EP1125047B1 - Fuel injection device - Google Patents

Fuel injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1125047B1
EP1125047B1 EP00967523A EP00967523A EP1125047B1 EP 1125047 B1 EP1125047 B1 EP 1125047B1 EP 00967523 A EP00967523 A EP 00967523A EP 00967523 A EP00967523 A EP 00967523A EP 1125047 B1 EP1125047 B1 EP 1125047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
injection
pump
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00967523A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1125047A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Mahr
Martin Kropp
Hans-Christoph Magel
Wolfgang Otterbach
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1125047A1 publication Critical patent/EP1125047A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/023—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0007—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/40—Fuel-injection apparatus with fuel accumulators, e.g. a fuel injector having an integrated fuel accumulator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the fuel injection device according to the invention may be formed both stroke-controlled and pressure-controlled.
  • a stroke-controlled fuel injection device that the opening and closing of the Einspritzöffriung by means of a sliding valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the fuel pressures in a nozzle chamber and in a Control room is done.
  • a pressure reduction within the control chamber causes a stroke of the valve member.
  • the deflection of the valve member by an actuator (actuator, actuator) take place.
  • a pressure-controlled fuel injection device In a pressure-controlled fuel injection device according to the invention, the pressure prevailing in the nozzle chamber of an injector fuel pressure, the valve member against the action of a closing force (spring) is moved so that the injection port for injection of the fuel from the nozzle chamber is released into the cylinder.
  • injection pressure The pressure at which fuel exits the die space into a cylinder
  • system pressure is understood to mean the pressure below which fuel is available within the fuel injector.
  • Fuel metering means to supply fuel to the nozzle space by means of a metering valve. In a combined fuel metering, a common valve is used to meter different injection pressures.
  • the injection pump and the injector form one unit.
  • Per cylinder such a unit is installed in the cylinder head and driven either directly via a plunger or indirectly via rocker arm of the engine camshaft.
  • the pump-line-nozzle-system (PLD) works according to the same procedure.
  • a high-pressure line leads here to the nozzle chamber or nozzle holder.
  • a pump-nozzle unit is known for example from DE 195 175 78 A1.
  • the system pressure is generated via a pressurizable piston whose movement is controlled by a cam drive.
  • a variable fuel injection of different amounts for pre-, main- and post-injection is limited feasible by such a fuel injection device.
  • US 5 517 972 A discloses a fuel injector having an injector having a fuel pumping chamber.
  • a rate shaping valve assembly is provided.
  • An electromagnetic limiting valve has the ability to switch between a limited state and a first mass flow area and a second state with a second and much larger Ma senstromungsquerites.
  • a fuel injection device For realizing the fuel injection by means of a pump-nozzle unit or a pump-line-nozzle unit over a wide speed range with great accuracy, a fuel injection device according to claim 1 is proposed according to the invention. Further developments according to the invention are contained in claims 2 to 4. It is possible to reduce the pollutant exchange and a more flexible pre-injection and optionally a post-injection by means of a pump-nozzle unit or a pump-line-nozzle system. When using a valve with a cross-sectional control, for example by a piezoelectric actuator for metering the fuel, an improved metering of the injected fuel quantity can be achieved. It creates a good minimum quantity capability in the pre-injection. On the training of the Injection course in the main injection can be specifically influenced.
  • Each pump-nozzle unit or pump-line-nozzle unit may include a pressure storage space which can be decoupled from the unit and is filled with fuel during the delivery stroke of the pressure device.
  • a control of the injection pressure can be carried out relatively independently of the rotational speed of the engine.
  • the time between the control of the pressure build-up and the injection can be freely selected within wide ranges. The time of the beginning of the pressure build-up determines the pressure level reached.
  • a stroke-controlled fuel injection device 1 promotes a feed pump 2 fuel 3 from a storage tank 4 via a feed line 5 to several, the number of individual cylinders corresponding, projecting into the combustion chamber of the engine to be supplied pump-nozzle units 6 (injector). In the figure, only one of the pump-nozzle units 6 is located.
  • Each pump-nozzle unit 6 is composed of a fuel compression device 7 and means for injection. Per engine cylinder, a pump-nozzle unit 6 is installed in a cylinder head.
  • the printing device 7 is driven either directly via a plunger or indirectly via rocker arm of a motor camshaft. Electronic control devices make it possible to influence the quantity of injected fuel (injection path) in a targeted manner.
  • the fuel compression device 7 can compress fuel in a compression space 8.
  • Check valves 9 and 10 and a 2/2-way valve 11 prevent the return of fuel in the direction of the feed pump 2 in the low pressure region.
  • the fuel compression device 7 may be part of a per se known pump-nozzle unit (PDE) or a pump-line-nozzle unit (PLD).
  • PDE pump-nozzle unit
  • PLD pump-line-nozzle unit
  • the fuel compression device 7 serves to generate an injection pressure. The pressure build-up is realized by means of the 2/2-way valve 11.
  • the pressure storage chamber 12 can be filled with fuel and be decoupled via the check valves 9 and 10 from the area of pressure generation.
  • the injection takes place via a fuel metering with the aid of a piston-shaped valve member 13 axially displaceable in a guide bore with a conical valve sealing surface 14 at one end, with which it interacts with a valve seat surface on the injector housing of the injector unit 6.
  • a nozzle chamber 15 On the valve seat surface of the injector housing injection openings are provided.
  • a pressure opening pointing in the opening direction of the valve member 13 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, which pressure is supplied to the nozzle chamber 15 via a pressure line 17.
  • Coaxially to a compression spring 18 furthermore engages the valve member 13, a plunger 19, which limits the control chamber 16 with its end face 20 facing away from the valve sealing surface 14.
  • the control chamber 16 has an inlet from the fuel pressure port with a throttle 21 and a drain to a pressure relief line 22 which is controlled by a valve unit 24.
  • the nozzle chamber 15 continues over an annular gap between the valve member 13 and the guide bore up to the valve seat surface of the injector housing.
  • the plunger 19 is pressurized in the closing direction.
  • the valve unit 24 is actuated by an electromagnet or piezoelectric actuator for opening or closing or switching.
  • the actuator is controlled by a control unit that can monitor and process various operating parameters (engine speed,%) Of the internal combustion engine to be supplied.
  • the end of the injection is initiated by re-pressing (closing) the valve unit 24, which decouples the control chamber 16 again a leakage line 25, so that in the control chamber 16 again builds up a pressure which can move the valve member 13 in the closing direction.
  • the pressure drop during the main injection is compensated for by the fact that the fuel compression device 7 continues to fill the pressure storage space 12.
  • the size of the pressure storage chamber 12 is preferably selected so that the pre- and post-injection can be carried out by taking place from the pressure accumulator space 12 .Förd réelle of fuel.
  • the compression space 8 of the fuel compression device 7 can be refilled regardless of the range of fuel injection.
  • the pressure build-up in the area of the fuel metering is determined by actuation of the 2/2-way valve 11.
  • a pressure limiting valve (not shown in the exemplary embodiment) can be used in the region of the pressure storage space.
  • the first embodiment of a fuel injector 1 and the second embodiment of a fuel injector 31 shown in FIG. 2 have in common that an advantageous unit injector unit 6 or 36 is connected to a local pressure accumulator space and a cross-sectional control of the fuel metering valve unit.
  • the local accumulator chamber 12 or 32 is used to store the pressure in order to allow a flexible injection timing for a pre- or post-injection outside the cam lift of the pump-nozzle unit 6 and 36, respectively.
  • the accumulator chamber 12 or 32 allows the control of the injection pressure regardless of the speed of the internal combustion engine. This is done by controlling the time between the control of the pressure build-up and the control of the injection. The time for filling the accumulator chamber 12 or 32 determines the pressure level reached.
  • separate valve units are used to build up the injection pressure and control the injection.
  • the injection is pressure-controlled by means of a valve unit 34.
  • valve cross-section By throttling the valve cross-section within the valve unit 34, a variable injection pressure during injection and thus shaping of the injection profile can be achieved by a cross-sectional control, wherein the pressure in the nozzle chamber 37 is influenced.
  • a cross-sectional control both piezoactuators and fast magnetic actuators are conceivable.
  • multi-stage valves instead of a continuous shaping of the injection pressure, a plurality of different injection pressure levels can be generated during the injection by different throttle positions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Zum besseren Verständnis der Beschreibung und der Patentansprüche werden nachfolgend einige Begriffe erläutert: Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung kann sowohl hubgesteuert als auch druckgesteuert ausgebildet sein. Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird unter einer hubgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung verstanden, daß das Öffnen und Schließen der Einspritzöffriung mit Hilfe eines verschieblichen Ventilglieds aufgrund des hydraulischen Zusammenwirkens der Kraftstoffdrücke in einem Düsenraum und in einem Steuerraum erfolgt. Eine Druckabsenkung innerhalb des Steuerraums bewirkt einen Hub des Ventilglieds. Alternativ kann das Auslenken des Ventilglieds durch ein Stellglied (Aktor, Aktuator) erfolgen. Bei einer druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung wird durch den im Düsenraum eines Injektors herrschenden Kraftstoffdruck das Ventilglied gegen die Wirkung einer Schließkraft (Feder) bewegt, so daß die Einspritzöffnung für eine Einspritzung des Kraftstoffs aus dem Düsenraum in den Zylinder freigegeben wird. Der Druck, mit dem Kraftstoff aus dem Düsenraum in einen Zylinder austritt, wird als Einspritzdruck bezeichnet, während unter einem Systemdruck der Druck verstanden wird, unter dem Kraftstoff innerhalb der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung zur Verfügung steht bzw. bevorratet ist. Kraftstoffzumessung bedeutet, dem Düsenraum Kraftstoff mittels eines Zumeßventils zuzuleiten. Bei einer kombinierten Kraftstoffzumessung wird ein gemeinsames Ventil genutzt, um verschiedene Einspritzdrücke zuzumessen. Bei der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit (PDE) bilden die Einspritzpumpe und der Injektor eine Einheit. Pro Zylinder wird eine derartige Einheit in den Zylinderkopf eingebaut und entweder direkt über einen Stößel oder indirekt über Kipphebel von der Motornockenwelle angetrieben. Das Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-System (PLD) arbeitet nach dem gleichen Verfahren. Eine Hochdruckleitung führt hier zum Düsenraum oder Düsenhalter.For a better understanding of the description and the claims, some terms are explained below: The fuel injection device according to the invention may be formed both stroke-controlled and pressure-controlled. In the context of the invention is meant by a stroke-controlled fuel injection device that the opening and closing of the Einspritzöffriung by means of a sliding valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the fuel pressures in a nozzle chamber and in a Control room is done. A pressure reduction within the control chamber causes a stroke of the valve member. Alternatively, the deflection of the valve member by an actuator (actuator, actuator) take place. In a pressure-controlled fuel injection device according to the invention, the pressure prevailing in the nozzle chamber of an injector fuel pressure, the valve member against the action of a closing force (spring) is moved so that the injection port for injection of the fuel from the nozzle chamber is released into the cylinder. The pressure at which fuel exits the die space into a cylinder is referred to as injection pressure, while system pressure is understood to mean the pressure below which fuel is available within the fuel injector. Fuel metering means to supply fuel to the nozzle space by means of a metering valve. In a combined fuel metering, a common valve is used to meter different injection pressures. In the unit injector unit (PDE), the injection pump and the injector form one unit. Per cylinder such a unit is installed in the cylinder head and driven either directly via a plunger or indirectly via rocker arm of the engine camshaft. The pump-line-nozzle-system (PLD) works according to the same procedure. A high-pressure line leads here to the nozzle chamber or nozzle holder.

Eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit ist beispielsweise aus der DE 195 175 78 A1 bekannt. Bei dieser Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung wird der Systemdruck über einen druckbeaufschlagbaren Kolben erzeugt, dessen Bewegung durch einen Nockenantrieb gesteuert wird. Eine variable Kraftstoffeinspritzung unterschiedlicher Mengen zur Vor-, Haupt- und Nacheinspritzung ist durch eine derartige Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nur begrenzt durchführbar.A pump-nozzle unit is known for example from DE 195 175 78 A1. In this fuel injector, the system pressure is generated via a pressurizable piston whose movement is controlled by a cam drive. A variable fuel injection of different amounts for pre-, main- and post-injection is limited feasible by such a fuel injection device.

Die US 5 517 972 A offenbart eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit einer Einspritzdüse, welche eine Brennstoffpumpkammer aufweist. Zur Ausbildung verschiedener Einspritzdrücke ist eine Ratenformungsventilanordnung vorgesehen. Ein elektromagnetisches Begrenzungsventil besitzt die Fähigkeit, zwischen einem begrenzten Zustand und einem ersten Massenströmungsquerschnitt und einem zweiten Zustand mit einem zweiten und wesentlich größeren Ma senströmungsquerschnitt umzuschalten.US 5 517 972 A discloses a fuel injector having an injector having a fuel pumping chamber. To form various injection pressures, a rate shaping valve assembly is provided. An electromagnetic limiting valve has the ability to switch between a limited state and a first mass flow area and a second state with a second and much larger Ma senstromungsquerschnitt.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Zur Realisierung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit Hilfe einer Pumpe-Düse-Einheit oder einer Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-Einheit über einen weiten Drehzahlbereich mit großer Genauigkeit wird erfindungsgemäß eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 vorgeschlagen. Erfindungsgemäße.Weiterbildungen sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 4 enthalten. Es wird eine Reduzierung des Schadstoffaustausches und eine flexiblere Voreinspritzung und ggf. eine Nacheinspritzung mittels einer Pumpe-Düse-Einheit oder eines Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-Systems ermöglicht. Bei Verwendung eines Ventils mit einer Querschnittssteuerung z.B. durch einen Piezoaktor zur Kraftstoffzumessung kann eine verbesserte Dosierung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge erreicht werden. Es entsteht eine gute Kleinstmengenfähigkeit bei der Voreinspritzung. Auf die Ausbildung des Einspritzverlaufs bei der Haupteinspritzung kann gezielt Einfluß genommen werden. Jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit oder Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-Einheit kann einen Druckspeicherraum enthalten, der von der Einheit abkoppelbar ist und während des Förderhubs der Druckeinrichtung mit Kraftstoff befüllt wird. Mittels des Druckspeicherraums kann eine Steuerung des Einspritzdrucks relativ unabhängig von der Drehzahl des Motors durchgeführt werden. Die Zeit zwischen der Ansteuerung des Druckaufbaus und der Einspritzung kann in weiten Bereichen frei gewählt werden. Die Zeit des Beginns des Druckaufbaus bestimmt dabei das erreichte Druckniveau.For realizing the fuel injection by means of a pump-nozzle unit or a pump-line-nozzle unit over a wide speed range with great accuracy, a fuel injection device according to claim 1 is proposed according to the invention. Further developments according to the invention are contained in claims 2 to 4. It is possible to reduce the pollutant exchange and a more flexible pre-injection and optionally a post-injection by means of a pump-nozzle unit or a pump-line-nozzle system. When using a valve with a cross-sectional control, for example by a piezoelectric actuator for metering the fuel, an improved metering of the injected fuel quantity can be achieved. It creates a good minimum quantity capability in the pre-injection. On the training of the Injection course in the main injection can be specifically influenced. Each pump-nozzle unit or pump-line-nozzle unit may include a pressure storage space which can be decoupled from the unit and is filled with fuel during the delivery stroke of the pressure device. By means of the pressure accumulator space, a control of the injection pressure can be carried out relatively independently of the rotational speed of the engine. The time between the control of the pressure build-up and the injection can be freely selected within wide ranges. The time of the beginning of the pressure build-up determines the pressure level reached.

Zeichnungdrawing

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung sind in der schematischen Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine hubgesteuerte Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine druckgesteuerte Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung.
Two embodiments of the fuel injection device according to the invention are illustrated in the schematic drawing and are explained in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a stroke-controlled fuel injection device;
Fig. 2
a pressure controlled fuel injector.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeisipieleDescription of the exemplary embodiments

Bei dem in der Fig. 1 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer hubgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 1 fördert eine Vorförderpumpe 2 Kraftstoff 3 aus einem Vorratstank 4 über eine Förderleitung 5 zu mehreren, der Anzahl einzelner Zylinder entsprechenden, in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ragenden Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 6 (Einspritzvorrichtung). In der Figur ist lediglich eine der Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 6 eingezeichnet.In the illustrated in Fig. 1 the first embodiment of a stroke-controlled fuel injection device 1 promotes a feed pump 2 fuel 3 from a storage tank 4 via a feed line 5 to several, the number of individual cylinders corresponding, projecting into the combustion chamber of the engine to be supplied pump-nozzle units 6 (injector). In the figure, only one of the pump-nozzle units 6 is located.

Jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 6 setzt sich aus einer Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 und Mitteln zum Einspritzen zusammen. Pro Motorzylinder wird eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 6 in einen Zylinderkopf eingebaut. Die Druckeinrichtung 7 wird entweder direkt über einen Stößel oder indirekt über Kipphebel von einer Motomockenwelle angetrieben. Elektronische Regeleinrichtungen gestatten es, die Menge eingespritzten Kraftstoffs (Einspritzveriauf) gezielt zu beeinflussen.Each pump-nozzle unit 6 is composed of a fuel compression device 7 and means for injection. Per engine cylinder, a pump-nozzle unit 6 is installed in a cylinder head. The printing device 7 is driven either directly via a plunger or indirectly via rocker arm of a motor camshaft. Electronic control devices make it possible to influence the quantity of injected fuel (injection path) in a targeted manner.

Die Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 kann Kraftstoff in einem Kompressionsraum 8 verdichten. Rückschlagventile 9 und 10 und ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil 11 verhindern den Rückfluß von Kraftstoff in Richtung der Förderpumpe 2 in den Niederdruckbereich. Die Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 kann Teil einer an sich bekannten Pumpe-Düse-Einheit (PDE) oder einer Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-Einheit (PLD) sein. Die Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 dient der Erzeugung eines Einspritzdrucks. Der Druckaufbau wird mit Hilfe des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 11 realisiert.The fuel compression device 7 can compress fuel in a compression space 8. Check valves 9 and 10 and a 2/2-way valve 11 prevent the return of fuel in the direction of the feed pump 2 in the low pressure region. The fuel compression device 7 may be part of a per se known pump-nozzle unit (PDE) or a pump-line-nozzle unit (PLD). The fuel compression device 7 serves to generate an injection pressure. The pressure build-up is realized by means of the 2/2-way valve 11.

Während des Förderhubs der Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 kann der Druckspeicherraum 12 mit Kraftstoff befüllt werden und über die Rückschlagventile 9 und 10 vom Bereich der Druckerzeugung abgekoppelt werden.During the delivery stroke of the fuel compression device 7, the pressure storage chamber 12 can be filled with fuel and be decoupled via the check valves 9 and 10 from the area of pressure generation.

Die Einspritzung erfolgt über eine Kraftstoff-Zumessung mit Hilfe eines in einer Führungsbohrung axial verschiebbaren kolbenförmigen Ventilglieds 13 mit einer konischen Ventildichtfläche 14 an seinem einen Ende, mit der es mit einer Ventilsitzfläche am lnjektorgehäuse der Injektoreinheit 6 zusammenwirkt. An der Ventilsitzfläche des Injektorgehäuses sind Einspritzöffnungen vorgesehen. Es sind ein Düsenraum 15 und ein Steuerraum 16 ausgebildet. Innerhalb des Düsenraums 15 ist eine in Öffnungsrichtung des Ventilglieds 13 weisende Druckftäche dem dort herrschenden Druck ausgesetzt, der über eine Druckleitung 17 dem Düsenraum 15 zugeführt wird. Koaxial zu einer Druckfeder 18 greift femer an dem Ventilglied 13 ein Stößel 19 an, der mit seiner der Ventildichtfläche 14 abgewandten Stirnseite 20 den Steuerraum 16 begrenzt. Der Steuerraum 16 hat vom Kraftstoffdruckanschluß her einen Zulauf mit einer Drossel 21 und einen Ablauf zu einer Druckentlastungsleitung 22, der durch eine Ventileinheit 24 gesteuert wird.The injection takes place via a fuel metering with the aid of a piston-shaped valve member 13 axially displaceable in a guide bore with a conical valve sealing surface 14 at one end, with which it interacts with a valve seat surface on the injector housing of the injector unit 6. On the valve seat surface of the injector housing injection openings are provided. There are a nozzle chamber 15 and a control chamber 16 is formed. Within the nozzle chamber 15, a pressure opening pointing in the opening direction of the valve member 13 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, which pressure is supplied to the nozzle chamber 15 via a pressure line 17. Coaxially to a compression spring 18 furthermore engages the valve member 13, a plunger 19, which limits the control chamber 16 with its end face 20 facing away from the valve sealing surface 14. The control chamber 16 has an inlet from the fuel pressure port with a throttle 21 and a drain to a pressure relief line 22 which is controlled by a valve unit 24.

Der Düsenraum 15 setzt sich über einen Ringspalt zwischen dem Ventilglied 13 und der Führungsbohrung bis an die Ventilsitzfläche des Injektorgehäuses fort. Über den Druck im Steuerraum 16 wird der Stößel 19 in Schließrichtung druckbeaufschlagt. Durch Drosselung des Ventilquerschnitts innerhalb der Ventileinheit 24 kann ein während der Einspritzung variabler Einspritzdruck und somit eine Formung des Einspritzverlaufs durch eine Querschnittssteuerung erreicht werden, wobei der Druck im Steuerraum 16 beeinflußt wird, und somit eine Drosselung des Einspritzdrucks an der Ventildichtfläche 14 über das Ventilglied 13 erreicht wird. Zur Realisierung einer kontinuierlichen Querschnittssteuerung sind sowohl Piezoaktoren als auch schnelle Magnetaktoren denkbar. Durch Ausführung mehrstufiger Ventile können statt einer kontinuierlichen Formung des Einspritzdrucks mehrere unterschiedliche Einspritzdruckniveaus während der Einspritzung durch verschiedene Drosselstellungen erzeugt werden. Analog wäre auch eine Drosselung am Ventilquerschnitt des Ventils 11 zur Formung des Einspritzverlaufs denkbar.The nozzle chamber 15 continues over an annular gap between the valve member 13 and the guide bore up to the valve seat surface of the injector housing. About the pressure in the control chamber 16, the plunger 19 is pressurized in the closing direction. By throttling the valve cross-section within the valve unit 24, a variable during injection injection pressure and thus a shaping of the injection curve can be achieved by a cross-sectional control, wherein the pressure in the control chamber 16 is affected, and thus a throttling of the injection pressure at the valve sealing surface 14 via the valve member thirteenth is reached. To realize a continuous cross-sectional control, both piezoactuators and fast magnetic actuators are conceivable. By performing multi-stage valves instead of a continuous shaping of the injection pressure several different injection pressure levels during the injection through different throttle positions are generated. Analog would also be a throttling on the valve cross-section of the valve 11 for forming the injection course conceivable.

Die Ventileinheit 24 wird von einem Elektromagneten oder Piezoaktor zum Öffnen oder Schließen bzw. Umschalten betätigt. Der Aktor wird von einem Steuergerät angesteuert, das verschiedene Betriebsparameter (Motordrehzahl, ....) der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine überwachen und verarbeiten kann.The valve unit 24 is actuated by an electromagnet or piezoelectric actuator for opening or closing or switching. The actuator is controlled by a control unit that can monitor and process various operating parameters (engine speed,...) Of the internal combustion engine to be supplied.

Unter einem Systemdruck stehender Kraftstoff füllt ständig den Düsenraum 15 und den Steuerraum 16. Bei Betätigung der Ventileinheit 24 kann der Druck im Steuerraum 16 abgebaut werden, so daß in der Folge der in Öffnungsrichtung auf das Ventilglied 13 wirkende Druck im Düsenraum 15 den in Schließrichtung auf das Ventilglied 13 wirkenden Druck übersteigt. Die Ventildichtfläche 14 hebt von der Ventilsitzfläche ab und Kraftstoff wird eingespritzt. Dabei läßt sich der Druckentlastungsvorgang des Steuerraums 16 und somit die Hubsteuerung des Ventilglieds 13 über die Dimensionierung der ersten Drossel 21 und der zweiten Drossel 22 und zusätzliche Drosselung im Ventilsitz beeinflussen.Under a system pressure standing fuel constantly fills the nozzle chamber 15 and the control chamber 16. Upon actuation of the valve unit 24, the pressure in the control chamber 16 can be reduced, so that in the sequence of acting in the opening direction on the valve member 13 pressure in the nozzle chamber 15 in the closing direction the valve member 13 exceeds acting pressure. The valve sealing surface 14 lifts off the valve seat surface and fuel is injected. In this case, the pressure relief process of the control chamber 16 and thus the stroke control of the valve member 13 via the dimensioning of the first throttle 21 and the second throttle 22 and additional throttling in the valve seat can be influenced.

Das Ende der Einspritzung wird durch erneutes Betätigen (Schließen) der Ventileinheit 24 eingeleitet, das den Steuerraum 16 wieder einer Leckageleitung 25 abkoppelt, so daß sich im Steuerraum 16 wieder ein Druck aufbaut, der das Ventilglied 13 in Schließrichtung bewegen kann.The end of the injection is initiated by re-pressing (closing) the valve unit 24, which decouples the control chamber 16 again a leakage line 25, so that in the control chamber 16 again builds up a pressure which can move the valve member 13 in the closing direction.

Der Druckabfall während der Haupteinspritzung wird dadurch kompensiert, daß die Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 den Druckspeicherraum 12 weiter befüllt. Die Größe des Druckspeicherraums 12 ist vorzugsweise so gewählt, daß die Vor- und Nacheinspritzung durch eine aus dem Druckspeicherraum 12 erfolgende .Förderung von Kraftstoff ausgeführt werden kann. Der Kompressionsraum 8 der Kraftstoffverdichtungseinrichtung 7 kann unabhängig vom Bereich der Kraftstoffeinspritzung wieder befüllt werden. Der Druckaufbau im Bereich der Kraftstoffzumessung wird durch Betätigung des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 11 bestimmt. Zur Begrenzung des Maximaldrucks innerhalb der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist ein Druckbegrenzungsventil (im Ausführungsbeispiel nicht gezeigt) im Bereich des Druckspeicherraums einsetzbar.The pressure drop during the main injection is compensated for by the fact that the fuel compression device 7 continues to fill the pressure storage space 12. The size of the pressure storage chamber 12 is preferably selected so that the pre- and post-injection can be carried out by taking place from the pressure accumulator space 12 .Förderung of fuel. The compression space 8 of the fuel compression device 7 can be refilled regardless of the range of fuel injection. The pressure build-up in the area of the fuel metering is determined by actuation of the 2/2-way valve 11. To limit the maximum pressure within the fuel injection device, a pressure limiting valve (not shown in the exemplary embodiment) can be used in the region of the pressure storage space.

Das erste Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 1 und das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung 31 gemäß Fig. 2 haben gemeinsam, daß eine vorteilhafte Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 6 bzw. 36 mit einem lokalen Druckspeicherraum und einer Querschnittssteuerung der Kraftstoff zumessenden Ventileinheit verbunden wird.The first embodiment of a fuel injector 1 and the second embodiment of a fuel injector 31 shown in FIG. 2 have in common that an advantageous unit injector unit 6 or 36 is connected to a local pressure accumulator space and a cross-sectional control of the fuel metering valve unit.

Der lokale Druckspeicherraum 12 bzw. 32 wird dazu genutzt, den Druck zu speichern, um damit einen flexiblen Einspritzzeitpunkt für eine Vor- oder Nacheinspritzung außerhalb des Nockenhubs der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 6 bzw. 36 zu ermöglichen. Der Druckspeicherraum 12 bzw. 32 ermöglicht die Steuerung des Einspritzdrucks unabhängig von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors. Dies erfolgt durch die Regelung der Zeit zwischen der Ansteuerung des Druckaufbaus und der Ansteuerung der Einspritzung. Die Zeit zur Befüllung des Druckspeicherraums 12 bzw. 32 bestimmt das erreichte Druckniveau. Bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen werden separate Ventileinheiten für den Aufbau des Einspritzdrucks und für die Steuerung der Einspritzung verwendet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 wird die Einspritzung druckgesteuert mittels einer Ventileinheit 34 durchgeführt. Durch Drosselung des Ventilquerschnitts innerhalb der Ventileinheit 34 kann ein während der Einspritzung variabler Einspritzdruck und somit eine Formung des Einspritzverlaufs durch eine Querschnittssteuerung erreicht werden, wobei der Druck im Düsenraum 37 beeinflußt wird. Zur Realisierung einer kontinuierlichen Querschnittssteuerung sind sowohl Piezoaktoren als auch schnelle Magnetaktoren denkbar. Durch Ausführung mehrstufiger Ventile können statt einer kontinuierlichen Formung des Einspritzdrucks mehrere unterschiedliche Einspritzdruckniveaus während der Einspritzung durch verschiedene Drosselstellungen erzeugt werden.The local accumulator chamber 12 or 32 is used to store the pressure in order to allow a flexible injection timing for a pre- or post-injection outside the cam lift of the pump-nozzle unit 6 and 36, respectively. The accumulator chamber 12 or 32 allows the control of the injection pressure regardless of the speed of the internal combustion engine. This is done by controlling the time between the control of the pressure build-up and the control of the injection. The time for filling the accumulator chamber 12 or 32 determines the pressure level reached. In both embodiments, separate valve units are used to build up the injection pressure and control the injection. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the injection is pressure-controlled by means of a valve unit 34. By throttling the valve cross-section within the valve unit 34, a variable injection pressure during injection and thus shaping of the injection profile can be achieved by a cross-sectional control, wherein the pressure in the nozzle chamber 37 is influenced. To realize a continuous cross-sectional control, both piezoactuators and fast magnetic actuators are conceivable. By implementing multi-stage valves, instead of a continuous shaping of the injection pressure, a plurality of different injection pressure levels can be generated during the injection by different throttle positions.

Claims (3)

  1. Fuel injection device (1; 31) having, in accordance with the number of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, one or more pump-nozzle units (6; 36) or pump-line-nozzle units for the compression of the fuel, the fuel injection device (1; 31) having means for continuously altering the injection pressure or for generating a plurality of different injection pressure levels at the valve sealing surface (14) of a valve member (13) during injection and at least one control valve (24; 34) for controlling the injection with cross-sectional control, the pressure in the control space (16) or in the nozzle space (37) of an injector being influenced by the control valve (24; 34), characterized in that the pressure line connecting a fuel compression device (7) of the pump-nozzle unit (6; 36) or of the pump-line-nozzle unit to the nozzle space (15; 37) contains a pressure store space (12; 32) which can be decoupled from the fuel compression device (7) of the pump-nozzle unit (6; 36) or of the pump-line-nozzle unit.
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel injection device (1) comprises means for stroke-controlled implementation of the fuel injection.
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel injection device (31) comprises means for pressure-controlled implementation of the fuel injection.
EP00967523A 1999-08-20 2000-08-12 Fuel injection device Expired - Lifetime EP1125047B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19939419 1999-08-20
DE19939419A DE19939419A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Fuel injector
PCT/DE2000/002735 WO2001014712A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-12 Fuel injection device

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EP1125047A1 EP1125047A1 (en) 2001-08-22
EP1125047B1 true EP1125047B1 (en) 2006-04-26

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JP (1) JP4550340B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100715639B1 (en)
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US6725840B1 (en) 2004-04-27
EP1125047A1 (en) 2001-08-22
KR100715639B1 (en) 2007-05-08
KR20010080112A (en) 2001-08-22
DE50012651D1 (en) 2006-06-01
JP2003507638A (en) 2003-02-25
JP4550340B2 (en) 2010-09-22
DE19939419A1 (en) 2001-03-01
WO2001014712A1 (en) 2001-03-01

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