EP1136760B1 - Heating and air conditioning installation comprising a box with a radiant surface - Google Patents

Heating and air conditioning installation comprising a box with a radiant surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1136760B1
EP1136760B1 EP01400709A EP01400709A EP1136760B1 EP 1136760 B1 EP1136760 B1 EP 1136760B1 EP 01400709 A EP01400709 A EP 01400709A EP 01400709 A EP01400709 A EP 01400709A EP 1136760 B1 EP1136760 B1 EP 1136760B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
fluid
cold
air
conditioning
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01400709A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1136760A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Paul Denis
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Johnson Controls Enterprises SAS
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Johnson Controls MC International SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F24F3/08—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with separate supply and return lines for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids i.e. so-called "4-conduit" system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating and air conditioning installation, and a method installation of such an installation.
  • the technical field of the invention is the heating and air conditioning of residential premises for residential, public or professional use.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to premises equipped with a heating network central and an isolated air conditioning network or a multipurpose isolated network depending on the season to distribute hot water or cold water.
  • water is used broadly, and obviously includes any fluid can be used for such networks, with or without additive such as antifreeze or like.
  • Heating and air conditioning networks include at least one boiler and one water cooler individual or collective, such as a boiler, heat pump, reversible group, chiller, absorption machine ..., or all connection to a main heating or cooling network. These networks can also be linked to mixed production systems such as heat pumps, absorption systems ...
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing an air conditioning and heating system allowing both air conditioning during air conditioning and radiant comfort during heated.
  • Another object is to avoid noise pollution in heating mode by shutdown of the fan or by its inaudible slow ventilation operation.
  • the object of the invention is also not to have to have systems condensate drain, which can optionally be reinjected into the cooling loop.
  • the box further comprises a hot fluid exchanger arranged in series with respect to the radiator.
  • the hot fluid circulation pipes are separate cold fluid circulation pipes, the heating network being independent of the cooling network.
  • the circulation pipes are mixed between the hot fluid and cold fluid.
  • the installation includes prohibition means comprising a two valve channels for regulating in heating mode the supply of hot fluid to the radiator, the two-way valve can be controlled by a thermostat.
  • the installation also includes a two-way valve for regulating the cold fluid supply in cooling mode of the cold fluid exchanger at fins and therefore the cooling power dissipated at the exchanger at cold water fluid.
  • the fan In air conditioning mode, the fan is on and has at least one speed of regulation of the power dissipated at the level of the fluid exchanger cold with fins.
  • the fan In heating mode, the fan is either stopped, the ventilation of the exchanger with hot fluid with fins when the installation includes one being produced by natural convection, either in slow ventilation mode to obtain a higher thermal power.
  • the installation includes, according to one embodiment, a pH maintaining regulator intended to avoid acidification of the heating network caused by the circulation of condensed water in the network.
  • the installation comprises control means and means for connecting the air conditioning and heating device to a source energy such as the local electrical sector.
  • the radiator is typically placed on the front or on the part upper case
  • the installation includes an automatic summer / winter changeover means triggered according to the temperature of the network fluid.
  • It may also include means for recovering condensates from the cold finned heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 a central heating installation is shown an isolated hydraulic network allowing the transit of hot or cold water according to the season.
  • a three-way valve 5 In heating mode, a three-way valve 5 enables the boiler 1 to be supplied service via a circulation pump 2. As a result, the network insulated 3 allows the hot water supply to the device designated below heating and air conditioning terminal 6. In the latter, a means prohibition such as a three-way valve 7 open in heating mode on a channel 8 allows the supply of a radiator 11 arranged on the front of the terminal heating and air conditioning 6, and a finned coil 12 arranged in series with the radiator 11.
  • this battery is an example of a hot fluid exchanger intended to produce heat, other types of heat exchangers may be used.
  • the tilting of the three-way valve 7 is obtained by means of a summer / winter changeover can be manual or automatic, such as thermostatic example as a function of the temperature of the water circulating in the network 3.
  • the regulation of the dissipated thermal power at the terminal 6 is obtained by a two-way valve 10 controlled by a thermostat 18 depending on the difference between a setpoint and the room ambient temperature.
  • the fan 15 is stopped, ventilation of the finned coil 12 being carried out by the phenomenon of natural convection, or in ventilation mode notably slow which, while remaining inaudible allows obtaining a much higher thermal power.
  • the three-way valve 5 allows bypassing, that is to say bypass, the boiler 1 which is out of service, and supply a cooler of water 4 in service, via pump 2 still in service.
  • the isolated network 3 allows the supply of chilled water at regime by example of + 7 ° C / + 12 ° C, of the heating and air conditioning terminal 6.
  • the valve three lanes 7 open in air conditioning mode on one lane 9 provides power of a finned battery 14 with cold fluid.
  • this coil is an example of a cold fluid exchanger intended to produce frigories, other types of exchangers producing frigories can be used.
  • the regulation of the cooling capacity is obtained by a two-way valve 13 controlled by a thermostat 18 as a function of the difference between a value of room temperature and room temperature.
  • the fan 15 is necessarily in operation and may have several ventilation speeds. Note that switching the mode of operation of the fan 15 which is different in heating mode and in air conditioning mode, which can be stopped in heating mode, is obtained depending for example on the position of the three-way valve 7.
  • the condensate drain can be carried out by injection into the network 3 via a pump 17 controlled as a function of the level of water in a condensate recovery tank.
  • a safety device can allow the closure of the valve 13 in case of malfunction of pump 17.
  • the liquids not being compressible, the condensed water introduced under pressure into the network 3 is rejected at a discharge valve 20 integrated on this one.
  • the introduction of condensation water into the network 3 can cause a significant change in its pH
  • a regulator for maintaining pH can be incorporated to avoid any risk of acidification of the network
  • a alarm can be incorporated to signal a possible failure of the pH maintenance regulator or the need to recharge it as an element basic when the low level is reached.
  • the device 6 includes control means 18 and electrical connection means 19 to an energy source capable of be the local electrical sector.
  • heating devices 1 and cooling devices 4 can be mixed production systems such as heat pump, absorption, or independent, individual or collective, or be linked to a main heating or cooling network. Switching from one to the other can be obtained depending on the season in different ways. Through example you can use three-way valves between the fluid lines hot and cold fluid lines.
  • the heating and air conditioning terminals 6 can be operated on a original isolated network 3 or on an isolated conventional central heating network thereafter.
  • FIG. 2 represents another embodiment comprising two networks separate hydraulics allowing the transit of hot water for one and water cold for the other.
  • the isolated network allowing the transit of cold water through example + 7 / + 12 which can be fitted as standard or later added to the room.
  • the non-insulated central heating network 3 allows the supply of hot water from the heating and air conditioning terminal 6.
  • a two-way valve 10 controlled by a thermostat 18 allows the regulation of the thermal power dissipated at a radiator 11 located on the front of the terminal 6, and a finned battery 12 arranged in series.
  • the fan 15 is stopped, the ventilation of the battery to fins 12 being produced by the phenomenon of natural convection, or in ventilation particularly slow which, while remaining inaudible allows obtaining significantly higher thermal power.
  • the cooling system 4 and the pump 22 are in service.
  • the insulated cold water distribution network 21 allows the supply of cold water from the heating and air conditioning terminal 6.
  • a two-way valve 13 controlled by a thermostat 18 allows the regulation of the cooling power dissipated at the finned coil 14.
  • the fan 15 is necessarily in operation and may have multiple ventilation speeds. Switching the mode of operation of the fan 15 which is different in heating mode and in air conditioning mode, which can be off in heating mode, is obtained according to the type of regulation of terminal 6, which according to needs will regulate on valve 10 or on valve 13.
  • the condensate drain can be carried out by injection into the network 21 by means of a pump 17 according to the same principle and with the same protections as those explained in the description in Figure 1.
  • the device 6 includes control means 18 and electrical connection means 19 to an energy source capable of be the local electrical sector.
  • heating devices 1 and cooling devices 4 can be mixed or independent, individual or collective production systems, or be connected to a main heating and cooling network.
  • the installation comprising two distinct networks, it is possible according to the production systems selected to simultaneously produce hot water and cold hence the possibility depending on the thermal load and the orientation of different rooms, to heat at terminal 6 and cool at level of another.
  • FIG. 3 represents an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the thermal power in heating mode is dissipated exclusively by a radiant surface 11 arranged in front of the terminal 6, the fan 15 being stopped during this operating mode.
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2, but in which the thermal power in heating mode is dissipated exclusively by a radiant surface 11 arranged in front of the terminal 6, the fan 15 being stopped during this operating mode.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 illustrate examples of box 20 forming the apparatus or air conditioning and heating terminal 6.
  • the box has a general shape parallelepipedic possibly rounded and can be for example integrated into furniture.
  • the box 20 includes a radiating facade 21.
  • the radiator constitutes the radiant facade 21 which is full or with orifices.
  • the radiator 11 is housed behind the radiant facade which includes a grid.
  • the box includes the fan 15 and the cold fluid battery 14.
  • the box 20 has at its upper part a grid 22 for the passage of the air blown by the fan 15, and at its lower part possibly even on the front a opening 25 for air intake.
  • the box 20 is in any case sufficient open to allow the desired air circulation.
  • Box 20 can further present a control unit 23 of the air conditioning power and heating and a base 24.
  • the box is mounted in the room, spaced from the ground.
  • boxes comprising several of the elements cited, for example several radiators in parallel or several fans.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

System uses a boiler (1) and a cooler (4) to produce two stream of liquid at the right temperature either for feeding the heat exchanger (14) coupled with a fan (15) or the heater (11). A valve (7) controls the opening of the fluid circuit and the feeding of either the heater or the heat exchanger. Both are housed within the same casing.

Description

L'invention vise une installation de chauffage et climatisation, et un procédé d'installation d'une telle installation.The invention relates to a heating and air conditioning installation, and a method installation of such an installation.

Le domaine technique de l'invention est le chauffage et la climatisation de locaux d'habitation à titre résidentiel, public ou professionnel.The technical field of the invention is the heating and air conditioning of residential premises for residential, public or professional use.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux locaux équipés d'un réseau de chauffage central et d'un réseau de climatisation isolé ou d'un réseau isolé polyvalent permettant selon la saison de distribuer de l'eau chaude où de l'eau froide.The invention is particularly applicable to premises equipped with a heating network central and an isolated air conditioning network or a multipurpose isolated network depending on the season to distribute hot water or cold water.

Il s'agit aussi bien de locaux où ce ou ces réseaux existent, que de locaux en cours d'équipement, que de locaux munis d'un réseau de chauffage central à eau chaude simple dont l'isolation ultérieure permet d'obtenir la possibilité de véhiculer à la fois de l'eau chaude et de l'eau froide.These are both premises where this or these networks exist, as well as local equipment course, only premises with a central heating network in simple hot water whose subsequent insulation allows the possibility of convey both hot and cold water.

Le terme « eau » est utilisé au sens large, et comprend évidemment tout fluide pouvant être employé pour de tels réseaux, avec ou sans additif tel qu'antigel ou analogues.The term "water" is used broadly, and obviously includes any fluid can be used for such networks, with or without additive such as antifreeze or like.

Les réseaux de chauffage et climatisation, qu'ils soient mixtes ou séparés comportent indifféremment au moins une chaudière et un refroidisseur d'eau individuels ou collectifs, comme par exemple chaudière, pompe à chaleur, groupe réversible, groupe de froid, machine à absorption..., ou encore tout raccordement à un réseau principal de chauffage ou refroidissement. Ces réseaux peuvent également être reliés à des systèmes de production mixtes tels que pompes à chaleur, systèmes à absorption...Heating and air conditioning networks, whether mixed or separate include at least one boiler and one water cooler individual or collective, such as a boiler, heat pump, reversible group, chiller, absorption machine ..., or all connection to a main heating or cooling network. These networks can also be linked to mixed production systems such as heat pumps, absorption systems ...

Des systèmes utilisant des réseaux de chauffage et de climatisation mixtes ou indépendants munis de terminaux à eau type ventilo-convecteurs sont connus, par example dans le document FR-A-2 723 179. Dans le cas de réseaux de chauffage et climatisation indépendants, ces terminaux comportent un ventilateur à faible niveau sonore, une batterie chaude à ailettes, une batterie froide à ailettes et un dispositif de basculement. Dans le cas de réseaux de chauffage et climatisation mixtes, ces terminaux comportent un ventilateur à faible niveau sonore et une batterie à ailettes irriguée par de l'eau chaude ou froide selon les saisons.Systems using mixed heating and cooling networks or independent with water type fan coil units are known, for example in document FR-A-2 723 179. In the case of independent heating and air conditioning networks, these terminals have low noise fan, hot battery with fins, a cold finned battery and a tilting device. In the in the case of mixed heating and air conditioning networks, these terminals include a low noise fan and a finned coil irrigated by hot or cold water depending on the season.

L'un des principaux inconvénients de ce type de terminaux est dû à l'absence de confort radiatif durant le fonctionnement en mode chauffage. Ceci est d'autant plus préjudiciable dans le cas de la modification d'une installation de chauffage central existante par adjonction d'un réseau de climatisation isolé ou par isolation du réseau de chauffage pour permettre une distribution d'eau chaude ou froide. En effet, les radiateurs sont alors remplacés par des ventiloconvecteurs ce qui représente une diminution notable du niveau de confort en mode chauffage par rapport au système précédent, suite à la perte du confort radiatif et à la nuisance sonore liée au ventilateur.One of the main disadvantages of this type of terminal is due to the absence radiant comfort during operation in heating mode. this is all the more prejudicial in the case of the modification of an installation of existing central heating by adding an isolated air conditioning network or by insulation of the heating network to allow water distribution hot or cold. Indeed, the radiators are then replaced by fan coils which represents a significant decrease in the level of comfort in heating mode compared to the previous system, following the loss radiant comfort and noise pollution from the fan.

L'objet de la présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant une installation de climatisation et de chauffage permettant à la fois une climatisation en période de climatisation et un confort radiatif en période de chauffe.The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing an air conditioning and heating system allowing both air conditioning during air conditioning and radiant comfort during heated.

L'invention vise également l'utilisation dans le local de caissons intérieurs à faible encombrement contenant :

  • un échangeur à eau froide typiquement à ailettes
  • un radiateur à eau chaude disposé typiquement en façade, un échangeur à eau chaude typiquement à ailettes pouvant être ou non disposé en série par rapport à ce dernier
  • un ventilateur et un ensemble de systèmes de basculement et de régulation.
The invention also relates to the use in the room of small, compact interior boxes containing:
  • a typically finned cold water exchanger
  • a hot water radiator typically arranged on the front, a typically finned hot water exchanger which may or may not be arranged in series with respect to the latter
  • a fan and a set of tilting and regulation systems.

Un autre objet est d'éviter les nuisances sonores en mode chauffage par l'arrêt du ventilateur ou par son fonctionnement en ventilation lente inaudible.Another object is to avoid noise pollution in heating mode by shutdown of the fan or by its inaudible slow ventilation operation.

L'invention a également pour objet de ne pas avoir à disposer de systèmes d'évacuation des condensats, ceux ci pouvant en option être réinjectés dans la boucle de refroidissement. The object of the invention is also not to have to have systems condensate drain, which can optionally be reinjected into the cooling loop.

A cet effet selon un premier aspect l'invention porte sur une installation de chauffage et de climatisation de locaux à refroidir hors période de chauffe comportant :

  • une chaudière pour produire un fluide chaud fonctionnant essentiellement en période de chauffe ;
  • un dispositif de refroidissement pour produire un fluide froid, relié par des conduites à un appareil de climatisation et de chauffage comprenant un échangeur à fluide froid à ailettes associé à un ventilateur pour dissiper la puissance frigorifique en mode climatisation lorsque l'appareil de climatisation est alimenté par le fluide froid, une vanne étant prévue pour arrêter la circulation du fluide froid vers l'échangeur en période de chauffe ; ladite installation comprenant outre un radiateur qui est raccordé à la chaudière par des conduites pour l'alimenter en fluide chaud en mode chauffage, une vanne étant prévue pour arrêter la circulation du fluide chaud vers le radiateur, ledit radiateur étant logé dans un caisson dans lequel sont également situés l'échangeur à fluide froid et le ventilateur, le caisson comprenant au moins une ouverture pour le passage de l'air soufflé par le ventilateur.
To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to an installation for heating and air conditioning premises to be cooled outside of the heating period, comprising:
  • a boiler for producing a hot fluid operating essentially during the heating period;
  • a cooling device for producing a cold fluid, connected by pipes to an air conditioning and heating device comprising a cold finned heat exchanger associated with a fan for dissipating the cooling power in air conditioning mode when the air conditioning device is supplied by the cold fluid, a valve being provided to stop the circulation of the cold fluid towards the exchanger during the heating period; said installation further comprising a radiator which is connected to the boiler by pipes for supplying it with hot fluid in heating mode, a valve being provided for stopping the circulation of hot fluid towards the radiator, said radiator being housed in a box in which are also located the cold fluid exchanger and the fan, the box comprising at least one opening for the passage of the air blown by the fan.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, le caisson comprend en outre un échangeur à fluide chaud disposé en série par rapport au radiateur.According to certain embodiments, the box further comprises a hot fluid exchanger arranged in series with respect to the radiator.

Selon une réalisation, les conduites de circulation du fluide chaud sont distinctes des conduites des circulation du fluide froid, le réseau de chauffage étant indépendant du réseau de refroidissement.According to one embodiment, the hot fluid circulation pipes are separate cold fluid circulation pipes, the heating network being independent of the cooling network.

Selon une autre réalisation, les conduites de circulation sont mixtes entre le fluide chaud et le fluide froid.According to another embodiment, the circulation pipes are mixed between the hot fluid and cold fluid.

L'installation comprend des moyens d'interdiction comprenant une vanne deux voies permettant de réguler en mode chauffage l'alimentation en fluide chaud du radiateur, la vanne deux voies pouvant être commandée par un thermostat.The installation includes prohibition means comprising a two valve channels for regulating in heating mode the supply of hot fluid to the radiator, the two-way valve can be controlled by a thermostat.

L'installation comprend en outre une vanne deux voies permettant de réguler l'alimentation en fluide froid en mode climatisation de l'échangeur à fluide froid à ailettes et donc la puissance frigorifique dissipée au niveau de l'échangeur à fluide eau froid.The installation also includes a two-way valve for regulating the cold fluid supply in cooling mode of the cold fluid exchanger at fins and therefore the cooling power dissipated at the exchanger at cold water fluid.

En mode climatisation, le ventilateur est en service et possède au moins une vitesse de régulation de la puissance dissipée au niveau de l'échangeur à fluide froid à ailettes.In air conditioning mode, the fan is on and has at least one speed of regulation of the power dissipated at the level of the fluid exchanger cold with fins.

En mode chauffage, le ventilateur est soit à l'arrêt, la ventilation de l'échangeur à fluide chaud à ailettes lorsque l'installation en comporte un étant réalisée par convection naturelle, soit en mode de ventilation lente pour obtenir une puissance thermique supérieure.In heating mode, the fan is either stopped, the ventilation of the exchanger with hot fluid with fins when the installation includes one being produced by natural convection, either in slow ventilation mode to obtain a higher thermal power.

L'installation comprend selon une réalisation un régulateur de maintien de pH destiné à éviter l'acidification du réseau de chauffage provoquée par la circulation des eaux de condensation dans le réseau.The installation includes, according to one embodiment, a pH maintaining regulator intended to avoid acidification of the heating network caused by the circulation of condensed water in the network.

Typiquement l'installation comprend des moyens de commande et des moyens de branchement du dispositif de climatisation et de chauffage à une source d'énergie telle que le secteur électrique du local.Typically the installation comprises control means and means for connecting the air conditioning and heating device to a source energy such as the local electrical sector.

Le radiateur est typiquement disposé en façade frontale ou sur la partie supérieure du caissonThe radiator is typically placed on the front or on the part upper case

L'installation comporte un moyen de basculement automatique été/hiver déclenché en fonction de la température du fluide du réseau.The installation includes an automatic summer / winter changeover means triggered according to the temperature of the network fluid.

Elle peut comporter en outre des moyens de récupération des condensats de l'échangeur à fluide froid à ailettes.It may also include means for recovering condensates from the cold finned heat exchanger.

Selon un second aspect l'installation concerne un procédé d'installation d'une installation de chauffage et climatisation telle que décrite précédemment, le procédé comportant au moins les étapes prévoyant :

  • d' installer à l'intérieur du local au moins un appareil de climatisation et de chauffage tel que décrit it précédemment ;
  • d'installer à l'extérieur du local au moins un dispositif de refroidissement du fluide ;
  • de raccorder le dispositif de refroidissement et le ou les appareils de climatisation et de chauffage par un réseau de circulation de fluide de chauffage central, éventuellement existant dans le local, de sorte que ce réseau permette, en mode climatisation lorsque la chaudière est à l'arrêt, la circulation de fluide froid vers le ou les appareils de climatisation et de chauffage, et en mode chauffage la circulation vers les appareils de climatisation et de chauffage.
According to a second aspect, the installation relates to a method of installing a heating and air conditioning installation as described above, the method comprising at least the steps providing:
  • to install inside the premises at least one air conditioning and heating device as described above;
  • to install at least one fluid cooling device outside the room;
  • to connect the cooling device and the air conditioning and heating appliance (s) by a central heating fluid circulation network, possibly existing in the room, so that this network allows, in air conditioning mode when the boiler is at off, circulation of cold fluid to the air conditioning and heating appliance (s), and in heating mode circulation to the air conditioning and heating appliance.

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description qui va être faite, illustrée par les dessins dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un système de climatisation et chauffage équipé d'un réseau hydraulique isolé permettant le transit de l'eau chaude en hiver et le transit de l'eau glacée en été et mettant en situation un terminal de soufflage intégrant une façade rayonnante en mode chauffage ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un système de climatisation et chauffage équipé de deux réseaux hydrauliques distincts et mettant en situation un terminal de soufflage intégrant une façade rayonnante en mode chauffage ;
  • la figure 3 représente un mode de réalisation semblable à la figure 1 mais présentant un terminal de chauffage et climatisation ne comportant qu'une façade rayonnante en mode chauffage ;
  • la figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation semblable à la figure 2 mais présentant un terminal de chauffage et climatisation ne comportant qu'une façade rayonnante en mode chauffage ;
  • La figure 5 représente une réalisation d'un caisson de l'installation selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 6 représente une vue de côté en coupe d'un caisson de l'installation selon l'invention
Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which will be given, illustrated by the drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an air conditioning and heating system equipped with an isolated hydraulic network allowing the transit of hot water in winter and the transit of chilled water in summer and setting up a blowing terminal incorporating a radiant facade in heating mode;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of an air conditioning and heating system equipped with two separate hydraulic networks and putting in position a blowing terminal incorporating a radiant facade in heating mode;
  • 3 shows an embodiment similar to Figure 1 but having a heating and air conditioning terminal having only a radiant facade in heating mode;
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment similar to FIG. 2 but presenting a heating and air conditioning terminal comprising only a radiant facade in heating mode;
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment of a box of the installation according to the invention;
  • 6 shows a side view in section of a box of the installation according to the invention

Sur la figure 1, est représentée une installation de chauffage central équipée d'un réseau hydraulique isolé permettant le transit d'eau chaude ou froide selon la saison. In Figure 1, a central heating installation is shown an isolated hydraulic network allowing the transit of hot or cold water according to the season.

En mode chauffage, une vanne trois voies 5 permet d'irriguer la chaudière 1 en service par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe de circulation 2. Par suite, le réseau isolé 3 permet l'alimentation en eau chaude de l'appareil désigné par la suite terminal de chauffage et climatisation 6. Dans ce dernier, un moyen d'interdiction tel qu'une une vanne trois voies 7 ouverte en mode chauffage sur une voie 8 permet l'alimentation d'un radiateur 11 disposé en façade du terminal de chauffage et climatisation 6, et d'une batterie à ailettes 12 disposée en série avec le radiateur 11. On a pris l'exemple d'une batterie à ailettes à fluide chaud : cette batterie est un exemple d'échangeur à fluide chaud destiné à produire de la chaleur, d'autres types d'échangeurs produisant de la chaleur peuvent être utilisés.In heating mode, a three-way valve 5 enables the boiler 1 to be supplied service via a circulation pump 2. As a result, the network insulated 3 allows the hot water supply to the device designated below heating and air conditioning terminal 6. In the latter, a means prohibition such as a three-way valve 7 open in heating mode on a channel 8 allows the supply of a radiator 11 arranged on the front of the terminal heating and air conditioning 6, and a finned coil 12 arranged in series with the radiator 11. We took the example of a finned coil with hot fluid: this battery is an example of a hot fluid exchanger intended to produce heat, other types of heat exchangers may be used.

Le basculement de la vanne trois voies 7 est obtenu par le biais d'un moyen de basculement été/hiver pouvant être manuel ou automatique, comme par exemple thermostatique en fonction de la température de l'eau circulant dans le réseau 3. La régulation de la puissance thermique dissipée au niveau du terminal 6 est obtenue par une vanne deux voies 10 commandée par un thermostat 18 en fonction de l'écart entre une valeur de consigne et la température ambiante du local. Durant ce mode de fonctionnement, le ventilateur 15 est à l'arrêt, la ventilation de la batterie à ailettes 12 étant réalisée par le phénomène de convection naturelle, ou en mode de ventilation notamment lente qui, tout en restant inaudible permet l'obtention d'une puissance thermique beaucoup plus importante.The tilting of the three-way valve 7 is obtained by means of a summer / winter changeover can be manual or automatic, such as thermostatic example as a function of the temperature of the water circulating in the network 3. The regulation of the dissipated thermal power at the terminal 6 is obtained by a two-way valve 10 controlled by a thermostat 18 depending on the difference between a setpoint and the room ambient temperature. During this operating mode, the fan 15 is stopped, ventilation of the finned coil 12 being carried out by the phenomenon of natural convection, or in ventilation mode notably slow which, while remaining inaudible allows obtaining a much higher thermal power.

En mode climatisation, la vanne trois voies 5 permet de bypasser, c'est à dire de contourner, la chaudière 1 qui est hors service, et d'alimenter un refroidisseur d'eau 4 en service, par l'intermédiaire de la pompe 2 toujours en service.In air conditioning mode, the three-way valve 5 allows bypassing, that is to say bypass, the boiler 1 which is out of service, and supply a cooler of water 4 in service, via pump 2 still in service.

Par suite, le réseau isolé 3 permet l'alimentation en eau glacée au régime par exemple de +7°C/+12°C, du terminal de chauffage et climatisation 6. La vanne trois voies 7 ouverte en mode climatisation sur une voie 9 permet l'alimentation d'une batterie à ailettes 14 à fluide froid. On a pris l'exemple d'une batterie à ailettes à fluide froid : cette batterie est un exemple d'échangeur à fluide froid destiné à produire des frigories, d'autres types d'échangeurs produisant des frigories peuvent être utilisés.As a result, the isolated network 3 allows the supply of chilled water at regime by example of + 7 ° C / + 12 ° C, of the heating and air conditioning terminal 6. The valve three lanes 7 open in air conditioning mode on one lane 9 provides power of a finned battery 14 with cold fluid. We took the example of a battery at cold fluid fins: this coil is an example of a cold fluid exchanger intended to produce frigories, other types of exchangers producing frigories can be used.

La régulation de la puissance frigorifique est obtenue par une vanne deux voies 13 commandées par un thermostat 18 en fonction de l'écart entre une valeur de consigne et la température ambiante du local. Durant cette phase de fonctionnement, le ventilateur 15 est forcément en service et peut disposer de plusieurs vitesses de ventilation. A noter que la commutation du mode de fonctionnement du ventilateur 15 qui est différent en mode chauffage et en mode climatisation, celui ci pouvant être à l'arrêt en mode chauffage, est obtenue en fonction par exemple de la position de la vanne trois voies 7.The regulation of the cooling capacity is obtained by a two-way valve 13 controlled by a thermostat 18 as a function of the difference between a value of room temperature and room temperature. During this phase of operation, the fan 15 is necessarily in operation and may have several ventilation speeds. Note that switching the mode of operation of the fan 15 which is different in heating mode and in air conditioning mode, which can be stopped in heating mode, is obtained depending for example on the position of the three-way valve 7.

En option, l'évacuation des condensats peut être réalisée par injection dans le réseau 3 par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe 17 commandée en fonction du niveau d'eau dans un bac de récupération des condensats. Dans ce cas de figure, un dispositif de sécurité peut permettre la fermeture de la vanne 13 en cas de dysfonctionnement de la pompe 17. De plus, les liquides n'étant pas compressibles, les eaux de condensation introduites sous pression dans le réseau 3 sont rejetées au niveau d'une vanne de décharge 20 intégrée sur celui-ci. Cette vanne de décharge 20 dont la commande est par exemple pressostatique permet d'éviter les surpressions dans le réseau 3. Dans le même type de réalisation, l'introduction des eaux de condensation dans le réseau 3 pouvant entraíner une variation notable de son pH, un régulateur de maintien de pH peut être incorporé afin d'éviter tout risque d'acidification du réseau, une alarme peut être incorporée pour signaler une éventuelle défaillance du régulateur de maintien de pH ou la nécessité de le recharger en élément basique lorsque le niveau bas est atteint.Optionally, the condensate drain can be carried out by injection into the network 3 via a pump 17 controlled as a function of the level of water in a condensate recovery tank. In this case, a safety device can allow the closure of the valve 13 in case of malfunction of pump 17. In addition, the liquids not being compressible, the condensed water introduced under pressure into the network 3 is rejected at a discharge valve 20 integrated on this one. This discharge valve 20, the control of which is for example pressostatic prevents overpressures in the network 3. At the same time type of implementation, the introduction of condensation water into the network 3 can cause a significant change in its pH, a regulator for maintaining pH can be incorporated to avoid any risk of acidification of the network, a alarm can be incorporated to signal a possible failure of the pH maintenance regulator or the need to recharge it as an element basic when the low level is reached.

D'une manière générale, le dispositif 6 comporte des moyens de commande 18 et des moyens de branchement 19 électrique à une source d'énergie pouvant être le secteur électrique du local.In general, the device 6 includes control means 18 and electrical connection means 19 to an energy source capable of be the local electrical sector.

A noter que les dispositifs de chauffage 1 et de refroidissement 4 peuvent être des systèmes de production mixtes tels que pompe à chaleur, système à absorption, ou indépendants, individuels ou collectifs, ou encore être reliés à un réseau principal de chauffage ou refroidissement. Le basculement de l'un à l'autre peut être obtenu selon la saison en fonction de différents moyens. Par exemple on peut utiliser des vannes trois voies entre les conduites de fluide chaud et les conduites de fluide froid.Note that the heating devices 1 and cooling devices 4 can be mixed production systems such as heat pump, absorption, or independent, individual or collective, or be linked to a main heating or cooling network. Switching from one to the other can be obtained depending on the season in different ways. Through example you can use three-way valves between the fluid lines hot and cold fluid lines.

Dans ce type d'installation ne comportant qu'un seul réseau 3, l'ensemble des terminaux 6 sont alimentés en mode chauffage où en mode refroidissement.In this type of installation comprising only one network 3, all of the terminals 6 are supplied in heating mode or in cooling mode.

Les terminaux de chauffage et climatisation 6 peuvent être exploités sur un réseau 3 isolé d'origine ou sur un réseau de chauffage central classique isolé par la suite.The heating and air conditioning terminals 6 can be operated on a original isolated network 3 or on an isolated conventional central heating network thereafter.

La figure 2 représente un autre mode de réalisation comportant deux réseaux hydrauliques distincts permettant le transit de l'eau chaude pour l'un et de l'eau froide pour l'autre. Le réseau isolé permettant le transit de l'eau froide à par exemple +7/+12 pouvant être monté d'origine ou adjoint par la suite au local.FIG. 2 represents another embodiment comprising two networks separate hydraulics allowing the transit of hot water for one and water cold for the other. The isolated network allowing the transit of cold water through example + 7 / + 12 which can be fitted as standard or later added to the room.

En mode chauffage, le système de production de chaleur 1 et la pompe 2 sont en service. Le réseau de chauffage central 3 non isolé permet l'alimentation en eau chaude du terminal de chauffage et climatisation 6. Dans ce dernier une vanne deux voies 10 commandée par un thermostat 18 permet la régulation de la puissance thermique dissipée au niveau d'un radiateur 11 situé en façade du terminal 6, et d'une batterie à ailettes 12 disposée en série. Durant ce mode de fonctionnement, le ventilateur 15 est à l'arrêt, la ventilation de la batterie à ailettes 12 étant réalisée par le phénomène de convection naturelle, ou en mode de ventilation notamment lente qui, tout en restant inaudible permet l'obtention d'une puissance thermique nettement plus importante.In heating mode, the heat production system 1 and the pump 2 are in service. The non-insulated central heating network 3 allows the supply of hot water from the heating and air conditioning terminal 6. In the latter a two-way valve 10 controlled by a thermostat 18 allows the regulation of the thermal power dissipated at a radiator 11 located on the front of the terminal 6, and a finned battery 12 arranged in series. During this mode of operation, the fan 15 is stopped, the ventilation of the battery to fins 12 being produced by the phenomenon of natural convection, or in ventilation particularly slow which, while remaining inaudible allows obtaining significantly higher thermal power.

En mode climatisation, le système de refroidissement 4 et la pompe 22 sont en service. Le réseau de distribution d'eau froide isolé 21 permet l'alimentation en eau froide du terminal de chauffage et climatisation 6. Dans ce dernier, une vanne deux voies 13 commandée par un thermostat 18 permet la régulation de la puissance frigorifique dissipée au niveau de la batterie à ailettes 14. Durant cette phase de fonctionnement, le ventilateur 15 est forcément en service et peut disposer de plusieurs vitesses de ventilation. La commutation du mode de fonctionnement du ventilateur 15 qui est différent en mode chauffage et en mode climatisation, celui-ci pouvant être à l'arrêt en mode chauffage, est obtenue en fonction du type de régulation du terminal 6, qui selon les besoins régulera sur la vanne 10 ou sur la vanne 13.In air conditioning mode, the cooling system 4 and the pump 22 are in service. The insulated cold water distribution network 21 allows the supply of cold water from the heating and air conditioning terminal 6. In the latter, a two-way valve 13 controlled by a thermostat 18 allows the regulation of the cooling power dissipated at the finned coil 14. Durant this operating phase, the fan 15 is necessarily in operation and may have multiple ventilation speeds. Switching the mode of operation of the fan 15 which is different in heating mode and in air conditioning mode, which can be off in heating mode, is obtained according to the type of regulation of terminal 6, which according to needs will regulate on valve 10 or on valve 13.

En option, l'évacuation des condensats peut être réalisée par injection dans le réseau 21 par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe 17 selon le même principe et avec les mêmes protections que ceux explicités dans le descriptif de la figure 1.Optionally, the condensate drain can be carried out by injection into the network 21 by means of a pump 17 according to the same principle and with the same protections as those explained in the description in Figure 1.

D'une manière générale, le dispositif 6 comporte des moyens de commande 18 et des moyens de branchement 19 électrique à une source d'énergie pouvant être le secteur électrique du local.In general, the device 6 includes control means 18 and electrical connection means 19 to an energy source capable of be the local electrical sector.

On note que les dispositifs de chauffage 1 et de refroidissement 4 peuvent être des systèmes de production mixtes ou indépendants, individuels ou collectifs, ou encore être reliés à un réseau principal de chauffage et de refroidissement.Note that the heating devices 1 and cooling devices 4 can be mixed or independent, individual or collective production systems, or be connected to a main heating and cooling network.

L'installation comportant deux réseaux distincts, il est possible selon les systèmes de production retenus d'avoir simultanément production d'eau chaude et froide d'où la possibilité selon la charge thermique et l'orientation des différents locaux, de chauffer au niveau d'un terminal 6 et de refroidir au niveau d'un autre.The installation comprising two distinct networks, it is possible according to the production systems selected to simultaneously produce hot water and cold hence the possibility depending on the thermal load and the orientation of different rooms, to heat at terminal 6 and cool at level of another.

La figure 3 représente un mode de réalisation semblable à celui de la figure 1, mais dans lequel la puissance thermique en mode chauffage est dissipée exclusivement par une surface radiante 11 disposée en façade du terminal 6, le ventilateur 15 étant à l'arrêt durant ce mode de fonctionnement.FIG. 3 represents an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the thermal power in heating mode is dissipated exclusively by a radiant surface 11 arranged in front of the terminal 6, the fan 15 being stopped during this operating mode.

La figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation semblable à celui de la figure 2, mais dans lequel la puissance thermique en mode chauffage est dissipée exclusivement par une surface radiante 11 disposée en façade du terminal 6, le ventilateur 15 étant à l'arrêt durant ce mode de fonctionnement. FIG. 4 represents an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2, but in which the thermal power in heating mode is dissipated exclusively by a radiant surface 11 arranged in front of the terminal 6, the fan 15 being stopped during this operating mode.

Les figures 5 et 6 illustrent des exemples de caisson 20 formant l'appareil ou terminal de climatisation et de chauffage 6. Le caisson a une forme générale parallélépipédique éventuellement arrondie et peut être par exemple intégré à un meuble. Le caisson 20 comprend une façade rayonnante 21. Selon une réalisation, le radiateur constitue la façade rayonnante 21 qui est pleine ou avec des orifices. Selon une autre réalisation, le radiateur 11 est logé derrière la façade rayonnante qui comprend une grille.Figures 5 and 6 illustrate examples of box 20 forming the apparatus or air conditioning and heating terminal 6. The box has a general shape parallelepipedic possibly rounded and can be for example integrated into furniture. The box 20 includes a radiating facade 21. According to a embodiment, the radiator constitutes the radiant facade 21 which is full or with orifices. According to another embodiment, the radiator 11 is housed behind the radiant facade which includes a grid.

Le caisson inclut le ventilateur 15 et la batterie à fluide froid 14. Le caisson 20 présente à sa partie supérieure une grille 22 pour le passage de l'air soufflé par le ventilateur 15, et à sa partie inférieure éventuellement même en façade une ouverture 25 pour l'entrée de l'air. Le caisson 20 est en tout cas suffisamment ouvert pour permettre la circulation de l'air souhaitée. Le caisson 20 peut présenter en outre un boítier de réglage 23 de la puissance de climatisation et de chauffage et un socle 24. Le caisson est monté dans le local, espacé du sol.The box includes the fan 15 and the cold fluid battery 14. The box 20 has at its upper part a grid 22 for the passage of the air blown by the fan 15, and at its lower part possibly even on the front a opening 25 for air intake. The box 20 is in any case sufficient open to allow the desired air circulation. Box 20 can further present a control unit 23 of the air conditioning power and heating and a base 24. The box is mounted in the room, spaced from the ground.

Par ailleurs, on peut utiliser des caissons comprenant plusieurs des éléments cités, par exemple plusieurs radiateurs en parallèle ou plusieurs ventilateurs.In addition, it is possible to use boxes comprising several of the elements cited, for example several radiators in parallel or several fans.

Claims (14)

  1. An installation for heating and air conditioning premises to be cooled outside a heating period, comprising:
    a boiler (1) for producing a hot fluid functioning essentially in heating periods;
    a cooling device (4) for producing a cold fluid, connected by pipes (3) to an air-conditioning and heating apparatus (6) comprising a cold-fluid exchanger (14) with fins, associated with a fan (15) for dissipating the refrigerating capacity in air-conditioning mode when the air-conditioning apparatus (6) is supplied with cold fluid, a valve (7) being provided for stopping the circulation of the cold fluid to the cold-fluid exchanger (14) in heating periods;
    characterised in that it also comprises a radiator (11) which is connected to the boiler (1) by pipes (3) in order to supply it with hot fluid in heating mode, a valve (7) being provided to stop the circulation of hot fluid to the radiator, the said radiator (11) being housed in a chamber (20) in which the cold-fluid exchanger (14) and the fan (15) are also situated, the chamber (20) comprising at least one opening for the passage of the air blown by the fan (15).
  2. An installation according to Claim 1, characterised in that the chamber (20) also comprises a hot-fluid exchanger (12) disposed in series with respect to the radiator (11).
  3. An installation according to either one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the pipes (3) for circulation of the hot fluid are distinct from the pipes for the circulation of cold fluid, the heating system being independent of the cooling system.
  4. An installation according to either one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the circulation pipes (3) are mixed between the hot fluid and the cold fluid.
  5. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it comprises inhibition means comprising a two-way valve (10) for regulating the supply of hot fluid to the radiator (11) in heating mode, the two-way valve being able to be controlled by a thermostat.
  6. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises a two-way valve (13) for regulating the supply of cold fluid to the cold-fluid exchanger (14) with fins in air-conditioning mode and therefore the refrigerating capacity dissipated at the cold water fluid exchanger (14).
  7. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, in air-conditioning mode, the fan (15) is in service and has at least a speed of regulating the refrigerating capacity dissipated at the cold-fluid exchanger (14) with fins.
  8. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that, in heating mode, the fan (15) is either stopped, the ventilation of the hot-fluid exchanger with fins, when the installation has one, being achieved by natural convection, or in slow ventilation mode in order to obtain a higher thermal capacity.
  9. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that it comprises a pH maintenance regulator intended to prevent acidification of the heating system caused by the circulation of the condensation water in the system.
  10. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises control means and means (22) of electrical switching of the air-conditioning and heating device to an energy source (S) such as the electrical mains for the premises (A).
  11. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the radiator is disposed on the front face or on the top part of the chamber.
  12. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it comprises an automatic summer/winter switching means triggered according to the temperature of the fluid in the system (3).
  13. An installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that it comprises means (17) of recovering condensates from the cold-fluid exchanger with fins.
  14. A method of installing a heating and air-conditioning installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that it comprises at least the steps making provision for:
    installing inside the premises (A) at least one air-conditioning and heating apparatus (6);
    installing outside the premises (A) at least one device (6) for cooling the fluid;
    connecting the cooling device and the item or items of air-conditioning apparatus (6) by means of a system for circulating central-heating fluid (3), possibly existing in the premises (A), so that this system (3) in air-conditioning mode when the boiler (1) is off allows the circulation of cold fluid to the item or items of air-conditioning and heating apparatus (6), and in heating mode allows circulation to the air-conditioning and heating apparatus (6).
EP01400709A 2000-03-20 2001-03-16 Heating and air conditioning installation comprising a box with a radiant surface Expired - Lifetime EP1136760B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0003543A FR2806466B1 (en) 2000-03-20 2000-03-20 HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM WITH RADIANT FACADE BOX
FR0003543 2000-03-20

Publications (2)

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EP1136760A1 EP1136760A1 (en) 2001-09-26
EP1136760B1 true EP1136760B1 (en) 2004-06-16

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EP01400709A Expired - Lifetime EP1136760B1 (en) 2000-03-20 2001-03-16 Heating and air conditioning installation comprising a box with a radiant surface

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AT (1) ATE269519T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60103794D1 (en)
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2487302C2 (en) * 2011-08-17 2013-07-10 Александр Викторович Гаврилястый Method of control of plenum ventilation plant with switch to mode of cost-effective heat consumption

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AT413756B (en) * 2004-01-26 2006-05-15 Wavin Bv ROOM AIR FACILITY
US20100326099A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-12-30 Trak International, Llc High-efficiency heat pumps

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DE2845298A1 (en) * 1978-10-18 1980-04-30 Marinetechnik Planungsges Ship ventilation system with temp. control - has air conditioning units, with own temp. control valve, fed with centrally heated, cooling water
US5361981A (en) * 1993-04-21 1994-11-08 Heat Exchangers, Inc. Air conditioning unit
FR2723179B1 (en) * 1994-07-26 1996-09-20 Martin Jean Antoine DEVICES FOR MULTI-PURPOSE SEMI-COLLECTIVE THERMAL HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
FR2776053B1 (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-06-16 Francois Lego METHOD FOR INSTALLING A HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM USING A CENTRAL HEATING NETWORK, DEVICE, AND HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DE29823175U1 (en) * 1998-12-29 1999-06-10 Dietzsch, Michael, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 09126 Chemnitz Climate room

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2487302C2 (en) * 2011-08-17 2013-07-10 Александр Викторович Гаврилястый Method of control of plenum ventilation plant with switch to mode of cost-effective heat consumption

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FR2806466A1 (en) 2001-09-21
FR2806466B1 (en) 2002-05-31
ATE269519T1 (en) 2004-07-15
DE60103794D1 (en) 2004-07-22
EP1136760A1 (en) 2001-09-26

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