EP1130164A1 - Railway ballast tamping unit - Google Patents

Railway ballast tamping unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1130164A1
EP1130164A1 EP01420051A EP01420051A EP1130164A1 EP 1130164 A1 EP1130164 A1 EP 1130164A1 EP 01420051 A EP01420051 A EP 01420051A EP 01420051 A EP01420051 A EP 01420051A EP 1130164 A1 EP1130164 A1 EP 1130164A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
metering
clamping cylinder
cylinder
tamping unit
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Granted
Application number
EP01420051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1130164B1 (en
Inventor
M. Sandri Sartori
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Societe des Anciens Etablissements Lucien Geismar SAS
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Societe des Anciens Etablissements Lucien Geismar SAS
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Publication of EP1130164A1 publication Critical patent/EP1130164A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
    • E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
    • E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ballast tamping unit of railway tracks, of the forced vibration type.
  • tamping In the railway sector, it is necessary to consolidate the tracks by stalling the sleepers by a process called tamping. This consists in making the ballast penetrate under the sleepers, by means of devices called tamping units, which are actually vibrating clamps. These are forced into the ballast, on either side of a sleeper, in making them vibrate at a determined frequency close to the natural frequency ballast, and using a clamp to force a closing movement which forces the nesting of the ballast under the crosspiece.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying schematic drawing shows a unit of stuffing of current design.
  • This includes a chassis 1 provided vertical suspension elements 2 and 3, and two tool holders 4 and 5 symmetrically articulated on the chassis 1 around two respective axes 6 and 7, parallel and horizontal, in the manner of levers.
  • the two tool holders 4 and 5 are respectively equipped, in their upper parts, with tools 8 and 9 called “tampers", which take place on either side of a cross 10 of the way.
  • An eccentric device 11, carried by the central part of the chassis 1, ensures the vibration of tools 8 and 9.
  • the design general knowledge of this machine is known, for example, from the demand for patent FR 2666357 A in the name of the Applicant.
  • the respective upper ends of the two tool holders 4 and 5 are joined by a hydraulic clamping cylinder 12, substantially horizontal, the body 13 of the jack 12 being for example linked by a articulation 14 to the first tool holder 4, while the rod 15 of this jack 12 is linked by a hinge 16 to the second tool holder 5.
  • the hydraulic clamping cylinder 12 is usually associated with an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 17 which, in combination with a jumper tilting 18, acts as a mechanical stroke limiter for the cylinder tightening 12, as shown more particularly in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 17 is articulated by its body, around an axis 19, on the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, towards one end of this body 13.
  • the rod of the auxiliary jack 17 is articulated about an axis 20 on the rider 18 which is itself pivotally mounted about an axis 21 on the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, towards the other end of this body 13.
  • the jack auxiliary 17 brings the jumper 18 directly in stop on the front face of the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, by tilting around the axis 21.
  • the rider 18 thus positioned constitutes a blocking block, which limits the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder 12 at a value C1, by a mechanical stop effect.
  • This first position in which the clamping opening stroke of the vibrating clamp is limited, suitable for using the tamping unit with a crosspiece 10 simple.
  • the jack auxiliary 17 is actuated in the direction of retraction of its rod, so to rotate the jumper 18 around the axis 21 in the direction of its retraction - see Figure 3.
  • the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12 can then describe its maximum stroke C2, until the complete retraction of this rod 15 in the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12.
  • the opening stroke of the gripper is no longer limited, and tampers 8 and 9 can be further separated so as to enclose a double crosspiece.
  • Such a mechanical stop device is indicated, for example, in documents AT 294895 B and US 3608498 A.
  • This mechanical stop device is the cause of shocks and noises which, adding to the vibrations necessary for the tamping itself, and amplified by them, generates a high noise level when tamping unit operation.
  • the high noise level constitutes a nuisance not only for operators, but also for the neighborhood, especially during night work.
  • the current mechanical limitation device the stroke of the clamping cylinder 12 generates mechanical shocks, during the whole vibration phase.
  • Mechanical shocks already noisy in themselves, are increased by excitement, at the frequency of vibrations of the tamping unit, the play of the joints according to the three axes 19, 20 and 21 of the assembly consisting of the jack 17 and the jumper 18. This phenomenon considerably increases the noise of the tamping unit.
  • the object of the present invention is to suppress shocks, parasitic vibrations and noises generated by the known limiting device mechanics of the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder, so that reduce the total level of noise emissions from the tamping unit, in order to reduce these emissions to a level more acceptable to operators and the neighborhood.
  • the invention essentially relates to a unit of ballast tamping, of the type concerned here, that is to say comprising two tool holders, articulated on a chassis around parallel horizontal axes, which are equipped in their lower parts with tools capable of taking place on either side of a single or double crossing of the railway concerned, and whose upper ends are connected by a jack hydraulic clamping, means being provided for vibrating tools,
  • this ballast tamping unit being characterized in that supplying hydraulic fluid or draining the hydraulic cylinder tightening, for at least one of its two directions of movement, is ensured by a hydraulic assembly external to this jack, and comprising means for metering a quantity of hydraulic fluid capable of being admitted in said cylinder or evacuated from it, so as to make the rod describe of this cylinder, an opening stroke of the clamping cylinder limited to a value less than its full stroke, the hydraulic assembly further comprising hydraulic control means associated with said dosage means.
  • the means of dosing of the quantity of hydraulic fluid admitted into the clamping cylinder, or removed from it are constituted by a metering cylinder whose piston can be moved hydraulically over a controlled stroke, said metering cylinder being able to be placed in communication with the clamping cylinder, for allow the admission or draining of a predetermined quantity of fluid hydraulic in the clamping cylinder.
  • the inventive idea is to replace the stopper device current mechanical, limiting the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder, by a servo assembly providing a sort of "stop" hydraulic ", by dosing the quantity of oil used in the Tightening. Thanks to appropriate control means, this cylinder can be supplied or drained with hydraulic fluid either directly, in which case it performs its full opening stroke, suitable for the use of the tamping unit on double sleepers, either indirectly with intervention of the metering cylinder, in which case the clamping cylinder describes a limited opening stroke, suitable for use on sleepers simple.
  • the mechanical elements located on the unit jamming and shock and noise generators especially the jumper tilting and its actuating cylinder, are completely removed, which permanently eliminates the noises emitted by these elements and their joints.
  • the removal of these mechanical components simplifies the structure and kinematics of the tamping unit.
  • the hydraulic assembly including the means of dosing, such as the metering cylinder, and hydraulic control means associated with said metering means, is located at a distance from the jack hydraulic clamping, in a fixed, non-vibrating part of the machine.
  • the metering cylinder thus arranged at a stable point, does not generate noise mechanical. All this contributes to the reduction of noise pollution.
  • the hydraulic control means associated with metering means such as metering cylinder, these can be implemented simple by a set of distributors, in particular electro-distributors, arranged to selectively direct the hydraulic fluid directly to the clamping cylinder, or to the dosing means, or for selectively drain the clamping cylinder directly to the fluid source or to the dosage means.
  • FIGS 4 and 6 show a ballast tamping unit in accordance with the present invention, repeating, for the elements common, the same reference numbers as those of Figures 1 to 3.
  • this tamping unit further comprises a chassis 1 fitted with suspension elements 2 and 3, and two articulated tool holders 4 and 5 symmetrically on the chassis 1 around two respective axes 6 and 7, parallel and horizontal.
  • the two tool holders 4 and 5 are equipped, at their lower parts, of tools known as "tampers" 8 and 9, these being vibration by an eccentric device 11 carried by the central part of the chassis 1.
  • the respective upper ends of the two tool holders 4 and 5 are joined by a hydraulic hydraulic clamping cylinder 12, substantially horizontal.
  • the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12 is linked by a articulation 14 at the top of the first tool holder 6, while the rod 15 of this jack 12 is linked by a hinge 16 at the top of the second tool holder 5.
  • the clamping cylinder 12 is connected, by conduits 22 and 23, to a designated exterior hydraulic assembly overall by the reference 24, this hydraulic assembly 24 being mounted on a fixed, stable and non-vibrating part, symbolized at 25, of the machine.
  • the hydraulic assembly 24 ensures by itself, in addition to the general function for supplying the clamping cylinder 12 with fluid hydraulic, the special function of limiting the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder 12, that is to say the selective obtaining of a stroke reduced C1 (see figure 5), for the use of the tamping unit with a crosspiece 10 simple, and a full stroke C2 (see Figure 6), for the use of the same tamping unit with a double crosspiece.
  • the hydraulic assembly 24 has a special configuration, shown as a hydraulic diagram on Figure 7.
  • the hydraulic assembly 24 includes a pump 26, a oil tank 27, pressure limiter 28 and main distributor 29, in particular in the form of an electro-distributor.
  • a branch 30 of the hydraulic circuit, starting from the distributor main 29, is directly connected to one of the two chambers 31 of the jack tightening 12.
  • Another part of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the second chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 via a block of specific distribution 33, which includes three solenoid valves 34, 35 and 36. This part of the hydraulic circuit is also connected to a metering cylinder 37, mounted directly on the fixed part 25 of the machine.
  • the first solenoid valve 34 of block 33 is interposed on a branch of hydraulic circuit 38, starting from the main distributor 29 and leading to the second chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12.
  • the second solenoid valve 35 is interposed on a branch of the hydraulic circuit 39 returning to the oil tank 27.
  • the third solenoid valve 36 is interposed on a branch of hydraulic circuit 40, internal to the block 33, which connects an intermediate point 41 of the circuit branch 38, located between the first solenoid valve 34 and the actuator 12, at the starting point 42 of the circuit branch 39 returning to the reservoir 27.
  • the metering cylinder 37 comprises a cylindrical body, in which is slidably mounted a piston 43 integral with a rod 44, the end of which external cooperates with a limit switch 45.
  • a branch of hydraulic circuit 46 having its point of departure 47 on branch 38 between the main distributor 29 and the first solenoid valve 34, leads to one of the chambers 48 of the metering cylinder 37.
  • the other chamber 49 of this metering cylinder 37 is connected, by a final circuit branch 50, at the starting point 42 of circuit branch 39 returning to the reservoir 27, therefore also to the circuit branch 40 on which is inserted the third solenoid valve 36.
  • the operation of the hydraulic assembly 24 is as follows:
  • the main distributor 29 To control the output of the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12, with its full stroke C2, the main distributor 29 is placed in its position allowing the passage of oil under pressure from the pump 26, to the circuit branch 38 on which the first is inserted solenoid valve 34, the latter being brought into the open position for control the output stroke of the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12.
  • the main valve 29 is switched to its other position, allowing the passage of oil under pressure, from the pump 26, to the circuit branch 30 leading directly to the chamber 31 of the clamping cylinder 12.
  • the distributor 29 is brought into the same position as above but, in the distribution block 33, only the first solenoid valve 34 is open.
  • the metering cylinder 37 no longer intervenes, and the emptying of the chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 is carried out completely and directly by the circuit branch 38.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Device includes two vibrating tools (8,9) placed either side of a crossbeam (10) and supported by tool-holders (4,5) on a frame (1). The tool holders are both linked on their top end to a piston (12) whose movement is controlled by the amount of fluid injected precisely by a dosing piston, allowing precise positioning of the tools.

Description

La présente invention concerne une unité de bourrage de ballast de voies de chemin de fer, du type à vibration forcée.The present invention relates to a ballast tamping unit of railway tracks, of the forced vibration type.

Dans le domaine des chemins de fer, il est nécessaire de consolider les voies en calant les traverses par un procédé appelé bourrage. Celui-ci consiste à faire pénétrer le ballast sous les traverses, au moyen de dispositifs appelés unités de bourrage, qui sont en fait des pinces vibrantes. Celles-ci sont forcées dans le ballast, de part et d'autre d'une traverse, en les faisant vibrer à une fréquence déterminée voisine de la fréquence propre du ballast, et en imprimant à la pince un mouvement de fermeture qui force l'imbrication du ballast sous la traverse.In the railway sector, it is necessary to consolidate the tracks by stalling the sleepers by a process called tamping. This consists in making the ballast penetrate under the sleepers, by means of devices called tamping units, which are actually vibrating clamps. These are forced into the ballast, on either side of a sleeper, in making them vibrate at a determined frequency close to the natural frequency ballast, and using a clamp to force a closing movement which forces the nesting of the ballast under the crosspiece.

La figure 1 du dessin schématique annexé montre une unité de bourrage de conception actuelle. Celle-ci comprend un châssis 1 muni d'éléments de suspension verticaux 2 et 3, et deux porte-outils 4 et 5 articulés symétriquement sur le châssis 1 autour de deux axes respectifs 6 et 7, parallèles et horizontaux, à la manière de leviers. Les deux porte-outils 4 et 5 sont équipés respectivement, dans leurs parties supérieures, d'outils 8 et 9 dits "bourroirs", qui prennent place de part et d'autre d'une traverse 10 de la voie. Un dispositif à excentrique 11, porté par la partie centrale du châssis 1, assure la mise en vibration des outils 8 et 9. La conception générale de cette machine est connue, par exemple, par la demande de brevet FR 2666357 A au nom du Demandeur.Figure 1 of the accompanying schematic drawing shows a unit of stuffing of current design. This includes a chassis 1 provided vertical suspension elements 2 and 3, and two tool holders 4 and 5 symmetrically articulated on the chassis 1 around two respective axes 6 and 7, parallel and horizontal, in the manner of levers. The two tool holders 4 and 5 are respectively equipped, in their upper parts, with tools 8 and 9 called "tampers", which take place on either side of a cross 10 of the way. An eccentric device 11, carried by the central part of the chassis 1, ensures the vibration of tools 8 and 9. The design general knowledge of this machine is known, for example, from the demand for patent FR 2666357 A in the name of the Applicant.

Les extrémités supérieures respectives des deux porte-outils 4 et 5 sont réunies par un vérin hydraulique de serrage 12, sensiblement horizontal, le corps 13 du vérin 12 étant par exemple lié par une articulation 14 au premier porte-outil 4, tandis que la tige 15 de ce vérin 12 est liée par une articulation 16 au second porte-outil 5.The respective upper ends of the two tool holders 4 and 5 are joined by a hydraulic clamping cylinder 12, substantially horizontal, the body 13 of the jack 12 being for example linked by a articulation 14 to the first tool holder 4, while the rod 15 of this jack 12 is linked by a hinge 16 to the second tool holder 5.

Au vérin hydraulique de serrage 12 est associé, habituellement, un vérin hydraulique auxiliaire 17 qui, en combinaison avec un cavalier basculant 18, fait office de limiteur de course mécanique pour le vérin de serrage 12, comme représenté plus particulièrement sur les figures 2 et 3. Le vérin auxiliaire 17 est articulé par son corps, autour d'un axe 19, sur le corps 13 du vérin de serrage 12, vers une extrémité de ce corps 13. La tige du vérin auxiliaire 17 est articulée, autour d'un axe 20, sur le cavalier 18 qui est, lui-même, monté pivotant autour d'un axe 21 sur le corps 13 du vérin de serrage 12, vers l'autre extrémité de ce corps 13. The hydraulic clamping cylinder 12 is usually associated with an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 17 which, in combination with a jumper tilting 18, acts as a mechanical stroke limiter for the cylinder tightening 12, as shown more particularly in FIGS. 2 and 3. The auxiliary cylinder 17 is articulated by its body, around an axis 19, on the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, towards one end of this body 13. The rod of the auxiliary jack 17 is articulated about an axis 20 on the rider 18 which is itself pivotally mounted about an axis 21 on the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, towards the other end of this body 13.

Dans une première position, illustrée par la figure 2, le vérin auxiliaire 17 (dont la tige est sortie) amène le cavalier 18 directement en butée sur la face avant du corps 13 du vérin de serrage 12, par basculement autour de l'axe 21. Le cavalier 18 ainsi positionné constitue une cale de blocage, qui limite la course d'ouverture du vérin de serrage 12 à une valeur C1, par un effet de butée mécanique. Cette première position, dans laquelle la course d'ouverture de serrage de la pince vibrante est limitée, convient pour l'utilisation de l'unité de bourrage avec une traverse 10 simple.In a first position, illustrated by FIG. 2, the jack auxiliary 17 (whose rod is out) brings the jumper 18 directly in stop on the front face of the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12, by tilting around the axis 21. The rider 18 thus positioned constitutes a blocking block, which limits the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder 12 at a value C1, by a mechanical stop effect. This first position, in which the clamping opening stroke of the vibrating clamp is limited, suitable for using the tamping unit with a crosspiece 10 simple.

Pour traiter une traverse double, formée de deux traverses accolées, telle que rencontrée notamment à la jonction de rails, le vérin auxiliaire 17 est actionné dans le sens de la rentrée de sa tige, de manière à faire pivoter le cavalier 18 autour de l'axe 21 dans le sens de son escamotage - voir figure 3. La tige 15 du vérin de serrage 12 peut alors décrire sa course maximale C2, jusqu'à la rentrée complète de cette tige 15 dans le corps 13 du vérin de serrage 12. Ainsi, la course d'ouverture de la pince n'est plus limitée, et les bourroirs 8 et 9 peuvent être davantage écartés de manière à enserrer une traverse double.To treat a double sleeper, formed of two sleepers adjoining, as encountered in particular at the junction of rails, the jack auxiliary 17 is actuated in the direction of retraction of its rod, so to rotate the jumper 18 around the axis 21 in the direction of its retraction - see Figure 3. The rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12 can then describe its maximum stroke C2, until the complete retraction of this rod 15 in the body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12. Thus, the opening stroke of the gripper is no longer limited, and tampers 8 and 9 can be further separated so as to enclose a double crosspiece.

Un tel dispositif de butée mécanique est indiqué, par exemple, dans les documents AT 294895 B et US 3608498 A.Such a mechanical stop device is indicated, for example, in documents AT 294895 B and US 3608498 A.

Ce dispositif de butée mécanique est la cause de chocs et de bruits qui, s'ajoutant aux vibrations nécessaires au bourrage lui-même, et amplifiés par celles-ci, engendre un niveau de bruit élevé lors du fonctionnement de l'unité de bourrage. Le niveau sonore élevé constitue une nuisance non seulement pour les opérateurs, mais aussi pour le voisinage, notamment lors de travaux effectués de nuit.This mechanical stop device is the cause of shocks and noises which, adding to the vibrations necessary for the tamping itself, and amplified by them, generates a high noise level when tamping unit operation. The high noise level constitutes a nuisance not only for operators, but also for the neighborhood, especially during night work.

Plus particulièrement, le dispositif actuel de limitation mécanique de la course du vérin de serrage 12 engendre des chocs mécaniques, pendant toute la phase de vibration. Les chocs mécaniques, déjà bruyants en eux-mêmes, sont augmentés par l'excitation, à la fréquence des vibrations de l'unité de bourrage, des jeux des articulations selon les trois axes 19, 20 et 21 de l'ensemble constitué du vérin 17 et du cavalier 18. Ce phénomène augmente considérablement le bruit de l'unité de bourrage.More specifically, the current mechanical limitation device the stroke of the clamping cylinder 12 generates mechanical shocks, during the whole vibration phase. Mechanical shocks, already noisy in themselves, are increased by excitement, at the frequency of vibrations of the tamping unit, the play of the joints according to the three axes 19, 20 and 21 of the assembly consisting of the jack 17 and the jumper 18. This phenomenon considerably increases the noise of the tamping unit.

La présente invention a pour but de supprimer les chocs, vibrations parasites et bruits générés par le dispositif connu de limitation mécanique de la course d'ouverture du vérin de serrage, de manière à réduire le niveau total des émissions sonores de l'unité de bourrage, afin de ramener ces émissions à un niveau plus acceptable pour les opérateurs et le voisinage.The object of the present invention is to suppress shocks, parasitic vibrations and noises generated by the known limiting device mechanics of the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder, so that reduce the total level of noise emissions from the tamping unit, in order to reduce these emissions to a level more acceptable to operators and the neighborhood.

A cet effet, l'invention a essentiellement pour objet une unité de bourrage de ballast, du type ici concerné, c'est-à-dire comportant deux porte-outils, articulés sur un châssis autour d'axes horizontaux parallèles, qui sont équipés dans leurs parties inférieures d'outils aptes à prendre place de part et d'autre d'une traverse simple ou double de la voie ferrée concernée, et dont les extrémités supérieures sont reliées par un vérin hydraulique de serrage, des moyens étant prévus pour la mise en vibration des outils, cette unité de bourrage de ballast étant caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation en fluide hydraulique ou la vidange du vérin hydraulique de serrage, pour l'un au moins de ses deux sens de déplacement, est assurée par un ensemble hydraulique extérieur à ce vérin, et comprenant des moyens de dosage d'une quantité de fluide hydraulique apte à être admise dans ledit vérin ou évacuée de celui-ci, de manière à faire décrire, à la tige de ce vérin, une course d'ouverture du vérin de serrage limitée à une valeur inférieure à celle de sa course complète, l'ensemble hydraulique comprenant encore des moyens de contrôle hydrauliques associés auxdits moyens de dosage.To this end, the invention essentially relates to a unit of ballast tamping, of the type concerned here, that is to say comprising two tool holders, articulated on a chassis around parallel horizontal axes, which are equipped in their lower parts with tools capable of taking place on either side of a single or double crossing of the railway concerned, and whose upper ends are connected by a jack hydraulic clamping, means being provided for vibrating tools, this ballast tamping unit being characterized in that supplying hydraulic fluid or draining the hydraulic cylinder tightening, for at least one of its two directions of movement, is ensured by a hydraulic assembly external to this jack, and comprising means for metering a quantity of hydraulic fluid capable of being admitted in said cylinder or evacuated from it, so as to make the rod describe of this cylinder, an opening stroke of the clamping cylinder limited to a value less than its full stroke, the hydraulic assembly further comprising hydraulic control means associated with said dosage means.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de dosage de la quantité de fluide hydraulique admise dans le vérin de serrage, ou évacuée de celui-ci, sont constitués par un vérin doseur dont le piston est déplaçable hydrauliquement sur une course contrôlée, ledit vérin doseur étant apte à être mis en communication avec le vérin de serrage, pour permettre l'admission ou la vidange d'une quantité prédéterminée de fluide hydraulique dans le vérin de serrage.In one embodiment of the invention, the means of dosing of the quantity of hydraulic fluid admitted into the clamping cylinder, or removed from it, are constituted by a metering cylinder whose piston can be moved hydraulically over a controlled stroke, said metering cylinder being able to be placed in communication with the clamping cylinder, for allow the admission or draining of a predetermined quantity of fluid hydraulic in the clamping cylinder.

Ainsi, l'idée inventive consiste à remplacer le dispositif de butée mécanique actuel, limitant la course d'ouverture du vérin de serrage, par un ensemble d'asservissement réalisant en quelque sorte une "butée hydraulique", par dosage de la quantité d'huile utilisée dans le vérin de serrage. Grâce à des moyens de contrôle appropriés, ce vérin peut être alimenté ou vidangé en fluide hydraulique soit directement, auquel cas il effectue sa course d'ouverture complète, adaptée pour une utilisation de l'unité de bourrage sur des traverses doubles, soit indirectement avec intervention du vérin doseur, auquel cas le vérin de serrage décrit une course d'ouverture limitée, adaptée pour une utilisation sur des traverses simples.So the inventive idea is to replace the stopper device current mechanical, limiting the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder, by a servo assembly providing a sort of "stop" hydraulic ", by dosing the quantity of oil used in the Tightening. Thanks to appropriate control means, this cylinder can be supplied or drained with hydraulic fluid either directly, in which case it performs its full opening stroke, suitable for the use of the tamping unit on double sleepers, either indirectly with intervention of the metering cylinder, in which case the clamping cylinder describes a limited opening stroke, suitable for use on sleepers simple.

Grâce à l'invention, les éléments mécaniques, situés sur l'unité de bourrage et générateurs de chocs et de bruits, notamment le cavalier basculant et son vérin d'actionnement, sont entièrement supprimés, ce qui élimine définitivement les bruits émis par ces éléments et par leurs articulations. De plus, la suppression de ces composants mécaniques simplifie la structure et la cinématique de l'unité de bourrage.Thanks to the invention, the mechanical elements located on the unit jamming and shock and noise generators, especially the jumper tilting and its actuating cylinder, are completely removed, which permanently eliminates the noises emitted by these elements and their joints. In addition, the removal of these mechanical components simplifies the structure and kinematics of the tamping unit.

De préférence, l'ensemble hydraulique incluant les moyens de dosage, tels que le vérin doseur, et les moyens de contrôle hydrauliques associés auxdits moyens de dosage, est situé à distance du vérin hydraulique de serrage, dans une partie fixe, non vibrante de la machine. Le vérin doseur, ainsi disposé en un point stable, n'engendre pas de bruit mécanique. Tout ceci contribue à la diminution des nuisances sonores.Preferably, the hydraulic assembly including the means of dosing, such as the metering cylinder, and hydraulic control means associated with said metering means, is located at a distance from the jack hydraulic clamping, in a fixed, non-vibrating part of the machine. The metering cylinder, thus arranged at a stable point, does not generate noise mechanical. All this contributes to the reduction of noise pollution.

Quant aux moyens de contrôle hydrauliques, associés aux moyens de dosage tels que vérin doseur, ceux-ci sont réalisables de façon simple par un ensemble de distributeurs, notamment d'électro-distributeurs, agencés pour sélectivement diriger le fluide hydraulique directement vers le vérin de serrage, ou vers les moyens de dosage, ou pour sélectivement vidanger le vérin de serrage directement vers la source de fluide ou vers les moyens de dosage.As for the hydraulic control means, associated with metering means such as metering cylinder, these can be implemented simple by a set of distributors, in particular electro-distributors, arranged to selectively direct the hydraulic fluid directly to the clamping cylinder, or to the dosing means, or for selectively drain the clamping cylinder directly to the fluid source or to the dosage means.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple, une forme d'exécution de cette unité de bourrage de ballast :

  • Figure 1 (déjà mentionnée) est une vue d'ensemble, de face, d'une unité de bourrage de l'état de la technique ;
  • Figure 2 (déjà mentionnée) montre le vérin de serrage et le dispositif de butée mécanique associé, appartenant à l'unité de bourrage de la figure 1, dans la position de limitation de course d'ouverture de serrage.
  • Figure 3 est une vue similaire à figure 2, mais illustrant la position de course d'ouverture complète, pour l'unité de bourrage de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue d'ensemble, de face, d'une unité de bourrage conforme à la présente invention ;
  • Figure 5 montre le vérin de serrage de l'unité de bourrage selon l'invention, dans la position de limitation de la course d'ouverture de serrage ;
  • Figure 6 montre le vérin de serrage de l'unité de bourrage selon l'invention, dans la position de course d'ouverture complète ;
  • Figure 7 est un schéma hydraulique de l'unité de bourrage de ballast selon l'invention.
    • The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing representing, by way of example, an embodiment of this ballast tamping unit:
  • Figure 1 (already mentioned) is an overall view, front, of a tamping unit of the prior art;
  • Figure 2 (already mentioned) shows the clamping cylinder and the associated mechanical stop device, belonging to the tamping unit of Figure 1, in the clamping opening stroke limiting position.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but illustrating the full open stroke position, for the tamping unit of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an overall front view of a tamping unit according to the present invention;
  • Figure 5 shows the clamping cylinder of the tamping unit according to the invention, in the position for limiting the clamping opening stroke;
  • Figure 6 shows the clamping cylinder of the tamping unit according to the invention, in the fully open stroke position;
  • Figure 7 is a hydraulic diagram of the ballast tamping unit according to the invention.

    • Les figures 4 et 6 représentent une unité de bourrage de ballast conforme à la présente invention, en reprenant, pour les éléments communs, les mêmes références numériques que celles des figures 1 à 3.Figures 4 and 6 show a ballast tamping unit in accordance with the present invention, repeating, for the elements common, the same reference numbers as those of Figures 1 to 3.

    Ainsi, cette unité de bourrage comprend encore un châssis 1 muni d'éléments de suspension 2 et 3, et deux porte-outils 4 et 5 articulés symétriquement sur le châssis 1 autour de deux axes respectifs 6 et 7, parallèles et horizontaux. Les deux porte-outils 4 et 5 sont équipés, à leurs parties inférieures, d'outils dits "bourroirs" 8 et 9, ceux-ci étant mis en vibration par un dispositif à excentrique 11 porté par la partie centrale du châssis 1.Thus, this tamping unit further comprises a chassis 1 fitted with suspension elements 2 and 3, and two articulated tool holders 4 and 5 symmetrically on the chassis 1 around two respective axes 6 and 7, parallel and horizontal. The two tool holders 4 and 5 are equipped, at their lower parts, of tools known as "tampers" 8 and 9, these being vibration by an eccentric device 11 carried by the central part of the chassis 1.

    Les extrémités supérieures respectives des deux porte-outils 4 et 5 sont réunies par un vérin hydraulique de serrage hydraulique 12, sensiblement horizontal. Le corps 13 du vérin de serrage 12 est lié par une articulation 14 au sommet du premier porte-outil 6, tandis que la tige 15 de ce vérin 12 est liée par une articulation 16 au sommet du second porte-outil 5.The respective upper ends of the two tool holders 4 and 5 are joined by a hydraulic hydraulic clamping cylinder 12, substantially horizontal. The body 13 of the clamping cylinder 12 is linked by a articulation 14 at the top of the first tool holder 6, while the rod 15 of this jack 12 is linked by a hinge 16 at the top of the second tool holder 5.

    Le vérin de serrage 12 est raccordé, par des conduits hydrauliques 22 et 23, à un ensemble hydraulique extérieur désigné globalement par le repère 24, cet ensemble hydraulique 24 étant monté sur une partie fixe, stable et non vibrante, symbolisée en 25, de la machine.The clamping cylinder 12 is connected, by conduits 22 and 23, to a designated exterior hydraulic assembly overall by the reference 24, this hydraulic assembly 24 being mounted on a fixed, stable and non-vibrating part, symbolized at 25, of the machine.

    L'ensemble hydraulique 24 assure par lui-même, en plus de la fonction générale d'alimentation du vérin de serrage 12 en fluide hydraulique, la fonction particulière de limitation de la course d'ouverture du vérin de serrage 12, c'est-à-dire l'obtention sélective d'une course réduite C1 (voir figure 5), pour l'utilisation de l'unité de bourrage avec une traverse 10 simple, et d'une course complète C2 (voir figure 6), pour l'utilisation de la même unité de bourrage avec une traverse double. The hydraulic assembly 24 ensures by itself, in addition to the general function for supplying the clamping cylinder 12 with fluid hydraulic, the special function of limiting the opening stroke of the clamping cylinder 12, that is to say the selective obtaining of a stroke reduced C1 (see figure 5), for the use of the tamping unit with a crosspiece 10 simple, and a full stroke C2 (see Figure 6), for the use of the same tamping unit with a double crosspiece.

    A cet effet, l'ensemble hydraulique 24 possède une configuration particulière, montrée sous forme de schéma hydraulique sur la figure 7.To this end, the hydraulic assembly 24 has a special configuration, shown as a hydraulic diagram on Figure 7.

    L'ensemble hydraulique 24 comprend une pompe 26, un réservoir d'huile 27, un limiteur de pression 28 et un distributeur principal 29, notamment sous forme d'électro-distributeur.The hydraulic assembly 24 includes a pump 26, a oil tank 27, pressure limiter 28 and main distributor 29, in particular in the form of an electro-distributor.

    Une branche 30 du circuit hydraulique, partant du distributeur principal 29, est reliée directement à l'une des deux chambres 31 du vérin de serrage 12.A branch 30 of the hydraulic circuit, starting from the distributor main 29, is directly connected to one of the two chambers 31 of the jack tightening 12.

    Une autre partie du circuit hydraulique est reliée à la seconde chambre 32 du vérin de serrage 12 par l'intermédiaire d'un bloc de distribution spécifique 33, qui comprend trois électro-distributeurs 34, 35 et 36. Cette partie du circuit hydraulique est aussi reliée à un vérin doseur 37, monté directement sur la partie fixe 25 de la machine.Another part of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the second chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 via a block of specific distribution 33, which includes three solenoid valves 34, 35 and 36. This part of the hydraulic circuit is also connected to a metering cylinder 37, mounted directly on the fixed part 25 of the machine.

    Le premier électro-distributeur 34 du bloc 33 est intercalé sur une branche de circuit hydraulique 38, partant du distributeur principal 29 et menant à la seconde chambre 32 du vérin de serrage 12. Le deuxième électro-distributeur 35 est intercalé sur une branche de circuit hydraulique 39 retournant vers le réservoir d'huile 27. Le troisième électro-distributeur 36 est intercalé sur une branche de circuit hydraulique 40, interne au bloc 33, qui relie un point intermédiaire 41 de la branche de circuit 38, situé entre le premier électro-distributeur 34 et le vérin 12, au point de départ 42 de la branche de circuit 39 retournant vers le réservoir 27.The first solenoid valve 34 of block 33 is interposed on a branch of hydraulic circuit 38, starting from the main distributor 29 and leading to the second chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12. The second solenoid valve 35 is interposed on a branch of the hydraulic circuit 39 returning to the oil tank 27. The third solenoid valve 36 is interposed on a branch of hydraulic circuit 40, internal to the block 33, which connects an intermediate point 41 of the circuit branch 38, located between the first solenoid valve 34 and the actuator 12, at the starting point 42 of the circuit branch 39 returning to the reservoir 27.

    Le vérin doseur 37 comprend un corps cylindrique, dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston 43 solidaire d'une tige 44, dont l'extrémité extérieure coopère avec un contact de fin de course 45.The metering cylinder 37 comprises a cylindrical body, in which is slidably mounted a piston 43 integral with a rod 44, the end of which external cooperates with a limit switch 45.

    Une branche de circuit hydraulique 46, ayant son point de départ 47 sur la branche 38 entre le distributeur principal 29 et le premier électro-distributeur 34, aboutit à l'une des chambres 48 du vérin doseur 37. L'autre chambre 49 de ce vérin doseur 37 est reliée, par une dernière branche de circuit 50, au point de départ 42 de la branche de circuit 39 retournant vers le réservoir 27, donc aussi à la branche de circuit 40 sur laquelle est intercalé le troisième électro-distributeur 36.A branch of hydraulic circuit 46, having its point of departure 47 on branch 38 between the main distributor 29 and the first solenoid valve 34, leads to one of the chambers 48 of the metering cylinder 37. The other chamber 49 of this metering cylinder 37 is connected, by a final circuit branch 50, at the starting point 42 of circuit branch 39 returning to the reservoir 27, therefore also to the circuit branch 40 on which is inserted the third solenoid valve 36.

    Le fonctionnement de l'ensemble hydraulique 24 est le suivant :The operation of the hydraulic assembly 24 is as follows:

    Pour commander la sortie de la tige 15 du vérin de serrage 12, avec sa course complète C2, le distributeur principal 29 est placé dans sa position permettant le passage de l'huile sous pression, depuis la pompe 26, vers la branche de circuit 38 sur laquelle est intercalé le premier électro-distributeur 34, celui-ci étant amené en position d'ouverture pour commander la course de sortie de la tige 15 du vérin de serrage 12.To control the output of the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12, with its full stroke C2, the main distributor 29 is placed in its position allowing the passage of oil under pressure from the pump 26, to the circuit branch 38 on which the first is inserted solenoid valve 34, the latter being brought into the open position for control the output stroke of the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12.

    Simultanément, l'huile sous pression est admise, par la branche de circuit 46, dans la chambre 48 du vérin doseur 37, dont l'autre chambre 49 est alors vidangée par les branches de circuit 50 et 39, le deuxième électro-distributeur 35 étant ouvert.At the same time, pressurized oil is admitted by the branch circuit 46, in chamber 48 of metering cylinder 37, of which the other chamber 49 is then drained by the circuit branches 50 and 39, the second solenoid valve 35 being open.

    Pour commander la rentrée de la tige 15 du vérin de serrage 12, avec la course réduite C1, le distributeur principal 29 est commuté dans son autre position, permettant le passage de l'huile sous pression, depuis la pompe 26, vers la branche de circuit 30 menant directement à la chambre 31 du vérin de serrage 12.To control the retraction of the rod 15 of the clamping cylinder 12, with the reduced stroke C1, the main valve 29 is switched to its other position, allowing the passage of oil under pressure, from the pump 26, to the circuit branch 30 leading directly to the chamber 31 of the clamping cylinder 12.

    Simultanément, dans le bloc de distribution 33, seul le troisième électro-distributeur 36 est ouvert. L'huile vidangée de l'autre chambre 32 du vérin de serrage 12 est ainsi transférée, par les branches de circuit 40 et 50, dans la chambre 49 du vérin doseur 37, dont le piston 43 est déplacé (vers le haut par référence à la figure 7) jusqu'à ce que sa tige 44 vienne actionner le contact de fin de course 45. Le déplacement C3 de la tige 44 est alors interrompu, les deux électro-distributeurs 36 et 29 étant refermés ; ce déplacement C3 est "dosé" de telle sorte qu'à l'instant de la fermeture des électro-distributeurs 36 et 29, la vidange de la seconde chambre 32 du vérin de serrage 12 soit partielle, et corresponde à la course réduite C1 désirée pour le vérin de serrage 12.Simultaneously, in distribution block 33, only the third solenoid valve 36 is open. Oil drained from the other chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 is thus transferred, by the circuit branches 40 and 50, in the chamber 49 of the metering cylinder 37, the piston 43 of which is moved (upwards with reference to Figure 7) until its rod 44 actuate the limit switch 45. The movement C3 of the rod 44 is then interrupted, the two solenoid valves 36 and 29 being closed; this displacement C3 is "dosed" so that at the time of the closing of solenoid valves 36 and 29, emptying of the second chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 is partial, and corresponds to the stroke reduced C1 desired for clamping cylinder 12.

    Pour commander la rentrée de la tige 15 du même vérin de serrage 18, avec la course complète C2, le distributeur 29 est amené dans la même position que précédemment mais, dans le bloc de distribution 33, seul le premier électro-distributeur 34 est ouvert. Ainsi, le vérin doseur 37 n'intervient plus, et la vidange de la chambre 32 du vérin de serrage 12 s'effectue de façon complète, et directement, par la branche de circuit 38.To control the retraction of the rod 15 of the same cylinder tightening 18, with the full stroke C2, the distributor 29 is brought into the same position as above but, in the distribution block 33, only the first solenoid valve 34 is open. Thus, the metering cylinder 37 no longer intervenes, and the emptying of the chamber 32 of the clamping cylinder 12 is carried out completely and directly by the circuit branch 38.

    L'on ne s'éloignerait pas du cadre de l'invention, telle que définie dans les revendications annexées, en modifiant le détail du circuit hydraulique, du moment que celui-ci réalise les mêmes fonctions, ou en modifiant la structure du vérin doseur, par exemple en réalisant ce vérin avec un piston "flottant", sans tige, et avec un système de détection de fin de course différent (par exemple magnétique), ou encore en remplaçant le vérin doseur par tous moyens hydrauliques équivalents, notamment du genre "accumulateur hydraulique".One would not depart from the scope of the invention, such as defined in the appended claims, modifying the detail of the circuit hydraulic, as long as it performs the same functions, or modifying the structure of the metering cylinder, for example by making this cylinder with a "floating" piston, without rod, and with an end detection system different stroke (for example magnetic), or by replacing the metering cylinder by all equivalent hydraulic means, in particular like "hydraulic accumulator".

    Claims (5)

    Unité de bourrage de ballast de voies ferrées, comportant deux porte-outils (4, 5), articulés sur un châssis (1) autour d'axes horizontaux parallèles (6, 7), qui sont équipés dans leurs parties inférieures d'outils (8, 9) aptes à prendre place de part et d'autre d'une traverse (10) simple ou double de la voie ferrée concernée, et dont les extrémités supérieures sont reliées par un vérin hydraulique de serrage (12), des moyens (11) étant prévus pour la mise en vibration des outils (8, 9), caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation en fluide hydraulique ou la vidange du vérin hydraulique de serrage (12), pour l'un au moins de ses deux sens de déplacement, est assurée par un ensemble hydraulique (24, 33) extérieur à ce vérin (12), et comprenant des moyens de dosage (37) d'une quantité de fluide hydraulique apte à être admise dans ledit vérin (12) ou évacuée de celui-ci, de manière à faire décrire sélectivement à la tige (15) de ce vérin (12) une course d'ouverture de serrage (C1) limitée à une valeur inférieure à celle de sa course complète (C2), l'ensemble hydraulique (24, 33) comprenant encore des moyens de contrôle hydrauliques (34, 35, 36) associés auxdits moyens de dosage (37).Railway ballast tamping unit, comprising two tool holders (4, 5), articulated on a frame (1) around parallel horizontal axes (6, 7), which are equipped in their lower parts with tools ( 8, 9) able to take place on either side of a single or double crosspiece (10) of the railway concerned, and the upper ends of which are connected by a hydraulic clamping cylinder (12), means ( 11) being provided for vibrating the tools (8, 9), characterized in that the supply of hydraulic fluid or the emptying of the hydraulic clamping cylinder (12), for at least one of its two directions of displacement, is ensured by a hydraulic assembly (24, 33) external to this jack (12), and comprising metering means (37) of a quantity of hydraulic fluid capable of being admitted into said jack (12) or discharged from the latter, so as to selectively describe the rod (15) of this jack (12) a stroke o tightening opening (C1) limited to a value less than that of its complete stroke (C2), the hydraulic assembly (24, 33) further comprising hydraulic control means (34, 35, 36) associated with said metering means ( 37). Unité de bourrage de ballast selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de dosage de la quantité de fluide hydraulique admise dans le vérin de serrage (12), ou évacuée de celui-ci, sont constitués par un vérin doseur (37) dont le piston (43) est déplaçable hydrauliquement sur une course contrôlée (C3), ledit vérin doseur (37) étant apte à être mis en communication avec le vérin de serrage (12), pour permettre l'admission ou la vidange d'une quantité prédéterminée de fluide hydraulique dans ce vérin de serrage (12).Ballast tamping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for metering the quantity of hydraulic fluid admitted into the clamping cylinder (12), or discharged from it, consist of a metering cylinder (37) the piston (43) of which is hydraulically movable over a controlled stroke (C3), the said metering cylinder (37) being able to be placed in communication with the clamping cylinder (12), to allow the admission or the emptying of predetermined amount of hydraulic fluid in this clamping cylinder (12). Unité de bourrage de ballast selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le piston (43) du vérin doseur (37) est solidaire d'une tige (44) qui coopère avec un contact de fin de course (45), le déplacement contrôlé (C3) de la tige (44) correspondant à la course réduite (C1) du vérin de serrage (12).Ballast tamping unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the piston (43) of the metering cylinder (37) is integral with a rod (44) which cooperates with a limit switch (45), the movement controlled (C3) of the rod (44) corresponding to the reduced stroke (C1) of the clamping cylinder (12). Unité de bourrage de ballast selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de contrôle hydrauliques, associés aux moyens de dosage tels que vérin doseur (37), sont constitués par un ensemble (33) de distributeurs, notamment d'électro-distributeurs (34, 35, 36), agencés pour sélectivement diriger le fluide hydraulique directement vers le vérin de serrage (12), ou vers les moyens de dosage (37), ou pour sélectivement vidanger le vérin de serrage (12) directement vers la source de fluide (26, 27) ou vers les moyens de dosage (37).Ballast tamping unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydraulic control means, associated with the metering means such as metering cylinder (37), consist of a set (33) of distributors, in particular solenoid valves (34, 35, 36), arranged to selectively direct the hydraulic fluid directly to the clamping cylinder (12), or to the metering means (37), or to selectively drain the clamping cylinder ( 12) directly to the fluid source (26, 27) or to the metering means (37). Unité de bourrage de ballast selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble hydraulique (24, 33) incluant les moyens de dosage, tels que vérin doseur (37), et les moyens de contrôle hydrauliques (34, 35, 36) associés auxdits moyens de dosage, est situé à distance du vérin hydraulique de serrage (12), dans une partie fixe (25), non vibrante de la machine.Ballast tamping unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydraulic assembly (24, 33) including the metering means, such as metering cylinder (37), and the hydraulic control means ( 34, 35, 36) associated with said metering means, is located at a distance from the hydraulic clamping cylinder (12), in a fixed, non-vibrating part of the machine.
    EP01420051A 2000-02-29 2001-02-22 Railway ballast tamping unit Expired - Lifetime EP1130164B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR0002571A FR2805550B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2000-02-29 RAILWAY BALLAST DRAWING UNIT
    FR0002571 2000-02-29

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    EP1130164A1 true EP1130164A1 (en) 2001-09-05
    EP1130164B1 EP1130164B1 (en) 2003-09-17

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    US (1) US6401623B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1130164B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2001288701A (en)
    AT (1) ATE250167T1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2338871A1 (en)
    DE (1) DE60100766T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2805550B1 (en)

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    WO2019120834A1 (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-06-27 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Tamping assembly for tamping sleepers of a track

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    ES2583373B1 (en) 2015-03-18 2017-06-15 Jose Antonio Ibañez Latorre RAILWAY MAINTENANCE MACHINE FOR LEVELING AND ALIGNMENT OF ROAD, WITH CAPACITY TO OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTIONS IN YOUR RUNWAY ADVANCED AND OPERATE IN ROAD CHANGES BATTING THE DEVIVED ROAD.
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE60100766T2 (en) 2004-07-15
    US6401623B2 (en) 2002-06-11
    CA2338871A1 (en) 2001-08-29
    FR2805550A1 (en) 2001-08-31
    FR2805550B1 (en) 2003-09-26
    EP1130164B1 (en) 2003-09-17
    DE60100766D1 (en) 2003-10-23
    ATE250167T1 (en) 2003-10-15
    US20010018879A1 (en) 2001-09-06
    JP2001288701A (en) 2001-10-19

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