EP1143116B1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1143116B1 EP1143116B1 EP01400853A EP01400853A EP1143116B1 EP 1143116 B1 EP1143116 B1 EP 1143116B1 EP 01400853 A EP01400853 A EP 01400853A EP 01400853 A EP01400853 A EP 01400853A EP 1143116 B1 EP1143116 B1 EP 1143116B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- engine
- exhaust
- cylinder
- closing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
- F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
- F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
- F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L2009/25—Mixed arrangement with both mechanically and electromagnetically actuated valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combustion engine internally for a motor vehicle and concerns more especially a particular arrangement of the valves intake and exhaust associated with the cylinders of this motor, as well as means for actuating these valves.
- a classic solution in combustion engines internally for a motor vehicle consists of ordering the movement of the valves at the intake and the exhaust at means of a camshaft that operates directly or indirectly, for example using rockers acting on their stem, these valves against springs of reminder to cause the displacement of these valves vis-à-vis their seat by opening or closing cylinders in the cylinder head of the engine and, according to the case, allow the admission of the combustible mixture injected or otherwise allowed into these cylinders or ejection burnt gases, the various valves of the engine being ordered in sequence to perform the multi-cycle time of this engine.
- Such actuators electromagnetic valves of a combustion engine are, for example, the subject of patent applications 99 09618 of 23 July 1999, 00 01321 of the 2nd of February and 00 01492 of February 7, 2000 in the name of the plaintiff.
- these patent applications relate to improvements to an electromagnetic actuator of this type, whose interest is among others to easily disable some engine cylinders during of the cycle, that is to say to put them out of service when some times of the latter depending on the charging conditions and engine speed, providing a reduction motor consumption without affecting its performance. performance.
- the aforementioned electromagnetic actuators allow to conceive and realize in a very effective a variable distribution, modifying immediately the opening and closing angles of valves, that is to say, during the cycle, the precise moment where each valve, both admission and exhaust, opens or closes, this moment being able to thus be optimally adapted according to the needs.
- the main gain on the overall engine consumption comes from the implementation of this type of actuator and the distribution he makes in the cylinders when he is fitted on an engine intake valve, the checking the openings and closures of this valve to better adjust the air load that is injected into the cylinder, in the same way as realizes the butterfly of the carburettor of a gasoline engine, with the advantage that it avoids any pumping inherent in this last solution, provided that the opening angles and closing the valve are suitably wedged.
- variable setting of the angles of the intake valve makes it possible to benefit fully from internal aerodynamic effects of the intake manifold and to have, therefore, a maximum filling.
- the maximum torque curve of the motor is then strongly improved, especially at low speed. This results in a gain immediate on engine consumption in partial load and also on its maximum torque curve.
- the two other engine cylinders that stay active work with more powers high (usually about twice as high) and so with better yields.
- the actuator which controls directly the armature carried by the stem of the valve, is placed in an environment where the temperature is significantly higher than the one surrounding the same actuator when associated with an intake valve.
- the induced heating results in an acceleration of the Aging of the actuator, in particular winding electromagnet and electrical insulators he includes.
- opening a valve exhaust especially when the engine load increases, requires significant energy to overcome the residual pressure in the cylinder, which can reach up to 8 bars at the time of opening.
- the actuator can provide an effort whose order of magnitude represents the product of the surface of the valve by the difference between the pressure in the cylinder and that which prevails in the exhaust manifold, which is relatively close to the atmospheric pressure.
- the energy required requires the current in the coils of the electromagnet be considerably increased, hence a heat dissipation in these coils that grows with the square of intensity, further increasing the temperature of the environment of this actuator.
- the subject of the present invention is a new arrangement of means performing the actuation of the intake valves and exhaust of an internal combustion engine for vehicle, which overcomes these disadvantages.
- the engine considered as described in document DE 19511880 comprising at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve cooperating respectively with seats arranged on each of its cylinders, the movement of the intake valve to opening and closing with respect to its seat being controlled and controlled by an actuator electromagnetic, while the exhaust valve is controlled by a set comprising at least one system mechanical mechanism such as a lever or the like manipulated by a camshaft, this assembly being independent of the electromagnetic actuator, is characterized in that, to increase its performance, it includes means during a cycle, to deactivate at least one of its cylinders, by simultaneously closing on it the intake valve and exhaust valve, maintained each applied to his seat.
- closing the valve intake and exhaust valve is accompanied by the cutting of the injection of the fuel mixture into the cylinder and ignition in this cylinder.
- the lever operated by the camshaft for control the exhaust valve acts simultaneously on a stop capable of providing a variable reaction force such that the camshaft causes, as the case may be, the control of the exhaust valve or the depression of the stop, in which case the valve remains applied to its seat, the cylinder being deactivated.
- the reference 1 denotes schematically a part of the cylinder head of the engine, in particular to the right of a cylinder 2, connected to two pipes, respectively 3 and 4, the first being reserved for admission into this cylinder 2 of a mixture of gasoline and air, the second to the exhaust burned gases after ignition and combustion of this mixture.
- the injection of the mixture into the cylinder can be carried out in any appropriate way, which in itself does not matter to the invention, for example using an injector 5 schematically illustrated on the drawing and mounted in communication with intake manifold 3.
- the cylinder 2 is associated with at least one valve 6 and at least one exhaust valve 7.
- the intake valve 6 has a head 8 extended by a rod 9, the head 8 being supported on a seat 10 provided on the cylinder head 1, to the right of the link between the intake manifold 3 and the cylinder 2.
- the exhaust valve 7 has a head 11, a rod 12 integral with this head and a seat 13 provided at the end of the tubing 4 by which the flue gases escape.
- a candle or similar ignition member 14 is mounted on the cylinder head 1 to the right of the cylinder 2, so as to allow the creation in the cylinder of the spark causing the combustion of the mixture, according to a process in itself perfectly known.
- the two valves 6 and 7, respectively of intake and exhaust are separately associated, the first to an actuator electromagnetic 17, the second to a device fully mechanical camshaft 16, independent one the other.
- the electromagnetic actuator which controls the intake valve 6 and in particular the control of its deflections vis-à-vis its seat 10, consists of known manner and in particular as described in the requests for aforementioned patent in the name of the applicant, by a electromagnet 17 itself consisting of two coils 18 and 19 between them an air gap 20, delimiting a relatively narrow cavity in which can struggle a metal frame 21, secured to a support 22 axially extending the rod 9 of this valve. of the return springs, respectively 23 and 24, are associated to the rod 9 and the support 22.
- the spring 23 tends to close the valve and the spring 24 to open it: in the absence of current, the valve is half opened.
- a current flows through the upper coil 18 she draws towards her the metal frame 21, closing thus the valve.
- a current flows through the coil lower 19 the latter attracts towards her the frame 21 and the valve opens.
- the mechanism 16, which actuates the exhaust valve 7, essentially comprises a rotary shaft 26 having in its outer surface a projecting cam 27, suitable for come act when rotating the shaft, on a lever or analogous 28 in support at 29 on the end of the rod 12 of the valve 7.
- a spring 30 is provided to ensure the reminder of the head 11 of the latter on its seat 13, when the cam 27 is not in contact with the lever 28.
- the lever 28 is supported on the other hand by an abutment 31 whose positioning is adjustable, consisting in particular in the example shown, by means of a hydraulic system consisting essentially of a piston, connected to the stop 31, lying inside a cylinder whose cavity 32 is permanently fed by a pipe intake 33 of an incompressible fluid, in particular consisting of engine lubricating oil.
- the oil contained in the cavity of the cylinder can the case appropriate to evacuate out of it by another pipe 34, on which is provided a solenoid valve order 35.
- the means thus implemented to control respectively the two valves 6 and 7, allow to easy way to deactivate cylinder 2 if necessary now closed during a cycle of operation, the heads 8 and 11 of the valves remaining applied on their respective seats 10 and 13.
- the same function can be performed by opening the solenoid valve 35 on the channel 34 so as to reduce the pressure in the cavity 32, the lever 28, during the passage of the cam 27, pushing the stop 31, without exerting any effort on the rod 12 of the valve which remains thus closed thanks to the effort of the return spring 30.
- the inventors have found that the system of the invention allowed to reduce the engine consumption and that the deactivation of the cylinder made it possible to increase the gain in consumption, especially when the the engine is low, of the order of 700 to 3500 revolutions per minute, the control of the hydraulic stop not requiring at these rotations particularly switching times limited.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un moteur à combustion interne pour véhicule automobile et concerne plus spécialement un agencement particulier des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement associées aux cylindres de ce moteur, ainsi que des moyens d'actionnement de ces soupapes.The present invention relates to a combustion engine internally for a motor vehicle and concerns more especially a particular arrangement of the valves intake and exhaust associated with the cylinders of this motor, as well as means for actuating these valves.
Une solution classique dans les moteurs à combustion interne pour véhicule automobile consiste à commander le mouvement des soupapes à l'admission et à l'échappement au moyen d'un arbre à cames qui actionne directement ou indirectement, par exemple à l'aide de culbuteurs agissant sur leur tige, ces soupapes à l'encontre de ressorts de rappel pour provoquer le déplacement de ces soupapes vis-à-vis de leur siège en assurant l'ouverture ou la fermeture des cylindres ménagés dans la culasse du moteur et, selon le cas, permettre l'admission du mélange combustible injecté ou autrement admis dans ces cylindres ou l'éjection des gaz brûlés, les diverses soupapes du moteur étant commandées en séquence pour réaliser le cycle à plusieurs temps de ce moteur.A classic solution in combustion engines internally for a motor vehicle consists of ordering the movement of the valves at the intake and the exhaust at means of a camshaft that operates directly or indirectly, for example using rockers acting on their stem, these valves against springs of reminder to cause the displacement of these valves vis-à-vis their seat by opening or closing cylinders in the cylinder head of the engine and, according to the case, allow the admission of the combustible mixture injected or otherwise allowed into these cylinders or ejection burnt gases, the various valves of the engine being ordered in sequence to perform the multi-cycle time of this engine.
Une autre solution, plus moderne, consiste à supprimer l'arbre à cames, dont l'action sur les soupapes est purement mécanique, et à lui substituer un ensemble de distribution électromagnétique où, schématiquement, chaque tige de soupape est associée à une armature métallique qui se débat en va-et-vient dans l'entrefer d'un électroaimant, avec rappel par ressorts de la soupape dans une position moyenne intermédiaire.Another, more modern solution is to remove the camshaft, whose action on the valves is purely mechanical, and to substitute a set of electromagnetic distribution where, schematically, each valve stem is associated with a metal frame that is struggling back and forth in the gap of an electromagnet, with spring return of the valve in a position intermediate average.
Des modes de réalisation particuliers de tels actionneurs électromagnétiques des soupapes d'un moteur à combustion interne font par exemple l'objet des demandes de brevet 99 09618 du 23 juillet 1999, 00 01321 du 2 février et 00 01492 du 7 février 2000 au nom de la demanderesse. Notamment, ces demandes de brevet se rapportent à des perfectionnements à un actionneur électromagnétique de ce type, dont l'intérêt est parmi d'autres de permettre de désactiver aisément certains cylindres du moteur au cours du cycle, c'est-à-dire de les mettre hors service lors de certains temps de ce dernier selon les conditions de charge et de régime du moteur, procurant une réduction significative de la consommation du moteur sans nuire à ses performances.Particular embodiments of such actuators electromagnetic valves of a combustion engine are, for example, the subject of patent applications 99 09618 of 23 July 1999, 00 01321 of the 2nd of February and 00 01492 of February 7, 2000 in the name of the plaintiff. In particular, these patent applications relate to improvements to an electromagnetic actuator of this type, whose interest is among others to easily disable some engine cylinders during of the cycle, that is to say to put them out of service when some times of the latter depending on the charging conditions and engine speed, providing a reduction motor consumption without affecting its performance. performance.
Notamment, les actionneurs électromagnétiques précités permettent de concevoir et de réaliser de manière très efficace une distribution variable, en modifiant de manière immédiate les angles d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes, c'est-à-dire, au cours du cycle, l'instant précis où chaque soupape, aussi bien d'admission que d'échappement, s'ouvre ou se ferme, cet instant pouvant ainsi être adapté de façon optimale en fonction des besoins.In particular, the aforementioned electromagnetic actuators allow to conceive and realize in a very effective a variable distribution, modifying immediately the opening and closing angles of valves, that is to say, during the cycle, the precise moment where each valve, both admission and exhaust, opens or closes, this moment being able to thus be optimally adapted according to the needs.
Le gain principal sur la consommation globale du moteur provient de la mise en oeuvre de ce type d'actionneur et de la distribution qu'il réalise dans les cylindres lorsqu'il est adapté sur une soupape d'admission du moteur, le contrôle des ouvertures et fermetures de cette soupape permettant d'ajuster au mieux la charge d'air qui est injectée dans le cylindre, de la même manière que le réalise le papillon du carburateur d'un moteur à essence, avec l'avantage qu'il évite tout pompage inhérent à cette dernière solution, pour autant que les angles d'ouverture et de fermeture de la soupape soient convenablement calés.The main gain on the overall engine consumption comes from the implementation of this type of actuator and the distribution he makes in the cylinders when he is fitted on an engine intake valve, the checking the openings and closures of this valve to better adjust the air load that is injected into the cylinder, in the same way as realizes the butterfly of the carburettor of a gasoline engine, with the advantage that it avoids any pumping inherent in this last solution, provided that the opening angles and closing the valve are suitably wedged.
En pleine charge, le calage variable des angles de la soupape d'admission permet de bénéficier pleinement des effets aérodynamiques internes du répartiteur d'admission et d'avoir, par conséquent, un remplissage maximum. La courbe de couple maximal du moteur est alors fortement améliorée, notamment à bas régime. Il en résulte un gain immédiat sur la consommation du moteur en charge partielle et également sur sa courbe de couple maximum.In full charge, the variable setting of the angles of the intake valve makes it possible to benefit fully from internal aerodynamic effects of the intake manifold and to have, therefore, a maximum filling. The maximum torque curve of the motor is then strongly improved, especially at low speed. This results in a gain immediate on engine consumption in partial load and also on its maximum torque curve.
D'autres avantages découlent du contrôle de la charge directement par les soupapes avec une commande présentant un temps de réponse quasi instantané, dans laquelle l'inertie des pièces mobiles est largement réduite par rapport à la solution classique. Il en résulte une diminution de la réserve d'avance à l'allumage nécessaire dans les moteurs usuels et permet un fonctionnement dans des conditions où cette avance peut être parfaitement optimisée.Other benefits come from load control directly through the valves with a command presenting an almost instantaneous response time, in which the inertia of moving parts is greatly reduced by compared to the classical solution. This results in a decrease of the reserve of advance with the necessary lighting in the usual engines and allows operation in conditions where this advance can be perfectly optimized.
En revanche, si la même solution d'actionneurs à commande électromagnétique est également envisagée pour les soupapes d'échappement, en éliminant donc en totalité le mécanisme d'arbre à cames classique et en simplifiant par conséquent la structure mécanique du moteur du fait de la suppression des moyens d'entraínement de cet arbre, on accroít sans doute les possibilités de réglage du mouvement des soupapes et notamment d'ajustement de leur angle d'ouverture et de fermeture, en permettant en outre de façon plus efficace de désactiver certains des cylindres au cours du cycle du moteur, quelle que soit la charge de celui-ci.On the other hand, if the same solution of actuators to control electromagnetic is also considered for the valves exhaust, thus eliminating the entire mechanism of conventional camshaft and thereby simplifying the mechanical structure of the engine due to the suppression means of training this tree, it increases without doubts the possibilities of adjusting the movement of the valves including the adjustment of their opening angle and closing, allowing in a more efficient way to disable some of the cylinders during the cycle of engine, regardless of the load of it.
Ainsi, dans un moteur à quatre cylindres, il s'avère intéressant, lorsque la charge du moteur est faible, c'est-à-dire lorsque la quantité d'air admise par cycle est faible, de désactiver deux cylindres en réalisant non seulement la fermeture des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement de ces cylindres, mais également en coupant l'injection et l'allumage, cette solution se révélant particulièrement efficace pour réduire de façon significative la consommation du moteur.So, in a four-cylinder engine, it turns out interestingly, when the engine load is low, that is to say when the amount of air admitted per cycle is weak, disable two cylinders by realizing no only the closing of the intake valves and exhaust of these cylinders but also by cutting injection and ignition, this solution being revealed particularly effective in reducing significant engine consumption.
Dans ce cas, les deux autres cylindres du moteur qui restent actifs, travaillent avec des puissances plus élevées (généralement environ deux fois plus élevées) et donc avec des rendements meilleurs.In this case, the two other engine cylinders that stay active, work with more powers high (usually about twice as high) and so with better yields.
Enfin, dans la solution où toutes les soupapes sont commandées par des moyens électromagnétiques, le contrôle des angles d'ouverture et de fermeture de chacune de ces soupapes permet d'ajuster facilement le taux de gaz résiduel dans chaque cylindre et de réduire les niveaux de polluants dans les gaz brûlés.Finally, in the solution where all the valves are controlled by electromagnetic means, the control opening and closing angles of each of these valves makes it easy to adjust the gas rate residual in each cylinder and reduce the levels of pollutants in the flue gases.
Mais, la mise en oeuvre de cette solution où le moteur ne comporte que des actionneurs électromagnétiques pour toutes les soupapes aussi bien d'admission que d'échappement, solution connue dans la technique sous le terme de "Camless", pose des problèmes techniques importants pour sa mise en oeuvre.However, the implementation of this solution in which the motor comprises only electromagnetic actuators for all the intake and exhaust valves, a solution known in the art under the term " Camless ", poses significant technical problems. for its implementation.
En effet, pour ce qui concerne une soupape d'échappement, on conçoit immédiatement que l'actionneur, qui commande directement l'armature portée par la tige de la soupape, est placé dans un environnement où la température est notablement plus élevée que celle qui entoure le même actionneur lorsqu'il est associé à une soupape d'admission.Indeed, with regard to an exhaust valve, we immediately understand that the actuator, which controls directly the armature carried by the stem of the valve, is placed in an environment where the temperature is significantly higher than the one surrounding the same actuator when associated with an intake valve.
L'échauffement provoqué se traduit par une accélération du vieillissement de l'actionneur, en particulier du bobinage de l'électroaimant et des isolants électriques qu'il comporte. The induced heating results in an acceleration of the Aging of the actuator, in particular winding electromagnet and electrical insulators he includes.
En outre, contrairement à ce qui intervient pour une soupape d'admission, l'ouverture d'une soupape d'échappement, surtout lorsque la charge du moteur s'accroít, requiert une énergie importante pour vaincre la pression résiduelle dans le cylindre, qui peut atteindre jusqu'à 8 bars au moment de l'ouverture. Pour ouvrir cette soupape, en s'opposant à cette pression, il faut que l'actionneur puisse fournir un effort dont l'ordre de grandeur représente le produit de la surface de la soupape par la différence entre la pression dans le cylindre et celle qui règne dans le collecteur d'échappement, laquelle est relativement voisine de la pression atmosphérique.Moreover, contrary to what happens for a intake valve, opening a valve exhaust, especially when the engine load increases, requires significant energy to overcome the residual pressure in the cylinder, which can reach up to 8 bars at the time of opening. To open this valve, by opposing this pressure, it is necessary that the actuator can provide an effort whose order of magnitude represents the product of the surface of the valve by the difference between the pressure in the cylinder and that which prevails in the exhaust manifold, which is relatively close to the atmospheric pressure.
L'énergie nécessaire exige que le courant dans les bobines de l'électroaimant soit considérablement augmenté, d'où une dissipation thermique dans ces bobines qui croít avec le carré de l'intensité, augmentant encore la température de l'environnement de cet actionneur.The energy required requires the current in the coils of the electromagnet be considerably increased, hence a heat dissipation in these coils that grows with the square of intensity, further increasing the temperature of the environment of this actuator.
En pratique, la demande de courant est telle qu'elle dépasse les capacités de l'alternateur conventionnel équipant les véhicules automobiles classiques, la solution exigeant des architectures non conventionnelles d'alternateurs (par exemple deux alternateurs couplés dans le cas d'un réseau de bord de 12 V ou un alternateur de 42 V couplé au réseau de 12 V), ce qui accroít sensiblement le prix de revient de la solution.In practice, the demand for electricity is such that it exceeds the capabilities of the conventional alternator equipping conventional motor vehicles, the solution requiring unconventional architectures generators (for example two alternators coupled in the case of a 12 V onboard network or alternator of 42V coupled to the 12V grid), which significantly increases the cost price of the solution.
Enfin, en raison de la pression résiduelle en forte charge que la soupape d'échappement doit contrer pendant l'ouverture, il en résulte une réduction des performances du moteur. En effet, le passage de l'état fermé à l'état ouvert de la soupape nécessite un temps de transition accru, qui se révèle pénalisant à haut régime et réduit l'efficacité de l'extraction des gaz brûlés du cylindre, la puissance maximale du moteur étant ainsi plus limitée. Finally, because of the residual pressure in heavy load that the exhaust valve must counter during the opening, it results in a reduction of the performances of the motor. Indeed, the transition from the closed state to the state open valve requires a transition time increased, which is penalizing at high speed and reduces the efficiency of the extraction of the burned gases from the cylinder, the maximum engine power is thus more limited.
La présente invention a pour objet un nouvel agencement des moyens réalisant l'actionnement des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne pour véhicule automobile, qui pallie ces inconvénients.The subject of the present invention is a new arrangement of means performing the actuation of the intake valves and exhaust of an internal combustion engine for vehicle, which overcomes these disadvantages.
A cet effet, le moteur considéré tel que décrit dans le document DE 19511880), comportant au moins une soupape d'admission et au moins une soupape d'échappement coopérant respectivement avec des sièges ménagés sur chacun de ses cylindres, le mouvement de la soupape d'admission à l'ouverture comme à la fermeture vis-à-vis de son siège étant commandé et contrôlé à l'aide d'un actionneur électromagnétique, tandis que la soupape d'échappement est commandée par un ensemble comprenant au moins un système mécanique tel qu'un levier ou analogue manoeuvré par un arbre à cames, cet ensemble étant indépendant de l'actionneur électromagnétique, se caractérise en ce que, pour accroítre son rendement, il comporte des moyens propres, au cours d'un cycle, à désactiver au moins un de ses cylindres, en fermant simultanément sur celui-ci la soupape d'admission et la soupape d'échappement, maintenues appliquée chacune sur son siège.For this purpose, the engine considered as described in document DE 19511880), comprising at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve cooperating respectively with seats arranged on each of its cylinders, the movement of the intake valve to opening and closing with respect to its seat being controlled and controlled by an actuator electromagnetic, while the exhaust valve is controlled by a set comprising at least one system mechanical mechanism such as a lever or the like manipulated by a camshaft, this assembly being independent of the electromagnetic actuator, is characterized in that, to increase its performance, it includes means during a cycle, to deactivate at least one of its cylinders, by simultaneously closing on it the intake valve and exhaust valve, maintained each applied to his seat.
De préférence également, la fermeture de la soupape d'admission et de la soupape d'échappement s'accompagne de la coupure de l'injection du mélange carburant dans le cylindre et de l'allumage dans ce cylindre.Also preferably, closing the valve intake and exhaust valve is accompanied by the cutting of the injection of the fuel mixture into the cylinder and ignition in this cylinder.
Dans ce but et selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le levier manoeuvré par l'arbre à cames pour commander la soupape d'échappement, agit simultanément sur une butée apte à fournir un effort de réaction variable tel que l'arbre à cames provoque, selon le cas, la commande de la soupape d'échappement ou l'enfoncement de la butée, auquel cas la soupape reste appliquée sur son siège, le cylindre étant désactivé.For this purpose and according to a particular characteristic of the invention, the lever operated by the camshaft for control the exhaust valve, acts simultaneously on a stop capable of providing a variable reaction force such that the camshaft causes, as the case may be, the control of the exhaust valve or the depression of the stop, in which case the valve remains applied to its seat, the cylinder being deactivated.
D'autres caractéristiques d'un moteur à combustion interne dont la commande des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement est réalisée conformément à l'invention apparaítront encore à travers la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation, donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en référence à la figure unique du dessin annexé qui illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe partielle de la culasse du moteur avec les moyens d'actionnement de ces soupapes.Other features of an internal combustion engine including the control of the intake and exhaust valves is carried out according to the invention will appear again through the following description of an example of realization, given for information and not limitation, in reference to the single figure of the accompanying drawing which illustrates schematically a partial sectional view of the cylinder head of the motor with the actuating means of these valves.
Sur cette figure, la référence 1 désigne schématiquement
une partie de la culasse du moteur, notamment au droit d'un
cylindre 2, réuni à deux tubulures, respectivement 3 et 4,
la première étant réservée à l'admission dans ce cylindre 2
d'un mélange d'essence et d'air, la seconde à l'échappement
des gaz brûlés après allumage et combustion de ce mélange.In this figure, the reference 1 denotes schematically
a part of the cylinder head of the engine, in particular to the right of a
L'injection du mélange dans le cylindre peut être réalisée
de toute manière appropriée, qui en elle-même n'importe pas
à l'invention, par exemple à l'aide d'un injecteur 5
schématiquement illustré sur le dessin et monté en
communication avec la tubulure d'admission 3.The injection of the mixture into the cylinder can be carried out
in any appropriate way, which in itself does not matter
to the invention, for example using an injector 5
schematically illustrated on the drawing and mounted in
communication with
Le cylindre 2 est associé à au moins une soupape
d'admission 6 et à au moins une soupape d'échappement 7.
Sur la figure, la soupape d'admission 6 comporte une tête 8
prolongée par une tige 9, la tête 8 étant en appui sur un
siège 10 prévu sur la culasse 1, au droit de la liaison
entre la tubulure d'admission 3 et le cylindre 2.The
De façon similaire, la soupape d'échappement 7 comporte une
tête 11, une tige 12 solidaire de cette tête et un siège 13
prévu à l'extrémité de la tubulure 4 par laquelle
s'échappent les gaz brûlés.Similarly, the
Une bougie ou organe d'allumage analogue 14 est monté sur
la culasse 1 au droit du cylindre 2, de manière à permettre
la création dans le cylindre de l'étincelle provoquant la
combustion du mélange, selon un processus en lui-même
parfaitement connu. A candle or
Conformément à l'invention, les deux soupapes 6 et 7,
respectivement d'admission et d'échappement, sont
séparément associées, la première à un actionneur
électromagnétique 17, la seconde à un dispositif
entièrement mécanique à arbre à cames 16, indépendants l'un
de l'autre.According to the invention, the two
L'actionneur électromagnétique qui assure la commande de la
soupape d'admission 6 et en particulier le contrôle de ses
débattements vis-à-vis de son siège 10, est constitué de
façon connue et notamment comme décrit dans les demandes de
brevet précitées au nom de la demanderesse, par un
électroaimant 17 lui-même constitué de deux bobines 18 et
19 ménageant entre elles un entrefer 20, délimitant une
cavité relativement étroite dans laquelle peut se débattre
une armature métallique 21, solidaire d'un support 22
prolongeant axialement la tige 9 de cette soupape. Des
ressorts de rappel, respectivement 23 et 24, sont associés
à la tige 9 et au support 22.The electromagnetic actuator which controls the
Le ressort 23 tend à fermer la soupape et le ressort 24 à
l'ouvrir : en l'absence de courant, la soupape est à moitié
ouverte. Lorsqu'un courant traverse la bobine supérieure
18, elle attire vers elle l'armature métallique 21, fermant
ainsi la soupape. Lorsqu'un courant traverse la bobine
inférieure 19, cette dernière attire vers elle l'armature
21 et la soupape s'ouvre.The
Le mécanisme 16, qui actionne la soupape d'échappement 7,
comporte essentiellement un arbre rotatif 26 présentant
dans sa surface externe une came en saillie 27, propre à
venir agir lors de la rotation de l'arbre, sur un levier ou
analogue 28 en appui en 29 sur l'extrémité de la tige 12 de
la soupape 7. Un ressort 30 est prévu pour assurer le
rappel de la tête 11 de cette dernière sur son siège 13,
lorsque la came 27 n'est pas en contact avec le levier 28. The
Le levier 28 s'appuie d'autre part sur une butée 31 dont le
positionnement est réglable, constituée notamment, dans
l'exemple représenté, au moyen d'un système hydraulique
constitué essentiellement d'un piston, lié à la butée 31,
se trouvant à l'intérieur d'un cylindre dont la cavité 32
est alimentée en permanence par une canalisation
d'admission 33 d'un fluide incompressible, en particulier
constitué par l'huile de lubrification du moteur.The
L'huile contenue dans la cavité du cylindre peut le cas
échéant s'évacuer hors de celle-ci par une autre
canalisation 34, sur laquelle est prévue une électrovanne
de commande 35.The oil contained in the cavity of the cylinder can the case
appropriate to evacuate out of it by another
En fonctionnement normal, le levier 28, en appui sur la
butée 31, provoque à chaque passage de la came 27 de
l'arbre 26 un effort sur la tige 12 de la soupape 7 à
l'encontre du ressort 30, en réalisant l'ouverture de la
soupape qui est décollée de son siège 13, donc en assurant
la mise en communication du cylindre et de la tubulure 4
pour l'échappement des gaz brûlés.In normal operation, the
Toutefois, les moyens ainsi mis en oeuvre pour commander
respectivement les deux soupapes 6 et 7, permettent de
façon simple de désactiver s'il y a lieu le cylindre 2 en
le maintenant fermé au cours d'un cycle de fonctionnement,
les têtes 8 et 11 des soupapes restant appliquées sur leurs
sièges respectifs 10 et 13.However, the means thus implemented to control
respectively the two
En ce qui concerne l'actionneur électromagnétique 15, on
conçoit immédiatement que la désactivation de la soupape
d'admission 6 peut être obtenue de la façon la plus simple
en alimentant électriquement la bobine 18.With regard to the electromagnetic actuator 15,
immediately conceives that the deactivation of the
En revanche, pour le mécanisme 16, la même fonction peut
être réalisée en ouvrant l'électrovanne 35 sur la
canalisation 34 de manière à faire chuter la pression dans
la cavité 32, le levier 28, lors du passage de la came 27,
repoussant la butée 31, sans exercer d'effort sur la tige
12 de la soupape qui reste ainsi fermée grâce à l'effort du
ressort de rappel 30.On the other hand, for
Les inventeurs ont constaté que le système de l'invention permettait de diminuer la consommation du moteur et que la désactivation du cylindre permettait d'accroítre encore le gain sur la consommation, en particulier lorsque le régime du moteur est faible, de l'ordre de 700 à 3500 tours par minute, la commande de la butée hydraulique n'exigeant pas à ces rotations des temps de commutation particulièrement limités.The inventors have found that the system of the invention allowed to reduce the engine consumption and that the deactivation of the cylinder made it possible to increase the gain in consumption, especially when the the engine is low, of the order of 700 to 3500 revolutions per minute, the control of the hydraulic stop not requiring at these rotations particularly switching times limited.
En parallèle, on peut bien entendu, lorsque le cylindre 2
est désactivé, ses soupapes restant fermées, supprimer
l'injection et couper l'allumage.In parallel, one can of course, when the
On réalise ainsi un moteur à combustion interne de conception simple, qui combine les avantages d'un actionneur électromagnétique et d'un actionneur classique à arbre à cames, purement mécanique, la mise en oeuvre simultanée de ces deux solutions, respectivement sur les soupapes d'admission et d'échappement, qui n'implique qu'un coût réduit, ne conduisant pas à une limitation sur les possibilités de pilotage du croisement, c'est-à-dire sur le choix du moment où, en régime normal, chaque soupape d'échappement se ferme en même temps que s'ouvre la soupape d'admission.This produces an internal combustion engine of simple design, which combines the advantages of a electromagnetic actuator and a conventional actuator to camshaft, purely mechanical, the implementation these two solutions, respectively on the intake and exhaust valves, which only imply reduced cost, not leading to a limitation on the Possibilities for steering the crossing, that is to say on the choice of when, under normal conditions, each valve exhaust closes as the valve opens intake.
Bien entendu, il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple de réalisation plus spécialement décrit ci-dessus en référence aux dessins annexés ; elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes.Of course, it goes without saying that the invention is not limited to to the embodiment more specifically described above with reference to the accompanying drawings; she embraces on the contrary all variants.
Claims (3)
- Internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one inlet valve (6) and at least one exhaust valve (7) co-operating respectively with seats (10, 13) made on each of its cylinders (2), the movement of the inlet valve on both opening and closing with respect to its seat being controlled and monitored by means of an electromagnetic actuator (17), while the exhaust valve is controlled by an assembly (16) comprising at least one mechanical system such as a lever or the like (28) operated by a cam (27) shaft (26), this assembly being independent of the electromagnetic actuator, said engine being characterised in that, in order to increase its output while deactivating, during a cycle, at least one of its cylinders, the engine comprises means (18) for controlling the closing of the inlet valve (6) and means (32, 34, 35) for controlling the closing of the exhaust valve (7) so as to keep the valves (6, 7) applied simultaneously on their seats.
- Engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the closing of the inlet valve (6) and of the exhaust valve (7) is accompanied by the cutting off of injection of the fuel mixture in the cylinder (2) and of ignition in this cylinder.
- Engine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the lever (28) operated by the cam (27) shaft (26) for controlling the exhaust valve (7), acts simultaneously on a thrust bearing (31) capable of providing a variable reaction effort such that, depending on the case, the camshaft causes the exhaust to be controlled or the thrust bearing to be depressed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0004351A FR2807467B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 | 2000-04-05 | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
| FR0004351 | 2000-04-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1143116A1 EP1143116A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
| EP1143116B1 true EP1143116B1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
Family
ID=8848898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01400853A Expired - Lifetime EP1143116B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 | 2001-04-03 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1143116B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE295932T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60110862T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2239108T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2807467B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004060433A1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-07-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Cam follower for actuating a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine |
| JP4144625B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2008-09-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Camshaft support structure for internal combustion engine |
| US7930087B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2011-04-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle braking control |
| US7762237B2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2010-07-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for determining valve degradation |
| FR2975133B1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2016-02-05 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE INTAKE AND EXHAUST OF AT LEAST ONE DISABLED CYLINDER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND DEVICE USING SUCH A METHOD |
| CN104775869A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | 梁华羽 | Combined distribution mechanism for engine |
| ES2954608A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-11-23 | De Castro De La Fuente Jose Luis Bermudez | DUAL VALVE DRIVING METHOD AND VALVE DRIVING SYSTEM WHERE IT IS APPLIED (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53123310U (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-09-30 | ||
| JPS5990718A (en) * | 1982-11-15 | 1984-05-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Control device for intake valve of engine |
| EP0663042B1 (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1997-04-23 | FEV Motorentechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Four-stroke petrol engine with hybrid control |
| GB9717471D0 (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1997-10-22 | M A Com Greenpar Limited | Coaxial cable connector |
| JPH11324623A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-26 | Isuzu Ceramics Res Inst Co Ltd | Engine provided with intake valve operation control device |
| CA2303094A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-13 | Eugene H. Gans | Methods and compositions for producing a cooling effect in tissues |
| JP3466480B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2003-11-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Nozzle for liquid ejection device and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6009841A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-01-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Internal combustion engine having hybrid cylinder valve actuation system |
-
2000
- 2000-04-05 FR FR0004351A patent/FR2807467B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-03 DE DE60110862T patent/DE60110862T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-03 EP EP01400853A patent/EP1143116B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-03 ES ES01400853T patent/ES2239108T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-03 AT AT01400853T patent/ATE295932T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE295932T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| FR2807467B1 (en) | 2002-06-07 |
| ES2239108T3 (en) | 2005-09-16 |
| EP1143116A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
| FR2807467A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 |
| DE60110862D1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| DE60110862T2 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
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