Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
  • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
  • F23D11/406—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
  • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
  • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
  • F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
  • F23D11/445—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame the flame and the vaporiser not coming into direct contact
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
  • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
  • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
  • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means

Definitions

• the invention relates to a burner of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1
• burners are used advantageously in heating systems of residential and non-residential buildings.
• the heat generated by the burner when the fuel is burned heats up water in a boiler, for example.
• burners for liquid fuels such as heavy oil, extra light heating oil or kerosene
• burners for gaseous fuels such as natural gas exist is characterized in particular by the fact that their heat generation can be regulated over a large output range, which is referred to in the professional world as modulability.
• gas burners have favorable values with regard to pollutant emissions
• Burners for liquid fuels are widespread While burners for heavy oil are used in the firing of industrial plants, burners for light heating oil, especially those of the "heating oil extra light” type, dominate in heating systems in residential and non-residential buildings an oil pump required heating oil is atomized by means of a nozzle and burned directly. Such burners can only be modulated from higher outputs, e.g. greater than 100 kW. Due to structural measures such as better insulation of buildings, the specific heating requirement has decreased over the past two decades for heating systems with a nominal output of 15 kW and more.If the heat requirement is lower, which is the case with newer single-family houses, for example, the burner must be switched on and off continuously, i.e. run in so-called cycle mode t process associated with increased pollutant emissions, so that overall less favorable emission values result
• vaporizer burners The fuel is vaporized by the action of heat, then mixed with air and burned.
• Such burners were initially primarily used to burn kerosene or petroleum because these fuels have a relatively low vaporization temperature
• Petroleum as fuel it is possible to heat the kerosene or petroleum when starting the burner in the evaporation chamber by means of an electrical heating device to the evaporation temperature, but later when the heating device and burner have been heated up to such an extent that the evaporation of the kerosene or petroleum by the self-heating of the heating device is maintained, the electrical heating device is switched off. In the case of extra light heating oil, however, the continuous operation of the electrical heating device is necessary because of the much higher vaporization temperature of this fuel
• a burner of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-Al-25 34 066. It contains the aforementioned electrical heating device. It serves not only to heat the fuel, but also to heat the air required for combustion, so that it is prevented That the already vaporized fuel condenses again. Inadequate heating would result in the fuel not burning properly, but partially coking, which leads to a malfunction of the burner after a short time.
• the invention has for its object to provide a burner for the combustion of heating oil particularly suitable, in which the evaporator chamber by means of the mentioned electrical heating device only has to be heated during the starting phase when the burner is cold, while in the subsequent operation of the burner the supply of external energy Heating up the fuel is unnecessary
• Fig. 4 is a vertical section with alternative variants
• Fig. 5 is a view of a detail
• 1 means a burner which has a blower 3 held by a flange 2, to which fresh air can be supplied through a connecting hose 10.
• a motor 4 is arranged below the blower 3, which drives the blower 3.
• a blower pot is located on the blower 3 5 placed, which is provided on its upper side with a connecting flange 6, with which the burner 1 can be mounted from below on a boiler, not shown.
• a fuel connection 7 is provided at the top of the blower 3.
• the heating oil is supplied to the burner 1 Heating oil via a fuel line not visible in this view into an evaporator chamber which is also not visible in this view.
• a temperature sensor 8 is mounted in the wall of the burner pot 5 and, in conjunction with a controller (not shown), serves to regulate the electrical heating device already mentioned.
• the wall of the burner pot 5 is pierced by a first holder 26, which is used to hold an ignition device, for example an ignition electrode 9 or a glow starter.
• This ignition electrode 9, which serves to ignite the fuel-air mixture is designed such that one end thereof protrudes that area of the burner 1 in which the flame is to be generated This area is given by a cylindrical flame holder 11 which protrudes from a deflecting collar 12 and which is closed at the top by a cover 35.
• the deflecting collar 12 consists of a cylindrical part 12a and an adjoining oblique extension 12b.
• the flame holder 11 is placed on the evaporator chamber which is not visible in this illustration. It is advantageously made of heat-resistant steel or ceramic.
• the deflecting collar 12 advantageously consists of heat-resistant steel sheet, if necessary also of cast steel
• the 1 further shows an electrode 23 which is fastened in the wall of the burner pot 6 by means of a further holder 22.
• the free end of this electrode 23 lies at a certain distance parallel to the surface of the flame holder 11.
• the electrode 23 belongs to an ionization measuring device, not shown , with which the presence of a flame can be monitored This monitoring is carried out by a burner 1 assigned, but not shown, burner control unit which controls and monitors the start and operation of burner 1 as in the prior art
• FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the burner 1 shown in FIG. 1, from which more details can be seen.
• a first embodiment of the burner 1 is shown.
• the motor 4 can be seen that blows the blower 3
• FIG 1 drives In this illustration, only one motor 4 and blower 3 common drive shaft 14 can be seen from the blower 3, on which a first rotor 15 and a second rotor 16 are fastened.
• the rotors 15, 16 require fresh air, the direction of demand is marked with arrows
• the flame holder 11 with its cover 35 can be seen in the upper part of FIG. 2, it also being evident that the flame holder 11 is seated on an evaporator chamber 17 already mentioned in connection with FIG. 1.
• the evaporator chamber 1 is at the bottom from a bottom 19 locked.
• the space enclosed by the evaporator chamber 17 and its bottom 19 forms a mixing and evaporator zone 18.
• An electrical heating device 20 is integrated in the wall of the evaporator chamber 17
• the flame holder 11 is surrounded by a combustion chamber 21.
• the flame burns in this room.
• the cylindrical shell of the flame holder 11 consists of at least one, but advantageously two perforated plates joined together, namely an outer perforated plate 24 and an inner perforated plate 25 Perforated sheets 24, 25
• the existing openings can be circular or elongated, that is, for example, they can also be slits. Other shapes are also possible.
• the openings of the two perforated plates 24, 25 can be of different sizes.
• the perforations in the outer perforated plate 24 can be smaller than those in the inner perforated plate 25 the grid of holes can have different dimensions.
• the cylinders formed from the two perforated plates 24, 25 can be pushed directly into one another, but there may advantageously be a more or less large gap between them.
• the deflecting collar 12 surrounding part of the flame holder 11 does not extend with its cylindrical part 12a to the bottom of the Breriner pot 5 (FIG. 1), but is held at the bottom in the burner pot 5 by means of, for example, three legs (not shown).
• the oblique projection 12b of the deflecting collar 12 is not sufficient up to the cylindrical jacket of the flame holder 1 1 Rather, an annular gap 34 remains in between
• a perforated disk 27 is arranged in the evaporator chamber 17, which is parallel to the bottom 19 of the evaporator chamber 17. Between this perforated disk 27 and the bottom 19 there is a mixing wheel 28 which is fastened on the drive shaft 14. This mixing wheel 28 thus rotates together with the rotors 15, 16 A baffle plate 29 is arranged below the mixing wheel 28. Further below, a conical atomizer cup 30 is connected to the drive shaft 14, into the interior of which an end 31 of a fuel line 32 protrudes. Also the baffle plate 29 and the atomizer cup 30 on the. Drive shaft 14 are attached, these parts rotate together with the rotors 15, 16 and the mixing wheel 28. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that an annular seal 33 lies between the base 19 and the housing of the blower 3 (FIG. 1) underneath
• burner 1 The operation of burner 1 will now be described below. A state is initially assumed in which burner 1 is switched off and has largely cooled off. A command from a higher-level heating controller or boiler controller that the burner control unit is now sent that burner 1 should be switched on The commissioning procedure corresponds to the known state of the art. According to the invention, it is now provided that the burner control unit first switches on the electrical heating device 20. The evaporator chamber 17 is thus heated by external energy Drive shaft 14 connects parts such as rotors 15, 16, mixing wheel 28, baffle 29 and atomizer cup 30. After a pre-ignition time, a delivery pump, which calls the heating oil coming from a tank into the burner 1, is put into operation
• Fuel connection 7 (FIG. 1) is demanded in the fuel line 32, at the end 3 1 of which it emerges.
• the required heating oil flows or drips onto the inner wall of the atomizing cup 30. Because of the rotation of the atomizing cup 30, the heating oil flows against the upper edge under the action of the centrifugal force of the atomizer cup 30, is flung away from the edge there and strikes the inner wall of the evaporator chamber 17 At the same time, fresh air is required by the rotors 15, 16 of the blower 3, which impinges on the atomizer cup 30 from below.
• the fresh air on the one hand flows along the outside of the atomizer cup 30, on the other hand also through openings in the bottom of the atomizer cup 30 through the interior of the atomizer cup 30 against the guide plate 29. Both partial streams then flow around the mixing wheel 28 and the guide plate 29. This is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2.
• the speed of the feed pump is smaller or larger, the speeds of the feed pump and blower 3 being matched to one another so that the amounts of fuel and air are matched to one another in such a way that combustion is as complete as possible. If, for example, the feed pump is not a gear pump, but a piston pump, another speed characterizing the delivery volume takes the place of the speed. It is essential that the required volumes of air and fuel are in a correct ratio
• the evaporator chamber 17 is preheated, so that here the heating oil, which has already been finely dispersed by the atomization, is evaporated and at the same time is intensively mixed with the fresh air flowing through it Blower 3 is composed approximately stochiometric, now enters the interior of the flame holder 1 1, which is also indicated in FIG. 2 by arrows. This mixture then passes through the holes in the
• the burner control unit switches on the ignition at the appropriate time.
• the ignition electrode 9 is live and ignites it combustible mixture Now a coherent flame burns on the jacket compartment of the flame holder 1 1 and the hot exhaust gases flow into the combustion chamber 21.
• the combustion chamber 21 is surrounded by the heat exchanger of the boiler, which is not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
• Evaporator chamber 17 the temperature required for the evaporation of the heating oil, with heating oil extra easily at least 350 degrees Celsius, is reached.
• the temperature sensor 8 thus determines the actual value of the temperature and outputs this measured value to the burner control unit, which compares the actual value of the temperature with a desired value and that when the actual value is higher than the target value, the electric heating device 20 switches off
• the temperature sensor 8 together with the burner control unit and the electrical heating device 20, can also be used in such a way that the temperature in the evaporator chamber 17 is not only switched off when a certain temperature is reached, but rather that the temperature in the evaporator chamber 17 is genuinely controlled, for example According to a PID algorithm This can be advantageous if the burner is used in an extremely cold climate zone
• the solution with the switch-off controlled by the temperature sensor 8 is advantageous in terms of operational safety and efficiency Electric heating device 20 also automatically to the effective heating power of the burner 1 when it is operated in a modulating manner, that is to say with a smaller or greater power
• the dimensions of the flame holder 11 and the deflecting collar 12 make it possible to determine which part of the hot exhaust gases is used to heat the evaporator chamber 17.
• the annular gap 34 causes a continuous flame to exist on the lateral surface of the flame holder 11 through the openings in the perforated plates 24 , 25, which corresponds functionally to the flame perforated plate described in DE-Al-25 34 066, it is also achieved that the flame burns stably and cannot strike back
• the device according to the invention ensures that the temperature required for the complete evaporation of the heating oil prevails in the evaporator chamber 17, so that it can be excluded that the heating oil cokes and contaminates the burner 1 and makes it susceptible to malfunction
• the large lateral surface of the flame holder 1 1 also has the advantage that a large-area flame is produced, the temperature of which is lower than in the case of burners according to the prior art. This has an advantageous effect, since less nitrogen oxides NO ⁇ are produced in the burner 1 according to the invention. that with such a burner 1 only small pressure differences, both on the fuel and on the air side, are necessary, which is positively expressed in a low noise level.
• the burner 1 according to the invention can therefore also be used without problems in storey heating systems, where gas burners are otherwise customary are preferred because of the low noise level inherent in this type of burner
• an insert 36 is advantageous centrally in the interior of the flame holder 11 arranged, which consists of heat-resistant steel sheet
• the insert 36 is rotationally symmetrical and consists of a frustoconical upper part 37 and an adjoining conical lower part 38
• the fuel-air mixture also flows from below into the interior of the flame holder 11 in this variant a
• the insert 36 the volume filled by the fuel-air mixture inside the flame holder 1 1 is reduced and the shape of the insert 36 ensures that the effective cross-section in the flame holder 1 1 decreases from bottom to top achieved that the dead volume in the flame holder 1 1 is smaller, and that the average flow rate increases, whereby the residence time of the fuel-air mixture inside the flame holder 1 1 is reduced.
• FIG. 3 also shows another embodiment inside the evaporator chamber, which, in contrast to FIG. 2, is provided with the reference number 39.
• This embodiment differs from that according to FIG. 2 in that guide plate 29, mixing wheel 28 and perforated disk 27 are absent a modified preparation of the fuel-air mixture.
• the heating oil is thrown under the action of the centrifugal force against the inner wall of the evaporator chamber 39, whereupon it evaporates there.
• the evaporated heating oil is taken along by a first partial flow of the air required by the blower 3 (FIG. 1), which is led past the atomizing cup 30 through a gap 40, the partial flow of air and the steam of the heating oil mixing at the same time Air in the evaporator chamber 39 is heated.
• a second partial flow flows from the blower 3 (FIG. 1) through the interior of the atomizer cup 30, which is also open below, and remains unarmed and thus does not cool the evaporator chamber 39 Fuel and air takes place.
• the burner 1 there can thus be an air supply zone 42, one Verda pferzone 43 and a mixing zone 41 clearly differentiate from each other While the air supply zone 42 is formed by the blower 3, the evaporator zone 43 includes the atomizer cup 30 and the interior of the evaporator chamber 39
• the actual mixing zone 41 is formed here by the interior of the flame holder 1 1, the Mixing of fuel and air is also improved in that in this embodiment there is a clear distance between the outer perforated plate 24 and the inner perforated plate 25
• the air is not supplied to the blower 3 via a connecting hose 10, but the air can flow in from the immediate vicinity of the burner 1 via an opening 44 in the housing of the blower 3.
• a connecting hose 10 (FIG 1) be provided
• FIG. 3 also shows in more detail how the burner 1 can be fastened to a boiler 50.
• the burner pot provided with the reference number 5 in FIG. 1, is here designated with the reference number 45.
• the burner pot 45 has a flange 46 at its upper end whose outer end 47 is bent downwards.
• a clamping ring 48 surrounds the outer end 47 of the burner pot 45 and at the same time an extension 49 on the boiler 50.
• the first embodiment variant relates to the execution of the inclined extension 12b of the deflecting collar 12.
• This advantageously consists of thermobimetal, so that it changes its shape with a change in temperature by bulging.
• a second position which can be achieved by such a change in temperature is shown in FIG. 4 with the reference number 12b ' .
• This change in shape changes at Temperature change the width of the annular gap 34, which has an influence on the size of the partial flow of the hot exhaust gases
• a second variant for influencing the partial flow of the hot exhaust gases consists in that a section 56 of the cylindrical part 12a of the deflecting collar 12 consists of thermobimetal. If this section 56 arches due to the action of heat, a discharge opening 57 is formed in the cylindrical part 12a, through which a part of the partial flow of the hot exhaust gases can escape again, so that it can exert no thermal influence on the evaporator chamber 17. Thus, the evaporator chamber 17 is heated less strongly in the case of very hot exhaust gases. In order to allow the unhindered curvature of the section 56, this section 56 is also slotted.
• a third variant consists in that a collar 58 is placed around the outer surface of the evaporator chamber 17, which also consists of thermobimetal. This collar 58 also warps when exposed to heat. The size of the free cross-section between the evaporator chamber 17 and the cylindrical part 12a of the deflecting collar 12 is thus changed, which has a direct effect on the partial flow of the hot exhaust gases, which thermally influences the evaporator chamber 17
• the insert 36 can also be used in the first embodiment according to FIG. 2.
• a spiral concentrically surrounding the flame holder 1 can advantageously be arranged, which has the task of removing heat from the flame.
• the variants of the burner 1 described above can be modulated in the ratio of 1 3, so that the output of the burner 1 can be controlled, for example, between 5 and 15 kW.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
• Evaporation-Type Combustion Burners (AREA)
• Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
• Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
• Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=4218508

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (19)

• 1999
  • 1999-08-13 US US09/786,222 patent/US6540505B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 EP EP99936224A patent/EP1110033B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 CA CA002341549A patent/CA2341549C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 AT AT99936224T patent/ATE260442T1/de active
  • 1999-08-13 DK DK99936224T patent/DK1110033T3/da active
  • 1999-08-13 AU AU51455/99A patent/AU5145599A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-08-13 DE DE19981766T patent/DE19981766D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-08-13 WO PCT/CH1999/000376 patent/WO2000012935A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-08-13 DE DE59908661T patent/DE59908661D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2001
  • 2001-02-28 HR HR20010143A patent/HRP20010143A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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