EP1129802B1 - Process for controlling the pressing force for metal powder compression - Google Patents

Process for controlling the pressing force for metal powder compression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1129802B1
EP1129802B1 EP01104107A EP01104107A EP1129802B1 EP 1129802 B1 EP1129802 B1 EP 1129802B1 EP 01104107 A EP01104107 A EP 01104107A EP 01104107 A EP01104107 A EP 01104107A EP 1129802 B1 EP1129802 B1 EP 1129802B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
predetermined
ram
compressive force
die
pressing force
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EP01104107A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1129802A3 (en
EP1129802B2 (en
EP1129802A2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Hinzpeter
Ulrich Zeuschner
Thomas Pannewitz
Ulf Hauschild
Klaus Peter Rüssmann
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Fette GmbH
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Fette GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005Control arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of pressed parts, in particular of cutting inserts made of hard metal, by pressing of metal powder and subsequent sintering of the compact according to claim 1.
  • z. B. for carbide inserts is the maintenance of a predetermined total height between the insert seat and at least one cutting edge having a predetermined distance from the insert seat.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing carbide inserts by pressing and sintering of the compact, in particular of indexable inserts, which is simpler than the last described known method and nevertheless leads to excellent results.
  • the lower punch here assumes a filling position.
  • the lower punch is first moved to a slightly lower position, so that a slight oversupply is filled, after which then the lower punch occupies the final filling position and is stripped with the help of the filling shoe ejected from the die bore rest.
  • upper punch and lower punch are moved to a predetermined first or second position, with a certain compressive force can already be applied. If it is a compact, which is intended for a cutting plate with clearance angle, corresponds to the position of the upper punch at the approached second position z. B. the upper edge of the compact.
  • the predetermined maximum value for the pressing force is determined by previous attempts. First of all, it is determined which compression the Metal powder is to receive then to be exposed to the sintering process. Then it is examined how large the filling amount must be so that when applying a predetermined pressing force a certain height of the compact is reproducibly achieved. If, therefore, switched off in the inventive method at a predetermined pressing force, then it can be assumed that the predetermined height of the compact has been achieved. In this way, a given density of the compact is achieved even with certain Greankept. Since filling fluctuations of the compact are not completely ruled out, it is preferable to proceed in such a way that given existing tolerances in case of doubt, there is a certain excess when switching off at a given pressing force value. If excessive, the compact is processed, preferably by grinding, to bring it to the predetermined height or thickness.
  • a die 10 is shown, whose bore has a mold cavity 12, which is conical in cross-section. With the aid of such a mold cavity 12, a compact can be produced, which is used as an insert, for example, a clearance angle insert.
  • the upper edge of the mold cavity 12 from the upper edge of the die 12 has a distance x.
  • an upper punch 14 and below the die 10, a lower punch 16 is indicated.
  • the punches 14, 16 are suitably operated by hydraulic cylinders. These are so controllable (not shown) that they apply a desired force. In addition, they can be speed controlled to produce a desired force-time curve.
  • the lower punch 16 When filling the die bore, the lower punch 16 has a predetermined filling position. Its position determines the filling quantity.
  • the lower punch 16 is also moved to a predetermined position, as shown for example in Fig. 2. Here is already one Pressing process instead. Subsequently, the lower punch 16 is moved further until a predetermined pressing force has been reached.
  • the pressing force is such that, for a given filling quantity, the height of the compact to be formed (not shown) corresponds to the desired height. If the desired height or thickness has not yet been reached, it is necessary after sintering to edit the plate thus formed to the desired level, for. B. to grind. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid that a compact is formed with undersize in the method described.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 differs from that of Figures 1 and 2 only in that the bore of the die is cylindrical.
  • the cutting plate produced by means of the method therefore has no clearance angle.
  • the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 are provided with the same reference numerals as Figure 1.
  • Line 20 in Fig. 5 indicates the die top edge.
  • the thick curve 22 indicates the position of a top punch, and the thick curve 24 that of a lower punch, for example, the punch 14, 16 after Figures 3 and 4.
  • the thick line 26 indicates the position of the Greschuhs.
  • the lower punch has the position a corresponding to the upper edge of the die and the upper punch is located clearly above the upper edge of the die.
  • the filling shoe is located above the die, and the lower punch moves into a first filling position b, during which a filling of the die bore with hard metal powder takes place, as indicated at 28.
  • the filling is finished at c.
  • the lower punch moves slightly up to the position d, which represents the final filling position, ie the column of powder in the die bore corresponds to the predetermined filling quantity. Any excess material above the upper edge of the die 20 is then stripped off the filling shoe.
  • the filling shoe then moves into its starting position, and the upper punch moves to the position P2, while the lower punch moves back slightly at the same time to prevent the upper punch presses powder material laterally out of the die bore.
  • the upper punch is moved to the position P3, wherein the lower punch still retains the previously assumed position. Now begins the pressing process, the position P4 of top and bottom punches over a predetermined path, which cover the punch, can be approached.
  • the pressing force is maintained, after P6 the upper punch is slightly raised to allow a certain relaxation of the compact. Subsequently, upper and lower punches are raised together until the upper punch has reached the upper edge of the die 10. After some time (position P9) then the upper punch is moved up and allows the lower punch to move the compact out of the die bore.

Abstract

Producing pressed parts comprises pouring a predetermined amount of metal powder into a matrix bore (12) of a press; adjusting lower (16) and upper stamps (14) of the press in a predetermined first and/or second position; further adjusting the lower stamp and optionally the upper stamp and simultaneously measuring pressing force of the lower stamp; and stopping the adjusting movement of the lower stamp and optionally the upper stamp when a predetermined value for the pressing force is reached.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßteilen, insbesondere von Schneidplatten aus Hartmetall, durch Pressen von Metallpulver und anschliessendes Sintern des Preßlings nach dem Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for the production of pressed parts, in particular of cutting inserts made of hard metal, by pressing of metal powder and subsequent sintering of the compact according to claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, Formteile aus Hartmetall, Keramik, Sintermetall oder dergleichen mit Hilfe von Pressen herzustellen. Das pulverförmige bzw. granuläre Material ist so bereit zu stellen, daß bei einem angewandten Preßdruck der Preßling eine homogene Struktur bekommt und sich sintern läßt. Eine übliche Formgebung ist das sogenannte Direktpressen in entsprechend ausgeführten Preßformen oder Matrizen, denen ein Ober- und Unterstempel zugeordnet sind. Entsprechend dem jeweiligen Preßdruck ergibt sich beim Preßling eine unterschiedliche Dichte. Preßlinge mit geringerer Dichte schwinden beim Sintern jedoch stärker als Preßlinge mit höherer Dichte. Durch unterschiedlich einstellbare Preßwege für Ober- und Unterstempel wird versucht, Dichteabweichungen zu minimieren. Andererseits können unterschiedliche Dichten in der Praxis durch unterschiedliche Preßkräfte entstehen, die wiederum bei gleicher Höhe der Preßlinge, z. B. durch Füllschwankungen, die bis zu einigen Prozenten gehen, hervorgerufen werden. Erschwerend bei der Herstellung von Preßlingen, z. B. für Hartmetallschneidplatten, ist das Einhalten einer vorgegebenen Gesamthöhe zwischen Plattensitz und mindestens einer Schneidkante, die einen vorgegebenen Abstand zum Plattensitz aufweist.It is known to produce molded parts made of hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like by means of presses. The powdery or granular material is to be provided so that at an applied pressing pressure of the compact gets a homogeneous structure and can be sintered. A common shape is the so-called direct pressing in correspondingly executed molds or dies, which are associated with an upper and lower punch. Depending on the particular pressing pressure results in the compact a different density. However, lower density compacts shrink more strongly in sintering than higher density compacts. By differently adjustable pressing paths for upper and lower punch is trying to minimize density deviations. On the other hand, different densities can arise in practice by different pressing forces, which in turn at the same height of the compacts, z. B. caused by filling fluctuations that go up to a few percent. To make matters worse in the production of compacts, z. B. for carbide inserts, is the maintenance of a predetermined total height between the insert seat and at least one cutting edge having a predetermined distance from the insert seat.

Aus DE 42 09 787 ist bekannt geworden, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Dichte z. B. innerhalb einer Charge zu erreichen, indem die Preßkraft gemessen und anschließend eine Korrektur über die Füllung für die nachfolgenden Preßlinge vorgenommen wird.From DE 42 09 787 it has become known, as uniform as possible density z. B. within a batch by measuring the pressing force and then made a correction on the filling for the subsequent compacts.

Aus DE 197 17 217 ist ferner bekannt geworden, abhängig von der Geometrie des Preßlings und des Ausgangsmaterials während der Kompression für einen Preßstempel ein gewünschtes Kraft-Weg-Diagramm (Sollkurve) zu ermitteln und zu speichern. Mittels eines separat betätigten Abschnitts des Preßstempels oder eines getrennten Stempels wird der Druck auf das Preßmaterial während der Kompressionsphase erhöht oder verringert, sobald eine Abweichung von der Sollkurve ermittelt wird, um am Ende der Kompressionsphase eine gleiche Dichte jedes Preßlings zu erhalten. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist jedoch nur anwendbar bei Preßlingen, bei welchen die Fläche des Preßlings im mittleren Bereich unkritisch ist. Dies gilt z. B. für die Sitzfläche einer Schneidplatte, bei der es ausreicht, wenn z. B. ein umlaufender Rand einen präzisen Abstand von der Schneidkante hat, während der mittlere Bereich mehr oder weniger vertieft sein kann.DE 197 17 217 has also become known, depending on the geometry of the compact and the starting material during compression for a ram a desired force-displacement diagram (setpoint curve) to determine and store. By means of a separately actuated portion of the ram or a separate punch, the pressure on the pressing material during the compression phase is increased or decreased as soon as a deviation from the nominal curve is determined in order to obtain an equal density of each compact at the end of the compression phase. However, such a method is only applicable to compacts in which the area of the compact in the central region is not critical. This applies z. B. for the seat of a cutting plate, where it is sufficient if z. B. a circumferential edge has a precise distance from the cutting edge, while the central region can be more or less recessed.

Aus US-A-4 000 231 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßteilen durch Pressen von Metallpulver und anschließendes Sintern bekannt geworden, bei dem nach Beendigung des Preßvorgangs noch eine bestimmte Belastung des Preßlings vorgenommen wird, die nach und nach beendet wird, indem der Oberstempel in die obere Totpunktlage gefahren wird, während der Unterstempel den Preßling ausschiebt. Auf diese Weise wird versucht, die Bildung von Rissen im Preßling zu verhindern.From US-A-4 000 231 a method for the production of pressed parts by pressing of metal powder and subsequent sintering has become known in which after completion of the pressing process still a certain load of the compact is made, which is gradually terminated by the upper punch is moved to the top dead center, while the lower punch expels the compact. In this way, an attempt is made to prevent the formation of cracks in the compact.

Aus EP-A-0 358 770 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßteilen durch Pressen von Metallpulver bekannt geworden, bei dem die Stempel auf einen Preßkraft-Endwert gefahren werden. Zur Betätigung der Stempel wird ein elektromotorisch betriebener Spindelantrieb verwendet.From EP-A-0 358 770 a method for the production of pressed parts by pressing of metal powder has become known in which the punches are driven to a pressing force end value. To operate the stamp an electric motor operated spindle drive is used.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schneidplatten aus Hartmetall durch Pressen und Sintern des Preßlings, insbesondere von Wendeschneidplatten, zu schaffen, das einfacher als das zuletzt beschriebene bekannte Verfahren ist und gleichwohl zu hervorragenden Ergebnissen führt.The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing carbide inserts by pressing and sintering of the compact, in particular of indexable inserts, which is simpler than the last described known method and nevertheless leads to excellent results.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1.

Wie beim herkömmlichen Verfahren wird auch bei der Erfindung zunächst eine vorgegebene Menge an Metallpulver in die Matrizenbohrung eingefüllt, wobei der Unterstempel hierbei eine Einfüllposition einnimmt. Gegebenenfalls wird der Unterstempel zunächst in eine etwas tiefere Position verfahren, so daß eine geringfügige Übermenge eingefüllt wird, wonach dann der Unterstempel die endgültige Einfüllposition einnimmt und mit Hilfe des Füllschuhs der aus der Matrizenbohrung ausgestoßene Rest abgestreift wird. Anschließend werden von Hydraulikzylindern angetriebene Oberstempel und Unterstempel in eine vorgegebene erste bzw. zweite Position verfahren, wobei bereits eine gewisse Preßkraft aufgebracht werden kann. Handelt es sich um einen Preßling, der für eine Schneidplatte mit Freiwinkel gedacht ist, entspricht die Lage des Oberstempels bei der angefahrenen zweiten Position z. B. der Oberkante des Preßlings. Anschließend erfolgt ein weiteres Verstellen von Unter- und Oberstempel, wobei jedoch im Falle eines Preßlings mit Freiwinkel nur der Unterstempel verstellt wird. Bei diesem Verstellvorgang werden die Preßkräfte fortlaufend gemessen, wobei die Zustellbewegung von Unter- und Oberstempel entlang einer vorgegebenen Sollkurve für die Preßkraft über der Zeit erfolgt und beendet wird, wenn die Preßkraft einen vorgegebenen maximalen Wert erreicht hat. Auch bei Verstellung beider Stempel kann es ausreichen, allein die Preßkraft am Unterstempel zu messen und die Verstellbewegung zu beenden, wenn die gemessene Preßkraft den vorgegebenen maximalen Wert erreicht hat.As in the conventional method, a predetermined amount of metal powder is first filled in the die bore in the invention, the lower punch here assumes a filling position. Optionally, the lower punch is first moved to a slightly lower position, so that a slight oversupply is filled, after which then the lower punch occupies the final filling position and is stripped with the help of the filling shoe ejected from the die bore rest. Subsequently, driven by hydraulic cylinders upper punch and lower punch are moved to a predetermined first or second position, with a certain compressive force can already be applied. If it is a compact, which is intended for a cutting plate with clearance angle, corresponds to the position of the upper punch at the approached second position z. B. the upper edge of the compact. Subsequently, a further adjustment of lower and upper punch, but in the case of a compact with clearance angle only the lower punch is adjusted. In this adjustment, the pressing forces are measured continuously, the feed movement of lower and upper punch along a predetermined setpoint curve for the pressing force over time and is terminated when the pressing force has reached a predetermined maximum value. Even when adjusting both stamps, it may be sufficient to measure only the pressing force on the lower punch and to end the adjustment when the measured pressing force has reached the predetermined maximum value.

Der vorgegebene maximale Wert für die Preßkraft wird durch vorangehende Versuche ermittelt. Zunächst einmal wird ermittelt, welche Verdichtung das Metallpulver erhalten soll, um anschließend dem Sinterungsprozeß ausgesetzt zu werden. Dann wird untersucht, wie groß die Füllmenge sein muß, damit beim Aufbringen einer vorgegebenen Preßkraft eine bestimmte Höhe des Preßlings reproduzierbar erreicht wird. Wird daher bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bei einer vorgegebenen Preßkraft abgeschaltet, dann kann davon ausgegangen werden, daß die vorgegebene Höhe des Preßlings erreicht worden ist. Auf diese Weise wird auch bei gewissen Füllschwankungen eine vorgegebene Dichte des Preßlings erreicht. Da Füllschwankungen des Preßlings nicht gänzlich auszuschließen sind, wird vorzugsweise so verfahren, daß bei vorhandenen Toleranzen im Zweifel ein gewisses Übermaß vorliegt, wenn bei vorgegebenem Preßkraftwert abgeschaltet wird. Bei Übermaß wird der Preßling abgearbeitet, vorzugsweise durch Schleifen, um ihn auf die vorgegebene Höhe bzw. Dicke zu bringen.The predetermined maximum value for the pressing force is determined by previous attempts. First of all, it is determined which compression the Metal powder is to receive then to be exposed to the sintering process. Then it is examined how large the filling amount must be so that when applying a predetermined pressing force a certain height of the compact is reproducibly achieved. If, therefore, switched off in the inventive method at a predetermined pressing force, then it can be assumed that the predetermined height of the compact has been achieved. In this way, a given density of the compact is achieved even with certain Füllschwankungen. Since filling fluctuations of the compact are not completely ruled out, it is preferable to proceed in such a way that given existing tolerances in case of doubt, there is a certain excess when switching off at a given pressing force value. If excessive, the compact is processed, preferably by grinding, to bring it to the predetermined height or thickness.

Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, sich den endgültigen erwünschten Preßkraftwerten auf regelnde Weise anzunähern.In this way, it is possible to approach the final desired pressing force values in an orderly manner.

Während bei bekannten Verfahren zwar auch die Preßkraft gemessen, beim Anfahren einer vorgegebenen Position, um anschließend bei Preßkraftabweichungen die Füllmenge zu verändern, erfolgt bei der Erfindung eine unmittelbare Korrektur am Preßling.While in known methods, although the pressing force measured when starting a predetermined position, and then to change the filling amount in Preßkraftabweichungen, carried out in the invention, an immediate correction of the compact.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Presse zum Verpressen von Metallpulver nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und von dem eigentlichen Preßvorgang.
Fig. 2
zeigt die Presse nach Fig. 1 während des Preßvorgangs.
Fig. 3
zeigt eine abgewandelte Presse zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens oder den Preßvorgang.
Fig. 4
zeigt die Presse nach Fig. 3 während des Preßvorgangs.
Fig. 5
zeigt ein Bewegdiagramm für die Preßstempel der Presse nach den Figuren 3 und 4.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1
shows a press for pressing metal powder according to the inventive method and the actual pressing.
Fig. 2
shows the press of FIG. 1 during the pressing process.
Fig. 3
shows a modified press for carrying out the method according to the invention or the pressing process.
Fig. 4
shows the press of FIG. 3 during the pressing operation.
Fig. 5
shows a movement diagram for the press ram of the press according to Figures 3 and 4.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist eine Matrize 10 dargestellt, deren Bohrung einen Formhohlraum 12 aufweist, welcher im Querschnitt konisch ist. Mit Hilfe eines derartigen Formhohlraums 12 kann ein Preßling erzeugt werden, der als eine Schneidplatte, beispielsweise eine Wendeschneidplatte mit Freiwinkel verwendet wird. Die Oberkante des Formhohlraums 12 von der Oberkante der Matrize 12 hat einen Abstand x. Oberhalb der Matrize 12 ist ein Oberstempel 14 und unterhalb der Matrize 10 ein Unterstempel 16 angedeutet. Die Stempel 14, 16 werden in geeigneter Weise von Hydraulikzylindern betätigt. Diese sind so steuerbar (nicht gezeigt), daß sie eine gewünschte Kraft aufbringen. Außerdem können sie in ihrer Geschwindigkeit gesteuert werden, um eine gewünschte Kraft-Zeit-Kurve zu erzeugen. Bei der Befüllung der Matrizenbohrung hat der Unterstempel 16 eine vorgegebene Füllposition. Seine Position bestimmt die Füllmenge. Vorzugsweise ist sie zu Beginn etwas niedriger als die theoretische Füllposition für die vorgegebene Menge, damit nach dem Befüllen der Unterstempel eine gewisse Strecke nach oben fahren und der nicht gezeigte Füllschuh überschüssiges Material an der Matrizenoberseite abstreifen kann. Anschließend werden Oberstempel 14 und Unterstempel 16 in die Matrizenbohrung hineingefahren, wobei der Oberstempel 14 soweit hineinfährt, daß er an der Oberseite des Formhohlraums 12 zu liegen kommt. Die Einfahrtiefe in die Matrizenbohrung entspricht mithin dem Maß x. Der Unterstempel 16 wird ebenfalls auf eine vorgegebene Position verfahren, wie sie etwa in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Hierbei findet bereits ein Verpreßvorgang statt. Anschließend wird der Unterstempel 16 weiter verfahren, bis eine vorgegebene Preßkraft erreicht worden ist. Die Preßkraft ist so bemessen, daß bei einer vorgegebenen Füllmenge die Höhe des zu formenden Preßlings (nicht gezeigt) der Sollhöhe entspricht. Ist die Sollhöhe oder Solldicke noch nicht erreicht worden, ist es nach dem Sintern erforderlich, die so geformte Platte auf das gewünschte Maß zu bearbeiten, z. B. zu schleifen. Daher ist dafür zu sorgen, daß bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren vermieden wird, daß ein Preßling mit Untermaß geformt wird.In the figures 1 and 2, a die 10 is shown, whose bore has a mold cavity 12, which is conical in cross-section. With the aid of such a mold cavity 12, a compact can be produced, which is used as an insert, for example, a clearance angle insert. The upper edge of the mold cavity 12 from the upper edge of the die 12 has a distance x. Above the die 12, an upper punch 14 and below the die 10, a lower punch 16 is indicated. The punches 14, 16 are suitably operated by hydraulic cylinders. These are so controllable (not shown) that they apply a desired force. In addition, they can be speed controlled to produce a desired force-time curve. When filling the die bore, the lower punch 16 has a predetermined filling position. Its position determines the filling quantity. Preferably, it is at the beginning slightly lower than the theoretical filling position for the predetermined amount, so after filling the lower punch a certain distance go up and the filling shoe, not shown, can strip off excess material on the upper side of the die. Subsequently, upper punch 14 and lower punch 16 are moved into the die bore, wherein the upper punch 14 so far hineinfährt that it comes to rest on the top of the mold cavity 12. The entry depth into the die bore thus corresponds to the dimension x. The lower punch 16 is also moved to a predetermined position, as shown for example in Fig. 2. Here is already one Pressing process instead. Subsequently, the lower punch 16 is moved further until a predetermined pressing force has been reached. The pressing force is such that, for a given filling quantity, the height of the compact to be formed (not shown) corresponds to the desired height. If the desired height or thickness has not yet been reached, it is necessary after sintering to edit the plate thus formed to the desired level, for. B. to grind. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid that a compact is formed with undersize in the method described.

Es wird jedoch nicht nur ein vorgegebener maximaler Preßkraft-Endwert gefahren, sondern der Unterstempel 16 wird nach einer vorgegebenen Sollkurve gefahren, nämlich für die Preßkraft über der Zeit, bis der gewünschte maximale PreßkraftWert erreicht worden ist. Auf diese Weise wird die gewünschte Reproduzierbarkeit für die Preßkraft bzw. die Dichte des Preßlings erreicht. Ein Ziel ist bekanntlich, eine reproduzierbare Dichte des Preßlings zu erreichen, damit beim Sintern reproduzierbare geometrische Abmessungen erhalten werden.However, not only a predetermined maximum pressing force end value is driven, but the lower punch 16 is driven according to a predetermined setpoint curve, namely for the pressing force over time until the desired maximum PreßkraftWert has been achieved. In this way, the desired reproducibility for the pressing force or the density of the compact is achieved. A goal is known to achieve a reproducible density of the compact so that reproducible geometric dimensions are obtained during sintering.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 und 4 unterscheidet sich von der nach den Figuren 1 und 2 nur dadurch, daß die Bohrung der Matrize zylindrisch ist. Die mit Hilfe des Verfahrens hergestellte Schneidplatte weist daher keinen Freiwinkel auf. Im übrigen wird die Ausführungsform der Figuren 3 und 4 mit gleichen Bezugszeichen wie Figur 1 versehen.The embodiment of Figs. 3 and 4 differs from that of Figures 1 and 2 only in that the bore of the die is cylindrical. The cutting plate produced by means of the method therefore has no clearance angle. Moreover, the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 are provided with the same reference numerals as Figure 1.

Man erkennt aus Fig. 4, daß die Preßkraft mit beiden Stempeln 14, 16 aufgebracht werden kann. Dies geht auch aus dem Diagramm nach Fig. 5 hervor.It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the pressing force with two punches 14, 16 can be applied. This is also apparent from the diagram of FIG.

Die Linie 20 in Fig. 5 deutet die Matrizenoberkante an. Die dick ausgezogene Kurve 22 deutet den Positionsverlauf eines Oberstempels an, und die dick ausgezogene Kurve 24 die eines Unterstempels, beispielsweise der Stempel 14, 16 nach den Figuren 3 und 4. Die dick ausgezogene Linie 26 deutet den Positionsverlauf des Füllschuhs an. Zu Beginn des Prozesses hat der Unterstempel die Position a entsprechend der Oberkante der Matrize und der Oberstempel befindet sich deutlich oberhalb der Matrizenoberkante. Der Füllschuh befindet sich über der Matrize, und der Unterstempel verfährt in eine erste Füllposition b, während derer eine Befüllung der Matrizenbohrung mit Hartmetallpulver erfolgt, wie bei 28 angedeutet. Die Befüllung ist bei c beendet. Anschließend fährt der Unterstempel etwas hoch zur Position d, welche die endgültige Füllposition darstellt, d. h. die Pulversäule in der Matrizenbohrung entspricht der vorgegebenen Füllmenge. Eventuell überschüssiges Material oberhalb der Matrizenoberkante 20 wird dann vom Füllschuh abgestreift. Der Füllschuh fährt anschließend in seine Ausgangsstellung, und der Oberstempel fährt in die Position P2, während der Unterstempel gleichzeitig wieder etwas zurückfährt, um zu verhindern, daß der Oberstempel Pulvermaterial seitlich aus der Matrizenbohrung herauspreßt. Anschließend wird der Oberstempel in die Position P3 verfahren, wobei der Unterstempel die vorher eingenommene Position noch beibehält. Nunmehr beginnt der Preßvorgang, wobei die Position P4 von Ober- und Unterstempel über einen vorgegebenen Weg, den die Stempel zurücklegen, angefahren werden kann. Mit Hilfe von geeigneten Weggebern ist es möglich, eine genau Wegsteuerung für die Stempel vorzusehen. Hierbei findet bereits eine mehr oder weniger deutliche Verdichtung des Pulvermaterials statt. Ab der Position P4 werden fortlaufend die Preßkräfte z. B. des Unterstempels gemessen, wobei sowohl Ober- als auch Unterstempel weiter aufeinander zu gefahren werden, wie dies in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist. Es wird angenommen, daß dann in der Position P5 eine vorgegebene maximale Preßkraft erreicht wird. Es ist naturgemäß auch möglich, bezüglich des Oberstempels eine vorgegebene maximale Preßkraft einzustellen. Damit hat der Preßling eine vorgegebene Höhe bzw. Dicke bei einer gewünschten Verdichtung des Materials. Von der Position P4 nach P5 wird entlang einer vorgegebenen Sollkurve zu fahren, d. h. nach einem Kraft-Zeit-Diagramm, bis der gewünschte Endwert für die maximale Preßkraft erreicht worden ist.Line 20 in Fig. 5 indicates the die top edge. The thick curve 22 indicates the position of a top punch, and the thick curve 24 that of a lower punch, for example, the punch 14, 16 after Figures 3 and 4. The thick line 26 indicates the position of the Füllschuhs. At the beginning of the process, the lower punch has the position a corresponding to the upper edge of the die and the upper punch is located clearly above the upper edge of the die. The filling shoe is located above the die, and the lower punch moves into a first filling position b, during which a filling of the die bore with hard metal powder takes place, as indicated at 28. The filling is finished at c. Subsequently, the lower punch moves slightly up to the position d, which represents the final filling position, ie the column of powder in the die bore corresponds to the predetermined filling quantity. Any excess material above the upper edge of the die 20 is then stripped off the filling shoe. The filling shoe then moves into its starting position, and the upper punch moves to the position P2, while the lower punch moves back slightly at the same time to prevent the upper punch presses powder material laterally out of the die bore. Subsequently, the upper punch is moved to the position P3, wherein the lower punch still retains the previously assumed position. Now begins the pressing process, the position P4 of top and bottom punches over a predetermined path, which cover the punch, can be approached. With the help of suitable encoders, it is possible to provide a precise path control for the stamp. In this case, there is already a more or less pronounced compaction of the powder material. From the position P4 continuously pressing forces z. B. the lower punch, both upper and lower punches continue to approach each other, as shown in Fig. 4. It is assumed that then in the position P5 a predetermined maximum pressing force is achieved. It is naturally also possible to set a predetermined maximum pressing force with respect to the upper punch. Thus, the compact has a predetermined height or thickness at a desired compression of the material. From the position P4 to P5 will go along a predetermined setpoint curve, ie after a force-time diagram until the desired final value for the maximum pressing force has been reached.

Zwischen P5 und P6 bleibt die Preßkraft aufrecht erhalten, wobei nach P6 der Oberstempel leicht angehoben wird, um eine gewisse Entspannung des Preßlings zu ermöglichen. Anschließend werden Ober- und Unterstempel gemeinsam hochgefahren, bis der Oberstempel die Oberkante der Matrize 10 erreicht hat. Nach einiger Zeit (Position P9) wird dann der Oberstempel nach oben gefahren und dem Unterstempel ermöglicht, den Preßling aus der Matrizenbohrung heraus zu bewegen. Between P5 and P6, the pressing force is maintained, after P6 the upper punch is slightly raised to allow a certain relaxation of the compact. Subsequently, upper and lower punches are raised together until the upper punch has reached the upper edge of the die 10. After some time (position P9) then the upper punch is moved up and allows the lower punch to move the compact out of the die bore.

Claims (3)

  1. A process for the manufacture of compressed articles, particularly cemented-carbide cutting blade inserts, by compacting metallic powder and subsequently sintering the compact, particularly reversible cutting blade inserts which have a seating surface and at least one cutting edge extending approximately in parallel with the seating surface and at a predetermined distance from the seating surface, by means of a press having a die-plate and a top ram and a bottom ram, wherein the rams are driven by hydraulic cylinders, comprising the steps of:
    - Charging a predetermined volume of metallic powder into the die-plate bore with the bottom ram taking a predetermined charging position in the die-plate bore and the upper ram being located above the die-plate bore,
    - Displacing the top ram to a first predetermined position and the bottom ram to a second predetermined position,
    - Further displacing the bottom ram towards the top ram while simultaneously measuring the compressive force of the bottom ram, with the shift of the bottom ram being effected along a predetermined, desired compressive force-versus-time curve,
    - Terminating the feed motion of the bottom ram when a predetermined value is reached for the compressive force.
  2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that for cutting blade inserts with no clearance angle the top ram is displaced starting from the first position along a curve desired for the compressive force until a predetermined compressive force is reached.
  3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that for cutting blade inserts with a clearance angle only the bottom ram is displaced starting from the first position up to a predetermined value of the compressive force or along a desired compressive force-versus-time curve, respectively, until the desired value of the compressive force is reached.
EP01104107A 2000-03-04 2001-02-21 Process for controlling the pressing force for metal powder compression Expired - Lifetime EP1129802B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10010671 2000-03-04
DE10010671A DE10010671C2 (en) 2000-03-04 2000-03-04 Process for producing pressed parts by pressing metal powder and then sintering the compact

Publications (4)

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EP1129802A2 EP1129802A2 (en) 2001-09-05
EP1129802A3 EP1129802A3 (en) 2004-05-06
EP1129802B1 true EP1129802B1 (en) 2007-03-14
EP1129802B2 EP1129802B2 (en) 2010-08-11

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EP (1) EP1129802B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE356681T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10010671C2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10135283C2 (en) * 2001-07-19 2003-09-18 Fette Wilhelm Gmbh Process for pressing powder material
DE10142772C2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-09-25 Fette Wilhelm Gmbh Process for the production of pressed parts in a powder press
DE102004008322B4 (en) 2004-02-20 2008-11-27 Fette Gmbh powder Press
EP2123435B1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2016-03-09 Tungaloy Corporation Compression molding method for a cutting insert
DE102010015016B4 (en) * 2009-04-24 2016-06-09 Sms Group Gmbh powder Press
JP5032690B1 (en) 2011-07-27 2012-09-26 住友電気工業株式会社 Compacted body
DE102012019312A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-03 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for controlling a ceramic and / or metal powder press or ceramic and / or metal powder press
EP3291935A4 (en) * 2015-05-07 2018-11-07 Thermal Technology, LLC Compressive sintering apparatus comprising protected opposing rams
DE102017004803A1 (en) 2017-05-18 2018-11-22 Cosateq Gmbh Method for operating a powder press with layer control and powder press for carrying out the method
DE102017119342A1 (en) 2017-08-24 2019-02-28 COSATEQ GmbH & Co. KG Method for controlling a metal or ceramic powder press with automatic trajectory generation

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US4000231A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-12-28 Hydramet American Inc. Method for compacting powders
DE2825253A1 (en) 1978-06-08 1979-12-13 Nitrochemie Gmbh HYDRAULIC POWDER PRESS
SE460460B (en) 1983-07-01 1989-10-16 Convey Teknik Ab PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR REGULATED PRESSURE OF POWDER MATERIAL
DE3715077A1 (en) 1987-05-06 1988-12-01 Netzsch Maschinenfabrik Method for controlling a press
JP2519498B2 (en) 1988-01-16 1996-07-31 ファナック株式会社 Electric powder molding machine
DE3919821C2 (en) * 1989-06-15 1994-04-07 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for producing dimensionally stable compacts
DE4209767C1 (en) * 1992-03-23 1993-05-06 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
US5547360A (en) * 1994-03-17 1996-08-20 Tamagawa Machinery Co., Ltd. Powder molding press
DE19717217C2 (en) * 1997-04-24 1999-12-02 Fette Wilhelm Gmbh Method and device for producing compacts from hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10010671A1 (en) 2001-09-13
ATE356681T1 (en) 2007-04-15
US6562291B2 (en) 2003-05-13
US20010022944A1 (en) 2001-09-20
EP1129802A3 (en) 2004-05-06
DE50112176D1 (en) 2007-04-26
EP1129802B2 (en) 2010-08-11
EP1129802A2 (en) 2001-09-05
DE10010671C2 (en) 2002-03-14

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