EP1094207B1 - Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor - Google Patents
Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1094207B1 EP1094207B1 EP99120742A EP99120742A EP1094207B1 EP 1094207 B1 EP1094207 B1 EP 1094207B1 EP 99120742 A EP99120742 A EP 99120742A EP 99120742 A EP99120742 A EP 99120742A EP 1094207 B1 EP1094207 B1 EP 1094207B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silencer
- exhaust pipe
- catalytic device
- flange
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device.
- Two-stroke engines emit a high amount of hydrocarbons due to incomplete combustion of fuel and lubricating oil added in certain proportions to the fuel. Two-stroke engines therefore contribute a higher proportion to overall air pollution than would be expected from the power rating of the engines. Improvements in exhaust gas cleaning of such engines is therefore mandatory.
- Two-stroke engines are widely used in low power applications such as power saws, motor boats, lawn mowers, motor cycles (two-wheelers), and so-called tuk-tuk vehicles (three-wheelers).
- the vast majority of these vehicles are only equipped with a silencer consisting generally of the exhaust pipe extending into a coaxially aligned silencer housing.
- the silencer housing comprises a metal cylinder filled with sound absorbing mats.
- the exhaust pipe being perforated within the region of the silencer housing so that the exhaust gas pulsations may enter the annular space between the exhaust pipe and the housing.
- the silencer housing consists of a metal tube being fixed between two flange plates.
- EP 0431405 Bl describes an exhaust gas purification system for two-stroke engines comprising an outer tube and, arranged therein, a perforated inner tube, that is coated on one or both sides with a catalytically active coating. Between both tubes a gap is formed.
- This arrangement may be part of the exhaust pipe or part of an expansion chamber. It is capable of reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) in the exhaust gas by 30 to 60%.
- the conversion rates can be further improved by using the tubular catalyst as pre-catalyst for a main catalyst arranged downstream in the exhaust pipe.
- EP 0473081 A1 describes an exhaust gas purifying device in which an exhaust gas from an exhaust port of an engine is purified by a catalyst plate means provided with a catalyst.
- the catalyst plate is disposed in a cylindrical muffler which forms part of an exhaust pipe section connected to the engine exhaust gas port.
- the catalyst plate is disposed so as to extend throughout a longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe section at substantially a diametrically central portion in cross section of the exhaust pipe section.
- US 5,595,516 describes a catalytic exhaust system for an outboard motor wherein the catalyst is positioned in the drive shaft housing to remove this source of heat from the power head.
- the catalyst is mounted by a flange assembly and may be easily removed for servicing.
- JP 08246859 describes a catalyst installing structure of a motorcycle by which a catalyst single body can be easily replaced.
- the installing structure comprises a cover body and a catalyst integrally installed on an inside surface of the cover body.
- the cover body is removably mounted to a replacing hole of a muffler in such a way that the catalyst is extending into the interior of the muffler.
- the DE 3715040 A1 describes a catalyst manufactured from a metal web which is spirally wound and comprises punched holes with protruding peripheries for improved catalytic activity.
- the known exhaust gas cleaning devices are not suitable for being retrofitted to the exhaust systems of millions of existing motorcycles and tuk-tuk vehicles thus leaving the exhaust gas of these vehicles uncleaned.
- the present invention is directed to providing a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device which is very cost effective and which allows for easy and quick exchange of the catalytic device. Moreover, existing silencers of tuk-tuk vehicles can be easily converted into silencers according to the invention by retrofitting the catalytic device to them.
- a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device comprising:
- the silencer is characterised in that the silencer further contains a catalytic device (60) comprising a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating and said carrier having a mounting flange (62) fixed thereto, said mounting flange being exchangeably secured to said terminal flange of the exhaust pipe, so as to allow an easy and quick replacement of said catalytic device.
- a catalytic device 60
- the silencer further contains a catalytic device (60) comprising a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating and said carrier having a mounting flange (62) fixed thereto, said mounting flange being exchangeably secured to said terminal flange of the exhaust pipe, so as to allow an easy and quick replacement of said catalytic device.
- the sound deadening space between the silencer housing and the exhaust pipe may be filled with a sound absorbing mat.
- Figure 1 is a side schematic view of an exhaust gas system of a two-stroke engine (10).
- the exhaust gas of the engine is discharged into the exhaust pipe (20) and is then flowing through the silencer (30). From the silencer the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere via tail pipe (42).
- the silencer of the present invention is based on existing exhaust gas systems of tuk-tuk vehicles.
- FIG. 2 is a side sectioned view of a specific embodiment of the silencer of the present invention wherein the silencer housing is a simple tube clamped between two plates and filled with sound absorbing mats in the space between the exhaust pipe and the silencer housing.
- the silencer is assembled from four individual sub-systems:
- FIG. 3 there is shown a side sectioned view of part of the exhaust pipe (20).
- the exhaust pipe has an inlet end, not shown here, and an outlet end (23).
- the exhaust gas is flowing through this pipe from the inlet to the outlet end.
- Fixed to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is a terminal flange (22).
- the part of the exhaust pipe shown in figure 3 is an elongated straight portion of the exhaust pipe upstream from its outlet end.
- the exhaust pipe has an additional flange (21) fixed to the exhaust pipe upstream of the terminal flange but downstream from the inlet end.
- the diameter of the terminal flange is smaller than that of the upstream flange (21) so that it fits into the silencer housing.
- the flanges may be fixed to the exhaust pipe by any suitable means such as welding or soldering.
- the portion of the exhaust pipe between the upstream flange and terminal flange has perforations (24) distributed over its jacket surface.
- FIG 4 there is shown a side sectioned view of the silencer housing (50).
- the silencer housing has the form of an elongated tube. In this specific embodiment both, the front end plane (51) and exit plane (52) of the tube are open.
- the cross section of the silencer tube being of any convenient shape, preferably circular.
- the cross sections of the upstream flange (21) and of the outlet plate (41) of discharge unit (40) shown in figure 6 correspond to the cross section of the silencer housing but are slightly larger so as to allow the silencer housing being clamped between the upstream flange and the outlet plate of the discharge unit in a gas-tight manner.
- the outlet end (23) of the exhaust pipe with terminal flange (22) is located within the silencer housing.
- the terminal flange lies parallel to the end plane (52) of the silencer housing but is recessed to it to accommodate the mounting flange (62) of the catalytic device (60) shown in figure 5 a) in the space formed between terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe and outlet plate (41) of discharge unit (40).
- the terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe may be equipped with bores through which threaded bolts (25) are extending outwardly of the silencer housing.
- threaded bolts (25) are extending outwardly of the silencer housing.
- FIG. 5 a) and b) show details of one embodiment of the catalytic device according to the invention.
- the catalytic device of figure 5 is a monolithic catalyst comprising a perforated or punched tube (61) with perforations (64) which has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe and is equipped with a mounting flange (62) which corresponds to the terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe.
- the mounting flange (62) is fixed flush with the outlet end (65) of the perforated tube.
- the mounting flange (62) has through bores (63) which correspond to the threaded bolts of terminal flange (22).
- the perforated tube of the catalytic device is coated on one or both sides with a suitable catalyst for converting the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas into harmless substances.
- FIG 6 a) and b) show a side sectioned view of the discharge unit (40) comprising an outlet plate (41) and a tail pipe (42) fixed thereto.
- the form of the outlet plate corresponds to the cross section of the silencer housing so that the silencer housing can be closed with this outlet plate in a gas-tight manner.
- the outlet plate is provided with tail pipe (42).
- Through bores (43) are provided in the outlet plate to accommodate the threaded bolts of flange plate (22).
- the perforated tube of the catalytic device (60) is inserted into the exhaust pipe from the side of terminal flange (22) until its mounting flange (62) rests on terminal flange (22) while the threaded bolts extend through the through bores (63) of mounting flange (62).
- the mounting flange may be fixed exchangeably to the terminal flange by fastening nuts (80) onto the threaded bolts.
- the silencer housing (50) is clamped between upstream flange (21) and outlet plate (41) in a gas tight manner by fastening nuts (90) onto the threaded bolts.
- the space (70) formed between exhaust pipe and silencer housing may be filled with a sound absorbing mat. For the sake of clarity this mat is not shown in figure 2.
- the sound carried with the exhaust gas enters the sound absorbing mats through the perforations (24) of the exhaust pipe and gets absorbed by the mat.
- the catalytic device is an important part of the silencer. Several embodiments will be described in the following.
- the catalytic device comprises a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating.
- Said monolithic carrier comprises a cylindrical axis, a jacket surface and an entrance and an exit plane for the exhaust gas.
- This carrier is exchangeably mounted to the silencer.
- a mounting flange oriented perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the monolithic carrier is fixed to its jacket surface.
- the monolithic carrier is comprised of a perforated or punched tube coated with a catalyst and having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe.
- This perforated tube may extend from the terminal flange of the exhaust pipe in an upstream direction into the exhaust pipe (see figure 2). It may also extend from the terminal flange in a downstream direction into the tail pipe of the discharge unit. According to figure 7 it is also possible to have the perforated tube extending both ways from the mounting flange (62) in an upstream and a downstream direction.
- Exhaust gas cleaning is effected by contact with the catalytic coating of the catalytic device.
- the perforations may be of any convenient cross section. They serve to enhance the turbulence of the gas flow and thus the contact of the gas with the catalytic coating. To further improve this function the perforations may have protrusions above or below the jacket surface of the tube. The perforations also allow exhaust gas exchange with the annular sound deadening space between the silencer housing and the exhaust pipe so as to not disturb the silencing function of the silencer too much by the catalytic device.
- the length of the perforated tube of the catalytic device may be determined according to the desired degree of pollutants conversion.
- the perforations may be restricted to certain zones of the tube. These zones should lie within those ranges of the exhaust pipe which have perforations, too, in order to allow gas exchange with the sound deadening space between the exhaust pipe and the silencer housing.
- the total hole area of the perforations may occupy 10 to 80% of the jacket surface of the tube. Below 10%, the catalytic device influences the silencing function of the silencer too much. Above 80% the remaining jacket surface with the catalytic coating thereon is too small to yield an efficient exhaust gas cleaning.
- Perforations with circular cross section having a diameter of 3 mm and a pitch distance of 6 mm and perforations with a diameter of 2 mm and a pitch of 3.5 mm have given sufficient pollutants reduction in the emissions of two-stroke engines.
- the monolithic carrier is comprised of a honeycomb type body (66) as shown in figure 8 carrying a catalyst coating thereon.
- the honeycomb carrier may extend from the terminal flange plate upstream or downstream or both ways into the exhaust pipe or tail pipe. This requires the outer diameter of the monolithic carrier to be smaller than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe or of the tail pipe.
- these honeycomb carriers may be located in the space between the terminal flange plate and the outlet plate of the discharge unit rather than extending into the exhaust pipe.
- Honeycomb type monolithic catalyst carriers are conventional in the exhaust gas cleaning of four-stroke engines. They may be manufactured by extrusion of ceramic materials or from thin corrugated metal foils as is well known in the art. Such honeycomb structures have a plurality of parallel flow ducts for the exhaust gas extending from its entrance face to its exit face. The number of flow ducts per unit cross section of the honeycomb body is called cell density. Typical cell densities of such honeycomb carriers range between 10 and 200 cm -2 . To keep the back pressure exerted on the exhaust gas flow as low as possible cell densities below 62 cm -2 are recommended for the silencer of the present invention. To further reduce the back pressure the honeycomb carriers may be provided with a central bore of a suitable diameter. The diameter of the bore may be as large so that only one layer of flow ducts remain at the periphery of the monolithic catalytic device.
- the length of the honeycomb carriers may be much less than that of the perforated tube type catalytic device.
- the monolithic carriers described above are coated with a suitable catalytic coating for effecting pollutants conversion.
- honeycomb carriers the walls of the flow ducts are coated with the catalyst.
- the techniques for coating honeycomb carriers are well known to the expert.
- a typical catalytic coating for cleaning the exhaust gas of two-stroke engines will consist of a mixture of alumina and ceria containing platinum and rhodium in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 20:1.
- the mass ratio of alumina to ceria may range between 70:30 to 40:60.
- Alumina and ceria may be stabilized against thermal degradation in a known manner by doping them with stabilizers selected from zirconia, baria and lanthana or mixtures therefrom.
- the concentration of the catalytic coating on the catalytic tube preferably is chosen between 0,5 and 5 grams per square meter of tube surface. Hydrocarbon conversion from 30 to 70% can be achieved with such a coating.
- Retrofitting or exchange of a spent catalytic devices can be done in the following way:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device.
- Two-stroke engines emit a high amount of hydrocarbons due to incomplete combustion of fuel and lubricating oil added in certain proportions to the fuel. Two-stroke engines therefore contribute a higher proportion to overall air pollution than would be expected from the power rating of the engines. Improvements in exhaust gas cleaning of such engines is therefore mandatory.
- Two-stroke engines are widely used in low power applications such as power saws, motor boats, lawn mowers, motor cycles (two-wheelers), and so-called tuk-tuk vehicles (three-wheelers). The vast majority of these vehicles are only equipped with a silencer consisting generally of the exhaust pipe extending into a coaxially aligned silencer housing. The silencer housing comprises a metal cylinder filled with sound absorbing mats. The exhaust pipe being perforated within the region of the silencer housing so that the exhaust gas pulsations may enter the annular space between the exhaust pipe and the housing. Most often, the silencer housing consists of a metal tube being fixed between two flange plates.
- There have been made many proposals for catalytic cleaning the exhaust gas of these engines. For example, EP 0431405 Bl describes an exhaust gas purification system for two-stroke engines comprising an outer tube and, arranged therein, a perforated inner tube, that is coated on one or both sides with a catalytically active coating. Between both tubes a gap is formed. This arrangement may be part of the exhaust pipe or part of an expansion chamber. It is capable of reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) in the exhaust gas by 30 to 60%. The conversion rates can be further improved by using the tubular catalyst as pre-catalyst for a main catalyst arranged downstream in the exhaust pipe.
- EP 0473081 A1 describes an exhaust gas purifying device in which an exhaust gas from an exhaust port of an engine is purified by a catalyst plate means provided with a catalyst. The catalyst plate is disposed in a cylindrical muffler which forms part of an exhaust pipe section connected to the engine exhaust gas port. The catalyst plate is disposed so as to extend throughout a longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe section at substantially a diametrically central portion in cross section of the exhaust pipe section.
- US 5,595,516 describes a catalytic exhaust system for an outboard motor wherein the catalyst is positioned in the drive shaft housing to remove this source of heat from the power head. The catalyst is mounted by a flange assembly and may be easily removed for servicing.
- JP 08246859 describes a catalyst installing structure of a motorcycle by which a catalyst single body can be easily replaced. The installing structure comprises a cover body and a catalyst integrally installed on an inside surface of the cover body. The cover body is removably mounted to a replacing hole of a muffler in such a way that the catalyst is extending into the interior of the muffler.
- The DE 3715040 A1 describes a catalyst manufactured from a metal web which is spirally wound and comprises punched holes with protruding peripheries for improved catalytic activity.
- The known exhaust gas cleaning devices are not suitable for being retrofitted to the exhaust systems of millions of existing motorcycles and tuk-tuk vehicles thus leaving the exhaust gas of these vehicles uncleaned.
- The present invention is directed to providing a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device which is very cost effective and which allows for easy and quick exchange of the catalytic device. Moreover, existing silencers of tuk-tuk vehicles can be easily converted into silencers according to the invention by retrofitting the catalytic device to them.
- The above-mentioned objects are solved by a silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device, the silencer comprising:
- a) an elongated silencer housing (50) having a front end and an exit plane (52),
- b) an exhaust pipe (20) extending with its outlet end into said silencer housing from said front end and having at its outlet end a terminal flange (22), said terminal flange being recessed with respect to said end plane (52) and the portion of the exhaust pipe inside the silencer housing having perforations (24),
- c) a discharge unit (40) comprising an outlet plate (41) and a tail pipe (42) so as to allow for the discharge of the exhaust gas, the end plane (52) of said housing being closed by said discharge unit by fastening its outlet plate to said terminal flange (22) in a removable manner thereby pressing said outlet plate against the circumferential rim of said silencer housing.
-
- The silencer is characterised in that the silencer further contains a catalytic device (60) comprising a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating and said carrier having a mounting flange (62) fixed thereto, said mounting flange being exchangeably secured to said terminal flange of the exhaust pipe, so as to allow an easy and quick replacement of said catalytic device.
- For improving the sound deadening property of the silencer the sound deadening space between the silencer housing and the exhaust pipe may be filled with a sound absorbing mat.
- The advantages of the proposed silencer are the following:
- easy retrofitting of the catalytic device to already existing exhaust systems of tuk-tuk vehicles to transform their silencers to silencers according to the invention, thereby offering a high potential for fast reduction of pollutants from the current fleet of tuk-tuk vehicles;
- fast replacement of the catalytic device in case of fatal damage to the catalytic coating;
- reduced fouling of the perforated zone of the exhaust pipe and of the sound absorbing mat due to effective conversion of lubrication oils and fuel hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas and thereby lengthening the maintenance interval for these mats;
- minimum influence of the inserted catalytic device on the back pressure generated by the silencer;
- very cost effective.
- Some specific embodiments of the silencer will now be described with reference to figures 1 to 8 to further elucidate the present invention.
- Figure 1:
- is a side schematic view of an exhaust gas cleaning system of a two-stroke engine.
- Figure 2:
- is a side sectioned view of the silencer according to the invention
- Figure 3:
- is a side sectioned view of the exhaust pipe
- Figure 4:
- is a side sectioned view of the silencer housing
- Figure 5 a):
- is a side sectioned view of the first embodiment of the catalytic device for cleaning the exhaust gas from pollutants
- Figure 5 b):
- is a front view onto the mounting flange of the catalytic device
- Figure 6 a):
- is a side sectioned view of the discharge unit of the silencer
- Figure 6 b):
- is a front view onto the outlet plate of the discharge unit
- Figure 7:
- alternative catalytic device according to the first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 a):
- is a side sectioned view of the second embodiment of the catalytic device for cleaning the exhaust gas from pollutants
- Figure 8 b):
- is a front view onto the mounting flange of the catalytic device
- Figure 1 is a side schematic view of an exhaust gas system of a two-stroke engine (10). The exhaust gas of the engine is discharged into the exhaust pipe (20) and is then flowing through the silencer (30). From the silencer the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere via tail pipe (42).
- The silencer of the present invention is based on existing exhaust gas systems of tuk-tuk vehicles.
- Figure 2 is a side sectioned view of a specific embodiment of the silencer of the present invention wherein the silencer housing is a simple tube clamped between two plates and filled with sound absorbing mats in the space between the exhaust pipe and the silencer housing. The silencer is assembled from four individual sub-systems:
- the exhaust pipe (20),
- the silencer housing (50),
- the catalytic device (60), and
- discharge unit (40).
- Figures 3 to 7 are provided for showing these sub-systems in detail. Referring now to figure 3, there is shown a side sectioned view of part of the exhaust pipe (20). The exhaust pipe has an inlet end, not shown here, and an outlet end (23). The exhaust gas is flowing through this pipe from the inlet to the outlet end. Fixed to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is a terminal flange (22).
- The part of the exhaust pipe shown in figure 3 is an elongated straight portion of the exhaust pipe upstream from its outlet end. The exhaust pipe has an additional flange (21) fixed to the exhaust pipe upstream of the terminal flange but downstream from the inlet end. The diameter of the terminal flange is smaller than that of the upstream flange (21) so that it fits into the silencer housing. The flanges may be fixed to the exhaust pipe by any suitable means such as welding or soldering. The portion of the exhaust pipe between the upstream flange and terminal flange has perforations (24) distributed over its jacket surface.
- In figure 4 there is shown a side sectioned view of the silencer housing (50). The silencer housing has the form of an elongated tube. In this specific embodiment both, the front end plane (51) and exit plane (52) of the tube are open. The cross section of the silencer tube being of any convenient shape, preferably circular. The cross sections of the upstream flange (21) and of the outlet plate (41) of discharge unit (40) shown in figure 6 correspond to the cross section of the silencer housing but are slightly larger so as to allow the silencer housing being clamped between the upstream flange and the outlet plate of the discharge unit in a gas-tight manner.
- In the assembled state the outlet end (23) of the exhaust pipe with terminal flange (22) is located within the silencer housing. The terminal flange lies parallel to the end plane (52) of the silencer housing but is recessed to it to accommodate the mounting flange (62) of the catalytic device (60) shown in figure 5 a) in the space formed between terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe and outlet plate (41) of discharge unit (40).
- For clamping the silencer housing between the upstream flange and the outlet plate of the discharge unit the terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe may be equipped with bores through which threaded bolts (25) are extending outwardly of the silencer housing. Preferably only two threaded bolts are fixed to terminal flange (22). But depending on the required rigidity of the silencer three or more threaded bolts may be provided.
- Figure 5 a) and b) show details of one embodiment of the catalytic device according to the invention. The catalytic device of figure 5 is a monolithic catalyst comprising a perforated or punched tube (61) with perforations (64) which has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe and is equipped with a mounting flange (62) which corresponds to the terminal flange (22) of the exhaust pipe. In the embodiment of the catalytic device shown in figure 5 the mounting flange (62) is fixed flush with the outlet end (65) of the perforated tube.
- The mounting flange (62) has through bores (63) which correspond to the threaded bolts of terminal flange (22). The perforated tube of the catalytic device is coated on one or both sides with a suitable catalyst for converting the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas into harmless substances.
- Figure 6 a) and b) show a side sectioned view of the discharge unit (40) comprising an outlet plate (41) and a tail pipe (42) fixed thereto. The form of the outlet plate corresponds to the cross section of the silencer housing so that the silencer housing can be closed with this outlet plate in a gas-tight manner. For discharge of the exhaust gas the outlet plate is provided with tail pipe (42).
- Through bores (43) are provided in the outlet plate to accommodate the threaded bolts of flange plate (22).
- Returning now to figure 2, the cooperation of the four sub-systems will be described in more detail. As shown in figure 2, the perforated tube of the catalytic device (60) is inserted into the exhaust pipe from the side of terminal flange (22) until its mounting flange (62) rests on terminal flange (22) while the threaded bolts extend through the through bores (63) of mounting flange (62). The mounting flange may be fixed exchangeably to the terminal flange by fastening nuts (80) onto the threaded bolts.
- The silencer housing (50) is clamped between upstream flange (21) and outlet plate (41) in a gas tight manner by fastening nuts (90) onto the threaded bolts.
- The space (70) formed between exhaust pipe and silencer housing may be filled with a sound absorbing mat. For the sake of clarity this mat is not shown in figure 2. The sound carried with the exhaust gas enters the sound absorbing mats through the perforations (24) of the exhaust pipe and gets absorbed by the mat.
- The catalytic device is an important part of the silencer. Several embodiments will be described in the following.
- The catalytic device comprises a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating. Said monolithic carrier comprises a cylindrical axis, a jacket surface and an entrance and an exit plane for the exhaust gas. This carrier is exchangeably mounted to the silencer. For that purpose a mounting flange oriented perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the monolithic carrier is fixed to its jacket surface.
- In a first embodiment which has already been discussed with respect to figure 5, the monolithic carrier is comprised of a perforated or punched tube coated with a catalyst and having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe. This perforated tube may extend from the terminal flange of the exhaust pipe in an upstream direction into the exhaust pipe (see figure 2). It may also extend from the terminal flange in a downstream direction into the tail pipe of the discharge unit. According to figure 7 it is also possible to have the perforated tube extending both ways from the mounting flange (62) in an upstream and a downstream direction.
- Exhaust gas cleaning is effected by contact with the catalytic coating of the catalytic device. The perforations may be of any convenient cross section. They serve to enhance the turbulence of the gas flow and thus the contact of the gas with the catalytic coating. To further improve this function the perforations may have protrusions above or below the jacket surface of the tube. The perforations also allow exhaust gas exchange with the annular sound deadening space between the silencer housing and the exhaust pipe so as to not disturb the silencing function of the silencer too much by the catalytic device.
- The length of the perforated tube of the catalytic device may be determined according to the desired degree of pollutants conversion. The perforations may be restricted to certain zones of the tube. These zones should lie within those ranges of the exhaust pipe which have perforations, too, in order to allow gas exchange with the sound deadening space between the exhaust pipe and the silencer housing.
- The total hole area of the perforations may occupy 10 to 80% of the jacket surface of the tube. Below 10%, the catalytic device influences the silencing function of the silencer too much. Above 80% the remaining jacket surface with the catalytic coating thereon is too small to yield an efficient exhaust gas cleaning. Perforations with circular cross section having a diameter of 3 mm and a pitch distance of 6 mm and perforations with a diameter of 2 mm and a pitch of 3.5 mm have given sufficient pollutants reduction in the emissions of two-stroke engines.
- According to a second embodiment of the catalytic device the monolithic carrier is comprised of a honeycomb type body (66) as shown in figure 8 carrying a catalyst coating thereon. Again, the honeycomb carrier may extend from the terminal flange plate upstream or downstream or both ways into the exhaust pipe or tail pipe. This requires the outer diameter of the monolithic carrier to be smaller than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe or of the tail pipe. Most preferably these honeycomb carriers may be located in the space between the terminal flange plate and the outlet plate of the discharge unit rather than extending into the exhaust pipe.
- Honeycomb type monolithic catalyst carriers are conventional in the exhaust gas cleaning of four-stroke engines. They may be manufactured by extrusion of ceramic materials or from thin corrugated metal foils as is well known in the art. Such honeycomb structures have a plurality of parallel flow ducts for the exhaust gas extending from its entrance face to its exit face. The number of flow ducts per unit cross section of the honeycomb body is called cell density. Typical cell densities of such honeycomb carriers range between 10 and 200 cm-2. To keep the back pressure exerted on the exhaust gas flow as low as possible cell densities below 62 cm-2 are recommended for the silencer of the present invention. To further reduce the back pressure the honeycomb carriers may be provided with a central bore of a suitable diameter. The diameter of the bore may be as large so that only one layer of flow ducts remain at the periphery of the monolithic catalytic device.
- Due to their larger geometrical surface area the length of the honeycomb carriers may be much less than that of the perforated tube type catalytic device.
- The monolithic carriers described above are coated with a suitable catalytic coating for effecting pollutants conversion. In case of the honeycomb carriers the walls of the flow ducts are coated with the catalyst. The techniques for coating honeycomb carriers are well known to the expert. A typical catalytic coating for cleaning the exhaust gas of two-stroke engines will consist of a mixture of alumina and ceria containing platinum and rhodium in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 20:1. The mass ratio of alumina to ceria may range between 70:30 to 40:60. Alumina and ceria may be stabilized against thermal degradation in a known manner by doping them with stabilizers selected from zirconia, baria and lanthana or mixtures therefrom. The concentration of the catalytic coating on the catalytic tube preferably is chosen between 0,5 and 5 grams per square meter of tube surface. Hydrocarbon conversion from 30 to 70% can be achieved with such a coating.
- Retrofitting or exchange of a spent catalytic devices can be done in the following way:
- at first, unscrew nuts (90) of screw bolts (25),
- tear off discharge unit (40) and silencer housing (50),
- if present, unscrew nuts (80) to remove the spent catalytic device (60),
- if necessary, exchange the spent sound absorbing mat,
- insert the new catalytic device into the outlet pipe (20) and fix its mounting flange to the terminal flange of the exhaust pipe by fastening nuts (80),
- slide the silencer housing (50) over the sound absorbing mat,
- reassemble discharge unit (40)
- fix the silencer housing by fastening nuts (90) onto the threaded bolts (25).
Claims (6)
- Silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device, the silencer comprising:a) an elongated silencer housing (50) having a front end and an exit plane (52),b) an exhaust pipe (20) extending with its outlet end into said silencer housing from said front end and having at its outlet end a terminal flange (22), said terminal flange being recessed with respect to said end plane (52) and the portion of the exhaust pipe inside the silencer housing having perforations (24),c) a discharge unit (40) comprising an outlet plate (41) and a tail pipe (42) so as to allow for the discharge of the exhaust gas, the end plane (52) of said housing being closed by said discharge unit by fastening its outlet plate to said terminal flange (22) in a removable manner thereby pressing said outlet plate against the circumferential rim of said silencer housing,
characterised in that, the silencer further contains a catalytic device (60) comprising a cylindrical monolithic carrier coated with a catalytic coating and said carrier having a mounting flange (62) fixed thereto, said mounting flange being exchangeably secured to said terminal flange of the exhaust pipe, so as to allow an easy and quick replacement of said catalytic device. - Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that said monolithic carrier is comprised of a perforated tube (61) with a catalyst coating thereon having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of said exhaust pipe (20) and extending into said exhaust pipe.
- Silencer according to claim 1,
characterized in that said monolithic carrier is comprised of a honeycomb type cylinder (66) with a catalyst coating thereon having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of said exhaust pipe and extending upstream of said second flange plate (22) into said exhaust pipe (20). - Silencer according to claim 1,
characterized in that said monolithic carrier is comprised of a honeycomb type cylinder (66) with a catalyst coating thereon having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of said tail pipe and extending downstream of said third flange plate (63) into said tail pipe (42). - Silencer according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that said honeycomb type cylinder has a central bore. - Silencer according to anyone of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the space formed between said exhaust pipe and said silencer housing being filled with a sound absorbing mat.
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99120742T ATE240453T1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | SILENCER WITH CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR TWO-STROKE INTERNAL INTERNATIONAL ENGINES AND CATALYTIC DEVICE THEREFOR |
ES99120742T ES2198831T3 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | SILENCER CONTAINING A CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR TWO-TIME ENGINES AND CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR THE SAME. |
EP99120742A EP1094207B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor |
DE69907912T DE69907912T2 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | Muffler with catalytic device for two-stroke internal combustion engines and catalytic device therefor |
TW090211177U TW496468U (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-09-15 | Silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device and catalytic device therefor |
IDP20000895D ID27692A (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-17 | REDUCER FOR TWO-STEP MACHINES CONTAINING CATALYTIC MEANS AND THE CATALYTIC MEANS |
BRPI0004906-9A BR0004906B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-18 | Muffler for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device and catalytic device for it. |
MYPI20004923A MY126648A (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-19 | Silencer for two-stroke engines containing a catalytic device and catalytic device therefor |
CNB001298674A CN1157531C (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-20 | Muffler with catalytic device for two-stroke engine and its catalytic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99120742A EP1094207B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1094207A1 EP1094207A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
EP1094207B1 true EP1094207B1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=8239230
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99120742A Expired - Lifetime EP1094207B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1094207B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1157531C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE240453T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0004906B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69907912T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2198831T3 (en) |
ID (1) | ID27692A (en) |
MY (1) | MY126648A (en) |
TW (1) | TW496468U (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20050059U1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-27 | Linea O G Jolly S A S Di Cesar | STRUCTURE OF EXHAUST SYSTEM PARTICULARLY FOR MOTORCYCLES AND THE LIKE |
CN102330593B (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-02-13 | 山东华盛农业药械有限责任公司 | Connection structure of low-emission double-stroke gasoline engine silencer |
JP2013231384A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Muffler and saddle-riding type vehicle |
CN103032383A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-04-10 | 江苏鼎泽环境工程有限公司 | Quick change type silencer |
CN103671281A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-03-26 | 曹莹莹 | Air blower outlet pipeline type silencer |
JP2017150311A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-08-31 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Engine unit and ride type vehicle |
JP2017031921A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Heat radiation film formation method |
CN108825331B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-09-15 | 上海天纳克排气***有限公司 | Silencer (muffler) |
CN113482746B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江卓驰机械有限公司 | Motorcycle silencer for catalytic purification of tail gas |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3715040A1 (en) * | 1987-05-06 | 1987-11-19 | Karl Schmidt | Punched strip catalyst |
IT217013Z2 (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1991-10-29 | Gilardini Spa | FILTER FOR THE EXHAUST GASES OF AN ENDOTHERMAL ENGINE |
BR9205924A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1994-08-02 | Donaldson Co Inc | Combustion filter fitted with hydrocarbon fuel |
US5169604A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1992-12-08 | Johnson Matthey, Inc. | Catalytic converter with replaceable carrier assembly |
JP3364011B2 (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 2003-01-08 | 三信工業株式会社 | Outboard motor cooling water piping structure |
JP3257906B2 (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 2002-02-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Engine exhaust purification device |
JPH08246859A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-24 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Catalyst installing structure for motorcycle |
JP3280209B2 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2002-04-30 | 株式会社共立 | Muffler structure of internal combustion engine |
JPH09184418A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Kioritz Corp | Exhaust muffler for internal combustion engine |
-
1999
- 1999-10-20 DE DE69907912T patent/DE69907912T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 EP EP99120742A patent/EP1094207B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 ES ES99120742T patent/ES2198831T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 AT AT99120742T patent/ATE240453T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-09-15 TW TW090211177U patent/TW496468U/en unknown
- 2000-10-17 ID IDP20000895D patent/ID27692A/en unknown
- 2000-10-18 BR BRPI0004906-9A patent/BR0004906B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-19 MY MYPI20004923A patent/MY126648A/en unknown
- 2000-10-20 CN CNB001298674A patent/CN1157531C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1308181A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
BR0004906B1 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
MY126648A (en) | 2006-10-31 |
TW496468U (en) | 2002-07-21 |
ID27692A (en) | 2001-04-26 |
ES2198831T3 (en) | 2004-02-01 |
CN1157531C (en) | 2004-07-14 |
DE69907912T2 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
EP1094207A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
ATE240453T1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
DE69907912D1 (en) | 2003-06-18 |
BR0004906A (en) | 2001-05-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5043147A (en) | Combined muffler and catalytic converter exhaust unit | |
US7281606B2 (en) | Exhaust sound and emission control systems | |
US5578277A (en) | Modular catalytic converter and muffler for internal combustion engine | |
CN1034360C (en) | Silencer combined with catalytic converter for internal combustionengines and modular diaphragm elements for said silencer | |
FI98403C (en) | Method of operating the silencer unit and system for applying the method to a large diesel engine | |
WO1996005417A1 (en) | Series combination catalytic converter | |
EP1094207B1 (en) | Silencer containing a catalytic device for two-stoke engines and catalytic device therefor | |
EP0333815B1 (en) | An exhaust gas apparatus for internal combustion engines provided with a device for housing filters designed to trap solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons entrained in exhaust gases | |
JP3327552B2 (en) | Catalytic exhaust gas purification system for engines | |
DE3939921C2 (en) | ||
US5916128A (en) | Sound deadening and catalyst treating system | |
EP2221461B1 (en) | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus | |
KR100540189B1 (en) | A catalytic converter | |
US6193935B1 (en) | Catalytic converter | |
US7384609B2 (en) | Pre-converter device for cleaning exhaust gas for an internal combustion engine | |
JP3350252B2 (en) | Exhaust gas purification device | |
JP2002070543A (en) | Exhaust system | |
KR200246388Y1 (en) | Device for waste gas purification | |
EP0953740B1 (en) | Sound deadening and catalyst treating system | |
JP3201964B2 (en) | Exhaust device catalyst device | |
JPS6139071Y2 (en) | ||
KR20020043801A (en) | Exhaust gas of catalytic converter for vehicle | |
KR970004986Y1 (en) | Copper catalyzer converter for purifying waste gas | |
JPH07305624A (en) | Exhaust emission control device for engine | |
JPH03294616A (en) | Exhaust emission control device for engine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991020 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: OMG AG & CO. KG |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20011116 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: SILENCER CONTAINING A CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR TWO-STOKE ENGINES AND CATALYTIC DEVICE THEREFOR |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030514 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69907912 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20030618 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030814 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030814 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030814 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20030402577 Country of ref document: GR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031020 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031020 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031031 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: UMICORE AG & CO. KG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2198831 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20130916 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20130911 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20130906 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20131009 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20131016 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20131016 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 69907912 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20141020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: ML Ref document number: 20030402577 Country of ref document: GR Effective date: 20150505 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150501 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20150630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150505 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141031 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20151126 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141021 |