an exponentially varying part followed by a straight part.
- the pump and more particularly the enclosure 1 of the latter does not necessarily have to be built along a straight axis between the inlet opening 3 and the outlet opening 4. It can be bent, for example for take the form of a hunting horn.
- the pavilion or pavilions of the vacuum pump according to the invention may have a section perpendicular to the direction of movement of the gases of circular, elliptical or polygonal shape, in particular rectangular.
- FIG. 3 It is a pump operating with a so-called identical exponential horn for each of these four stages, respectively provided with a discharge valve 6 and an excitation membrane 4, made of PVDF, in the center of which an electromagnet, not shown, is fixed, and held by the armature 5 while being oriented towards the discharge valve 6.
- the diameter of this excitation membrane is 419 mm, which makes it possible to obtain a useful opening area for the passage of gas comprised between the body of pump 1 and its periphery equivalent to that of the inlet opening 2 with a nominal diameter of 250 mm.
- the area of the excitation membrane 4 represents more than 73% of the maximum opening area of the roof.
- the membrane is vibrated by a central excitation produced by means of the aforementioned electromagnet, forming an electrodynamic device secured to the frame 5, its frequency being directly fixed by the vibration frequency of the electrodynamic device.
- the internal diameter of the roof is 40 mm on the narrow side, that is to say at the outlet opening 3, and 488 mm on the opposite flared side, that is to say at the opening of inlet 2 of each stage for a total length of 1 meter from the excitation membrane 4 to the outlet valve 6 of each stage.
- ⁇ P local pressure variation in the pavilion
- P 0 basic pressure at the entrance to the pavilion
- M average molecular mass of a gas particle
- It can be, for example, the diameter of the inlet opening, the local inside diameter of the roof, etc.
- d geometric dimension (eg diameter of a pipeline or minimum passage dimension for gas particles).
- ⁇ mean free path between two elastic collisions of gas particles.
- the vacuum pump is preferably such that it must at least be able to achieve a total compression ratio greater than 2 per stage at a pressure less than 1000 mbar.
- a high compression ratio, especially greater than 2 means that the vibration amplitude of the excitation membrane is much higher than when the compression ratio is close to unity.
- the gas must behave like a fluid.
- the mean free path between two elastic collisions of gas particles must be much less than the characteristic geometrical dimension in any section of gas passage in the pump, i.e. the enclosure thereof in which sound waves are created, in particular the hydraulic diameter of the gas passage section located between the excitation membrane 4 and the entrance to the pavilion of the enclosure 1.
- This free path must also be significantly less than the amplitude of vibration of the excitation membrane.
- the conductance must be maximum, especially at the inlet of the pump.
- the section of the inlet opening near the excitation diaphragm must be as large as possible and cannot be obstructed by a valve. It is necessary to immediately obtain a fluid flow regime at the level of the membrane and this until the outlet opening. This is therefore especially critical near the inlet opening which is located just upstream of the membrane.
- such a compression ratio is possible by applying a vibration amplitude of the excitation membrane high, from several millimeters to a few centimeters, eg from 5 mm to 10 cm.
- the ratio of the length of the average free path ⁇ between two elastic collisions and the amplitude of vibration a must be less than 0.5 and preferably less than 1%.
- the operation of the pump in resonant mode takes place at the lowest harmonic which is strictly greater than the cut-off frequency of the horn so as to increase the compression rate by reducing the inertial forces opposing the displacement of the membrane.
- the latter is made of a material of low density and with high mechanical strength such as for example a polymer film reinforced with carbon fibers.
- the fundamental resonance mode of 87.5 Hz cannot be used since it is lower than the cut-off frequency of the horn which, in this particular case, is 140 Hz.
- the first harmonic of each stage of the pump, 262.5 Hz can advantageously be used to increase the compression ratio by the formation of a stationary sound wave.
- inlet and outlet connections be as short as possible and have as large cross sections as possible so that their conductances are at least 10 times greater than the pumping speed of the pump.
- the pump in the case where the pump is of rectangular rather than circular cross section and has a variation in area of identical section along its axis, while retaining the length between the outlet opening 3 and the inlet opening 2, as well as the area of the excitation membrane 4, the performances of the two types of pumps are equivalent.
- the excitation membrane 4 in the case where the excitation membrane 4 is rectangular, the latter can advantageously consist of a piezoelectric sandwich film supported by the frame 5.
- the membrane in this case forms a sandwich structure composed of an assembly two PVDF films provided with a metallized coating on their two faces prior to their assembly and secured by means of an electrically conductive adhesive.
- the assembly thus formed can be set into vibration by subjecting the central conductive coating of the piezoelectric sandwich structure to a variation of alternative potential with respect to the potential of the metallic coatings of the external faces of the structure.
- This potential is, moreover, preferably that of the mass of the system.
- the two piezoelectric films must be arranged in such a way that, when one film expands, the other contracts and vice versa, thus forcing the entire sandwich structure held by the armature 5 to take a curvature and to vibrate in a direction perpendicular to its transverse plane at a frequency equal to the electric excitation frequency.
- the vacuum pump according to the invention does not contain rotating parts and therefore does not require the mechanical precautions which are necessary when mounting a cam pump.
- the pump according to the invention does not risk destruction by contact of moving parts and the entrainment of gas from the outlet to the inlet of the pump by adsorption on moving parts.
- the vibrating element, forming the motor member of the vacuum pump according to the invention can be of extremely varied design and construction.
- any light moving part capable of being vibrated by any suitable device for example an electromechanical, electromagnetic, piezoelectric or magnetostrictive device, may be suitable as a vibrating element.
- Another advantage of the pump according to the invention compared to known positive displacement pumps is that it does not require a mobile sealed passage, subject to the possibility of leaks and energy losses by friction, so that it makes it possible to obtain a significant reduction in energy consumption compared to current positive displacement pumps. Finally, unlike what is the case for example in pumps operating by volumetric drive, it does not require a bypass.
- the enclosure can have a constant section between its inlet opening and its outlet opening.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99973101A EP1144873B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-25 | Pompe a vide |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98203970 | 1998-11-27 | ||
EP98203970 | 1998-11-27 | ||
EP99973101A EP1144873B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-25 | Pompe a vide |
PCT/BE1999/000153 WO2000032940A1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-25 | Pompe a vide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1144873A1 true EP1144873A1 (fr) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1144873B1 EP1144873B1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 |
Family
ID=8234382
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99973101A Expired - Lifetime EP1144873B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-25 | Pompe a vide |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6638032B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1144873B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002531756A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE249585T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU767792B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9916870A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2351677A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69911257T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000032940A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200104817B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030223886A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2003-12-04 | George Keilman | Ultrasonic pump and methods |
US7061161B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2006-06-13 | Siemens Technology-To-Business Center Llc | Small piezoelectric air pumps with unobstructed airflow |
US7252178B2 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2007-08-07 | Anest Iwata Corporation | Acoustic fluid machine |
JP2006266204A (ja) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Anest Iwata Corp | 並列型音響圧縮機 |
JP2007255282A (ja) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-10-04 | Anest Iwata Corp | 音響流体機械 |
DE102008046889B4 (de) * | 2008-09-11 | 2017-11-23 | Egm-Holding-International Gmbh | Hyperbolischer Trichter |
WO2010056984A2 (fr) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Mécanisme de régulation acoustique de fluide |
DE102013204353A1 (de) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | OPTIMA pharma GmbH | Behandlungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3743446A (en) * | 1971-07-12 | 1973-07-03 | Atek Ind Inc | Standing wave pump |
US4171852A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-10-23 | Haentjens Walter D | Propulsion of slurry along a pipeline by ultrasonic sound waves |
US4296417A (en) * | 1979-06-04 | 1981-10-20 | Xerox Corporation | Ink jet method and apparatus using a thin film piezoelectric excitor for drop generation with spherical and cylindrical fluid chambers |
US4360087A (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-11-23 | Mechanical Technology Incorporated | Suspension and vibration isolation system for a linear reciprocating machine |
JP2644730B2 (ja) * | 1986-03-24 | 1997-08-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 微量流体移送装置 |
US5020977A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1991-06-04 | Lucas Timothy S | Standing wave compressor |
US5357757A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1994-10-25 | Macrosonix Corp. | Compression-evaporation cooling system having standing wave compressor |
US5231337A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-07-27 | Harman International Industries, Inc. | Vibratory acoustic compressor |
US5295791A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-03-22 | Meise William H | Tapered fluid compressor & refrigeration apparatus |
US5525041A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1996-06-11 | Deak; David | Momemtum transfer pump |
US5515684A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-05-14 | Macrosonix Corporation | Resonant macrosonic synthesis |
JP3680221B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-10 | 2005-08-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 圧縮機及び空気調和装置 |
DE19539020C2 (de) | 1995-10-19 | 1999-04-22 | Siemens Ag | Pumpe zur Förderung gasförmiger oder flüssiger Medien |
-
1999
- 1999-11-25 EP EP99973101A patent/EP1144873B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-25 BR BR9916870-7A patent/BR9916870A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1999-11-25 CA CA002351677A patent/CA2351677A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-25 AT AT99973101T patent/ATE249585T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-25 WO PCT/BE1999/000153 patent/WO2000032940A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-25 US US09/856,860 patent/US6638032B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-25 JP JP2000585553A patent/JP2002531756A/ja active Pending
- 1999-11-25 AU AU13684/00A patent/AU767792B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-25 DE DE69911257T patent/DE69911257T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-13 ZA ZA200104817A patent/ZA200104817B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0032940A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA200104817B (en) | 2002-06-13 |
EP1144873B1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 |
AU1368400A (en) | 2000-06-19 |
DE69911257T2 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
BR9916870A (pt) | 2001-08-21 |
DE69911257D1 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
WO2000032940A1 (fr) | 2000-06-08 |
ATE249585T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
US6638032B1 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
JP2002531756A (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
CA2351677A1 (fr) | 2000-06-08 |
AU767792B2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
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Legal Events
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