EP1134327A1 - Permanent hollow shuttering for building walls and floors and method for making and using such shuttering - Google Patents

Permanent hollow shuttering for building walls and floors and method for making and using such shuttering Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1134327A1
EP1134327A1 EP01430007A EP01430007A EP1134327A1 EP 1134327 A1 EP1134327 A1 EP 1134327A1 EP 01430007 A EP01430007 A EP 01430007A EP 01430007 A EP01430007 A EP 01430007A EP 1134327 A1 EP1134327 A1 EP 1134327A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shells
lost
concrete
wall
formwork
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EP01430007A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Sarremejeanne
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP1134327A1 publication Critical patent/EP1134327A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
    • B28B7/186—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for plates, panels or similar sheet- or disc-shaped objects, also flat oblong moulded articles with lateral openings, e.g. panels with openings for doors or windows, grated girders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
    • B28B7/306—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding pliable or extensible
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
    • E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic

Definitions

  • the other major difficulty lies in the manufacturing but especially in the dimensioning of such panels, in particular at interior interfaces spacer / formwork skin where the breakout forces are proportional to the thrust of the concrete on the wall, which can reach, for pouring heights of 4 meters, values of the order of 10 tonnes per square meter.
  • This aspect becomes penalizing if we add the incorporation of the openings such as windows and doors to have lintel and frame reinforcements legs, then finally unacceptable if we take into consideration the positioning of structural reinforcements such as posts or stiffeners to reconstitute a mesh.
  • Patent WO 97/04195 partially solved the problem but the method does not not allow to place a welded mesh in the thickness of the wall.
  • the technique proposed by the present invention not only makes it possible to jointly solve the above problems but also that of casting, in one single phase, walls and floors.
  • the present invention can be preferably used for walls vertical, but also horizontal for floors.
  • the major advantage in the case of floors, is to be able to circulate on the horizontal surface partly running at the time of casting and this before hardening of concrete.
  • Another advantage is to be able to offer ready-made undersides of floors to paint without risk of seeing shrinkage crack appear as is the case with predalle junctions, for example.
  • the overall reduction in implementation times is here optimized, compared to conventional formwork techniques, by the disappearance of the most intermediate tasks such as: storage of formwork at the headquarters of the company, dismantling for transport and assembly of the formwork on site, on-site storage, transport and handling of concrete ballasts for the sheet bracing, transport and storage of equipment such as scrap and mannequins on site, transportation of this equipment to the work, installation of these equipment fixed vertically on the formwork, coupling and decoupling of the formwork according to the capacities of the crane, tightening of the formwork by threaded rods, reading of plans, pervibration of the concrete, formwork removal and cleaning of the equipment, return transport.
  • the device adapts itself to the construction by custom manufacturing, it is therefore not necessary to carry out calculations appropriate on site to guide this adaptation.
  • the object of the invention is characterized in that it consists of a monobloc set in hollow and waterproof concrete, ready to install, representative of a part wall equipped with its openings, reservations and other internal organs necessary to its realization.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the shells forming the molds of alveoli before pouring concrete intended to form the lost alveolar formwork.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the constitution of the shells formed elements capable of folding back for removal from the built-up wall.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the means allowing the withdrawal of elements constituting the shell.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of one of the shims introduced between each shell to form, at each of said shims, channels for transferring the concrete between each cell.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a cast panel showing the communication of the different cells between them.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a wall as well constituted showing the passages between each cell reserved by each of said wedges.
  • Figure 7 is the same schematic view in vertical section made at the level when booking an opening.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view in vertical section of a set of shells shown before pouring the concrete to form the lost honeycomb formwork.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view, in partial vertical section, of said alveolar formwork lost, after removal of the shells.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a wall at the level concrete transfer openings between cells.
  • Figure it is a schematic view of a set of broken shells in view of the reservation required for the installation of a frame (door or window).
  • Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of an ornate facade of elements of modenature and open of a window decorated with the same.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view, in partial vertical section, of a floor section.
  • the alveolar lost formwork, object of the invention, intended for the construction on site of the corresponding portion of wall is manufactured in the factory on a horizontal surface 1 provided with edges orthogonally erected over a height equal to what the thickness of said lost formwork should be.
  • Dimensions between banks of said plate 1 thus formed are respectively equal to the dimensions which will be those, in height and in length, of the portion of the wall to which said formwork is intended.
  • Half-shells 2a which have the desired shape and dimensions for form with their symmetrical 2b the mold of the cells 3, are arranged on said plate 1, their length going from edge to edge, and are supported by the spacers 4 of a height equal to the thickness which must be given to the concrete which will coat the said shells to form said lost formwork, object of the invention.
  • Said half-shells 2a are held apart from one another by the half-shims 11a (fig. 4).
  • a welded mesh 9, with an area equal to that of the plate 1, is placed on the set of half-shells 2a, each lip of which has been previously styled, on its entire length, by a flexible elastomeric seal 10 which may have lamellae thin longitudinal which allow its best nesting on the adjacent joint of the same type which embeds each of the lips of the complementary half-shells.
  • Self-leveling concrete is then poured, up to the edge of the plateau 1, on all of said shells thus formed and kept apart from one another by the wedges 11 over a width equal to the thickness of the wall which must separate two cells 3 adjoining, drowning them by inserting them to form the lost honeycomb formwork, whose cells 3 are formed by the emptiness of the shells 2 ( Figure 9) and whose outer walls 16 of these same cells 3 constitute the apparent walls of the wall or the floor thus constructed.
  • Said shells 2 conforming to the internal shape of the cells 3 and made of non-adherent material or made non-adherent to concrete, which allowed the manufacture alveolar formwork in the factory, can then be held in place, then forming themselves a primary formwork lost during filling, on site, of alveoli 3, for the final construction of the wall or floor to be constructed.
  • each half-shell 2a or 2b is itself formed of two elements 5a and 5b, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane median and joined together by a bolt 6 sliding longitudinally on tails dovetails 7a and 7b juxtaposed on either side of their contact line, on the face interior of each of said elements.
  • the elements 5a (fig. 3) partially forming the shell 2, are then found released from the poured concrete which, having enveloped them, formed the wall of the cell 3, and can be extracted, by longitudinal translation, from the concrete formwork thus produced, and in which the welded mesh 9 crosses each empty cell 3, to form the frame of the concrete which will be poured, on site, in said cells, for the construction of the wall final.
  • the shells 2, which allow the manufacture, in the factory, of the concrete formwork which comprises the cells 3, are regularly maintained between them on the plate 1 by intermediate wedges 11 (fig. 4), formed of two elements 11a and 11b symmetrical to each other with respect to the same horizontal plane as the plane of symmetry of the half-shells 2 a and 2 b , distributed along the space left between each shell 2, and in the plane of the trellis 9 and joined one to the other 'other by the pins 12 ensuring their positioning and their maintenance.
  • the horizontal base of the lower element 11a is located in the lower plane of the half-shells 2a and the upper plane of the element 11b is located in the external plane of the upper elements 2b of said shells.
  • Said wedges 11, assembled have two vertical sides 13, parallel between them, the width of which corresponds to the spacing of the shells 2 between which said shims are placed, and orthogonal to the side walls of the shells 2 that they separate, and marry, themselves, laterally, the curve necessary to be in close contact over their entire periphery with the wall of said shells 2.
  • the spacing of the sides 13 between them is equal to the width of the reservation a transfer channel 14, which each of the wedges 11 creates during the pouring of the concrete onto the shells 2.
  • the wedges thus formed and interposed between each of the shells assembled not only keep them uniformly apart, but also, when pouring concrete onto said shells 2 placed in the workshop in the necessary number on the tray 1, prevent the concrete flowing in the intermediate space between each shell to form the empty cells 3, does not enter the space limited by the wedges 11.
  • the alveolar formwork thus formed will therefore comprise, at the level of each of the wedges 11 empty reserves of material which, after extraction of the shells 2, as was said, will ensure, between said cells 3, the reservation of communications 14 such as marked with arrows in Figure 5, to ensure uniform distribution of concrete poured, on site, in all of the cells 3 ( Figure 5) for the construction of the final wall in which the cells 3 constitute the lost formwork.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show respectively, in vertical section transverse, a wall at the level of any wall (figure 6), and at the level of a opening whose lintel 15 can be seen (Figure 7).
  • the lost formwork manufacturing process object of the invention also allows the reservation of openings for the incorporation of doors or windows.
  • the shells 2 are broken and closed at level 19 of a lintel 17 fitted with traditional reinforcement and cooperating with jambs 18.
  • the lost formwork which will thus be manufactured will therefore contain, from the factory, the voids intended to receive the corresponding doorframes.
  • any decorative element such as cornices 20, which can finally be installed over all or part of the length of the facade walls or lintels, is obtained by the presence of studs 21 which are integral of said facing 20 and located at the rear of its view face and which are introduced, before the pouring of the concrete forming the wall of the cells 3, in the interval of two cells in which said studs penetrate until reaching the plate 1 which thus supports provisionally said facing, keeping it below the surface of the outer wall 16 formed by the subsequently poured concrete, in order to ensure that level the seal at the rear of said facing (fig. 12) which is thus embedded in the exterior wall of the building.
  • studs 21 which are integral of said facing 20 and located at the rear of its view face and which are introduced, before the pouring of the concrete forming the wall of the cells 3, in the interval of two cells in which said studs penetrate until reaching the plate 1 which thus supports provisionally said facing, keeping it below the surface of the outer wall 16 formed by the subsequently poured concrete, in order to ensure that level the seal at the rear of said facing
  • said studs When pouring the concrete to constitute the lost formwork, said studs, preferably made of a twisted iron, will be trapped in its mass, ensuring the fixing of the facing on said lost formwork.
  • the welded mesh 9 is moved to be placed, no longer in the junction plane 10 of the half-shells, but interposed between the shells 2 and the plate 1 on which they rest via spacers 4 and the half-shells 2a immediately and directly receive the half-shells 2 b .
  • Similar spacers 22, of suitable height support the trellis 9 which is thus placed in the zone of the greatest effort where it plays the role of resistant reinforcement in the definitive structural element.
  • vents 23, of a height at least equal to the thickness of concrete in front constitute the wall 16 of the cell 3 of said lost formwork, are installed regularly distributed on the upper surface of the shells 2, so as to avoid the formation of air pockets when pouring concrete which, on site, for final construction of the floor, must fill said cells 3 in a horizontal position.
  • each element of the device being constituted as above described, the shell portions 5a and 5b, assembled using of the bolt 6 sliding longitudinally on the dovetails 7, together form a half-shell 2a which is placed on the horizontal plate 1 from which it is held separated by the spacers 4, by a height equal to the thickness that the wall 16 of the alveoli 3.
  • An elastomeric seal 10 is placed on the lips of said half-shell.
  • Each half-shell 2a thus put in place is capped by a half-shell 2b constituted in the same way.
  • each wedge 11a is completed by a wedge 11b symmetrical of the previous one with respect to the plane of the trellis 9.
  • Self-leveling concrete of appropriate formulation and consistency is then sunk on all the shells 2 thus organized, penetrating between them and spreading on the tray 1, and is leveled on its upper surface at the level of the plinth edge of said plate 1, thus forming the empty cells 3 of the lost formwork.
  • the shells 2, which formed the mold of the lost formwork are extracted by longitudinal translation, the wedges 11 remaining trapped in concrete in the intervals between each shell 2.
  • the alveolar wall thus formed, and manufactured in the factory, forms, after setting concrete, alveolar formwork which has a low density precisely as a result of the presence of its empty cells 3, which facilitates its transport to the site where, for the same reason, it can be easily erected on the foundations already in place or in floor, using low capacity lifting gear before each cell is filled with self-placing concrete to obtain, thanks to the inter-alveolar passages 14 which allow regular distribution of concrete over the entire surface of the formwork, a wall final having a homogeneous mass in which the trellis 9 is trapped, forming the frame of the wall, the walls of which, external and internal 16, are formed by the walls, exterior and interior, of the lost formwork.
  • the lost honeycomb formwork thus produced is transported to the site, where, erected on the prepared foundations, the alveoli 3 being in a vertical position, it receives concrete, of appropriate formulation and consistency, in each of said cells 3 which it comprises, said concrete spreading uniformly between said cells thanks to the transfer channels 14 reserved between them by means of wedges 11.
  • connection of two adjacent wall panels, located in the same plane or in a dihedral position, constructed by said method, is carried out so traditional, the irons awaiting the lattice 9 of each of the two layers being rendered prisoners of an intermediate structural element.
  • a similar connection is made between different floor wall elements, as well as between walls and floors.
  • the lost cellular formwork thus manufactured is transported to the site, where, lying horizontally on the walls already built there receives the concrete of appropriate formulation and consistency in each of the cells 3 that it comprises, said concrete spreading uniformly on the horizontal plane in and between said cells thanks, on the one hand, to the transfer channels 14 reserved between them by means of wedges 11 and, on the other hand, thanks to the vents 23 which ensure the evacuation of the air that could be held captive.

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Abstract

The shuttering system consists of a pair of concrete panels with facing channels and welded reinforcing mesh (9) between them. The panels are cast on flat horizontal surfaces with the channels formed by shells in sections (5a, 5b) of a material made or treated to be non-adhesive with regard to the concrete and held together by dovetail-shaped projections (7a, 7b) and locking strips (6). Once the panels have been cast, with channels running the height of the wall or length of the floor, the shells are removed, and once the panels are installed as shuttering the channels are filled with concrete.

Description

En matière de mise en oeuvre de parois verticales en béton armé, la recherche constante de la diminution du prix de revient a conduit les professionnels à s'orienter vers des solutions permettant de réduire au minimum l'apport global de main d'oeuvre spécialisée, de moyens matériels, de temps de réalisation et de nombre de phases d'interventions.Regarding the implementation of vertical walls in reinforced concrete, research constant decrease in cost has led professionals to orient themselves towards solutions making it possible to minimize the overall labor input specialist, material means, completion time and number of phases of interventions.

Le point commun de cette recherche étant généralement la réduction de la main d'oeuvre nécessaire, qui dans l'économie du système, est le poste le plus important.The common point of this research is generally the reduction of necessary labor, which in the economy of the system is the most important position.

Les techniques existantes de mise en oeuvre de parois en béton armé sont non seulement coûteuses et grandes consommatrices de main d'oeuvre spécialisée, mais n'ont pas complètement résolu certains problèmes techniques et organisationnels.The existing techniques for using reinforced concrete walls are not only costly and large consumers of specialized labor, but have not completely resolved some technical and organizational issues.

C'est le cas notamment des arrêts et reprises de maçonneries assurant la continuité des structures qui sont générateurs de fissures dues au retrait et/ou infiltrations de toutes natures.This is the case in particular of stopping and resumption of masonry ensuring the continuity of structures which generate cracks due to shrinkage and / or infiltrations of all kinds.

Cet aspect a une importance capitale, non seulement dans le comportement futur de la structure mais aussi dans l'appréciation de la notion d'impropriété à destination visée à l'article 1792 du code civil, point de départ de la responsabilité des constructeurs.This aspect is of paramount importance, not only in behavior future of the structure but also in the appreciation of the concept of destination referred to in article 1792 of the civil code, starting point of the responsibility of builders.

C'est aussi le cas, dans la plupart des situations de chantier, de la difficulté d'éviter l'application des huiles de décoffrage sur les armatures à béton, ceci pour des raisons de facilité de mise en place.This is also the case, in most site situations, of the difficulty to avoid the application of formwork oils on concrete reinforcements, this for reasons of ease of installation.

D'un point de vue organisationnel, les professionnels ont résolu le problème de la disponibilité de la grue lors des phases de coulage avec l'avènement de nouvelles générations de bétons à meilleure ouvrabilité, en les poussant par injection via un dispositif placé en pieds de banches, évitant de surcroít le phénomène de ségrégation.From an organizational point of view, the professionals have solved the problem of the availability of the crane during the casting phases with the advent of new generations of concretes with better workability, by pushing them by injection via a device placed at the bottom of the formwork, avoiding in addition the phenomenon of segregation.

Mais cette technique requiert une étanchéité parfaite des coffrages, entraínant l'usage immodéré de joints de calfeutrement au prix unitaire et à la mise en oeuvre coûteux.But this technique requires perfect sealing of the formwork, resulting the excessive use of caulking joints at the unit price and the implementation expensive.

De plus, elle nécessite une haute technicité de mise en oeuvre liée à l'introduction de turbulences hydrauliques sollicitant les coffrages et se rajoutant à la poussée hydrostatique conventionnelle du béton.In addition, it requires high technical implementation related to the introduction of hydraulic turbulence stressing the formwork and adding to the conventional hydrostatic thrust of concrete.

Du point de vue du matériel, l'acquisition de coffrages par les professionnels reste aussi une opération très coûteuse compte tenu des immobilisations comptables pesant sur les matériels, de leur amortissement sur plusieurs années et de la contribution des sommes immobilisées au titre de la taxe professionnelle.From the material point of view, the acquisition of formwork by professionals also remains a very expensive operation given the accounting fixed assets weighing on the materials, their amortization over several years and the contribution of the sums immobilized under the professional tax.

La fluctuation des commandes des entreprises utilisant cette technique a d'ailleurs entraíné un recours systématique à la location pour ne pas imposer d'immobilisation physique du matériel.The fluctuation in orders from companies using this technique has moreover led to a systematic recourse to rental so as not to impose physical immobilization of equipment.

De plus, l'optimisation des surfaces de coffrages sur le chantier n'est jamais totale car leurs dimensions standard ne correspondent que très rarement aux dimensions des parties d'ouvrages de la construction, d'où une perte sur l'utilisation des surfaces coffrées et l'introduction de sujétions supplémentaires d'exécution, comme le traçage par exemple, pour délimiter les emprises des maçonneries.In addition, the optimization of formwork surfaces on site is never total because their standard dimensions very rarely correspond to the dimensions parts of construction works, resulting in a loss of land use formwork and the introduction of additional execution constraints, such as tracing by example, to delimit the footprints of masonry.

Un grand nombre de brevets proposent des systèmes de construction par coffrage perdu.A large number of patents propose construction systems by lost formwork.

La plupart d'entre eux sont des systèmes formés de deux faces planes parallèles opposées, reliées par des entretoises, comme dans WO 98/45548, WO 97/31165, 2758151 ou encore EP 0757137A1 pour ne citer qu'eux.Most of them are systems formed by two planar faces opposite parallels, connected by spacers, as in WO 98/45548, WO 97/31165, 2758151 or even EP 0757137A1 to name a few.

Ils prennent en compte la fonction coffrage mais restent finalement peu adaptables, d'une part aux dispositions normatives requises par notre réglementation, d'autre part aux configurations nécessaires imposées par le règlement de béton armé aux états limites (B.A.E.L. 91), pour pouvoir s'imposer en tant que procédés universels.They take into account the formwork function but remain little adaptable, on the one hand to the normative provisions required by our regulations, on the other hand to the necessary configurations imposed by the reinforced concrete regulation to limit states (B.A.E.L. 91), in order to be able to impose itself as universal processes.

La perspective, par exemple, d'incorporer au panneau un pourcentage minimal d'armatures par mètre carré, comme recommandé aux D.T.U., devient rapidement coûteuse compte tenu de l'encombrement intérieur occupé par les entretoises et l'obligation, pour ce faire, de disposer manuellement les barres l'une après l'autre.The prospect, for example, of incorporating a minimum percentage into the panel of reinforcements per square meter, as recommended in D.T.U., quickly becomes expensive given the internal space occupied by the spacers and the obligation, to do this, to manually arrange the bars one after the other.

L'autre difficulté majeure réside dans la fabrication mais surtout dans le dimensionnement de tels panneaux, notamment aux interfaces intérieures entretoise/peau de coffrage où les forces d'arrachement sont proportionnelles à la poussée du béton sur la paroi, pouvant atteindre, pour des hauteurs de coulage de 4 mètres, des valeurs de l'ordre de 10 tonnes par mètre carré.The other major difficulty lies in the manufacturing but especially in the dimensioning of such panels, in particular at interior interfaces spacer / formwork skin where the breakout forces are proportional to the thrust of the concrete on the wall, which can reach, for pouring heights of 4 meters, values of the order of 10 tonnes per square meter.

Cet aspect devient pénalisant si l'on y rajoute l'incorporation des ouvertures telles que fenêtres et portes devant comporter des armatures aux linteaux et aux jambages, puis enfin rédhibitoire si l'on prend en considération le positionnement des armatures de structure telles que poteaux ou raidisseurs devant reconstituer un maillage.This aspect becomes penalizing if we add the incorporation of the openings such as windows and doors to have lintel and frame reinforcements legs, then finally unacceptable if we take into consideration the positioning of structural reinforcements such as posts or stiffeners to reconstitute a mesh.

Le brevet WO 97/04195 a partiellement résolu le problème mais le procédé ne permet pas de placer un treillis soudé dans l'épaisseur du mur.Patent WO 97/04195 partially solved the problem but the method does not not allow to place a welded mesh in the thickness of the wall.

Il ne peut s'adapter, sauf à surdimensionner le mur, aux conditions minimales d'épaisseurs requises par les D.T.U. pour les parois extérieures notamment lorsque les alvéoles verticales reçoivent un conduit d'écoulement.It cannot adapt, except to oversize the wall, to the minimum conditions thicknesses required by D.T.U. for exterior walls, especially when the vertical cells receive a flow conduit.

Ce procédé ne résout pas le problème majeur du retrait entre les panneaux dans le cas où la face extérieure doit recevoir un enduit de parement.This process does not solve the major problem of shrinkage between the panels in the case where the external face must receive a coating of facing.

La grande modularité du système, la multitude des opérations intermédiaires qui conditionne la mise en oeuvre finale des éléments formant la paroi, la masse des panneaux à manutentionner, la difficulté d'introduire le béton dans les alvéoles compte tenu de l'encombrement des armatures et le manque d'adaptation du procédé à la souplesse recherchée dans le polymorphisme des constructions ne permettent pas d'apporter une réponse satisfaisante aux problématiques trouvées en matière de mise en oeuvre des parois en béton armé.The great modularity of the system, the multitude of intermediate operations which conditions the final implementation of the elements forming the wall, the mass of panels to be handled, the difficulty of introducing the concrete into the cells counts given the size of the reinforcement and the lack of adaptation of the process to the flexibility sought in the polymorphism of constructions does not allow to provide a satisfactory response to the problems found in terms of implementation using reinforced concrete walls.

Globalement, beaucoup de procédés confèrent de la souplesse par leur modularité mais imposent, en contrepartie, une importante remise en cause de la démarche intellectuelle régissant les procédés traditionnels par coffrages classiques et par conséquent de la main d'oeuvre.Overall, many processes confer flexibility by their modularity but impose, in return, a significant challenge to the intellectual approach governing traditional processes using classic formwork and therefore labor.

De plus, l'élargissement des gammes modulaires vers un plus grand nombre d'éléments ne fait que favoriser le recours à la manutention manuelle et limiter le rendement de ces procédés à celui des personnels exécutants.In addition, the extension of the modular ranges to a larger number of elements only promotes the use of manual handling and limits the performance of these processes to that of the performing personnel.

Aucun dispositif n'est arrivé à se substituer aux techniques classiques soit parce que le prix de revient final n'était pas représentatif d'un gain suffisamment important soit parce que l'apport de technologie entraínait une rupture culturelle trop forte, soit les deux.No device has succeeded in replacing conventional techniques either because that the final cost price was not representative of a sufficiently large gain, either because the contribution of technology led to too strong a cultural rupture, of them.

C'est la raison pour laquelle aucun des dispositifs des brevets cités ci avant n'ont été à ce jour commercialisés ou adoptés par la profession, ne serait ce que pour des applications spécifiques.This is the reason why none of the devices of the patents cited above have so far been marketed or adopted by the profession, if only for specific applications.

Dans tous les cas, il n'existe actuellement aucune technique de mise en oeuvre de parois en béton armé, que ce soit pour les opérations de coffrage ou de bétonnage, permettant à la fois 1) d'éviter le recours à une main d'oeuvre spécialisée coûteuse, 2) de résoudre les problèmes dus aux reprises de maçonneries, 3) d'augmenter les rendements sans augmenter conjointement l'apport de moyens matériels et humains, 4) d'offrir une parfaite étanchéité d'origine des coffrages, 5) de mettre à la côte les arases inférieures des planchers avec une grande précision en s'affranchissant des problèmes inhérents à la disponibilité des dimensions standard de coffrages et 6) de réduire à une seule intervention horizontale l'opération de coulage d'une construction ou d'une partie continue de construction.In any case, there is currently no implementation technique reinforced concrete walls, whether for formwork or concreting, allowing both 1) to avoid the use of expensive specialized labor, 2) to solve problems due to repossession of masonry, 3) increase yields without jointly increasing the contribution of material and human resources, 4) to offer a original watertightness of the formwork, 5) to place the lower levelings floors with great precision by overcoming the problems inherent in the availability of standard formwork dimensions and 6) reduce to one horizontal intervention the casting operation of a construction or part continues to build.

La technique proposée par la présente invention permet non seulement de résoudre conjointement les problèmes qui précèdent mais aussi celui du coulage, en une seule phase, des murs et des planchers.The technique proposed by the present invention not only makes it possible to jointly solve the above problems but also that of casting, in one single phase, walls and floors.

Elle permet d'intégrer, à la mise en oeuvre de la paroi, non seulement toutes les dispositions normatives requises par les différents règlements, mais aussi toutes les formes possibles d'ouvertures et de sujétions d'exécution sans que cela n'induise de plus value sur le prix de revient.It allows to integrate, in the implementation of the wall, not only all the normative provisions required by the different regulations, but also all possible forms of openings and performance constraints without further inducing value on the cost price.

Elle n'impose aucune rupture technologique par rapport aux applications traditionnelles et propose une mise en place selon les mêmes processus.It does not impose any technological break with applications traditional and proposes a setting up according to the same processes.

Elle n'impose le recours à aucun personnel spécialisé dans le sens où les tâches sont répétitives et systématisées.It does not require the use of any specialized personnel in the sense that the tasks are repetitive and systematized.

La présente invention peut être utilisée préférentiellement pour les parois verticales, mais aussi horizontales pour les planchers.The present invention can be preferably used for walls vertical, but also horizontal for floors.

L'avantage majeur, dans le cas des planchers, est de pouvoir circuler sur la surface horizontale en partie courante au moment du coulage et ceci avant le durcissement du béton.The major advantage, in the case of floors, is to be able to circulate on the horizontal surface partly running at the time of casting and this before hardening of concrete.

Un autre avantage est de pouvoir proposer des sous faces de planchers prêtes à peindre sans risque de voir apparaítre de fissure de retrait comme c'est le cas aux jonctions des prédalles, par exemple.Another advantage is to be able to offer ready-made undersides of floors to paint without risk of seeing shrinkage crack appear as is the case with predalle junctions, for example.

Pour les parois, la réduction globale des temps de mise en oeuvre est ici optimisée, par rapport aux techniques de coffrage classique, par la disparition de la plupart des tâches intermédiaires telles que : stockage des banches au siège de l'entreprise, démontage pour le transport et assemblage des banches sur chantier, stockage sur site, transport et manutention des ballasts en béton pour le contreventement des banches, transport puis stockage des équipements tels que ferrailles et mannequins sur le chantier, acheminement de ces équipements au poste de travail, mise en place de ces équipements fixés verticalement sur les banches, couplage et découplage des banches en fonction des capacités de la grue, serrage des banches par tiges filetées, lecture de plans, pervibration du béton, décoffrage et nettoyage du matériel, transport retour.For the walls, the overall reduction in implementation times is here optimized, compared to conventional formwork techniques, by the disappearance of the most intermediate tasks such as: storage of formwork at the headquarters of the company, dismantling for transport and assembly of the formwork on site, on-site storage, transport and handling of concrete ballasts for the sheet bracing, transport and storage of equipment such as scrap and mannequins on site, transportation of this equipment to the work, installation of these equipment fixed vertically on the formwork, coupling and decoupling of the formwork according to the capacities of the crane, tightening of the formwork by threaded rods, reading of plans, pervibration of the concrete, formwork removal and cleaning of the equipment, return transport.

Dans la présente invention, le dispositif s'adapte de lui-même à la construction par une fabrication sur mesure, il n'est donc pas nécessaire de conduire des calculs appropriés sur le chantier pour guider cette adaptation. In the present invention, the device adapts itself to the construction by custom manufacturing, it is therefore not necessary to carry out calculations appropriate on site to guide this adaptation.

Pour cela, l'objet de l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un ensemble monobloc en béton creux et étanche, prêt à poser, représentatif d'une partie de mur équipé de ses ouvertures, réservations et autres organes internes nécessaires à sa réalisation.For this, the object of the invention is characterized in that it consists of a monobloc set in hollow and waterproof concrete, ready to install, representative of a part wall equipped with its openings, reservations and other internal organs necessary to its realization.

On peut accessoirement adjoindre, lors de la fabrication, des éléments ornementaux formant contours d'ouvertures ouvragés, éléments de modénature, menuiseries extérieures, doublage isolation ou autres.It is incidentally possible to add, during the manufacturing, elements ornamental forming contours of ornate openings, elements of modenature, exterior joinery, insulation lining or other.

L'invention est aussi caractérisée par les différents éléments qui ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, dans laquelle :The invention is also characterized by the various elements which will emerge from the description which follows, in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique des coquilles formant les moules des alvéoles avant coulage du béton destiné à former le coffrage alvéolaire perdu.Figure 1 is a schematic view of the shells forming the molds of alveoli before pouring concrete intended to form the lost alveolar formwork.

La figure 2 est une vue schématique de la constitution des coquilles formées d'éléments capables de se replier en vue de leur retrait du mur constitué.Figure 2 is a schematic view of the constitution of the shells formed elements capable of folding back for removal from the built-up wall.

La figure 3 est une vue schématique des moyens autorisant le retrait des éléments constituant la coquille.Figure 3 is a schematic view of the means allowing the withdrawal of elements constituting the shell.

La figure 4 est une vue schématique d'une des cales introduites entre chaque coquille pour former, au niveau de chacune desdites cales, des canaux de transfert du béton entre chaque alvéole.Figure 4 is a schematic view of one of the shims introduced between each shell to form, at each of said shims, channels for transferring the concrete between each cell.

La figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un panneau coulé montrant la communication des différentes alvéoles entre elles.Figure 5 is a schematic view of a cast panel showing the communication of the different cells between them.

La figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'un mur ainsi constitué montrant les passages entre chaque alvéole réservée par chacune desdites cales.Figure 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a wall as well constituted showing the passages between each cell reserved by each of said wedges.

La figure 7 est une même vue schématique en coupe verticale faite au niveau de la réservation d'une ouverture.Figure 7 is the same schematic view in vertical section made at the level when booking an opening.

La figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'un ensemble de coquilles montrées avant coulage du béton devant former le coffrage alvéolaire perdu.Figure 8 is a schematic view in vertical section of a set of shells shown before pouring the concrete to form the lost honeycomb formwork.

La figure 9 est une vue schématique, en coupe verticale partielle, dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, après retrait des coquilles.Figure 9 is a schematic view, in partial vertical section, of said alveolar formwork lost, after removal of the shells.

La figure 10 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'un mur au niveau des ouvertures de transfert du béton entre alvéoles.Figure 10 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a wall at the level concrete transfer openings between cells.

La figure il est une vue schématique d'un ensemble de coquilles rompues en vue de la réservation nécessaire pour l'installation d'une huisserie (porte ou fenêtre).Figure it is a schematic view of a set of broken shells in view of the reservation required for the installation of a frame (door or window).

La figure 12 est une vue schématique, en perspective, d'une façade ornée d'éléments de modénature et ouverte d'une fenêtre ornée de même. Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of an ornate facade of elements of modenature and open of a window decorated with the same.

La figure 13 est une vue schématique, en coupe verticale partielle, d'une section de plancher.FIG. 13 is a schematic view, in partial vertical section, of a floor section.

Selon la figure 1, le coffrage perdu alvéolaire, objet de l'invention, destiné à la construction sur le chantier de la portion de mur correspondante, est fabriqué en usine sur une surface horizontale 1 munie de rives orthogonalement dressées sur une hauteur égale à ce que devra être l'épaisseur dudit coffrage perdu. Les dimensions entre rives dudit plateau 1 ainsi constitué sont respectivement égales aux dimensions qui seront celles, en hauteur et en longueur, de la portion du mur à laquelle ledit coffrage est destiné.According to FIG. 1, the alveolar lost formwork, object of the invention, intended for the construction on site of the corresponding portion of wall, is manufactured in the factory on a horizontal surface 1 provided with edges orthogonally erected over a height equal to what the thickness of said lost formwork should be. Dimensions between banks of said plate 1 thus formed are respectively equal to the dimensions which will be those, in height and in length, of the portion of the wall to which said formwork is intended.

Des demi-coquilles 2a, qui présentent la forme et les dimensions voulues pour former avec leurs symétriques 2b le moule des alvéoles 3, sont disposées sur ledit plateau 1, leur longueur allant de rive à rive, et sont supportées par les écarteurs 4 d'une hauteur égale à l'épaisseur qui doit être donnée au béton qui enrobera lesdites coquilles pour former ledit coffrage perdu, objet de l'invention.Half-shells 2a, which have the desired shape and dimensions for form with their symmetrical 2b the mold of the cells 3, are arranged on said plate 1, their length going from edge to edge, and are supported by the spacers 4 of a height equal to the thickness which must be given to the concrete which will coat the said shells to form said lost formwork, object of the invention.

Lesdites demi-coquilles 2a sont tenues écartées entre elles par les demi-cales 11a (fig. 4).Said half-shells 2a are held apart from one another by the half-shims 11a (fig. 4).

Un treillis soudé 9, d'une surface égale à celle du plateau 1, est posé sur l'ensemble des demi-coquilles 2a, dont chaque lèvre a été préalablement coiffée, sur toute sa longueur, par un joint élastomère souple 10 qui peut présenter des lamelles longitudinales minces qui permettent son meilleur emboítement sur le joint adjacent du même type qui enchâsse chacune des lèvres des demi-coquilles complémentaires.A welded mesh 9, with an area equal to that of the plate 1, is placed on the set of half-shells 2a, each lip of which has been previously styled, on its entire length, by a flexible elastomeric seal 10 which may have lamellae thin longitudinal which allow its best nesting on the adjacent joint of the same type which embeds each of the lips of the complementary half-shells.

Ces demi-coquilles 2a, sont alors coiffées par les demi-coquilles complémentaires 2b, symétriques des précédentes par rapport à un plan horizontal et audit joint élastomère 10 situé dans ce plan, et préalablement munies, au niveau de leurs lèvres, comme il vient d'être dit, d'un même joint élastomère 10. Le treillis soudé 9 se trouve ainsi immobilisé entre les deux demi-coquilles, l'étanchéité au niveau des joints 10, qui pince les éléments du treillis 9 étant assurée par la plasticité desdits joints.These half-shells 2a are then capped by the half-shells complementary 2b, symmetrical to the previous ones with respect to a horizontal plane and audit elastomer seal 10 located in this plane, and previously provided, at their lips, as has just been said, from the same elastomeric seal 10. The welded mesh 9 is thus immobilized between the two half-shells, the seal at the joints 10, which clamps the elements of the mesh 9 being ensured by the plasticity of said joints.

Du béton auto nivelant est alors coulé, jusqu'à fleur des rives du plateau 1, sur l'ensemble desdites coquilles ainsi formées et maintenues écartées entre elles par les cales 11 sur une largeur égale à l'épaisseur de la paroi devant séparer deux alvéoles 3 contiguës, les noyant en s'insérant entre elles pour former le coffrage alvéolaire perdu, dont les alvéoles 3 sont constituées par le vide des coquilles 2 (figure 9) et dont les parois extérieures 16 de ces mêmes alvéoles 3 constituent les parois apparentes du mur ou du plancher ainsi construit.Self-leveling concrete is then poured, up to the edge of the plateau 1, on all of said shells thus formed and kept apart from one another by the wedges 11 over a width equal to the thickness of the wall which must separate two cells 3 adjoining, drowning them by inserting them to form the lost honeycomb formwork, whose cells 3 are formed by the emptiness of the shells 2 (Figure 9) and whose outer walls 16 of these same cells 3 constitute the apparent walls of the wall or the floor thus constructed.

Lesdites coquilles 2, épousant la forme intérieure des alvéoles 3 et faites d'un matériau non adhérent ou rendu non adhérent au béton, qui ont permis la fabrication en usine du coffrage alvéolaire, peuvent alors être maintenues en place, formant alors elles-mêmes un coffrage primaire perdu lors du remplissage, sur le chantier, des alvéoles 3, pour la construction définitive du mur ou du plancher à construire.Said shells 2, conforming to the internal shape of the cells 3 and made of non-adherent material or made non-adherent to concrete, which allowed the manufacture alveolar formwork in the factory, can then be held in place, then forming themselves a primary formwork lost during filling, on site, of alveoli 3, for the final construction of the wall or floor to be constructed.

Mais lesdites coquilles 2 peuvent aussi être récupérées après la prise du béton qui les enveloppe. Pour cela, selon la figure 2, chaque demi-coquille 2a ou 2b est elle-même formée de deux éléments 5a et 5b, symétriques par rapport au plan vertical médian et réunis entre eux par un verrou 6 coulissant longitudinalement sur des queues d'arondes 7a et 7b juxtaposées de part et d'autre de leur ligne de contact, sur la face intérieure de chacun desdits éléments.But said shells 2 can also be recovered after the setting of the concrete who envelops them. For this, according to FIG. 2, each half-shell 2a or 2b is itself formed of two elements 5a and 5b, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane median and joined together by a bolt 6 sliding longitudinally on tails dovetails 7a and 7b juxtaposed on either side of their contact line, on the face interior of each of said elements.

On comprend qu'après l'enlèvement du verrou 6, les deux éléments 5a de chacune des demi-coquilles, 2a et 2b par exemple, peuvent alors basculer autour de leur point de jonction 8 équipé des joints élastomère 10, pour se rapprocher, chacun, du plan médian horizontal et pour s'y replier avant d'être retirées.We understand that after removing the latch 6, the two elements 5a of each of the half-shells, 2a and 2b for example, can then rock around their junction point 8 fitted with elastomer seals 10, to each approach the horizontal median plane and to fold back before being removed.

Les éléments 5a (fig. 3) formant en partie la coquille 2, se trouvent alors libérés du béton coulé qui, en les ayant enveloppés, a formé la paroi de l'alvéole 3, et peuvent être extraits, par translation longitudinale, du coffrage en béton ainsi réalisé, et dans lequel le treillis soudé 9 traverse chaque alvéole vide 3, pour former l'armature du béton qui sera coulé, sur le chantier, dans lesdites alvéoles, pour la construction du mur définitif.The elements 5a (fig. 3) partially forming the shell 2, are then found released from the poured concrete which, having enveloped them, formed the wall of the cell 3, and can be extracted, by longitudinal translation, from the concrete formwork thus produced, and in which the welded mesh 9 crosses each empty cell 3, to form the frame of the concrete which will be poured, on site, in said cells, for the construction of the wall final.

Les coquilles 2, qui permettent la fabrication, en usine, du coffrage en béton qui comporte les alvéoles 3, sont maintenues régulièrement écartées entre elles sur le plateau 1 par des cales intercalaires 11 (fig. 4), formées de deux éléments 11a et 11b symétriques entre eux par rapport au même plan horizontal que le plan de symétrie des demi-coquilles 2a et 2b, distribués le long de l'espace laissé entre chaque coquille 2, et au plan du treillis 9 et réunis l'un à l'autre par les ergots 12 assurant leur positionnement et leur maintien. La base horizontale de l'élément inférieur lia se situe dans le plan inférieur des demi-coquilles 2a et le plan supérieur de l'élément 11b se situe dans le plan extérieur des éléments supérieurs 2b desdites coquilles.The shells 2, which allow the manufacture, in the factory, of the concrete formwork which comprises the cells 3, are regularly maintained between them on the plate 1 by intermediate wedges 11 (fig. 4), formed of two elements 11a and 11b symmetrical to each other with respect to the same horizontal plane as the plane of symmetry of the half-shells 2 a and 2 b , distributed along the space left between each shell 2, and in the plane of the trellis 9 and joined one to the other 'other by the pins 12 ensuring their positioning and their maintenance. The horizontal base of the lower element 11a is located in the lower plane of the half-shells 2a and the upper plane of the element 11b is located in the external plane of the upper elements 2b of said shells.

Les dites cales 11, assemblées, comportent deux flancs verticaux 13, parallèles entre eux, dont la largeur correspond à l'écartement des coquilles 2 entre lesquelles lesdites cales sont placées, et orthogonaux aux parois latérales des coquilles 2 qu'elles séparent, et épousent, elle-mêmes, latéralement, le galbe nécessaire pour se trouver en contact étroit sur toute leur périphérie avec la paroi desdites coquilles 2.Said wedges 11, assembled, have two vertical sides 13, parallel between them, the width of which corresponds to the spacing of the shells 2 between which said shims are placed, and orthogonal to the side walls of the shells 2 that they separate, and marry, themselves, laterally, the curve necessary to be in close contact over their entire periphery with the wall of said shells 2.

L'écartement des flancs 13 entre eux est égal à la largeur de la réservation d'un canal de transfert 14, que chacune des cales 11 crée lors du coulage du béton sur les coquilles 2.The spacing of the sides 13 between them is equal to the width of the reservation a transfer channel 14, which each of the wedges 11 creates during the pouring of the concrete onto the shells 2.

Les cales ainsi constituées et interposées entre chacune des coquilles assemblées, non seulement les maintiennent uniformément écartées, mais aussi, lors du coulage du béton sur lesdites coquilles 2 placées en atelier en nombre nécessaire sur le plateau 1, évitent que le béton qui s'écoule dans l'espace intercalaire situé entre chaque coquille pour former les alvéoles vides 3, ne pénètre dans l'espace limité par les cales 11. Le coffrage alvéolaire ainsi formé comportera donc, au niveau de chacune des cales 11 des réserves vides de matériau qui, après extraction des coquilles 2, comme il a été dit, assureront, entre lesdites alvéoles 3, la réservation de communications 14 telles que signalées par des flèches sur la figure 5, afin d'assurer la répartition uniforme du béton coulé, sur le chantier, dans l'ensemble des alvéoles 3 (figure 5) pour la construction du mur définitif dans lequel les alvéoles 3 constituent le coffrage perdu.The wedges thus formed and interposed between each of the shells assembled, not only keep them uniformly apart, but also, when pouring concrete onto said shells 2 placed in the workshop in the necessary number on the tray 1, prevent the concrete flowing in the intermediate space between each shell to form the empty cells 3, does not enter the space limited by the wedges 11. The alveolar formwork thus formed will therefore comprise, at the level of each of the wedges 11 empty reserves of material which, after extraction of the shells 2, as was said, will ensure, between said cells 3, the reservation of communications 14 such as marked with arrows in Figure 5, to ensure uniform distribution of concrete poured, on site, in all of the cells 3 (Figure 5) for the construction of the final wall in which the cells 3 constitute the lost formwork.

De telles communications transversales 14 créées entre les alvéoles 3 sont apparentes sur les figures 6 et 7 qui montrent respectivement, en coupe verticale transversale, une paroi au niveau d'un mur quelconque (figure 6), et au niveau d'une ouverture dont on voit le linteau 15 (figure 7).Such transverse communications 14 created between the cells 3 are visible in FIGS. 6 and 7 which show respectively, in vertical section transverse, a wall at the level of any wall (figure 6), and at the level of a opening whose lintel 15 can be seen (Figure 7).

Selon la figure 11, le procédé de fabrication de coffrage perdu objet de l'invention, permet aussi la réservation d'ouvertures en vue de l'incorporation de portes ou de fenêtres.According to FIG. 11, the lost formwork manufacturing process object of the invention also allows the reservation of openings for the incorporation of doors or windows.

Pour cela, les coquilles 2, sont rompues et obturées au niveau 19 d'un linteau 17 muni d'un ferraillage traditionnel et coopérant avec des jambages 18.For this, the shells 2, are broken and closed at level 19 of a lintel 17 fitted with traditional reinforcement and cooperating with jambs 18.

Le coffrage perdu qui sera ainsi fabriqué comportera donc, d'usine, les vides destinés à recevoir les huisseries correspondantes.The lost formwork which will thus be manufactured will therefore contain, from the factory, the voids intended to receive the corresponding doorframes.

Selon les figures 8 et 12, l'implantation de tout élément décoratif, tel que les corniches 20, qui peut enfin être installé sur tout ou partie de la longueur de la façade des murs ou sur linteaux, est obtenue par la présence des goujons 21 qui sont solidaires dudit parement 20 et implantés à l'arrière de sa face vue et qui sont introduits, avant le coulage du béton formant la paroi des alvéoles 3, dans l'intervalle de deux alvéoles dans lequel lesdits goujons pénètrent jusqu'à atteindre le plateau 1 qui supporte ainsi provisoirement ledit parement, le maintenant à un niveau inférieur à la surface de la paroi extérieure 16 constituée par le béton postérieurement coulé, afin d'assurer à ce niveau l'étanchéité à l'arrière dudit parement (fig.12) qui se trouve ainsi incrusté dans la paroi extérieure du bâtiment.According to Figures 8 and 12, the layout of any decorative element, such as cornices 20, which can finally be installed over all or part of the length of the facade walls or lintels, is obtained by the presence of studs 21 which are integral of said facing 20 and located at the rear of its view face and which are introduced, before the pouring of the concrete forming the wall of the cells 3, in the interval of two cells in which said studs penetrate until reaching the plate 1 which thus supports provisionally said facing, keeping it below the surface of the outer wall 16 formed by the subsequently poured concrete, in order to ensure that level the seal at the rear of said facing (fig. 12) which is thus embedded in the exterior wall of the building.

Lors du coulage du béton devant constituer le coffrage perdu, lesdits goujons, faits de préférence d'un fer torsadé, seront emprisonnés dans sa masse, assurant la fixation du parement sur ledit coffrage perdu.When pouring the concrete to constitute the lost formwork, said studs, preferably made of a twisted iron, will be trapped in its mass, ensuring the fixing of the facing on said lost formwork.

Le procédé ainsi décrit, qui permet la fabrication en usine d'un coffrage qui, dressé à la verticale sur le chantier, permettra la construction d'un mur, peut aussi être utilisé pour la fabrication du coffrage perdu d'un plancher.The process thus described, which allows the manufacture in the factory of a formwork which, erected vertically on the site, will allow the construction of a wall, can also be used for the manufacture of the lost formwork of a floor.

Dans ce cas, selon la figure 13, le treillis soudé 9 est déplacé pour être mis, non plus dans le plan de jonction 10 des demi-coquilles, mais intercalé entre les coquilles 2 et le plateau 1 sur lequel elles reposent par l'intermédiaire des écarteurs 4 et les demi-coquilles 2a reçoivent immédiatement et directement les demi-coquilles 2b. Des écarteurs semblables 22, de hauteur convenable, supportent le treillis 9 qui se trouve ainsi placé dans la zone du plus grand effort où il joue le rôle d'armature résistante dans l'élément de structure définitivement construit.In this case, according to Figure 13, the welded mesh 9 is moved to be placed, no longer in the junction plane 10 of the half-shells, but interposed between the shells 2 and the plate 1 on which they rest via spacers 4 and the half-shells 2a immediately and directly receive the half-shells 2 b . Similar spacers 22, of suitable height, support the trellis 9 which is thus placed in the zone of the greatest effort where it plays the role of resistant reinforcement in the definitive structural element.

Pour le coulage, sur le chantier, en position horizontale, du béton à l'intérieur des alvéoles 3 du coffrage perdu d'un tel plancher, en vue de sa construction définitive (fig.13), des évents 23, d'une hauteur au moins égale à l'épaisseur de béton devant constituer la paroi 16 de l'alvéole 3 dudit coffrage perdu, sont installés régulièrement réparties à la surface supérieure des coquilles 2, de façon à éviter la formation de poches d'air lors du coulage du béton qui, sur le chantier, pour la construction définitive du plancher, doit remplir lesdites alvéoles 3 en position horizontale.For pouring, on site, in a horizontal position, concrete inside cells 3 of the lost formwork of such a floor, for its final construction (fig. 13), vents 23, of a height at least equal to the thickness of concrete in front constitute the wall 16 of the cell 3 of said lost formwork, are installed regularly distributed on the upper surface of the shells 2, so as to avoid the formation of air pockets when pouring concrete which, on site, for final construction of the floor, must fill said cells 3 in a horizontal position.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, chaque élément du dispositif étant constitué comme ci-dessus décrit, les portions de coquilles 5a et 5b, assemblées à l'aide du verrou 6 coulissant longitudinalement sur les queues d'aronde 7, forment ensemble une demi-coquille 2a qui est placée sur le plateau horizontal 1 dont elle est tenue écartée par les écarteurs 4, d'une hauteur égale à l'épaisseur qu'aura la paroi 16 des alvéoles 3. Un joint élastomère 10 est placé sur les lèvres de ladite demi-coquille.For the implementation of the method, each element of the device being constituted as above described, the shell portions 5a and 5b, assembled using of the bolt 6 sliding longitudinally on the dovetails 7, together form a half-shell 2a which is placed on the horizontal plate 1 from which it is held separated by the spacers 4, by a height equal to the thickness that the wall 16 of the alveoli 3. An elastomeric seal 10 is placed on the lips of said half-shell.

Des demi-coquilles semblablement équipées sont juxtaposées parallèlement à la précédente, chacune étant tenue écartée de sa voisine par la portion basse des cales 11a uniformément distribuées, de manière à garnir la totalité de la surface du plateau 1 entre ses rives. Un treillis soudé 9 est couché sur les joints élastomère 10 de l'ensemble des demi-coquilles ainsi organisées.Similar equipped half-shells are juxtaposed parallel to the previous one, each held apart from its neighbor by the lower portion of the wedges 11a uniformly distributed, so as to fill the entire surface of the tray 1 between its banks. A welded mesh 9 is coated on the elastomer seals 10 of the assembly half-shells thus organized.

Chaque demi-coquille 2a ainsi mise en place est coiffée par une demi-coquille 2b constituée de même façon. Et chaque cale 11a est complétée par une cale 11b symétrique de la précédente par rapport au plan du treillis 9.Each half-shell 2a thus put in place is capped by a half-shell 2b constituted in the same way. And each wedge 11a is completed by a wedge 11b symmetrical of the previous one with respect to the plane of the trellis 9.

Du béton auto nivelant de formulation et consistance appropriées, est alors coulé sur l'ensemble des coquilles 2 ainsi organisées, pénétrant entre elles et se répandant sur le plateau 1, et est arasé à sa surface supérieure au niveau de la plinthe de rive dudit plateau 1, formant ainsi les alvéoles vides 3 du coffrage perdu.Self-leveling concrete of appropriate formulation and consistency is then sunk on all the shells 2 thus organized, penetrating between them and spreading on the tray 1, and is leveled on its upper surface at the level of the plinth edge of said plate 1, thus forming the empty cells 3 of the lost formwork.

Après extraction du verrou 6, les coquilles 2, qui ont constitué le moule du coffrage perdu, sont extraites par translation longitudinale, les cales 11 restant prisonnières du béton dans les intervalles entre chaque coquille 2.After extraction of the lock 6, the shells 2, which formed the mold of the lost formwork, are extracted by longitudinal translation, the wedges 11 remaining trapped in concrete in the intervals between each shell 2.

La paroi alvéolaire ainsi constituée, et fabriquée en usine, forme, après prise du béton, un coffrage alvéolaire qui présente une faible densité par suite précisément de la présence de ses alvéoles vides 3, ce qui facilite son transport sur le chantier où, pour la même raison, il peut être aisément dressé sur les fondations déjà en place ou en étage, au moyen d'engins de levage de faible capacité avant que chaque alvéole soit remplie de béton auto-plaçant pour obtenir, grâce aux passages inter-alvéolaires 14 qui permettent la diffusion régulière du béton sur toute la surface du coffrage, un mur définitif présentant une masse homogène dans laquelle le treillis 9 se trouve prisonnier, formant l'armature du mur, dont les parois, extérieure et intérieure 16, sont formées par les parois, extérieure et intérieure, du coffrage perdu.The alveolar wall thus formed, and manufactured in the factory, forms, after setting concrete, alveolar formwork which has a low density precisely as a result of the presence of its empty cells 3, which facilitates its transport to the site where, for the same reason, it can be easily erected on the foundations already in place or in floor, using low capacity lifting gear before each cell is filled with self-placing concrete to obtain, thanks to the inter-alveolar passages 14 which allow regular distribution of concrete over the entire surface of the formwork, a wall final having a homogeneous mass in which the trellis 9 is trapped, forming the frame of the wall, the walls of which, external and internal 16, are formed by the walls, exterior and interior, of the lost formwork.

Le coffrage alvéolaire perdu ainsi fabriqué est transporté sur le chantier, où, dressé sur les fondations préparées, les alvéoles 3 se trouvant en position verticale, il reçoit le béton, de formulation et de consistance appropriées, dans chacune desdites alvéoles 3 qu'il comporte, ledit béton se répandant uniformément entre lesdites alvéoles grâce aux canaux de transfert 14 réservées entre elles au moyen des cales 11.The lost honeycomb formwork thus produced is transported to the site, where, erected on the prepared foundations, the alveoli 3 being in a vertical position, it receives concrete, of appropriate formulation and consistency, in each of said cells 3 which it comprises, said concrete spreading uniformly between said cells thanks to the transfer channels 14 reserved between them by means of wedges 11.

La liaison de deux panneaux de mur adjacents, situés dans un même plan ou selon une position dièdre, construits au moyen dudit procédé, s'effectue de façon traditionnelle, les fers en attente du treillis 9 de chacune des deux nappes étant rendus prisonniers d'un élément de structure intermédiaire. Une liaison semblable s'effectue entre les éléments de mur d'étage différents, ainsi qu'entre murs et planchers.The connection of two adjacent wall panels, located in the same plane or in a dihedral position, constructed by said method, is carried out so traditional, the irons awaiting the lattice 9 of each of the two layers being rendered prisoners of an intermediate structural element. A similar connection is made between different floor wall elements, as well as between walls and floors.

Pour la constitution des planchers, le coffrage alvéolaire perdu ainsi fabriqué est transporté sur le chantier, où, couché horizontalement sur les murs déjà construits il reçoit le béton de formulation et de consistance appropriées dans chacune des alvéoles 3 qu'il comporte, ledit béton se répandant uniformément sur le plan horizontal dans et entre lesdites alvéoles grâce, d'une part, aux canaux de transfert 14 réservées entre elles au moyen des cales 11 et, d'autre part, grâce aux évents 23 qui assurent l'évacuation de l'air qui pourrait être retenu prisonnier.For the construction of the floors, the lost cellular formwork thus manufactured is transported to the site, where, lying horizontally on the walls already built there receives the concrete of appropriate formulation and consistency in each of the cells 3 that it comprises, said concrete spreading uniformly on the horizontal plane in and between said cells thanks, on the one hand, to the transfer channels 14 reserved between them by means of wedges 11 and, on the other hand, thanks to the vents 23 which ensure the evacuation of the air that could be held captive.

L'ensemble de ce procédé permet donc la construction de murs et de planchers, pour lesquels, sur le chantier, une main d'oeuvre réduite et peu qualifiée est suffisante, de même que suffisent des moyens de manutention de faible capacité.The whole of this process therefore allows the construction of walls and floors, for which, on site, a reduced and unskilled workforce is sufficient, as well as low capacity handling means.

Claims (13)

Coffrage alvéolaire perdu, pour la construction de murs et de planchers, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un ensemble monobloc en béton creux et étanche obtenu par la juxtaposition d'alvéoles (3), aux parois en béton, parallèles entre elles, se développant chacune sur une longueur égale à la totalité de la hauteur dudit mur ou de la longueur dudit plancher, occupant ensemble une surface égale à la surface du mur ou du plancher à construire et comportant, prisonnier de leur structure, un treillis soudé (9) destiné à être l'armature résistante du mur ou du plancher postérieurement réalisé par simple remplissage, avec du béton, desdites alvéoles (3), dont les parois extérieures (16) constituent les parois apparentes du mur, ou du plancher, ainsi construits.Lost alveolar formwork, for the construction of walls and floors, characterized in that it is constituted by a monobloc assembly in hollow and waterproof concrete obtained by the juxtaposition of alveoli (3), with concrete walls, parallel to each other, each developing over a length equal to the entire height of said wall or the length of said floor, together occupying an area equal to the surface of the wall or floor to be constructed and comprising, trapped in their structure, a welded mesh (9 ) intended to be the resistant reinforcement of the wall or of the floor subsequently produced by simple filling, with concrete, of said cells (3), the external walls (16) of which constitute the apparent walls of the wall, or of the floor, thus constructed. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des coquilles (2), faites d'un matériau non adhérent, ou rendu non adhérent au béton, épousant la forme intérieure des alvéoles (3), dont elles constituent le moule, sont placées parallèles entre elles, sur un plateau (1) horizontal occupant la surface de la section de mur ou du plancher à construire, ledit plateau étant bordé de rives orthogonales d'une hauteur égale à l'épaisseur du mur ou du plancher à construire ; lesdites coquilles (2), qui s'étendent de rive à rive, étant écartées entre elles sur une largeur égale à l'épaisseur de la paroi devant séparer deux alvéoles (3) contiguës, et reposant sur ledit plateau (1) par l'intermédiaire d'écarteurs (4) d'une hauteur égale à l'épaisseur de la paroi dudit coffrage perdu.Method of manufacturing said lost cellular formwork, according to claim 1, characterized in that shells (2) made of a non-adherent material, or made non-adherent to concrete, conforming to the internal shape of the alveoli (3), they constitute the mold, are placed parallel to each other, on a horizontal plate (1) occupying the surface of the wall section or of the floor to be constructed, said plate being bordered by orthogonal edges of a height equal to the thickness of the wall or the floor to be built; said shells (2), which extend from side to side, being spaced apart over a width equal to the thickness of the wall which must separate two contiguous cells (3), and resting on said plate (1) by the intermediate spacers (4) with a height equal to the thickness of the wall of said lost formwork. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque coquille (2) est constituée par deux demi-coquilles (2a) et (2b) symétriques par rapport à un plan horizontal.Method of manufacturing said lost cellular formwork, according to claim 2, characterized in that each shell (2) consists of two half-shells (2 a ) and (2 b ) symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les lèvres de chacune desdites demi-coquilles sont garnies sur toute leur longueur d'un joint élastomère souple (10) muni de lamelles longitudinales.Method of manufacturing said lost cellular formwork, according to claim 3, characterized in that the lips of each of said half-shells are filled over their entire length with a flexible elastomeric seal (10) provided with longitudinal strips. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les demi-coquilles (2a) et (2b) sont elles-mêmes formées de deux éléments (5a) et (5b) symétriques par rapport à un plan médian vertical, et comportent, à leur surface intérieure, au niveau de leur plan de jonction, des queues d'arondes longitudinales (7a) et (7b), sur lesquelles coulisse un verrou longitudinal (6) capable de réunir les éléments (5a) et (5b).Method of manufacturing said lost cellular formwork, according to claim 4, characterized in that the half-shells (2 a ) and (2 b ) are themselves formed from two elements (5 a ) and (5 b ) symmetrical with respect to to a vertical median plane, and comprise, on their inner surface, at their junction plane, longitudinal dovetails (7 a ) and (7 b ), on which slides a longitudinal lock (6) capable of bringing together elements (5 a ) and (5 b ). Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que des cales (11), formées de deux éléments (11a) et (11b) symétriques par rapport au même plan horizontal que le plan de symétrie des demi-coquilles (2a) et (2b), sont distribuées le long de l'espace laissé entre chaque coquille (2); lesdits éléments (11a) et (11b), comportant chacun une base horizontale qui se situe réciproquement dans le plan inférieur et supérieur de la coquille (2), et comportant des flancs (13) verticaux parallèles, dont la largeur correspond à l'écartement des coquilles entre lesquelles lesdites cales sont placées, et qui sont orthogonaux à la paroi latérale desdites coquilles, leur périphérie s'adaptant exactement au profil desdites parois, et l'écartement desdits flancs (13) entre eux étant égal à la largeur de la réservation d'un canal de transfert (14), que chacune desdites cales crée lors du coulage du béton sur lesdites coquilles; des ergots (12) assurant le positionnement et le maintien entre elles des demi-cales (11a) et (11b).Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb form, according to claim 5, characterized in that wedges (11), formed of two elements (11 a ) and (11 b ) symmetrical with respect to the same horizontal plane as the plane of symmetry of the half -shells (2 a ) and (2 b ), are distributed along the space left between each shell (2); said elements (11a) and (11b), each comprising a horizontal base which is reciprocally located in the lower and upper plane of the shell (2), and comprising parallel vertical sides (13), the width of which corresponds to the spacing shells between which said shims are placed, and which are orthogonal to the side wall of said shells, their periphery fitting exactly to the profile of said walls, and the spacing of said sides (13) between them being equal to the width of the reservation a transfer channel (14), which each of said shims creates during the pouring of the concrete onto said shells; lugs (12) ensuring the positioning and the maintenance between them of the half-shims (11 a ) and (11 b ). Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon les revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour former un coffrage alvéolaire perdu destiné à la construction d'un mur, les demi-coquilles (2a), composées des éléments (5a) et (5b) réunis par le verrou (6), et dont les lèvres sont coiffées par le joint (10), étant placées en atelier, en nombre nécessaire, sur le plateau horizontal (1), par l'intermédiaire des écarteurs (4) qui les portent, et étant maintenues écartées entre elles par les demi-cales (11a), et leur longueur enfin allant de rive à rive, un treillis soudé (9) est couché sur l'ensemble des desdites demi-coquilles ainsi installées, occupant toute leur surface ; ledit treillis recevant alors les demi-coquilles symétriques (2b) équipées de même, pour former ensemble autant de coquilles (2); et les demi-cales (11b) étant alors installées dans les intervalles entre les coquilles sur les demi-cales correspondantes (11a) sur lesquelles elles sont retenues par les ergots (12).Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb form, according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that , to form a lost honeycomb form intended for the construction of a wall, the half-shells (2 a ), composed of the elements (5 a ) and (5 b ) joined by the bolt (6), and whose lips are capped by the seal (10), being placed in the workshop, in necessary number, on the horizontal plate (1), via the spacers (4) which carry them, and being kept apart between them by the half-shims (11a), and their length finally going from edge to edge, a welded mesh (9) is laid over all of said half-shells thus installed, occupying their entire surface; said trellis then receiving the symmetrical half-shells ( 2b ) likewise equipped, to form together as many shells (2); and the half-shims (11 b ) then being installed in the intervals between the shells on the corresponding half-shims (11 a ) on which they are retained by the pins (12). Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon les revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour former un coffrage alvéolaire perdu destiné à la construction d'un plancher, le treillis soudé (9) étant couché sur le plateau horizontal (1) à une hauteur déterminée par des écarteurs (22), où il se trouve placé dans la zone du plus grand effort, jouant le rôle d'armature résistante dans le plancher définitivement construit ; les demi-coquilles (2a) et les demi-cales (11a) sont installées sur ledit plateau de la même manière que pour le cas de la construction d'un mur, et reçoivent immédiatement et directement les demi-coquilles (2b) munies d'un joint (10) et les demi-cales (11b); des évents (23), d'une hauteur au moins égale à l'épaisseur de béton devant constituer l'alvéole (3), étant distribués, en position verticale, à la surface de la coquille (2).Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb form according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that , to form a lost honeycomb form intended for the construction of a floor, the welded mesh (9) lying on the horizontal plate (1) at a height determined by spacers (22), where it is placed in the zone of greatest effort, playing the role of resistant reinforcement in the definitively constructed floor; the half-shells (2 a ) and the half-shims (11 a ) are installed on said plate in the same manner as for the construction of a wall, and immediately and directly receive the half-shells (2 b ) fitted with a seal (10) and the half shims (11 b ); vents (23), of a height at least equal to the thickness of concrete to constitute the cell (3), being distributed, in a vertical position, on the surface of the shell (2). Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, fabriqué selon les revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour introduire des réservations d'ouverture d'huisseries dans un mur construit au moyen dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, les coquilles (2) correspondant à ladite ouverture sont rompues et comportent des obturations (19) au niveau prévu du linteau, dont le ferraillage est installé coopérant avec ses jambages.Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb form, manufactured according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that , to introduce door opening reservations in a wall constructed by means of said lost honeycomb form, the shells (2) corresponding to said opening are broken and have closures (19) at the planned level of the lintel, the reinforcement of which is installed cooperating with its legs. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, fabriqué selon les revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour placer des parements décoratifs (20) sur la façade des murs, ou sur linteau, des goujons (21), solidaires dudit parement, à son arrière, sont introduits dans les intervalles séparant les coquilles (2) jusqu'à atteindre le plateau (1) qui supporte ainsi lesdits parements, et la longueur desdits goujons étant telle que l'arrière dudit parement se trouve placé à une cote inférieure à la surface de la paroi extérieure (16) constituée par le béton postérieurement coulé.Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb formwork, manufactured according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that , for placing decorative facings (20) on the facade of the walls, or on the lintel, studs (21), integral with said facing, its rear, are introduced into the intervals separating the shells (2) until reaching the plate (1) which thus supports said facings, and the length of said studs being such that the rear of said facing is placed at a level less than the surface of the outer wall (16) formed by the subsequently poured concrete. Procédé de fabrication dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que les coquilles (2), devant servir de moules pour les alvéoles (3) qui doivent former le coffrage alvéolaire perdu, étant ainsi disposées sue le plateau horizontal (1), du béton, de formulation et de consistance appropriées, est coulé à leur surface et arasé au niveau supérieur des rives, pour les noyer en les enveloppant ; et, la prise du béton étant faite, les verrous (6) étant enlevés par translation longitudinale, les éléments (5a) et (5b) de chaque coquille (2), étant repliés dans le plan médian desdites coquilles, sont extraits de même, libérant les alvéoles (3) de leur moule formé par lesdites coquilles (2).Method of manufacturing said lost honeycomb, according to any one of claims 7 or 10, characterized in that the shells (2), to serve as molds for the cells (3) which must form the lost honeycomb, being thus arranged sue the horizontal plate (1), concrete, of appropriate formulation and consistency, is poured on their surface and leveled at the upper level of the banks, to drown them by enveloping them; and, the taking of the concrete being made, the latches (6) being removed by longitudinal translation, the elements (5 a ) and (5 b ) of each shell (2), being folded in the median plane of said shells, are extracted from even, releasing the cells (3) from their mold formed by said shells (2). Procédé de mise en oeuvre dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, pour construire un mur, le coffrage alvéolaire perdu ainsi fabriqué est transporté sur le chantier, où, dressé sur les fondations préparées, et les alvéoles (3) se trouvant en position verticale, il reçoit le béton, de formulation et de consistance appropriées, dans chacune desdites alvéoles (3) qu'il comporte, ledit béton se répandant uniformément entre lesdites alvéoles grâce aux canaux de transfert (14) réservées entre elles au moyen des cales (11).Method for using said lost honeycomb form according to any one of Claims 2 to 11, characterized in that , to build a wall, the lost honeycomb formwork thus produced is transported to the site, where, erected on the prepared foundations , and the cells (3) being in a vertical position, it receives the concrete, of appropriate formulation and consistency, in each of the said cells (3) which it comprises, the said concrete spreading uniformly between the said cells thanks to the transfer channels (14) reserved between them by means of shims (11). Procédé de mise en oeuvre dudit coffrage alvéolaire perdu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, pour construire un plancher, le coffrage alvéolaire perdu ainsi fabriqué est transporté sur le chantier, où, couché horizontalement sur les murs déjà construits, il reçoit le béton de formulation et de consistance appropriées dans chacune des alvéoles (3) qu'il comporte, ledit béton se répandant uniformément sur le plan horizontal dans et entre lesdites alvéoles grâce, d'une part, aux canaux de transfert (14) réservées entre elles au moyen des cales (11) et, d'autre part, grâce aux évents (23) qui assurent l'évacuation de l'air qui pourrait être retenu prisonnier.Method for using said lost honeycomb form, according to any one of Claims 2 to 11, characterized in that , to build a floor, the lost honeycomb formwork thus produced is transported to the site, where, lying horizontally on the walls already constructed, it receives the concrete of appropriate formulation and consistency in each of the cells (3) it comprises, said concrete spreading uniformly horizontally in and between said cells thanks, on the one hand, to the transfer channels (14) reserved between them by means of wedges (11) and, on the other hand, thanks to the vents (23) which ensure the evacuation of the air which could be held captive.
EP01430007A 2000-02-26 2001-02-19 Permanent hollow shuttering for building walls and floors and method for making and using such shuttering Withdrawn EP1134327A1 (en)

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FR0002496A FR2805555B1 (en) 2000-02-26 2000-02-26 LOST ALVEOLAR FORMWORK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND FLOORS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAID FORMWORK
FR0002496 2000-02-26

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013098495A1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Ingerec Panel intended to form a lost form panel for the production of walls
FR2985275A1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-05 Ingerec PANEL INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A LOST BANK FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WALLS
AU2012360752B2 (en) * 2011-12-30 2015-09-10 Ingerec Panel intended to form a lost form panel for the production of walls

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FR2805555A1 (en) 2001-08-31
FR2805555B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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