EP1128764A1 - Electrode compatible avec un systeme irmf et techniques de placement d'electrodes - Google Patents

Electrode compatible avec un systeme irmf et techniques de placement d'electrodes

Info

Publication number
EP1128764A1
EP1128764A1 EP99958852A EP99958852A EP1128764A1 EP 1128764 A1 EP1128764 A1 EP 1128764A1 EP 99958852 A EP99958852 A EP 99958852A EP 99958852 A EP99958852 A EP 99958852A EP 1128764 A1 EP1128764 A1 EP 1128764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode assembly
electrodes
signals
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99958852A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1128764A4 (fr
Inventor
Donald R. Durousseau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compumedics Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1128764A1 publication Critical patent/EP1128764A1/fr
Publication of EP1128764A4 publication Critical patent/EP1128764A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to medical devices and more specifically to techniques for acquiring uncontaminated electrical signals from the brain and body, without the use of pre-amplification electronics, especially while located within the harsh operating environment produced by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) system.
  • fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • EEG, EOG, ECG, EMG, and other physiological signals are typically recorded using individually placed electrodes that are fixed on the scalp and body with adhesives or by the use of a cap type system. Examples of these techniques are those developed by Sams et al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,085,739) or Gevins et al (U.S. Pat. No's 4,967,038 and 5,038,782).
  • the electrodes are attached to amplifiers used to acquire and record the related electrical and physiological activity.
  • These amplifier systems require a very low impedance contact with the skin and are very susceptible to emissions from other electrical equipment, such as an MRI device.
  • EMI electro-magnetic interference
  • the problems of the prior art, described above, are solved, in accordance with the present invention, by providing an EEG Electrode Positioning System using an elastic head cap (hereinafter Quik-Cap), to position electrodes on the head and face to acquire electrical signals and communicate them to external amplifier equipment.
  • the Quik-Cap provides a stretchable elastic cap and chinstrap portion capable of comfortably fitting a wide range of head size and shape variability.
  • the Quik-Cap provides a plurality of electrode holders designed to be filled with a conductive electrolyte.
  • the Quik-Cap provides a wire harness assembly that can be configured with either carbon or metal lead wires and is capable of interfacing with any type of commercially available amplifier system.
  • the present invention provides a low cost system for rapidly applying large numbers of electrodes on the head and body that is capable of acquiring signals inside an fMRI system and communicating them outside the shielded environment without the use of any electronic amplification.
  • Another object of the present invention to use metal electrodes composed of Tin, Gold, Silver-Chlorided Silver, or a combination or amalgam of Silver-Chloride powders, each carried in soft rubber electrode mounts and connected to carbon lead wires to limit the susceptibility of the system to physiological and electronically induced contamination.
  • a single electrode, or group of electrodes may also be used to acquire signals from the eyes, heart or muscles, by providing a mechanism to position electrodes in the appropriate regions of the scalp, face, chest or body.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to permit a single lead wire, or group of lead wires, to be used to connect to and communicate signals from external transducer devices used to measure signals related to oxygen uptake, respiration, heart rate, impedance, motion, acceleration, force or other such signals.
  • Yet another feature of the present invention is to provide separable elastic cap, chinstrap, and wire harness portions to position electrode holders and electrodes on the head, face and body to acquire EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and other physiologically correlated signals from humans while inside a magnetic resonance imaging system.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the elastic cap and chinstrap portion of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention showing electrode holders and lead wire harness assembly in which individual lead wires are attached to electrodes (not shown) carried within the electrode holders.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional side view of the electrode holder of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2B is a top plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 2C is a side plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 2D is a top-down view of a rubber O-ring used to attach the electrode holder to the elastic cap portion of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 A is a cross-sectional side view along line A - A of FIG. 3B of an exemplary electrode carried within the electrode holder of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 3B is a top plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 A.
  • FIG. 3C is a side plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 A.
  • FIG. 4A is a perspective top view of an alternative embodiment of a cup shaped electrode carried in an exemplary electrode holder of FIG 2A.
  • FIG. 4B is a perspective bottom view of an alternative embodiment using a cup shaped electrode carried in the electrode holder of FIG 2 A.
  • FIG. 4C is a top-down view of the embodiment of the electrode of
  • FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 4D is a side view of the embodiment of the electrode of FIG. 4 A.
  • FIG. 4E is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a conductive plastic electrode embodiment carried in the electrode holder of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 4F is a top plan view of the embodiment of the electrode in FIG. 4E.
  • FIG.5A is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a conductive plastic electrode embodiment carried in the electrode holder of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional side view along line B - B of the embodiment of the conductive plastic electrode of FIG. 5 A.
  • FIG.5C is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a carbon electrode embodiment carried in the electrode holder of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 5D is a cross-sectional side view along line C - C of the embodiment of the carbon electrode of FIG. 5C.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a cortical depth electrode embodiment used with the carbon lead wire harness of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a cortical surface grid electrode embodiment used with the carbon lead wire harness of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a cortical surface strip electrode embodiment used with the carbon lead wire harness of the present invention.
  • the fMRI-compatible electrode placement system of the present invention includes an elastic fabric cap portion 10 and chinstrap portion 11, both composed preferably of a combined Lycra-SpandexTM material such as Style #: 96175 Black-09000, manufactured by Liberty Fabrics, 13441 Liberty Lane, Gordonsville, NA). Attached to the elastic cap portion 10, is a plurality of electrode holders 20a-n.
  • the designation "n" means that the number depends on the number of electrodes desired. In typical usage, for example, n may be in the range from 1 to 1024.
  • a plurality of lead wires 13 of the present invention form a harness assembly 14.
  • the lead wires may be constructed of any non-ferromagnetic conductive material, but are preferably made of carbon.
  • the lead wires may be wrapped in groups with flexible wrapping material (not shown), and extend from the electrodes (not shown) carried within the electrode holders 20a-n away from the head, terminating in a connector, such as a CHG-Series 40 pin connector (not shown) manufactured by 3M, Inc.
  • the flexible wrapping (not shown) is used to ensure the wires will not be allowed to coil while inside the MRI environment in order to prevent induced heating of the lead wire material.
  • the electrode holder 20 is preferably constructed from a single piece of molded medical grade EPDM rubber, such as compound L-5099.
  • the electrode holder 20, provides a central hole portion 21, which allows access to the central well portion 22, and which passes down to the scalp surface. Electrolyte is injected through the central hole 21 to fill the central well portion 22 creating a bridge to conduct the electrical signal from the skin surface to the electrode (not shown), which rests on the ridge portion 23 located within the central well portion 22 of the electrode holder 20.
  • a hole 24 exists where a lead wire attachment portion of the electrode (not shown) extends from the electrode holder.
  • the electrode 30 of the present invention has a flat disk portion 31 with a central hole 32.
  • the electrode 30 also includes a lead wire attachment portion 33, which extends outward from the flat disk portion 31 and provides a pathway 34. Such a pathway may be created by drilling or by other mechanisms.
  • the drilled pathway 34 provides an opening in which the lead wire 13 passes and is attached to the electrode 30 by crimping the attachment portion 33 onto the lead wire 13.
  • an O ring is slipped over the lead wire 13.
  • the electrode 30 is inserted into the central well portion 22 of the electrode holder 20 and rests on the ridge portion 23 to ensure correct placement.
  • the electrode holder is inserted through a button hole or other opening in the elastic fabric cap and secured by positioning one or more O- rings over the fabric.
  • the lead wire 13 is placed into the pathway 34 and the attachment portion 33 is crimped onto the lead wire.
  • FIGS. 4A - 4F An alternative embodiment of the preferred electrode of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4A - 4F, where typical cup shaped electrodes 40 may be composed of metal (such as those manufactured by Specialized Laboratory Equipment, 232 Selsdon Rd.
  • Electrode 41 such as those manufactured by Plastics One, 6591 Merriman Rd., S.W., Roanoke, VA, PN: 36562.
  • a central hole 43 exists to allow injection of electrolyte down to the skin surface.
  • a well portion 44 is provided to hold electrolyte in contact with the electrode surface.
  • a central hole 45 exists to allow injection of electrolyte down to the skin surface.
  • a well portion 46 is provided to hold electrolyte in contact with the electrode surface. Both types of electrodes 40 and 41, may be readily carried within the electrode holder 20 of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5A - 5D An alternative embodiment of the preferred electrode of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 5A - 5D, where conductive plastic electrodes 50 (such as those manufactured by Select Engineering Inc., 260 Lunenburg St., Fitchburg, MA, PN: SRT-3001/LP/0.06) and carbon electrodes 51 (such as those manufactured by Select Engineering Inc., 260 Lunenburg St., Fitchburg, MA, PN: SRT-2001/CF/40) are shown.
  • conductive plastic electrodes 50 such as those manufactured by Select Engineering Inc., 260 Lunenburg St., Fitchburg, MA, PN: SRT-2001/CF/40
  • carbon electrodes 51 such as those manufactured by Select Engineering Inc., 260 Lunenburg St., Fitchburg, MA, PN: SRT-2001/CF/40
  • a lead wire attachment means 52 exists, which provides a surface where conductive epoxy (such as EPO-TEK E2101) is used to attach the carbon lead wire 13 to the conductive plastic electrode 50.
  • conductive epoxy such as EPO-TEK E2101
  • a well portion 53 exists to hold electrolyte in contact with the electrode surface.
  • the lead wire 13 is attached to the carbon electrode 51 by use of conductive epoxy at the electrode attachment point 54.
  • Both the conductive plastic electrode 50 and carbon electrode 51 may be carried within electrode holder 20 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of the preferred electrode of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, where an implantible depth electrode assembly 60 (such as those manufactured by AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., 1901 William St., Racine, WI, PN: SP-10P) is used.
  • the depth electrode assembly 60 of the present embodiment positions 10 discreet electrodes 61a-j in which each acquires signals from a different region of the brain.
  • the depth electrode assembly 60 can be placed into the cortex of a patient to collect electrical signals from multiple deep regions of the brain simultaneously.
  • the depth electrode assembly 60 would not be carried in the electrode holder 13 of the present invention but rather the lead wire harness assembly 14 directly interfaces to the depth electrode assembly Connection System 62.
  • FIG. 7 An alternative embodiment of the preferred electrode of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7, where a subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 70 (such as those manufactured by AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., 1901 William St., Racine, WI, PN: T-WS-20) is used.
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 70 of the present embodiment positions 20 discreet electrodes 71a-t in a grid pattern in which each acquires signals from a different region of the brain.
  • other subdural cortical surface electrode assemblies exist that provide different numbers of electrodes. Grids with up to 128 discreet electrodes (not shown) are readily available commercially, but other numbers of electrodes may be used.
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 70 can be placed on the cortex of a patient to collect electrical signals from multiple regions of the brain underlying the grid pattern formed by the electrodes of the assembly.
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 70 would not be carried in the electrode holder 13 of the present but rather the lead wire harness assembly 14 would be directly connected to the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly Connection System 72.
  • FIG. 8 An alternative embodiment of the preferred electrode of the present invention is shown in FIG. 8, where a subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 80 (such as that manufactured by AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., 1901 William St., Racine, WI, PN: T-WS-8) is used.
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 80 of the present embodiment positions 8 discreet electrodes 81a-h in a strip pattern in which each acquires signals from a different region of the brain.
  • other subdural cortical surface electrode assemblies are readily available commercially that provide from 1 up to 128 discreet electrodes (not shown).
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 80 can be placed on the cortex of a patient to collect electrical signals from multiple regions of the brain underlying the strip pattern formed by the electrodes of the assembly.
  • the subdural cortical surface electrode assembly 80 would not be carried in the electrode holder 13 of the present invention but would be directly connected to the lead wire harness assembly 14 through the assembly Connection System 82.
  • each electrode holder is filled with conductive electrolyte. Slight abrasion of the skin may be required during placement to reduce the impedance at the skin electrolyte interface to acceptable levels as determined by the input characteristics of the amplifier system to which the Quik-Cap assembly is attached.
  • the problems associated with collection of patient data in the environment of an MRI can be overcome.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un système d'acquisition d'ondes cérébrales, un système de placement d'électrodes comprend un casque élastique étirable (10), des supports pour électrodes (20a) en caoutchouc souple, et des électrodes d'enregistrement conductrices (en nombre indéterminé). Les électrodes sont fabriquées à base de matériaux comme le métal, le plastique, ou le carbone, des fils de connexion conducteurs (13) étant quant à eux fabriqués à base de matériaux comme le métal ou des corps conducteurs carbonés. Aucune matière ferromagnétique n'est utilisée dans la construction de ce système, lequel ne peut donc provoquer une quelconque contamination des données obtenues par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM).
EP99958852A 1998-11-10 1999-11-10 Electrode compatible avec un systeme irmf et techniques de placement d'electrodes Ceased EP1128764A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10791898P 1998-11-10 1998-11-10
US107918P 1998-11-10
PCT/US1999/026459 WO2000027279A1 (fr) 1998-11-10 1999-11-10 Electrode compatible avec un systeme irmf et techniques de placement d'electrodes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1128764A1 true EP1128764A1 (fr) 2001-09-05
EP1128764A4 EP1128764A4 (fr) 2003-06-04

Family

ID=22319159

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99958852A Ceased EP1128764A4 (fr) 1998-11-10 1999-11-10 Electrode compatible avec un systeme irmf et techniques de placement d'electrodes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1128764A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP4805456B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU1613400A (fr)
CA (1) CA2354549C (fr)
WO (1) WO2000027279A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8543207B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2013-09-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. MRI operation modes for implantable medical devices
US8554335B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2013-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus for disconnecting the tip electrode during MRI
US8565874B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2013-10-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with automatic tachycardia detection and control in MRI environments
US8897875B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2014-11-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Selectively connecting the tip electrode during therapy for MRI shielding
US8977356B2 (en) 2009-02-19 2015-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for providing arrhythmia therapy in MRI environments
US9561378B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2017-02-07 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device responsive to MRI induced capture threshold changes

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GB2370776B (en) * 2000-09-13 2004-10-13 Neoventa Medical Ab Fetal scalp electrode
EP1273922B1 (fr) * 2001-07-06 2007-05-23 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Appareil et procédé de mesure de courant
FI119172B (fi) 2003-11-18 2008-08-29 Nexstim Oy Elektrodirakenne sähköisten vasteiden mittaamiseksi ihmiskehosta
US7844344B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2010-11-30 Medtronic, Inc. MRI-safe implantable lead
US8989840B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2015-03-24 Medtronic, Inc. Lead electrode for use in an MRI-safe implantable medical device
US9155877B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2015-10-13 Medtronic, Inc. Lead electrode for use in an MRI-safe implantable medical device
US8280526B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2012-10-02 Medtronic, Inc. Extensible implantable medical lead
US8825180B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2014-09-02 Medtronic, Inc. Medical electrical lead with co-radial multi-conductor coil
US10537730B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2020-01-21 Medtronic, Inc. Continuous conductive materials for electromagnetic shielding
US9044593B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2015-06-02 Medtronic, Inc. Discontinuous conductive filler polymer-matrix composites for electromagnetic shielding
US8483842B2 (en) 2007-04-25 2013-07-09 Medtronic, Inc. Lead or lead extension having a conductive body and conductive body contact
US8311637B2 (en) 2008-02-11 2012-11-13 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Magnetic core flux canceling of ferrites in MRI
US8160717B2 (en) 2008-02-19 2012-04-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Model reference identification and cancellation of magnetically-induced voltages in a gradient magnetic field
US9037263B2 (en) 2008-03-12 2015-05-19 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for implantable medical device lead shielding
US20110208084A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-25 Fernando Seoane Martinez Method and apparatus for brain damage detection
JP5306886B2 (ja) * 2009-04-14 2013-10-02 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 生体電気信号測定用センサ及びその製造方法
EP2821097B1 (fr) 2009-04-30 2017-10-04 Medtronic Inc. Terminaison d'un blindage dans un fil médical implantable
WO2011132756A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 国立大学法人東北大学 Unité d'électrodes pour encéphalogramme destinée à des petits animaux et son emploi dans un système de mesure
US9463317B2 (en) 2012-04-19 2016-10-11 Medtronic, Inc. Paired medical lead bodies with braided conductive shields having different physical parameter values
CN102727194B (zh) * 2012-05-04 2014-01-22 燕山大学 一种脑电电极空间定位***和定位方法
US9993638B2 (en) 2013-12-14 2018-06-12 Medtronic, Inc. Devices, systems and methods to reduce coupling of a shield and a conductor within an implantable medical lead
JPWO2015170662A1 (ja) * 2014-05-09 2017-04-20 アルプス電気株式会社 人体特性検出装置及び眼鏡型電子機器
EP3171931B1 (fr) 2014-07-23 2021-11-10 Medtronic, Inc. Procédés de protection de dérivations médicales implantables et d'extension de dérivation médicale implantable
US10155111B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2018-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of shielding implantable medical leads and implantable medical lead extensions
CN107495964A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-22 西安富德医疗电子有限公司 医用一次性螺旋针电极
KR102124430B1 (ko) * 2018-07-16 2020-06-18 고려대학교 산학협력단 Bmi용 eeg 최소 전극 선택 방법 및 상기 방법을 수행하기 위한 저장 매체

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8543207B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2013-09-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. MRI operation modes for implantable medical devices
US8886317B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2014-11-11 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. MRI operation modes for implantable medical devices
US8554335B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2013-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus for disconnecting the tip electrode during MRI
US8897875B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2014-11-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Selectively connecting the tip electrode during therapy for MRI shielding
US9561378B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2017-02-07 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device responsive to MRI induced capture threshold changes
US8977356B2 (en) 2009-02-19 2015-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for providing arrhythmia therapy in MRI environments
US8565874B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2013-10-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with automatic tachycardia detection and control in MRI environments
US9381371B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2016-07-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with automatic tachycardia detection and control in MRI environments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1128764A4 (fr) 2003-06-04
CA2354549C (fr) 2013-01-08
CA2354549A1 (fr) 2000-05-18
JP2002529132A (ja) 2002-09-10
JP4805456B2 (ja) 2011-11-02
AU1613400A (en) 2000-05-29
WO2000027279A1 (fr) 2000-05-18

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