EP1130320B1 - Control system for boilers - Google Patents
Control system for boilers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1130320B1 EP1130320B1 EP00200749A EP00200749A EP1130320B1 EP 1130320 B1 EP1130320 B1 EP 1130320B1 EP 00200749 A EP00200749 A EP 00200749A EP 00200749 A EP00200749 A EP 00200749A EP 1130320 B1 EP1130320 B1 EP 1130320B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fan
- burner
- gas
- thermostat
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/26—Details
- F23N5/265—Details using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
- F23N1/10—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
- F23N5/203—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/12—Burner simulation or checking
- F23N2227/16—Checking components, e.g. electronic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
- F23N2233/04—Ventilators in stacks with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
- F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
- F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
- F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
Definitions
- a combined gas-air control system according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from document EP-A-0 909 922.
- the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1.
- the fan speed is calculated in order to achieve the required capacity.
- the fan speed is controlled by means of an adjustment system PID B to assure the steadiness of the required speed using as feedback signal the vacuum existing in the combustion chamber sensed by the analogue pressure switch P.A.D..
- control originates the current value to be sent to the modulator so that a constant and optimum air-gas ratio is achieved. This assures the combustion with emission values within the required limits while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load.
- thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety.
- the burner as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system.
- Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat then places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
- Fig. 2 also shows the block A.C.F. that checks the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
- Fig. 3 shows the functional diagram of such system.
- T represents the value for sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1.
- T (SS) represents the value of the water temperature detected by sensor S1.
- error e(T) is applied to a control system PID represented by blocks Kp e(T), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]e A2 in order to obtain the value V(H) representing the value of the required vacuum in the combustion chamber of the thermal load.
- This value is compared in the sum block A4 with the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. corresponding to the value of vacuum actually created by the fan.
- the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. is also used as input of the block T generating I(mod), the modulator current value, according to a predetermined curve correlating Vc(mod) to I(mod) in order to maintain the ratio air (produced by the fan at a speed VF) and gas (produced by the modulator with a current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions.
- the current of value I(mod) applied to the modulator of the gas valve produces the actual pressure P (gas) in the combustion chamber.
- the burner thermostat (THERM BURN) turns on and provides to switch-off the burner thus bringing the boiler to safety shutdown
- the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1.
- the fan speed is calculated in order to obtain a steady air-gas ratio and to assure the combustion with emission values within the required limits, while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load
- the fan Upon demand of heat, the fan is started at the maximum speed in order to assure the connection of the differential pressure switch and, therefore, to check the correct operation of the fan/flue-gas-exhausting system.
- the underpression in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the pressure switch P.D. gives no longer its consent and, therefore, the boiler is turned off.
- thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety.
- the burner as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system
- Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat, therefore, places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
- Fig. 5 also shows the block A.C.F. that check the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
- Fig. 6 shows the functional diagram of such system.
- T(PTS) represents the value of sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1.
- T(SS) represents the water temperature value detected by sensor S1.
- the Value V(Fan) is also used as input of the block T that produces I(Mod), the modulator current value, according to a pre-determined curve correlating V(Fan) to I(mod) in order to maintain the air-gas ratio produced by the modulator with current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions.
- the current value I(mod) applied to the gas valve modulator produces the actual pressure P(gas) in the combustion chamber.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The system for the combined adjustment of air and gas for the control of the combustion and for an optimum efficiency at variable thermal loads in gas-fired boilers can be used on a wide range of boilers, thanks to some simplifications compared with the systems previously adopted. A combined gas-air control system according to the preamble of
claim 1 is known from document EP-A-0 909 922. - The main components of this control (fig. 1) are the following:
- Sensor for detection of water temperature S 1 (40).
- Potentiometer for setting the required temperature P1 (PTS sanitary temperature, PTR ambient heating).
- Fan (FAN)(36) whose speed is controlled by the mP-based control boar
- Differential analogue pressure switch (P.A.D.)(39) for the control of the vacuum in the combustion chamber.
- Gas modulator (MOD.)(41) controlled by the mP-based control board.
- Safety thermostat placed on the burner.
- At the starting of the boiler, a control and adaptation cycle of the fan system, air sensor and flue-gas exhaust is carried out.
The operations performed are the following: - The signal value generated by P.A.D. is checked. Such signal shall not exceed a fixed value. This operation assures that there is no upwind or a possible failure in the sensor/electronic system.
- In case the above check is satisfactory, the fan is started. The P.A.D. signal shall be greater than the above value plus a predetermined constant in order to assure the correct presence of vacuum in combustion chambers and the adaptation of the fan speed to the flue-gas exhausting system.
- Should this check also give satisfactory results, the burner is started
- During the operation, the underpressure in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the burner is turned off.
- According to the plan in fig. 2, the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1. As a function of the difference between these values, the fan speed is calculated in order to achieve the required capacity. The fan speed is controlled by means of an adjustment system PID B to assure the steadiness of the required speed using as feedback signal the vacuum existing in the combustion chamber sensed by the analogue pressure switch P.A.D..
- As a function of this vacuum the control originates the current value to be sent to the modulator so that a constant and optimum air-gas ratio is achieved. This assures the combustion with emission values within the required limits while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load.
- The addition of a thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety. Actually the burner, as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system.
- Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat then places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
- Fig. 2 also shows the block A.C.F. that checks the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
- Fig. 3 shows the functional diagram of such system.
- In this diagram T (PTS) represents the value for sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1. T (SS) represents the value of the water temperature detected by sensor S1. These values are compared in the sum block A1 and the result, error e(T), is applied to a control system PID represented by blocks Kp e(T), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]e A2 in order to obtain the value V(H) representing the value of the required vacuum in the combustion chamber of the thermal load.
- This value is compared in the sum block A4 with the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. corresponding to the value of vacuum actually created by the fan. The result, error e(H), is applied to a control system PID, represented by blocks Kp e(H), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]dt and to block V(F)=f[e(H)] in order to obtain VF, representing the required fan speed needed by the fan to produce the required vacuum in the combustion chamber.
- The feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. is also used as input of the block T generating I(mod), the modulator current value, according to a predetermined curve correlating Vc(mod) to I(mod) in order to maintain the ratio air (produced by the fan at a speed VF) and gas (produced by the modulator with a current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions. The current of value I(mod) applied to the modulator of the gas valve produces the actual pressure P (gas) in the combustion chamber.
- In case of burner overheating due to bad combustion with out-of-standard emissions, the burner thermostat (THERM BURN) turns on and provides to switch-off the burner thus bringing the boiler to safety shutdown
- The main components of this control, as represented in fig. 4, are:
- Sensor for detection of water temperature S 1 (40).
- Potentiometer for setting the required temperature P1 (PTS sanitary temperature, PTR ambient heating).
- Fan (FAN)(36) whose speed is controlled by the mP-based control board
- Minimum differential pressure switch (P D.)(39) for the control of the vacuum in the combustion chamber.
- Gas modulator (MOD.)(41) controlled by the mP-based control board.
- Safety thermostat placed on the burner.
- According to the plan of Fig. 5, the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1. As a function of the difference between these values, the fan speed is calculated in order to obtain a steady air-gas ratio and to assure the combustion with emission values within the required limits, while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load
- At every starting of the boiler, a control cycle of the fan system, air sensor and flue-gas exhaust is carried out.
- The value of the signal generated by P.D. is checked. Such signal shall not give its consent in the absence of fan operation; as a consequence there is no upwind or a possible failure in the pressure switch/electronic system.
- Upon demand of heat, the fan is started at the maximum speed in order to assure the connection of the differential pressure switch and, therefore, to check the correct operation of the fan/flue-gas-exhausting system.
- During the operation, the underpression in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the pressure switch P.D. gives no longer its consent and, therefore, the boiler is turned off.
- The addition of a thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety. Actually the burner, as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system
- Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat, therefore, places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
- Fig. 5 also shows the block A.C.F. that check the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
- Fig. 6 shows the functional diagram of such system.
- In this diagram T(PTS) represents the value of sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1. T(SS) represents the water temperature value detected by sensor S1. These values are compared in the sum block A1 and the result, error e(T), is applied to a control system PID in order to obtain the value V(FAN) representing the value of the fan speed as a function of the demand of the thermal load.
- This value (V(Fan)) applied to the fan (block V(F)=f[e(H)]) produces the actual speed VF.
- The Value V(Fan) is also used as input of the block T that produces I(Mod), the modulator current value, according to a pre-determined curve correlating V(Fan) to I(mod) in order to maintain the air-gas ratio produced by the modulator with current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions. The current value I(mod) applied to the gas valve modulator produces the actual pressure P(gas) in the combustion chamber.
Claims (1)
- Air/gas adjusting system for boilers, comprising:a combustion chamber, having a burner (BURNER);a sensor (40, S1) for detecting water temperature;a potentiometer (P1) for setting a required temperature;a fan (36, FAN), a speed whereof is controlled by amicroprocessor-based control board;a differential analogue pressure switch (PAD), providing a signal correlated to the underpressure in said combustion chamber;a gas modulator (41, MOD), controller by said microprocessor-based control board;first control means (PIDA, PIDB; PID A), for controlling said speed of said fan (36, FAN) based on said underpressure signal, wherein said first control means (PIDA, PIDB; PID A) includes:a first PID controller (PIDA) for calculating a required fan speed as a function of a difference between said required temperature selected by said potentiometer (P1) and said water temperature detected by said sensor (S1) ;and a second PID controller (PIDB) for controlling said fan speed as a function of said required fan speed and of said underpressure signal;second control means (AIR/GAS RATIO) generating a current as a function of said signal for controlling a said gas modulator so that a constant and optimum air-gas ratio is achieved;characterised in that it comprises:first enabling means, configured for selectively enabling starting said fan (36, FAN) conditional on said underpressure signal being smaller than a fixed value before starting said fan, for selectively enabling said burner (BURNER), conditional on said signal being greater than said fixed value plus a predetermined constant after starting said fan (36, FAN), and for disabling said burner (BURNER) if, in operation, a vacuum level decreases under a predetermined limit;a thermostat (BURN THERM), arranged on said burner, and second enabling means (BURN THERM SAFETY CONTROL; SAFETY CONTROL), coupled to said thermostat (BURN THERM) and to said burner (BURNER), for selectively enabling said burner (BURNER) based on the temperature measurement of said thermostat (BURN THERM);and a further limit thermostat, arranged in series to said thermostat (BURN THERM) of said safety device.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES00200749T ES2277584T3 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | REGULATION SYSTEM FOR BOILERS. |
EP00200749A EP1130320B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Control system for boilers |
AT00200749T ATE350625T1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BOILER |
DE60032725T DE60032725T2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Control system for boiler |
CNB011109785A CN1185442C (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-05 | Air-gas regulating system of boiler |
HK03104773.2A HK1053350B (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2003-07-04 | A system for the adjustment of air and gas in boilers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00200749A EP1130320B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Control system for boilers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1130320A1 EP1130320A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
EP1130320B1 true EP1130320B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
Family
ID=8171139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00200749A Expired - Lifetime EP1130320B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Control system for boilers |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1130320B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1185442C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE350625T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60032725T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2277584T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1053350B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1351019B1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2013-07-17 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Process to check the operation of the regulation system of heating burner |
CN1332152C (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2007-08-15 | 株式会社庆东纳碧安 | Air proportional boiler using air pressure sensor |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0359315A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-03-14 | Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd | Safety control device of combustion apparatus |
NL9200825A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1993-12-01 | Fasto Nefit Bv | Fan controller |
CN1159852A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-09-17 | 株式会社佳士达 | Combustion equipment for judging abnormality or life |
DE69709928T2 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2002-08-29 | Riello S.P.A., Legnago | Combined control system for gas and air for controlling the combustion of a gas boiler |
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 AT AT00200749T patent/ATE350625T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-03 ES ES00200749T patent/ES2277584T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 EP EP00200749A patent/EP1130320B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 DE DE60032725T patent/DE60032725T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-05 CN CNB011109785A patent/CN1185442C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-07-04 HK HK03104773.2A patent/HK1053350B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1185442C (en) | 2005-01-19 |
CN1389680A (en) | 2003-01-08 |
ES2277584T3 (en) | 2007-07-16 |
ATE350625T1 (en) | 2007-01-15 |
DE60032725T2 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
DE60032725D1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
HK1053350B (en) | 2005-07-08 |
EP1130320A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
HK1053350A1 (en) | 2003-10-17 |
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