EP1144080B1 - Filter zur verwendung in der medizintechnik - Google Patents

Filter zur verwendung in der medizintechnik Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1144080B1
EP1144080B1 EP99967162A EP99967162A EP1144080B1 EP 1144080 B1 EP1144080 B1 EP 1144080B1 EP 99967162 A EP99967162 A EP 99967162A EP 99967162 A EP99967162 A EP 99967162A EP 1144080 B1 EP1144080 B1 EP 1144080B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
smoke
housing
odor
filter device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99967162A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1144080A3 (de
EP1144080A2 (de
Inventor
Charles S. Booth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pall Corp
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Pall Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1144080A2 publication Critical patent/EP1144080A2/de
Publication of EP1144080A3 publication Critical patent/EP1144080A3/de
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Publication of EP1144080B1 publication Critical patent/EP1144080B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/58—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0038—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions with means for influencing the odor, e.g. deodorizing substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2218/00—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2218/001—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
    • A61B2218/007—Aspiration
    • A61B2218/008—Aspiration for smoke evacuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2275/10—Multiple layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1362—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a filter for use in medical procedures, more particularly, for use in laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery.
  • a suitable gas is introduced into the abdominal cavity to inflate the abdomen.
  • the inflation of the abdomen tends to separate the interior organs and to provide an enlarged cavity within which to perform the surgery.
  • one or more trocars can be used to puncture the abdomen, and insufflation gas can be passed through at least one of the trocar(s) to inflate the abdomen.
  • One or more instruments involved in the surgery e.g., a laparoscope, scalpel, laser and/or electrocautery device, can be inserted through the appropriate trocar(s) as needed.
  • the gas used to inflate the cavity is vented from the abdominal cavity.
  • the surgeon may vent gas (including smoke) during the surgery to remove the smoke from the abdominal cavity.
  • the surgeon may release a valve associated with a cannula communicating with one of the trocars and vent the smoke to the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the smoke can be recirculated, e.g., withdrawn from one trocar and reintroduced into the abdominal cavity through another trocar.
  • the smoke can contain toxic, odiferous, and otherwise undesirable material (e.g., benzene, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, viruses, bacteria, cells, and/or body fluids from diseased tissue of the patient) that, if released into the environment of the operating room, could expose the surgeon and the surgeon's staff to a health risk.
  • toxic, odiferous, and otherwise undesirable material e.g., benzene, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, viruses, bacteria, cells, and/or body fluids from diseased tissue of the patient
  • the release or recirculation of this smoke can subject the patient to the risk of additional contamination, e.g., via absorption through the peritoneum, or by entering the body at a location other than the abdominal cavity.
  • the filters have suffered from a number of drawbacks.
  • some of the filters are bulky, and interfere with the surgeon's vision and/or the surgeon's ability to move in and around the surgical site.
  • the filters may be easily plugged, fail to remove sufficient undesirable material and/or may require a labor intensive effort (possibly requiring numerous steps) to operate.
  • Special equipment e.g., instruments, valves and/or evacuators
  • the filters may be unsuitable for use with adjustable gas flow rates and/or gas flow rates of about 1 liter/min or more at standard insufflation pressure.
  • the present invention provides for ameliorating at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a medical filter device for filtering smoke containing gas vented from a patient's body cavity comprising a filter housing having an interior cavity, the housing having at least a first side wall and a second side wall, the first and second side walls each having at least a portion that is flexible and allows gas to pass therethrough; and a smoke filter capable of filtering smoke from gas comprising at least a first porous filter element and a second porous filter element, the first and second filter elements each comprising a hydrophobic retentive member; wherein the filter device is arranged to allow gas to pass into the interior cavity , through the first porous filter element, and through the first side wall of the housing, and through the second porous filter element and through the second side wall of the housing, a conduit terminating in a connector and a flow control device provided in the conduit for controlling the flow of smoke into the filter housing.
  • the filter device removes laparoscopic smoke and reduces odor as the gas passes through the device to the exterior of the housing.
  • Embodiments of the filter and filter device are suitable for use at any desirable constant or variable gas flow rate.
  • the filter device can be easily added to any suitable system (e.g., a system for use in laparoscopic surgery).
  • the filter device (that can be part of a set) allows one-handed gas flow adjustment.
  • Embodiments of the invention are particularly for use in surgical environments, especially for use in laparoscopic surgery, as they can allow the surgical procedure to be completed more quickly and/or cost efficiently, e.g., by reducing the amount of valuable surgeon-, nurse-, technician- and/or operating room-time needed for the procedure. Time savings are particularly advantageous, since, for example, as of 1999, at least one study has estimated the value of time if the operating room during laparoscopic surgery at well over $120 per minute.
  • the gas filter comprises a smoke filter element comprising at least one hydrophobic membrane (preferably a hydrophobic microporous membrane) and/or at least one hydrophobic fibrous medium, through which the fluid (e.g., gas) to be treated passes.
  • the element has two opposing sides (e.g., a first side and an opposing second side, in relation to a fluid to be treated wherein at least a portion of the gas is passed through the element), with a central portion therebetween.
  • the pores in the element generally enable fluid communication between the two opposing sides (e.g., between the first and second sides) of the element.
  • the smoke filter can have any suitable pore structure, for example, a Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) smoke penetration rating, or a pore rating (e.g., ability to remove particles of a given size to a specified degree, as evidenced, for example, by bubble point).
  • the smoke filter can have a pore structure that is uniform, substantially uniform, or it can vary in a continuous, a discontinuous, or a stepwise manner.
  • the smoke filter can have a graded pore structure.
  • the smoke filter includes a plurality of elements and/or layers wherein individual elements and/or layers have different pore structures, e.g., different pore ratings.
  • the smoke filter can comprise a smoke filter element having a plurality of layers wherein at least two layers have different pore ratings.
  • the smoke filter can include additional elements, layers, or structures, which can also be membranes, or other porous media.
  • the smoke filter can include additional components that have different structures and/or functions, e.g., at least one of prefiltration, odor-reduction, support, drainage, spacing and cushioning.
  • the smoke filter includes one or more additional elements, at least a portion of each of the additional elements is flexible.
  • smoke includes gas (e.g., the insufflation gas, as well as some of the material and/or some of the by-products produced by the ablation of tissues and/or blood vessels (e.g., aerosols and droplets).
  • Smoke can include additional material, such as at least one of bacteria and viruses.
  • FIGS 1-5 illustrate a perspective view of an assembled device ( Figure 1), an exploded view ( Figures 2, 4 and 5) and a cross-sectional view ( Figure 3) of embodiments of a filter device according to the invention, wherein the device is arranged to allow gas (e.g., in the form of smoke) to enter the interior of the device, pass through the gas filter(s), and through a portion of the housing of the filter device.
  • gas filter e.g., in the form of smoke
  • each gas filter hereinafter referred to as a "smoke filter”
  • a smoke filter includes a plurality of elements that allow gas to pass therethrough, e.g., a smoke filter element, as well as a prefilter element and/or an odor-reducing element.
  • the smoke filter device 300 comprises filter housing 50, having first side wall 5, and second side wall 55, wherein at least a portion of each of the first and second side walls is flexible (e.g., pliable) and porous.
  • the filter device 300 includes a filter arrangement 200 comprising a first smoke filter 100 and a second smoke filter 101, typically with a space 90 between the first smoke filter and the second smoke filter.
  • the illustrated filter device also includes an inlet 75 including an inlet port, the filter device being arranged to allow gas to pass through the inlet, into the space 90 between the first and second smoke filter 100, 101, wherein a portion of the gas subsequently passes through the first smoke filter 100 and the first side wall 5, and another portion of the gas passes through the second smoke filter 101 and the second side wall 55.
  • the filter device includes a manifold 700.
  • the manifold includes the inlet 75, allowing gas to pass through the manifold and the inlet, and into the space 90 between the first and second smoke filters 100 and 101, wherein a portion of the gas subsequently passes through the first smoke filter 100 and the first side wall 5, and another portion of the gas passes through the second smoke filter 101 and the second side wall 55.
  • the first and second smoke filters 100, 101 each comprise a porous smoke filter element 1, 11 comprising at least one hydrophobic retentive member.
  • the hydrophobic retentive member comprises a microorganism and/or virus retentive member.
  • the hydrophobic retentive member typically comprises at least one membrane and/or at least one depth filter.
  • the smoke filter includes additional elements such as a prefilter element and/or an odor-reducing element.
  • the first and second smoke filters also include a prefilter element 2, 22, and an odor-reducing element 3, 33, wherein the porous smoke filter element 1, 11 is interposed between the prefilter element 2, 22 and the odor-reducing element 3, 33.
  • the hydrophobic retentive member can also provide prefiltration.
  • the smoke filter arrangement 200 is secured to the housing 50.
  • the first smoke filter 100 is sealed to a portion of the first side wall 5
  • the second smoke filter 101 is sealed to a portion of the second side wall 55.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 7b also shows portions of the first and second smoke filters sealed to a portion of the manifold 700.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show two other embodiments of the filter device 300, wherein the smoke filter includes a porous smoke filter element 1, 11 and an odor-reducing element 3, 33.
  • the odor-reducing element 3, 33 is downstream of the porous smoke filter element 1, 11, and in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the odor-reducing element is upstream of the porous smoke filter element.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the filter device wherein the device lacks a housing, and the device is arranged to allow gas to enter the interior of the device, and pass through the gas filters to the exterior of the device.
  • the smoke filter device 300 is utilized as part of a set, which includes additional components set as at least a conduit, a flow control device, and a connector.
  • the set comprises a smoke filter device, at least one conduit at least one flow control device, and at least one connector.
  • Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiments of a set 500, comprising the filter device 300, a connector 550, first and second conduits 501, 502, and flow control device 600.
  • the set includes at least one connector between the first conduit 501, and the filter device 300.
  • Suitable connectors include, but are not limited to, a universal fitting or coupler such as a luer fitting; a push-on fitting such as a barb type fitting, and the like.
  • these components are compatible with the gas being utilized and, for those protocols that include producing smoke, these components are compatible with the smoke being produced in the protocol (e.g., laparoscopy, endoscopy, thorascopy, obstetrics-gynescopy), and can be produced from a variety of materials.
  • the components are compatible with one or more disinfection and/or sterilization protocols, including, for example, using ethylene oxide or gamma sterilization.
  • the housing 50 can be of any suitable configuration and size.
  • the housing is light weight.
  • the housing can be formed without the use of a mold.
  • the housing can be, for example, generally teardrop shaped, round, oval, square, rectangular, or triangular.
  • the housing 50 has a generally bag-like configuration, with first and second side walls, an open end, and a sealed end, wherein the open end is secured (e.g., sealed) to the inlet.
  • the housing 50 has a generally rounded configuration, with first and second side walls, wherein the side walls are secured (e.g., sealed) to the manifold 700.
  • each of the first and second side walls 5, 55 is flexible.
  • at least a substantial portion (e.g., at least about 50% of the area) of each of the side walls is flexible, and substantially all of the housing can be flexible.
  • the filter device can include additional components, e.g., the housing can include a manifold 700 ( Figures 7a and 7b), typically providing a common inlet flow path into interior of the device.
  • a manifold 700 ( Figures 7a and 7b)
  • the manifold can be flexible or substantially inflexible.
  • the housing can comprise one or more screens (e.g., polyester or polypropylene) and/or one or more porous woven and/or non-woven materials, for example, but not limited to, REEMAY TM (Reemay, Inc.), and TYPAR TM (Reemay, Inc.).
  • the housing can include a plurality of layers.
  • the housing 50 comprises one or more sheets of non-woven material that are secured (e.g., sealed) together.
  • the housing can comprise a single sheet that is folded one or more times, before securing.
  • the housing can be sealed, e.g., at the ends, sides, and to other components of the filter device and/or the set (such as, but not limited to, one of more components of the smoke filter, a conduit, a connector, a manifold, or a port), utilizing an adhesive, a solvent, radio frequency sealing, ultrasonic sealing and/or heat sealing.
  • the housing can include any number of seals, with or without a seal to one or more components of the smoke filter and/or to the set.
  • the smoke filter device includes a housing and a smoke filter
  • the smoke filter is associated with the housing to allow gas entering the device to pass through the filter and through the housing.
  • the smoke filter device does not include a housing (e.g., as shown in Figure 6)
  • the device is arranged to allow gas entering the device to pass through the smoke filter to the exterior of the device.
  • the smoke filter comprises at least one porous smoke filter element comprising a hydrophobic retentive member, that typically comprises at least one microporous hydrophobic membrane and/or at least one hydrophobic depth filter medium.
  • the embodiment of the filter device 300 illustrated in Figures 2-6 (as well as the embodiment of the filter device illustrated in Figure 7b) has two smoke filters 100, 101, each comprising a porous smoke filter element 1, 11 comprising a hydrophobic retentive member.
  • the porous smoke filter element can have one section or a plurality of sections and/or can comprise a plurality of layers.
  • the porous smoke filter element can comprise a plurality of media (e.g., at least one hydrophobic membrane and at least one fibrous hydrophobic medium).
  • the DOP smoke penetration rating of the smoke filter element 1,11 is less than the rating for the odor-reducing element.
  • the pore structure (e.g., the pore rating, or the pore size) of the smoke filter element 1, 11 is typically less than the pore structure of the odor-reducing element. In some of those embodiments wherein the smoke filter element 1, 11 is not a depth filter (e.g., wherein the filter element does not provide prefiltration), the pore structure of the filter element is less than the pore structure of the separate prefiltration element.
  • the smoke filter element can be selected in accordance with several factors, including the nature and size of the undesirable materials in the smoke, the desired flow rate, and the acceptable pressure drop across the smoke filter.
  • the smoke filter element substantially prevents the passage therethrough of bacteria. In an even more preferred embodiment, the smoke filter element also substantially prevents the passage therethrough of viruses.
  • the embodiments of the smoke filter element can remove at least about 95% of the bacteria in the smoke, and provide at least about a 4 log viral reduction. In more preferred embodiments, the smoke filter element can remove at least about 99% of the bacteria (in some embodiments, providing at least about 5 log bacterial reduction), and provide at least about a 5 log viral reduction.
  • the smoke filter element can remove essentially 100% of the bacteria (in some embodiments, providing at least about 7 log bacterial reduction), and provide at least about a 7 log viral reduction.
  • the smoke filter element removes at least about 99.97% of smoke particles having diameters of at least about 0.3 ⁇ m or greater, and more preferably, removes at least about 99.999%, or more, (for example, at least about 99.9995%) of smoke particles having diameters of at least about 0.12 ⁇ m.
  • smoke filter element has a DOP Smoke Penetration (e.g., as measured by ASTM D2986-71) at 0.3 ⁇ m at 10.5 ft/minute (5.3 cm/sec) gas flow of at least about 0.03%, more preferably, at least about 0.015%.
  • the smoke filter element 1, 11 has a pore rating (e.g., as evidenced by bubble point) of about 10 micrometers or less, more preferably, about 5 micrometers or less, and even more preferably, about 2 micrometers or less.
  • small particles such as bacteria and viruses are removed by the smoke filter element by diffusion, including strong intermolecular forces (i.e., van der Waals' forces) even the element may have pores of a size larger than the size of the particles (free particles, or particles suspended in a droplet). Additionally, particles, including larger particles, can be removed by at least one of straining, inertial impaction and/or interception.
  • the effective filter area for the smoke filter(s) is at least 12.9 cm 2 (about 2 in 2 ), more preferably, at least about 19.4 cm 2 (about 3 in 2 ). In some embodiments, the effective filter area is about 22.6 cm 2 (about 3.5 in 2 ) or more, e.g., in the range of about 32.3 cm 2 to about 51.6 cm 2 (about 5 in 2 to about 8 in 2 ), or more.
  • the smoke filter element may be produced from any suitable natural and/or synthetic material capable of forming a substrate, fibers or a membrane that is compatible with the gas and smoke.
  • suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), any nylon, e.g., 6, 6T, 11, 46, 66, and 610, polyvinylidene difluroride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), polypropylene, and polyester.
  • Non-resinous materials such as glass fibers, including microglass and/or laminated glass, can also be used.
  • Suitable commercially available media include, but are not limited to, H&V HOVOGLAS TM (Hollingsworth & Vose Company, East walpole, MA) and VERIFLO TM (Enhanced Filter, Ventura, CA).
  • the smoke filter element may remain untreated, or may be treated to increase its effectiveness.
  • Surface characteristics of the element can be modified (e.g., to affect the Critical Wetting Surface Tension (CWST), to include a surface charge, e.g., a positive or negative charge, and/or to alter the polarity or hydrophilicity of the surface) by chemical reaction including, for example, wet or dry oxidation, by coating or depositing a polymer on the surface, or by a grafting reaction.
  • Modifications include, e.g., irradiation, a polar or charged monomer, coating and/or curing the surface with a charged polymer, and carrying out chemical modification to attach functional groups on the surface.
  • Grafting reactions may be activated by exposure to an energy source such as gas plasma, heat, a Van der Graff generator, ultraviolet light, electron beam, or to various other forms of radiation, or by surface etching or deposition using a plasma treatment.
  • the smoke filter element can be initially hydrophilic, and treated to be made hydrophobic, and/or the smoke filter element can be treated to increase its hydrophobicity (i.e., to make it more hydrophobic).
  • the smoke filter element can have a variety of configurations.
  • the element can be substantially planar, pleated, corrugated, or cylindrical.
  • the smoke filter 100, 101 can include additional components such as additional elements.
  • the smoke filter can include one or more upstream and/or downstream elements, such as a prefilter element, an odor-reducing element, as well as support and/or drainage elements.
  • at least a portion each of the elements of the smoke filter is flexible, e.g., pliant.
  • the smoke filter can comprise a composite, e.g., wherein one or more components is secured, e.g., laminated, to the smoke filter element.
  • the additional elements can be separate from the smoke filter.
  • the smoke filter also includes an odor-reducing element.
  • the smoke filter may also include a prefilter element, or the retentive member can provide retention and prefiltration (e.g., the retentive membrane can comprise a plurality of depth filter elements and/or fibrous layers).
  • the smoke filter also includes an odor-reducing element 3, 33, disposed downstream of the hydrophobic member ( Figures 2-4, 7b) or upstream of the hydrophobic member ( Figure 5).
  • the illustrative embodiment shown in Figure 6 does not include an odor-reducing element.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 includes prefilter elements 2, 22 and odor-reducing elements 3, 33. Either of these elements can include a plurality of layers.
  • the prefilter element and the odor-reducing element are very open and have good porosity.
  • the prefilter element and odor reducing element can comprise any suitable woven or non-woven material, and can be formed from natural and/or synthetic material, e.g., fibers, polymeric material and/or glass.
  • Exemplary materials include polypropylene, polyester, polyethersulfone, carbon (preferably activated carbon, e.g., charcoal and/or novoloid fibers) and/or microglass. Carbon can be granular and embedded in a matrix, or fibers mixed in a blend (e.g., a cotton/cellulose blend).
  • the prefilter element comprises a fibrous medium, e.g., including polymeric fibers and/or glass fibers.
  • the odor-reducing element also reduces the passage therethrough of undesirable substances such as other chemical matter and/or organic vapors.
  • the element may reduce the passage therethrough at least one of benzene, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and toluene.
  • the odor-reducing element comprises a carbon medium, preferably an activated carbon medium, even more preferably an activated fibrous carbon medium.
  • a suitable commercially available medium is the activated charcoal ULTRASORB TM (Enhanced Filter, Ventura, CA), e.g., as a fibrous or granulated laminate.
  • AQF ® media AQF Technologies, Charlotte, NC
  • activated carbon in a three dimensional polyester non-woven structure e.g., activated carbon in a three dimensional polyester non-woven structure.
  • the odor-reducing element is downstream of the hydrophobic retentive member, i.e., gas passes through the retentive member before passing through the odor-reducing element.
  • the odor-reducing element can be upstream of the hydrophobic retentive member, and can be the first element in the smoke filter.
  • the smoke filter 100, 101 also includes one or more window elements, e.g., window elements 4, 44 as shown in Figures 2-6 and 7b.
  • window elements 4 can have one or more windows or openings.
  • the embodiments of the window elements 4, 44 shown in the Figures have one window or opening.
  • the window elements and windows can be of any suitable number, size and/or shape (e.g., rectangular, circular, triangular, oval).
  • the smoke filter can include a plurality of window elements having different characteristics (e.g., shape, size and/or number of windows), and a window element can have a plurality of windows of different characteristics.
  • At least one window element provides surface area for securing elements of the smoke filter together and/or for securing the filter to the housing.
  • window elements secured to the smoke filter element 1, 11, and the prefilter element 2, 22, allow these elements to be sealed together.
  • the window elements also allow the smoke filter to be sealed to the inner surface of the side walls of the housing (with the odor-reducing element interposed between the smoke filter element and the side wall).
  • the window elements can also be secured to the manifold 700.
  • the window elements can also allow the inlet to be sealed to the housing.
  • the window elements can be secured to, for example, either of the opposing surfaces of a smoke filter element or a prefilter element.
  • Securing, e.g., sealing can include, for example, utilizing an adhesive, a solvent, radio frequency sealing, ultrasonic sealing and/or heat sealing.
  • radio frequency sealing may be less desirable.
  • Typical materials suitable for producing the window element(s) include, but are not limited to, for example, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and combinations of materials.
  • PVC plasticized polyvinyl chloride
  • polyester polyurethane
  • polycarbonate polypropylene
  • polyolefin polyethylene
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • embodiments of the smoke filter device can be used in any medical protocol that involves venting gas from a patient's body cavity, and can be used with any suitable gas flow rate.
  • the gas flow rate can be constant or variable, and can range from low flow rates, e.g., about 0.5 liters/min or less, or up to about 15 liters/min, or even more.
  • the set also includes a gas flow control device such as a valve, closure or clamp (including a screw clamp or pinch clamp).
  • the flow control device can be operated with one hand. If desired, the flow control device can be adjustable.
  • the smoke filter device is especially useful in those protocols that involve the production of smoke (e.g., created by a laser, electrocautery device, or an ultrasonic tissue fragmentation device).
  • the device is capable of filtering smoke for up to about 6 minutes of cumulative cauterization, or more, with a reduction in gas flow of about 50% or less.
  • the device is capable of filtering smoke for up to about 6 minutes of cumulative cauterization, or more, with a reduction in gas flow of about 40%, or less, e.g., about 30%, or less.
  • the device is capable of filtering smoke for up to about 6 minutes of cumulative cauterization, or more, with a reduction in gas flow of about 20% or less.
  • a smoke filter device can deplete at least one chemical from (e.g., in, or associated with) the smoke, e.g., to provide an exposure limit that is equal to or less than the OSHA standard.
  • Illustrative chemicals present in smoke, and exposure limits include those listed in Surgical Smoke: What We Know Today (Valleylab Inc., Boulder, CO, copyright 1996), e.g., as listed in "Table 5: Chemicals, Exposure Limits, and Associated Health Effects" (page 12).
  • an embodiment of the smoke filter can deplete at least one of the following chemicals from smoke: acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetonitrile, benzene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), styrene, toluene, and xylene.
  • smoke acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetonitrile, benzene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), styrene, toluene, and xylene.
  • Embodiments of the smoke filter device according to the invention can have any number of smoke filters, e.g., a single smoke filter, two smoke filters, or more than two smoke filters, and the smoke filter device can include a housing, or lack a housing.
  • a portion of a smoke filter e.g., a surface of the filter
  • an embodiment of the smoke device can include a housing having at least one portion (e.g., a portion of least one side wall) that is flexible and allows gas to pass therethrough, wherein the device is arranged to allow gas to pass through the smoke filter and the flexible portion of the housing.
  • the housing is substantially inflexible, and/or the smoke filter is substantially inflexible.
  • the housing may include one or more open portions (e.g., on at least one side of the device) that allow gas to pass through a flexible or inflexible smoke filter and through the open portion(s) of the device.
  • the smoke filter device can include a substantially inflexible housing, and can be arranged to allow the smoke filter to flex in the housing during use.
  • a smoke filter device is prepared with the configuration as generally shown in Figures 1-3.
  • Each filter element disc has an effective diameter of 2.25 inches (5.72 cm).
  • the smoke filter elements are PTFE membranes that remove at least 99.999% of smoke particles having diameters of at least 0.10 ⁇ m or greater at 20 Liters/minute gas flow.
  • the prefilter elements are H&V HOVOGLAS TM (Hollingsworth & Vose Co.) fiber elements, and the odor-reducing element are ULTRASORB (Enhanced Filter) activated carbon fibers (grade ACF-200) with a basis weight of 200 g/m 2 .
  • the window elements are PVC sheets, that have been cut to provide a central window with a diameter of 2.25 inches (5.72cm).
  • the housing is REEMAY (Reemay, Inc.) non-woven media.
  • the conduit is flexible PVC tubing.
  • the elements and housing are sealed together to provide a central cavity, bounded by the prefilter elements.
  • the flexible tubing is inserted into the housing and sealed thereto.
  • the filter device that is pliable, is arranged to allow gas passing through the tubing into the central cavity to pass through the downstream prefilters, and subsequently through the smoke filter elements, the odor-reducing elements, and the side walls of the housing.
  • the smoke filter device is connected to a one-handed adjustable gas glow device, an additional conduit, and a luer fitting, that is subsequently connected to a trocar during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal).
  • the CO 2 gas flow (when frequent cauterisation beings) is 11 liters/min (i.e. the decreased in gas flow is less than 10%) at a constant pressure of 15mm Hg (2 kPa) (0.29 psi).
  • the surgeon's vision is not obstructed by smoke in the abdominal cavity and there is no need to stop the procedure and vent smoke from the abdomen. There is no noticeable odor in the gas passing through the smoke filter device.
  • This example shows that a smoke filter device according to the invention is suitable for use in filtering smoke during electrocauterization.
  • a smoke filter device is prepared as described in Example 1.
  • the smoke filter device is connected to a one-handed adjustable gas flow device, an additional conduit, and a luer fitting, that is subsequently connected to a trocar during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal).
  • the CO 2 gas flow (when frequent Harmonic Scalpel TM use begins) is 11 liters/min, and after 9 minutes cumulative harmonic scalpel use, the gas flow remains over 9 liters/min (i.e., the decrease in gas flow less than 20%) at a constant pressure of 15mm Hg (2kPa) (0.29psi).
  • the surgeon's vision is not obstructed by aerosol in the abdominal cavity, and there is no need to stop the procedure and vent aerosol from the abdomen. There is not noticeable odor in the gas passing through the smoke filter device.
  • This example shows that a smoke filter device according to the invention is suitable for filtering smoke and for use with a Harmonic Scalpel TM device.
  • This example is designed to show whether smoke filters included in devices according to the invention can remove volatile organic chemicals in cautery smoke,
  • the first device is prepared as generally described in Example 1, but without a flow control device and an extra conduit.
  • the second device is prepared in a similar configuration; however, the odor-reducing elements are AQF® media 2750 (AQF Technologies, Charlotte, NC) having a basis weight of 600 g/m 2 , rather than the ULTRASORB TM media utilized in Example 1.
  • the third device has a configuration as generally shown in Figure 4, wherein each smoke filter element has two H&V HOVOGAS TM fiber elements, and the odor-reducing elements are ULTRASORB TM activated carbon fibers (grade ACF-200) with a basis weight of 200 g/m 2 .
  • the device does not include a membrane.
  • the window elements, housing (and sealing thereof), as well as the conduit, are as described in Example 1.
  • the smoke filter devices are separately connected to a test chamber.
  • the test chamber includes a lid having two trocar sleeve access ports.
  • a carbon dioxide canister is connected to an insufflator, and an insufflation tubing set connects the insufflator to the chamber.
  • a first trocar is used to pass the cautery scalpel through a trocar sleeve access port into the chamber to create smoke, and the other trocar sleeve access port is used as a collection port for either a filtered sample, or a control sample.
  • the filter device is attached via the second trocar to the collection port.
  • a prepared tube treated with Tenax TA polymer resin (Scientific Instrument Services, Ringoes, NJ) is placed downstream of the filter device to absorb the substances of interest, and the polymer treated tube will be disconnected and the resin desorbed to quantify the substance of interest.
  • the tubes are prepared for quantifying the following substances: 3-methyl-2-butenal, benzene, styrene, toluene, and ethyl benzene.
  • Beef liver is placed on a grounding plate in the test chamber, and the chamber is sealed.
  • the insufflator is turned on and set for 15 mm Hg at a maximum fill rate of 40 Liters/min.
  • the trocar ports are closed via a stopcock.
  • a 10 second cautery burst clouds the chamber, and 6 bursts are created to provide a cumulative total of 1 minute of smoke.
  • the trocar stopcocks are opened, allowing gas to flow through the ports and the filter device for about 30 seconds. The stopcocks are then closed. After recording the total gas flow through the insufflator, the polymer treated tube is disconnected and stored for desorption.
  • the filter device is then removed, and a control tube is attached. Another minute of smoke is provided and passed through the ports as described previously, and the polymer treated tube is disconnected and stored for desorption.
  • the filter device is then reconnected (without a polymer treated tube), and another minute of smoke is passed through the filter.
  • the chamber is then cleared, and a polymer treated tube is connected.
  • Another minute of smoke is provided as described previously (for a cumulative total of 3 minutes of smoke), and the tube is disconnected and stored and desorption.
  • the filter device is then removed, and another control tube is attached. Another minute of smoke is provided as described previously, and the tube is disconnected and stored for desorption.
  • 3-methyl-2-butenal in particular, that is believed to be a substance responsible for a significant portion of the foul odor produced during cauterization, the smoke filter devices deplete 3-methyl-2-butenal to below detectable levels in both the first and third minute of exposure, whereas the control levels range from 23 ng to 42 ng. Odor is not detected in the filtered samples, whereas odor is detected in each of the control samples.
  • these embodiments of smoke filter device reduced the levels of the following organic substances: benzene, styrene, and toluene.
  • This example shows smoke filter devices according to the invention remove organic volatiles, including some of the volatiles thought to be responsible for a portion of the foul odor produced during cauterization.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung zum Filtern von Rauch enthaltendem Gas, das aus einem Körperhohlraum eines Patienten entlüftet wird, umfassend:
    ein Filtergehäuse (50) mit einem inneren Hohlraum (90), wobei das Gehäuse zumindest eine erste Seitenwand (5) und eine zweite Seitenwand (55) hat, wobei die erste und die zweite Seitenwand (5, 55) jeweils mindestens einen Abschnitt aufweisen, der flexibel ist und es erlaubt das Gas hindurchtritt; und
    einen Rauchfilter, der Rauch aus Gas filtern kann mit zumindest einem ersten porösen Filterelement (100) und einem zweiten porösen Filterelement (101), wobei das erste und das zweite Filterelement (100, 101) jeweils ein hydrophobes zurückhaltendes Element enthalten;
    wobei die Filtervorrichtung eingerichtet ist, um zu erlauben, dass Gas in den inneren Hohlraum (90) durch das erste poröse Filterelement (100) und durch die erste Seitenwand (5) des Gehäuses und durch das zweite poröse Filterelement (101) und durch die zweite Seitenwand (55) des Gehäuses hindurchtritt,
    eine Leitung (501, 502), die in einem Verbinder (550) endet und
    eine Strömungssteuervorrichtung (600), die in der Leitung (501, 502) vorgesehen ist, um die Strömung des Rauchs in das Filtergehäuse (50) zu steuern.
  2. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Wand des Gehäuses (5) und die zweite Wand des Gehäuses (55) jeweils ein Nonwoven-Medium enthalten.
  3. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die erste Seitenwand (5) des Gehäuses und die zweite Seitenwand (55) des Gehäuses miteinander dichtend verbunden sind.
  4. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die effektive Filterfläche mindestens etwa 12,9 cm2 (etwa 2 in2) ist.
  5. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner enthaltend ein erstes geruchsreduzierendes Element mit einem Kohlemedium (3) und ein zweites geruchsreduzierendes Element mit einem Kohlemedium (33).
  6. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei das erste poröse Filterelement (100) stromaufwärts des ersten geruchsreduzierenden Elementes (13) und das zweite poröse Filterelement (101) stromaufwärts des zweiten geruchsreduzierenden Elementes (133) angeordnet ist.
  7. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei das erste poröse Filterelement (100) stromabwärts des ersten geruchsreduzierenden Elementes (13) und das zweite poröse Filterelement (101) stromabwärts des zweiten geruchsreduzierenden Elementes (133) angeordnet ist.
  8. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das erste poröse Filterelement (100) und das zweite poröse Filterelement (101) jeweils eine Membran enthalten.
  9. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, ferner umfassend ein erstes Fensterelement (4) mit einem Oberflächenbereich zum sicheren Verbinden von Elementen der Vorrichtungen miteinander.
  10. Medizinische Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, ferner umfassend einen Einlassanschluss, wobei die Leitung (501, 502) mit dem Anschluss in Verbindung steht.
  11. Filtervorrichtung gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei ein Trokar mit dem Verbinder (550) verbunden ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Entfernung von Rauch, der während einer Operation erzeugt wurde, umfassend:
    Durchleiten des Rauchs durch die Filtervorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, um ein von Rauch befreites Gas zu schaffen.
  13. Verfahren zum Filtern von Rauch gemäß Anspruch 12, umfassend:
    Zuleiten von Rauch enthaltendem Gas, das in einem Körperhohlraum erzeugt wurde, in eine Rauchfiltervorrichtung mit einem Gehäuse (50) mit mindestens einer ersten Seitenwand (5) und einer zweiten Seitenwand (55), wobei die erste und die zweite Seitenwand (100, 101) jeweils ein Nonwoven-Medium enthalten, wobei die Vorrichtung einen Rauchfilter enthält, der geeignet ist Rauch zu filtern und zumindest ein erstes poröses Filtermedium (100) und ein erstes geruchsreduzierendes Element (3) und ein zweites poröses Filterelement (101) und ein zweites geruchsreduzierendes Element (33) hat, wobei die ersten und die zweiten Filterelemente (100, 101) jeweils ein hydrophobes zurückhaltendes Element enthalten und das erste und das zweite geruchsreduzierende Element (3, 33) jeweils ein Aktivkohlemedium enthalten;
    Durchleiten des Rauch enthaltenden Gases durch den Rauchfilter und Durchleiten des von Rauch befreiten Gases durch die erste und die zweite Seitenwand (5, 55) des Gehäuses (50).
EP99967162A 1998-11-30 1999-11-22 Filter zur verwendung in der medizintechnik Expired - Lifetime EP1144080B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11022998P 1998-11-30 1998-11-30
US110229P 1998-11-30
US13749799P 1999-06-04 1999-06-04
US137497P 1999-06-04
PCT/US1999/028204 WO2000032296A2 (en) 1998-11-30 1999-11-22 Filter for use in medical procedures

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EP1144080A2 EP1144080A2 (de) 2001-10-17
EP1144080A3 EP1144080A3 (de) 2001-10-24
EP1144080B1 true EP1144080B1 (de) 2007-01-10

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US (2) US6576033B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1144080B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002531235A (de)
AU (1) AU760086B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2352880C (de)
DE (1) DE69934825T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2000032296A2 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2352880A1 (en) 2000-06-08
AU2350000A (en) 2000-06-19
US6746504B2 (en) 2004-06-08
DE69934825D1 (de) 2007-02-22
EP1144080A3 (de) 2001-10-24
CA2352880C (en) 2008-01-29
WO2000032296A3 (en) 2000-11-23
US6576033B1 (en) 2003-06-10
WO2000032296A2 (en) 2000-06-08
DE69934825T2 (de) 2007-10-18
EP1144080A2 (de) 2001-10-17
AU760086B2 (en) 2003-05-08
JP2002531235A (ja) 2002-09-24
US20030200738A1 (en) 2003-10-30

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