EP1090221B1 - Method for operating an internal combustion engine, especially of an automobile - Google Patents

Method for operating an internal combustion engine, especially of an automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1090221B1
EP1090221B1 EP99939317A EP99939317A EP1090221B1 EP 1090221 B1 EP1090221 B1 EP 1090221B1 EP 99939317 A EP99939317 A EP 99939317A EP 99939317 A EP99939317 A EP 99939317A EP 1090221 B1 EP1090221 B1 EP 1090221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
internal combustion
combustion engine
injected
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99939317A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1090221A1 (en
Inventor
Hansjörg BOCHUM
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3863—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow out of the common rail, e.g. using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3076—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion with special conditions for selecting a mode of combustion, e.g. for starting, for diagnosing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3818—Common rail control systems for petrol engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
    • F02D41/3023—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
    • F02D41/3029—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode further comprising a homogeneous charge spark-ignited mode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting a Internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, at which is the fuel to be injected for combustion during a suction phase and during a Compression phase injected directly into a combustion chamber and at which the pressure is determined with which the Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. Furthermore
  • the invention relates in particular to an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, with an injection valve, with the the fuel to be injected for combustion during during a suction phase and during a compression phase can be injected directly into a combustion chamber, and with a Control device for controlling and / or regulating the start the internal combustion engine, and with a pressure sensor Measurement of the pressure with which the fuel enters the combustion chamber is injected.
  • a system for the direct injection of fuel into the Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is, for example, from DE-A-197 39 786 known.
  • Shift operation is particularly important for smaller loads used during the homogeneous operation at larger, at the Internal loads applied to the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel is used during the Compression phase of the internal combustion engine in the combustion chamber injected in such a way that a Cloud of fuel in the immediate vicinity of a spark plug located.
  • This injection can be different Way. So it is possible that the injected Fuel cloud is already during or immediately after the injection is at the spark plug and from this is ignited. It is also possible that the injected cloud of fuel through a charge movement the spark plug is led and then ignited. at the two combustion processes are not uniform Fuel distribution before, but a stratified charge.
  • the object of the invention is a method for starting an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine create with which the described blowing back completely is generally avoided, and with which in particular a as fuel-saving as possible starting the Internal combustion engine is possible.
  • This task is initiated in a procedure mentioned type according to the invention solved in that Start the pressure that builds up the fuel is injected during the priming phase when the pressure is smaller than a predeterminable minimum pressure and that the Fuel is injected during the compression phase, if the pressure is greater than the predefinable minimum pressure.
  • Start the pressure that is built up by the control unit the fuel is injected during the induction phase, if the pressure is less than a predefinable one Minimum pressure, and that by the control unit of the fuel is injected during the compression phase when the Pressure is greater than the specifiable minimum pressure.
  • the fuel again during the Intake phase is injected when the pressure is lower as a predeterminable hysteresis pressure, the Hysteresis pressure is less than the minimum pressure.
  • the Hysteresis pressure is less than the minimum pressure.
  • the pressure at which the fuel enters the combustion chamber is injected, controlled to a maximum pressure and / or regulated. This represents a pressure control of the Pressure in the pressure accumulator with which this pressure the maximum pressure is limited.
  • the process according to the invention is general be used in the operation of the internal combustion engine can.
  • the use of the is particularly advantageous inventive method when starting the Internal combustion engine, especially if the speed of the Internal combustion engine is smaller than a specifiable Start End threshold.
  • control Program for executing the method according to the invention, which is stored on a computing device, particularly executable on a microprocessor is.
  • the invention is based on a Control stored program realized so that this control provided with the program in the same
  • the invention represents how the method for its Execution the program is suitable.
  • a control can in particular be an electrical storage medium for Use, for example, a read-only memory.
  • an internal combustion engine 1 is one Motor vehicle shown, in which a piston 2 in one Cylinder 3 can be moved back and forth.
  • the cylinder 3 is with a combustion chamber 4 provided, inter alia, by the Piston 2, an inlet valve 5 and an outlet valve 6 is limited.
  • the inlet valve 5 is an intake pipe 7 and an exhaust pipe 8 is coupled to the exhaust valve 6.
  • the intake pipe 7 there is a rotatable throttle valve 9 housed, through which the intake pipe 7 air can be supplied is.
  • the amount of air supplied depends on the Throttle valve angular position 9.
  • An injector 10 is associated with the cylinder 3, with the fuel into the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 can be injected. There is also a spark plug 11 assigned to the cylinder 3 with which the injected Fuel can be ignited.
  • the throttle valve 9 is opened wide.
  • the fuel is from the injector 10 during a through the Piston 2 caused compression phase in the combustion chamber 4 injected, locally into the immediate Environment of the spark plug 11 and in time in a suitable Distance before the ignition point. Then with the help of Spark plug 11 ignites the fuel so that the piston 2 in the work phase that now follows due to the expansion of the ignited fuel is driven.
  • the throttle valve 9 is dependent on the desired, supplied air mass partially opened or closed.
  • the fuel is supplied from the injection valve 10 during one caused by the piston 2 Intake phase injected into the combustion chamber 4. Through the air that is sucked in at the same time becomes injected Fuel swirls and thus in the combustion chamber 4 in essentially evenly distributed. After that it will Air / fuel mixture during the compression phase compressed to then ignited by the spark plug 11 become. Due to the expansion of the ignited fuel the piston 2 is driven.
  • Fuel mass is in particular from a control unit 12 with a view to low fuel consumption and / or controlled low pollutant development and / or regulated.
  • the control device 12 is equipped with a Microprocessor provided in a storage medium, a program in particular in a read-only memory has saved, which is suitable for the named Control and / or regulation to perform.
  • the control device 12 is acted upon by input signals, the operating variables measured by sensors Represent internal combustion engine 1.
  • Control unit 12 with an air mass sensor, a lambda sensor and connected to a speed sensor.
  • the control unit 12 is connected to an accelerator pedal sensor which generates a signal indicating the position of a driver actuatable accelerator pedal indicates.
  • the control device 12 generates Output signals with which the behavior of the Internal combustion engine 1 according to the desired control and / or regulation can be influenced.
  • the control unit 12 with the injection valve 10, the Spark plug 11 and the throttle valve 9 connected and generated the signals required to control them.
  • FIG. 2 shows a fuel supply system 13 shown for use in Internal combustion engine 1 is provided.
  • Fuel supply system 13 is a so-called common rail system, which is particularly in one Internal combustion engine with direct injection for use comes.
  • the fuel supply system 13 has one Pressure accumulator 14 on with a pressure sensor 15 and a pressure control valve 16 is provided.
  • the accumulator 14 is via a pressure line 17 with a high pressure pump 18 connected.
  • In the pressure line 17 is a changeover valve 19 interposed, the in a normal state High pressure pump 18 connects to the pressure accumulator 14.
  • the High pressure pump 18 is connected to the via a pressure line 20 Pressure control valve 16 is connected.
  • Over a Pressure line 21 and a filter is the pressure control valve 16 and thus also the high pressure pump 18 with a Fuel pump 22 connected, which is suitable Suck fuel from a fuel tank 23. about a line 24 is the switching valve 19 with the Fuel tank 23 connected.
  • the fuel supply system 13 has four Injectors 10 on the pressure lines 25 with the Pressure accumulator 14 are connected.
  • the injectors 10 are suitable for fuel in the combustion chambers 4 of the Inject internal combustion engine 1. There the Fuel ignited by means of the spark plugs 11.
  • the pressure sensor 15 is connected by means of a signal line 26 connected to the control unit 12, to which further one A plurality of signal lines other than input lines are connected.
  • a signal line 27 Fuel pump 22 and via a signal line 28 is that Pressure control valve 16 connected to the control unit 12.
  • the high pressure pump 18 can also be used be connected to the control unit 12.
  • the injection valves 10 by means of signal lines 29 to the Control unit 12 connected. After all, it is Switch valve 19 via a signal line 30 with the Control unit 12 connected.
  • pr The measured with the pressure sensor 15 and on the Signal line 26 applied pressure in the pressure accumulator 14 is denoted by pr in FIG. At this pressure pr is the pressure at which the fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 becomes.
  • the fuel is from the fuel pump 2 from the Fuel tank 23 pumped to the high pressure pump 18.
  • the high-pressure pump 18 is used in the pressure accumulator 14 generates the pressure pr measured by the pressure sensor 15 is and by a corresponding actuation of the Pressure control valve 16 and / or control of Fuel pump 22 or high pressure pump 18 on one desired value is set.
  • Fuel quantity or fuel mass is, among others, the Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is essential.
  • high pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 a essential requirement.
  • a high pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is also required if the internal combustion engine 1 in Shift operation is to be carried out when fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 in the compression phase shall be. If the pressure is not sufficiently high pr in the pressure accumulator 14, so-called occurs Blow back on, due to the compression phase and the resulting pressure in the combustion chamber 4 there burned from the last burn Mixture of previous combustion as well as of sucked combustion air from the combustion chamber 4 in the Pressure accumulator 14 is pushed back. Only if the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than that in the Compression phase resulting pressure in the combustion chamber 4, actually finds an injection of fuel from the Pressure accumulator 14 in the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 instead.
  • a block 32 After the ignition is switched on in a block 31, in a block 32, the pressure control valve 16 of the Control unit 12 is closed and the fuel pump 18 is switched on.
  • the switch valve 19 is also such controlled that the fuel delivered by the High-pressure pump 18 arrives at the pressure accumulator 14. This has overall result in the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 increases. As long as the ignition is switched on and the Starter of internal combustion engine 1 has not yet been actuated, this so-called lead 33 is maintained.
  • the minimum pressure prmin is a pressure the minimum necessary for the Internal combustion engine 1 are operated in the shift operation can.
  • the minimum pressure prmin is at least equal to or greater than the pressure at which blowing back out the combustion chamber 4 would take place in the pressure accumulator.
  • the Minimum pressure prmin is approximately in a range of approximately 8 bar to about 15 bar.
  • the min pressure prmin can be fixed in advance be specified. It is also possible to use the Minimum pressure prmin every time the Internal combustion engine 1 depending on the control unit 12 to determine the operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is lower than that Minimum pressure prmin, so is the fuel for starting of the internal combustion engine 1 during the intake phase in the Combustion chamber 4 injected.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is thus corresponding to two blocks 37 in homogeneous operation operated.
  • the injection timing and the injection amount for the homogeneous operation of that Control unit 12 is determined and the injection valves 10 and the spark plugs 11 correspondingly from the control unit 12 controlled.
  • a block 38 the speed of the internal combustion engine 1 compared to a starting threshold. Is the speed is greater than the starting threshold, so the starting of the Internal combustion engine 1 ended with a block 39. is on the other hand, the speed is lower than the starting threshold, so in a block 40 the pressure pr in the Pressure accumulator 14 measured, and then the process with block 36 continued.
  • control unit 12 determines in block 36, that the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than that Minimum pressure prmin, it means that the fuel is in the compression phase injected into the combustion chamber 4 can be. Thereupon the procedure will be in a Loop 41 continued.
  • the pressure is first in a block 42 pr in the pressure accumulator 14 with a so-called Hysteresis pressure compared to prhys.
  • the hysteresis pressure prhys is less than the minimum pressure prmin. It serves one Install hysteresis in loop 41. If the pressure drops pr in a multiple pass through loop 41 again below the minimum pressure prmin, the comparison in block 42 with the hysteresis pressure prhys for this is recognized by the control device 12.
  • control unit 12 within the loop 41 recognized that the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is smaller If prhys is the hysteresis pressure, then the Fuel in the intake phase in the combustion chamber 4 injected. It will then become the internal combustion engine 1 corresponding to blocks 37 ff. in homogeneous operation operated.
  • the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than the hysteresis pressure prhys, the Pressure pr compared with a maximum pressure prmax.
  • Maximum pressure prmax is the pressure that should be maximally present in the pressure accumulator 14.
  • a pressure control carried out the pressure pr on the Maximum pressure prmax limited.
  • this pressure control is it is possible that excess pressure in the pressure accumulator 14 is reduced in that the pressure control valve 16 is opened and / or that the fuel pump 22 and / or the high pressure pump 18 can be reduced in performance and / or that the changeover valve 19 switches over in this way is that the fuel delivered by the high pressure pump not in the pressure accumulator 14, but back in the Fuel tank 23 arrives.
  • a block 47 the speed of the internal combustion engine 1 compared with the starting threshold mentioned above. If the speed is greater than the starting threshold, then starting engine 1 with block 39 completed. On the other hand, the speed is lower than that Starting threshold, the block is again in a block 48 Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is measured, and it is then the process with block 42 of loop 41 continued.
  • the starting threshold mentioned is a speed at which starting the Internal combustion engine 1 in normal operation Internal combustion engine 1 is transferred. This speed can be predefined in advance. For example, the Speed is 500 revolutions per minute. Is also it is possible that this speed if necessary each time the Internal combustion engine 1 depending on the control unit 12 is determined by operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the described method in particular the operation of the Internal combustion engine 1 in homogeneous operation when the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is less than the minimum pressure prmin is not on starting the engine 1 limited, but can be very general in the operation of the Internal combustion engine 1 are applied.
  • all steps from block 36 in FIG. 3 can also during normal operation of internal combustion engine 1, if necessary be carried out continuously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1), especially for an automobile, said engine being fitted with an injection valve (9) enabling direct injection of fuel to be injected for combustion into a combustion chamber (4) during an intake phase and during a compression phase. A control device (12) is provided for controlling and/or regulating the mass of fuel injected into the combustion chamber (4). A pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure with which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (4). Fuel is injected by means of the control device (12) during the intake phase when pressure is lower than a predetermined minimum pressure.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem der für eine Verbrennung einzuspritzende Kraftstoff während einer Ansaugphase und während einer Verdichtungsphase direkt in einen Brennraum eingespritzt wird und bei dem der Druck ermittelt wird, mit dem der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt wird. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Einspritzventil, mit dem der für eine Verbrennung einzuspritzende Kraftstoff während einer Ansaugphase und während einer Verdichtungsphase direkt in einen Brennraum einspritzbar ist, und mit einem Steuergerät zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Startens der Brennkraftmaschine, und mit einem Drucksensor zur Messung des Drucks, mit dem der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt wird.The invention relates to a method for starting a Internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, at which is the fuel to be injected for combustion during a suction phase and during a Compression phase injected directly into a combustion chamber and at which the pressure is determined with which the Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. Furthermore The invention relates in particular to an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, with an injection valve, with the the fuel to be injected for combustion during during a suction phase and during a compression phase can be injected directly into a combustion chamber, and with a Control device for controlling and / or regulating the start the internal combustion engine, and with a pressure sensor Measurement of the pressure with which the fuel enters the combustion chamber is injected.

Ein System zur direkten Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine ist bspw. aus der DE-A-197 39 786 bekannt.A system for the direct injection of fuel into the Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is, for example, from DE-A-197 39 786 known.

Bei derartigen Systemen wird ein sogenannter Schichtbetrieb und ein sogenannter Homogenbetrieb unterschieden. Der Schichtbetrieb wird insbesondere bei kleineren Lasten verwendet, während der Homogenbetrieb bei größeren, an der Brennkraftmaschine anliegenden Lasten zur Anwendung kommt.In such systems, a so-called shift operation and a so-called homogeneous operation. The Shift operation is particularly important for smaller loads used during the homogeneous operation at larger, at the Internal loads applied to the internal combustion engine.

Im Schichtbetrieb wird der Kraftstoff während der Verdichtungsphase der Brennkraftmaschine in den Brennraum derart eingespritzt, daß sich im Zeitpunkt der Zündung eine Kraftstoffwolke in unmittelbarer Umgebung einer Zündkerze befindet. Diese Einspritzung kann auf unterschiedliche Weise erfolgen. So ist es möglich, daß die eingespritzte Kraftstoffwolke sich bereits während bzw. unmittelbar nach der Einspritzung bei der Zündkerze befindet und von dieser entzündet wird. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, daß die eingespritzte Kraftstoffwolke durch eine Ladungsbewegung zu der Zündkerze geführt und dann erst entzündet wird. Bei beiden Brennverfahren liegt keine gleichmäßige Kraftstoffverteilung vor, sondern eine Schichtladung.In shift operation, the fuel is used during the Compression phase of the internal combustion engine in the combustion chamber injected in such a way that a Cloud of fuel in the immediate vicinity of a spark plug located. This injection can be different Way. So it is possible that the injected Fuel cloud is already during or immediately after the injection is at the spark plug and from this is ignited. It is also possible that the injected cloud of fuel through a charge movement the spark plug is led and then ignited. at the two combustion processes are not uniform Fuel distribution before, but a stratified charge.

Der Vorteil des Schichtbetriebs liegt darin, daß dort mit einer sehr geringen Kraftstoffmenge die anliegenden kleineren Lasten von der Brennkraftmaschine ausgeführt werden können. Größere Lasten können allerdings nicht durch den Schichtbetrieb erfüllt werden.The advantage of shift operation is that there a very small amount of fuel smaller loads carried out by the internal combustion engine can be. However, larger loads cannot the shift operation can be fulfilled.

Im für derartige größere Lasten vorgesehenen Homogenbetrieb wird der Kraftstoff während der Ansaugphase der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt, so daß eine Verwirbelung und damit eine Verteilung des Kraftstoffs in dem Brennraum noch ohne weiteres erfolgen kann. Insoweit entspricht der Homogenbetrieb etwa der Betriebsweise von Brennkraftmaschinen, bei denen in herkömmlicher Weise Kraftstoff in das Ansaugrohr eingespritzt wird. Bei Bedarf kann auch bei kleineren Lasten der Homogenbetrieb eingesetzt werden.In homogeneous operation intended for such larger loads the fuel is during the intake phase of the Internal combustion engine injected so that a swirl and thus a distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber can still be done easily. To that extent corresponds to Homogeneous operation such as the operation of Internal combustion engines in the conventional way Fuel is injected into the intake pipe. If necessary can operate even with smaller loads be used.

Damit eine Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in der Verdichtungsphase der Brennkraftmaschine, also im Schichtbetrieb stattfinden kann, ist es ganz allgemein erforderlich, daß ein hoher Druck für diese Einspritzung vorhanden ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so besteht die Möglichkeit eines sogenanten Zurückblasens von verbranntem Gemisch der vorhergehenden Verbrennung sowie von angesaugter Verbrennungsluft aus dem Brennraum zurück in den Druckspeicher.So that an injection of fuel in the Compression phase of the internal combustion engine, i.e. in Shift work can take place, it is very general required a high pressure for this injection is available. If this is not the case, there is Possibility of blowing back burned Mixture of previous combustion as well as of sucked in combustion air from the combustion chamber back in the accumulator.

Nach einem Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine ist üblicherweise der für den Schichtbetrieb erforderliche hohe Druck nicht vorhanden. Aus diesem Grund kann beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine nicht sofort in den Schichtbetrieb geschaltet werden, obwohl dies aus Gründen insbesondere der Kraftstoffeinsparung wünschenswert wäre.After the internal combustion engine has come to a standstill usually the high one required for shift operation No pressure. For this reason, when starting the internal combustion engine does not immediately start in shift operation be switched, although for reasons of particular Saving fuel would be desirable.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, mit denen das beschriebene Zurückblasen ganz allgemein vermieden wird, und mit denen insbesondere ein möglichst kraftstoffsparendes Starten der Brennkraftmaschine möglich ist.The object of the invention is a method for starting an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine create with which the described blowing back completely is generally avoided, and with which in particular a as fuel-saving as possible starting the Internal combustion engine is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß beim Starten der Druck aufgebaut wird, daß der Kraftstoff während der Ansaugphase eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck kleiner ist als ein vorgebbarer Minimaldruck und daß der Kraftstoff während der Verdichtungsphase eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck größer ist als der vorgebbare Minimaldruck. Bei einer Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß beim Starten der Druck aufgebaut wird, daß durch das Steuergerät der Kraftstoff während der Ansaugphase eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck kleiner ist als ein vorgebbarer Minimaldruck, und daß durch das Steuergerät der Kraftstoff während der Verdichtungsphase eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck größer ist als der vorgebbare Minimaldruck. This task is initiated in a procedure mentioned type according to the invention solved in that Start the pressure that builds up the fuel is injected during the priming phase when the pressure is smaller than a predeterminable minimum pressure and that the Fuel is injected during the compression phase, if the pressure is greater than the predefinable minimum pressure. In an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned The object is achieved in that when Start the pressure that is built up by the control unit the fuel is injected during the induction phase, if the pressure is less than a predefinable one Minimum pressure, and that by the control unit of the fuel is injected during the compression phase when the Pressure is greater than the specifiable minimum pressure.

Damit wird gewährleistet, daß bei einem zu niedrigen Druck nicht in den Schichtbetrieb geschaltet wird, sondern daß in diesem Fall die Brennkraftmaschine im Homogenbetrieb betrieben wird. Ganz allgemein und insbesondere beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine wird auf diese Weise erreicht, daß ein Zurückblasen von verbranntem Gemisch aus dem Brennraum zurück in den Druckspeicher sicher vermieden wird. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch unter anderem beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine aufgrund der Einspritzungen in der Ansaugphase und der daraus resultierenden ersten Zündungen der Brennkraftmaschine der Druck in dem Druckspeicher weiter vergrößert, so daß der genannte Druck relativ schnell anwächst und den für den Schichtbetrieb erforderlichen hohen Druck erreicht.This ensures that if the pressure is too low is not switched to shift operation, but that in in this case the internal combustion engine in homogeneous operation is operated. In general and in particular with Starting the internal combustion engine is done in this way achieves a blow back of burned mixture the combustion chamber back into the pressure accumulator safely avoided becomes. At the same time, however, when starting the internal combustion engine due to the injections in the Intake phase and the resulting first ignitions the internal combustion engine the pressure in the pressure accumulator further enlarged so that the pressure mentioned is relative grows quickly and for shift work required high pressure reached.

Hat beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine der Druck in dem Druckspeicher den hohen Wert erreicht, so wird die Brennkraftmaschine im Schichtbetrieb betrieben. Dies bringt den Vorteil der Kraftstoffeinsparung und Schadstoffreduktion.Has the pressure in the engine when starting the engine Pressure accumulator reaches the high value, so the Internal combustion engine operated in shift operation. This brings the advantage of saving fuel and Pollutant reduction.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Kraftstoff wieder während der Ansaugphase eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck kleiner ist als ein vorgebbarer Hysteresedruck, wobei der Hysteresedruck kleiner ist als der Minimaldruck. Auf diese Weise wird eine Hystere aufgebaut, die ein ständig aufeinanderfolgendes Hin- und Herschalten zwischen dem Schicht- und dem Homogenbetrieb im Bereich des Minimaldrucks sicher vermeidet.It is advantageous if the fuel again during the Intake phase is injected when the pressure is lower as a predeterminable hysteresis pressure, the Hysteresis pressure is less than the minimum pressure. To this A hysteria is built up in a way that constantly successive switching back and forth between the Shift and homogeneous operation in the area of Avoids minimum pressure safely.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird der Druck, mit dem der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt wird, auf einen Maximaldruck gesteuert und/oder geregelt. Dies stellt eine Druckregelung des Drucks in dem Druckspeicher dar, mit der dieser Druck auf den Maximaldruck begrenzt wird. In an advantageous development of the invention the pressure at which the fuel enters the combustion chamber is injected, controlled to a maximum pressure and / or regulated. This represents a pressure control of the Pressure in the pressure accumulator with which this pressure the maximum pressure is limited.

Wichtig ist, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren allgemein bei dem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet werden kann. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beim Starten der Brennnkraftmaschine, insbesondere wenn die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine kleiner ist als eine vorgebbare Startende-Schwelle. Durch dieser Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens während des Startens der Brennkraftmaschine kann ein aus einem anfänglichen Homogenbetrieb und nachfolgenden Schichtbetrieb kombinierter Startvorgang erzeugt werden, der die Nachteile des Homogenbetriebs, insbesondere dessen hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch, auf ein Minimum reduziert, und der gleichzeitig die Vorteile des Schichtbetriebs möglichst frühezeitig zur Geltung bringt.It is important that the process according to the invention is general be used in the operation of the internal combustion engine can. The use of the is particularly advantageous inventive method when starting the Internal combustion engine, especially if the speed of the Internal combustion engine is smaller than a specifiable Start End threshold. By using this inventive method while starting the Internal combustion engine can be an initial Homogeneous operation and subsequent shift operation combined startup process are generated, which has the disadvantages of homogeneous operation, especially its high level Fuel consumption, reduced to a minimum, and the at the same time, the advantages of shift operation if possible early on.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in der Form eines Steuerelements, das für ein Steuergerät einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist auf dem Steuerelement ein Programm zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens abgespeichert, das auf einem Rechengerät, insbesondere auf einem Mikroprozessor, ablauffähig ist. In diesem Fall wird also die Erfindung durch ein auf dem Steuerelement abgespeichertes Programm realisiert, so daß dieses mit dem Programm versehene Steuerelement in gleicher Weise die Erfindung darstellt wie das Verfahren, zu dessen Ausführung das Programm geeignet ist. Als Steuerelement kann insbesondere ein elektrisches Speichermedium zur Anwendung kommen, beispielsweise ein Read-Only-Memory.The realization of the inventive method in the form of a Control for a control unit one Internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, is provided. Doing so is on the control Program for executing the method according to the invention, which is stored on a computing device, particularly executable on a microprocessor is. In this case, the invention is based on a Control stored program realized so that this control provided with the program in the same The invention represents how the method for its Execution the program is suitable. As a control can in particular be an electrical storage medium for Use, for example, a read-only memory.

Weitere Merkmale, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen oder dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung sowie unabhängig von ihrer Formulierung bzw. Darstellung in der Beschreibung bzw. in der Zeichnung.

Figur 1
zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine,
Figur 2
zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Kraftstoffversorgungssystems für die Brennkraftmaschine der Figur 1, und
Figur 3
zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Ablaufdiagramms entsprechend einem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Further features, possible applications and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are shown in the figures of the drawing. All of the described or illustrated features, alone or in any combination, form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the patent claims or their relationship, and regardless of their wording or representation in the description or in the drawing.
Figure 1
shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of an internal combustion engine according to the invention,
Figure 2
shows a schematic block diagram of a fuel supply system for the internal combustion engine of Figure 1, and
Figure 3
shows a schematic representation of a flow chart according to an embodiment of the inventive method.

In der Figur 1 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt, bei der ein Kolben 2 in einem Zylinder 3 hin- und herbewegbar ist. Der Zylinder 3 ist mit einem Brennraum 4 versehen, der unter anderem durch den Kolben 2, ein Einlaßventil 5 und ein Auslaßventil 6 begrenzt ist. Mit dem Einlaßventil 5 ist ein Ansaugrohr 7 und mit dem Auslaßventil 6 ist ein Abgasrohr 8 gekoppelt.In FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine 1 is one Motor vehicle shown, in which a piston 2 in one Cylinder 3 can be moved back and forth. The cylinder 3 is with a combustion chamber 4 provided, inter alia, by the Piston 2, an inlet valve 5 and an outlet valve 6 is limited. With the inlet valve 5 is an intake pipe 7 and an exhaust pipe 8 is coupled to the exhaust valve 6.

In dem Ansaugrohr 7 ist eine drehbare Drosselklappe 9 untergebracht, über die dem Ansaugrohr 7 Luft zuführbar ist. Die Menge der zugeführten Luft ist abhängig von der Winkelstellung der Drosselklappe 9.In the intake pipe 7 there is a rotatable throttle valve 9 housed, through which the intake pipe 7 air can be supplied is. The amount of air supplied depends on the Throttle valve angular position 9.

Dem Zylinder 3 ist ein Einspritzventil 10 zugeordnet, mit dem Kraftstoff in den Brennraum 4 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eingespritzt werden kann. Ebenfalls ist eine Zündkerze 11 dem Zylinder 3 zugeordnet, mit der der eingespritzte Kraftstoff entzündet werden kann. An injector 10 is associated with the cylinder 3, with the fuel into the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 can be injected. There is also a spark plug 11 assigned to the cylinder 3 with which the injected Fuel can be ignited.

In einem sogenannten Schichtbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1, wird die Drosselklappe 9 weit geöffnet. Der Kraftstoff wird von dem Einspritzventil 10 während einer durch den Kolben 2 hervorgerufenen Verdichtungsphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt, und zwar örtlich in die unmittelbare Umgebung der Zündkerze 11 sowie zeitlich in geeignetem Abstand vor dem Zündzeitpunkt. Dann wird mit Hilfe der Zündkerze 11 der Kraftstoff entzündet, so daß der Kolben 2 in der nunmehr folgenden Arbeitsphase durch die Ausdehnung des entzündeten Kraftstoffs angetrieben wird.In a so-called shift operation of the internal combustion engine 1, the throttle valve 9 is opened wide. The fuel is from the injector 10 during a through the Piston 2 caused compression phase in the combustion chamber 4 injected, locally into the immediate Environment of the spark plug 11 and in time in a suitable Distance before the ignition point. Then with the help of Spark plug 11 ignites the fuel so that the piston 2 in the work phase that now follows due to the expansion of the ignited fuel is driven.

In einem sogenannten Homogenbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 wird die Drosselklappe 9 in Abhängigkeit von der erwünschten, zugeführten Luftmasse teilweise geöffnet bzw. geschlossen. Der Kraftstoff wird von dem Einspritzventil 10 während einer durch den Kolben 2 hervorgerufenen Ansaugphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt. Durch die gleichzeitig angesaugte Luft wird der eingespritzte Kraftstoff verwirbelt und damit in dem Brennraum 4 im wesentlichen gleichmäßig verteilt. Danach wird das Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch während der Verdichtungsphase verdichtet, um dann von der Zündkerze 11 entzündet zu werden. Durch die Ausdehnung des entzündeten Kraftstoffs wird der Kolben 2 angetrieben.In a so-called homogeneous operation of the internal combustion engine 1, the throttle valve 9 is dependent on the desired, supplied air mass partially opened or closed. The fuel is supplied from the injection valve 10 during one caused by the piston 2 Intake phase injected into the combustion chamber 4. Through the air that is sucked in at the same time becomes injected Fuel swirls and thus in the combustion chamber 4 in essentially evenly distributed. After that it will Air / fuel mixture during the compression phase compressed to then ignited by the spark plug 11 become. Due to the expansion of the ignited fuel the piston 2 is driven.

Die im Schichtbetrieb und im Homogenbetrieb von dem Einspritzventil 10 in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzte Kraftstoffmasse wird von einem Steuergerät 12 insbesondere im Hinblick auf einen geringen Kraftstoffverbrauch und/oder eine geringe Schadstoffentwicklung gesteuert und/oder geregelt. Zu diesem Zweck ist das Steuergerät 12 mit einem Mikroprozessor versehen, der in einem Speichermedium, insbesondere in einem Read-Only-Memory ein Programm abgespeichert hat, das dazu geeignet ist, die genannte Steuerung und/oder Regelung durchzuführen. The in the shift operation and in the homogeneous operation of the Injection valve 10 injected into the combustion chamber 4 Fuel mass is in particular from a control unit 12 with a view to low fuel consumption and / or controlled low pollutant development and / or regulated. For this purpose, the control device 12 is equipped with a Microprocessor provided in a storage medium, a program in particular in a read-only memory has saved, which is suitable for the named Control and / or regulation to perform.

Das Steuergerät 12 ist von Eingangssignalen beaufschlagt, die mittels Sensoren gemessene Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 darstellen. Beispielsweise ist das Steuergerät 12 mit einem Luftmassensensor, einem Lambda-Sensor und einem Drehzahlsensor verbunden. Des weiteren ist das Steuergerät 12 mit einem Fahrpedalsensor verbunden, der ein Signal erzeugt, das die Stellung eines von einem Fahrer betätigbaren Fahrpedals angibt. Das Steuergerät 12 erzeugt Ausgangssignale, mit denen über Aktoren das Verhalten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 entsprechend der erwünschten Steuerung und/oder Regelung beeinflußt werden kann. Beispielsweise ist das Steuergerät 12 mit dem Einspritzventil 10, der Zündkerze 11 und der Drosselklappe 9 verbunden und erzeugt die zu deren Ansteuerung erforderlichen Signale.The control device 12 is acted upon by input signals, the operating variables measured by sensors Represent internal combustion engine 1. For example, that is Control unit 12 with an air mass sensor, a lambda sensor and connected to a speed sensor. Furthermore is the control unit 12 is connected to an accelerator pedal sensor which generates a signal indicating the position of a driver actuatable accelerator pedal indicates. The control device 12 generates Output signals with which the behavior of the Internal combustion engine 1 according to the desired control and / or regulation can be influenced. For example is the control unit 12 with the injection valve 10, the Spark plug 11 and the throttle valve 9 connected and generated the signals required to control them.

In der Figur 2 ist ein Kraftstoffversorgungssystem 13 dargestellt, das für die Verwendung bei der Brennkraftmaschine 1 vorgesehen ist. Bei dem Kraftstoffversorgungssystem 13 handelt es sich um ein sogenanntes Common-Rail-System, das insbesondere bei einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung zur Anwendung kommt.FIG. 2 shows a fuel supply system 13 shown for use in Internal combustion engine 1 is provided. In which Fuel supply system 13 is a so-called common rail system, which is particularly in one Internal combustion engine with direct injection for use comes.

Das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem 13 weist einen Druckspeicher 14 auf, der mit einem Drucksensor 15 und einem Drucksteuerventil 16 versehen ist. Der Druckspeicher 14 ist über eine Druckleitung 17 mit einer Hochdruckpumpe 18 verbunden. In der Druckleitung 17 ist ein Umschaltventil 19 zwischengeschaltet, das in einem Normalzustand die Hochdruckpumpe 18 mit dem Druckspeicher 14 verbindet. Die Hochdruckpumpe 18 ist über eine Druckleitung 20 an das Drucksteuerventil 16 angeschlossen ist. Über eine Druckleitung 21 und ein Filter ist das Drucksteuerventil 16 und damit auch die Hochdruckpumpe 18 mit einer Kraftstoffpumpe 22 verbunden, die dazu geeignet ist, Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter 23 anzusaugen. Über eine Leitung 24 ist das Umschaltventil 19 mit dem Kraftstoffbehälter 23 verbunden.The fuel supply system 13 has one Pressure accumulator 14 on with a pressure sensor 15 and a pressure control valve 16 is provided. The accumulator 14 is via a pressure line 17 with a high pressure pump 18 connected. In the pressure line 17 is a changeover valve 19 interposed, the in a normal state High pressure pump 18 connects to the pressure accumulator 14. The High pressure pump 18 is connected to the via a pressure line 20 Pressure control valve 16 is connected. Over a Pressure line 21 and a filter is the pressure control valve 16 and thus also the high pressure pump 18 with a Fuel pump 22 connected, which is suitable Suck fuel from a fuel tank 23. about a line 24 is the switching valve 19 with the Fuel tank 23 connected.

Das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem 13 weist vier Einspritzventile 10 auf, die über Druckleitungen 25 mit dem Druckspeicher 14 verbunden sind. Die Einspritzventile 10 sind dazu geeignet, Kraftstoff in die Brennräume 4 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 einzuspritzen. Dort wird der Kraftstoff mittels der Zündkerzen 11 entzündet.The fuel supply system 13 has four Injectors 10 on the pressure lines 25 with the Pressure accumulator 14 are connected. The injectors 10 are suitable for fuel in the combustion chambers 4 of the Inject internal combustion engine 1. There the Fuel ignited by means of the spark plugs 11.

Mittels einer Signalleitung 26 ist der Drucksensor 15 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden, an das des weiteren eine Mehrzahl anderer Signalleitungen als Eingangsleitungen angeschlossen sind. Mittels einer Signalleitung 27 ist die Kraftstoffpumpe 22 und über eine Signalleitung 28 ist das Drucksteuerventil 16 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch die Hochdruckpumpe 18 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden sein. Des weiteren sind die Einspritzventile 10 mittels Signalleitungen 29 an das Steuergerät 12 angeschlossen. Schließlich ist das Umschaltventil 19 über eine Signalleitung 30 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden.The pressure sensor 15 is connected by means of a signal line 26 connected to the control unit 12, to which further one A plurality of signal lines other than input lines are connected. By means of a signal line 27 Fuel pump 22 and via a signal line 28 is that Pressure control valve 16 connected to the control unit 12. Alternatively or additionally, the high pressure pump 18 can also be used be connected to the control unit 12. Furthermore are the injection valves 10 by means of signal lines 29 to the Control unit 12 connected. After all, it is Switch valve 19 via a signal line 30 with the Control unit 12 connected.

Der mit dem Drucksensor 15 gemessene und auf der Signalleitung 26 anliegende Druck in dem Druckspeicher 14 ist in der Figur 2 mit pr bezeichnet. Bei diesem Druck pr handelt es sich um denjenigen Druck, mit dem der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum 4 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eingespritzt wird.The measured with the pressure sensor 15 and on the Signal line 26 applied pressure in the pressure accumulator 14 is denoted by pr in FIG. At this pressure pr is the pressure at which the fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 becomes.

Der Kraftstoff wird von der Kraftstoffpumpe 2 aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter 23 zu der Hochdruckpumpe 18 gepumpt. Mit Hilfe der Hochdruckpumpe 18 wird in dem Druckspeicher 14 der Druck pr erzeugt, der von dem Drucksensor 15 gemessen wird und durch eine entsprechende Betätigung des Drucksteuerventils 16 und/oder Steuerung der Kraftstoffpumpe 22 bzw. Hochdruckpumpe 18 auf einen gewünschten Wert eingestellt wird. Über die Einspritzventile 10 wird der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum 4 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eingespritzt.The fuel is from the fuel pump 2 from the Fuel tank 23 pumped to the high pressure pump 18. With The high-pressure pump 18 is used in the pressure accumulator 14 generates the pressure pr measured by the pressure sensor 15 is and by a corresponding actuation of the Pressure control valve 16 and / or control of Fuel pump 22 or high pressure pump 18 on one desired value is set. About the Injectors 10, the fuel in the combustion chamber 4th the internal combustion engine 1 injected.

Für die Bemessung der in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge bzw. Kraftstoffmasse ist unter anderem der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 wesentlich. Je größer der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 ist, desto mehr Kraftstoff wird während derselben Einspritzzeit in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt. Beispielsweise zur Erfüllung einer von der Brennkraftmaschine 1 geforderten vollen Last ist der genannte hohe Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 eine wesentliche Voraussetzung.For the dimensioning of the injected into the combustion chamber 4 Fuel quantity or fuel mass is, among others, the Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is essential. The bigger the Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14, the more fuel is in the combustion chamber 4 during the same injection time injected. For example, to meet one of the Internal combustion engine 1 required full load is the called high pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 a essential requirement.

Ein hoher Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 ist ebenfalls erforderlich, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine 1 im Schichtbetrieb betrieben werden soll, wenn also Kraftstoff in der Verdichtungsphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt werden soll. Ist dabei kein ausreichend hoher Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 vorhanden, so tritt ein sogenanntes Zurückblasen auf, bei dem aufgrund der Verdichtungsphase und des daraus resultierenden Drucks in dem Brennraum 4 dort von der letzten Verbrennung verbliebenes verbranntes Gemisch der vorhergehenden Verbrennung sowie von angesaugter Verbrennungsluft aus dem Brennraum 4 in den Druckspeicher 14 zurückgedrückt wird. Nur wenn der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 größer ist als der bei der Verdichtungsphase entstehende Druck in dem Brennraum 4, findet tatsächlich eine Einspritzung von Kraftstoff aus dem Druckspeicher 14 in den Brennraum 4 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 statt.A high pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is also required if the internal combustion engine 1 in Shift operation is to be carried out when fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 in the compression phase shall be. If the pressure is not sufficiently high pr in the pressure accumulator 14, so-called occurs Blow back on, due to the compression phase and the resulting pressure in the combustion chamber 4 there burned from the last burn Mixture of previous combustion as well as of sucked combustion air from the combustion chamber 4 in the Pressure accumulator 14 is pushed back. Only if the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than that in the Compression phase resulting pressure in the combustion chamber 4, actually finds an injection of fuel from the Pressure accumulator 14 in the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 instead.

Ein derartiger hoher Druck pr ist insbesondere nach einem Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine 1 üblicherweise nicht in dem Druckspeicher 14 vorhanden. Aus diesem Grund kann beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zumindest nicht ohne weiteres sofort in den Schichtbetrieb geschaltet werden.Such a high pressure pr is especially after The internal combustion engine 1 is usually not at a standstill the pressure accumulator 14 available. For this reason, when At least not without starting the internal combustion engine 1 be switched to shift operation immediately.

Von dem Steuergerät 12 wird das nachfolgend anhand der Figur 3 beschriebene Verfahren zum Betreiben der Brennkraftmaschine 1 durchgeführt, das dazu vorgesehen ist, das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. Es wird davon ausgegangen, daß die Brennkraftmaschine 1 sich im Stillstand befindet und der Druck pr im Druckspeicher 14 gering ist.From the control unit 12, this is subsequently based on the Figure 3 described method for operating the Internal combustion engine 1 performed, which is provided to control and / or to start the internal combustion engine regulate. It is assumed that the Internal combustion engine 1 is at a standstill and Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is low.

Nachdem in einem Block 31 die Zündung eingeschaltet wird, wird in einem Block 32 das Drucksteuerventil 16 von dem Steuergerät 12 geschlossen und die Kraftstoffpumpe 18 wird eingeschaltet. Ebenfalls wird das Umschaltventil 19 derart gesteuert, daß der geförderte Kraftstoff von der Hochdruckpumpe 18 zu dem Druckspeicher 14 gelangt. Dies hat insgesamt zur Folge, daß der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 ansteigt. Solange die Zündung eingeschaltet und der Anlasser der Brennkraftmaschine 1 noch nicht betätigt ist, wird dieser sogenannte Vorlauf 33 aufrechterhalten.After the ignition is switched on in a block 31, in a block 32, the pressure control valve 16 of the Control unit 12 is closed and the fuel pump 18 is switched on. The switch valve 19 is also such controlled that the fuel delivered by the High-pressure pump 18 arrives at the pressure accumulator 14. this has overall result in the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 increases. As long as the ignition is switched on and the Starter of internal combustion engine 1 has not yet been actuated, this so-called lead 33 is maintained.

Wird entsprechend einem Block 34 der Anlasser der Brennkraftmaschine 1 betätigt, so wird der genannte Vorlauf 33 abgebrochen, und es wird in einem Block 35 der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 gemessen. Danach wird in einem Block 36 der Druck pr mit einem Minimaldruck prmin verglichen.According to a block 34 of the starter Internal combustion engine 1 is actuated, the aforementioned lead 33 canceled, and the pressure pr measured in the pressure accumulator 14. Then in one Block 36 the pressure pr with a minimum pressure prmin compared.

Bei dem Minimaldruck prmin handelt es sich um einen Druck, der mindestens erforderlich ist, damit die Brennkraftmaschine 1 in dem Schichtbetrieb betrieben werden kann. Der Minimaldruck prmin ist also zumindest gleich oder größer als derjenige Druck, bei dem ein Zurückblasen aus dem Brennraum 4 in den Druckspeicher stattfinden würde. Der Minimaldruck prmin liegt etwa in einem Bereich von etwa 8 bar bis etwa 15 bar. Der Minmaldruck prmin kann vorab fest vorgegeben werden. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, den Minimaldruck prmin ggf bei jedem Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 von dem Steuergerät 12 in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu ermitteln.The minimum pressure prmin is a pressure the minimum necessary for the Internal combustion engine 1 are operated in the shift operation can. The minimum pressure prmin is at least equal to or greater than the pressure at which blowing back out the combustion chamber 4 would take place in the pressure accumulator. The Minimum pressure prmin is approximately in a range of approximately 8 bar to about 15 bar. The min pressure prmin can be fixed in advance be specified. It is also possible to use the Minimum pressure prmin every time the Internal combustion engine 1 depending on the control unit 12 to determine the operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1.

Ist der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 kleiner als der Minimaldruck prmin, so wird der Kraftstoff für das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 während der Ansaugphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt. Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 wird also entsprechend zweier Blöcke 37 im Homogenbetrieb betrieben. Zu diesem Zweck werden der Einspritzzeitpunkt und die Einspritzmenge für den Homogenbetrieb von dem Steuergerät 12 ermittelt und es werden die Einspritzventile 10 und die Zündkerzen 11 entsprechend von dem Steuergerät 12 angesteuert.If the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is lower than that Minimum pressure prmin, so is the fuel for starting of the internal combustion engine 1 during the intake phase in the Combustion chamber 4 injected. The internal combustion engine 1 is thus corresponding to two blocks 37 in homogeneous operation operated. For this purpose, the injection timing and the injection amount for the homogeneous operation of that Control unit 12 is determined and the injection valves 10 and the spark plugs 11 correspondingly from the control unit 12 controlled.

In einem Block 38 wird die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit einer Startende-Schwelle verglichen. Ist die Drehzahl größer als die Startende-Schwelle, so wird das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit einem Block 39 beendet. Ist hingegen die Drehzahl kleiner als die Startende-Schwelle, so wird erneut in einem Block 40 der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 gemessen, und es wird danach das Verfahren mit dem Block 36 fortgesetzt.In a block 38, the speed of the internal combustion engine 1 compared to a starting threshold. Is the speed is greater than the starting threshold, so the starting of the Internal combustion engine 1 ended with a block 39. is on the other hand, the speed is lower than the starting threshold, so in a block 40 the pressure pr in the Pressure accumulator 14 measured, and then the process with block 36 continued.

Damit ist es möglich, daß in einem Extremfall die Brennkraftmaschine 1 vollständig im Homogenbetrieb gestartet wird. Üblicherweise wird jedoch nur während einer anfänglichen Zeitdauer, insbesondere nur während weniger Umdrehungen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 der Homogenbetrieb beibehalten, da danach der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 derart angestiegen ist, daß die Brennkraftmaschine 1 wie nachfolgend beschrieben im Schichtbetrieb gestartet werden kann. It is possible that in an extreme case Internal combustion engine 1 completely in homogeneous operation is started. Usually, however, only during one initial period, especially only during less Revolutions of the internal combustion engine 1 the homogeneous operation maintained since thereafter the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 has risen such that the internal combustion engine 1 as described below in shift operation can.

Wird in dem Block 36 von dem Steuergerät 12 festgestellt, daß der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 größer ist als der Minimaldruck prmin, so bedeutet dies, daß der Kraftstoff in der Verdichtungsphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt werden kann. Es wird das Verfahren daraufhin in einer Schleife 41 fortgesetzt.If control unit 12 determines in block 36, that the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than that Minimum pressure prmin, it means that the fuel is in the compression phase injected into the combustion chamber 4 can be. Thereupon the procedure will be in a Loop 41 continued.

In der Schleife 41 wird zuerst in einem Block 42 der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 mit einem sogenannten Hysteresedruck prhys verglichen. Der Hysteresdruck prhys ist kleiner als der Minimaldruck prmin. Er dient dazu, eine Hysterese in der Schleife 41 einzubauen. Sinkt der Druck pr bei einem mehrfachen Durchlauf durch die Schleife 41 wieder unter den Minimaldruck prmin ab, so sorgt der Vergleich in dem Block 42 mit dem Hysteresedruck prhys dafür, daß dies von dem Steuergerät 12 erkannt wird.In the loop 41, the pressure is first in a block 42 pr in the pressure accumulator 14 with a so-called Hysteresis pressure compared to prhys. The hysteresis pressure prhys is less than the minimum pressure prmin. It serves one Install hysteresis in loop 41. If the pressure drops pr in a multiple pass through loop 41 again below the minimum pressure prmin, the comparison in block 42 with the hysteresis pressure prhys for this is recognized by the control device 12.

Wird also von dem Steuergerät 12 innerhalb der Schleife 41 erkannt, daß der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 kleiner ist als der Hysteresedruck prhys, so wird danach der Kraftstoff in der Ansaugphase in den Brennraum 4 eingespritzt. Es wird also danach die Brennkraftmaschine 1 entsprechend den Blöcken 37 ff. im Homogenbetrieb betrieben.Thus, the control unit 12 within the loop 41 recognized that the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is smaller If prhys is the hysteresis pressure, then the Fuel in the intake phase in the combustion chamber 4 injected. It will then become the internal combustion engine 1 corresponding to blocks 37 ff. in homogeneous operation operated.

Ist jedoch der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 größer als der Hysteresedruck prhys, so wird in einem Block 43 der Druck pr mit einem Maximaldruck prmax verglichen. Bei dem Maximaldruck prmax handelt es sich um denjenigen Druck, der maximal in dem Druckspeicher 14 vorhanden sein sollte.However, the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than the hysteresis pressure prhys, the Pressure pr compared with a maximum pressure prmax. In which Maximum pressure prmax is the pressure that should be maximally present in the pressure accumulator 14.

Ist der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 kleiner als der Maximaldruck prmax, so wird das Drucksteuerventil 16 durch einen Block 44 derart angesteuert, daß der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 weiterhin ansteigt. Insbesondere wird das Drucksteuerventil 16 weiterhin geschlossen gehalten, um den Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 aufzubauen.If the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is lower than that Maximum pressure prmax, so the pressure control valve 16 through a block 44 controlled so that the pressure pr in the Pressure accumulator 14 continues to rise. In particular, it will Pressure control valve 16 continues to be closed to the Build up pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14.

Ist der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 größer als der Maximaldruck prmax, so wird daraufhin durch einen Block 45 eine Druckregelung durchgeführt, die den Druck pr auf den Maximaldruck prmax begrenzt. Bei dieser Druckregelung ist es möglich, daß überschüssiger Druck in dem Druckspeicher 14 dadurch abgebaut wird, daß das Drucksteuerventil 16 geöffnet wird und/oder daß die Kraftstoffpumpe 22 und/oder die Hochdruckpumpe 18 in ihrer Leistung vermindert werden und/oder daß das Umschaltventil 19 derart umgeschaltet wird, daß der von der Hochdruckpumpe geförderte Kraftstoff nicht in den Druckspeicher 14, sondern zurück in den Kraftstoffbehälter 23 gelangt.If the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is greater than that Maximum pressure prmax is then determined by a block 45 a pressure control carried out, the pressure pr on the Maximum pressure prmax limited. With this pressure control is it is possible that excess pressure in the pressure accumulator 14 is reduced in that the pressure control valve 16 is opened and / or that the fuel pump 22 and / or the high pressure pump 18 can be reduced in performance and / or that the changeover valve 19 switches over in this way is that the fuel delivered by the high pressure pump not in the pressure accumulator 14, but back in the Fuel tank 23 arrives.

Nach Durchlauf durch den Block 44 oder den Block 45 wird der Kraftstoff durch das Steuergerät 12 während der Verdichtungsphase in den Brennraum eingespritzt. Es wird die Brennkraftmaschine 1 also entpsrechend zweier Blöcke 46 im Schichtbetrieb betrieben. Hierzu werden der Einspritzzeitpunkt und die Einspritzmenge von dem Steuergerät 12 ermittelt und es werden von dem Steuergerät 12 die Einspritzventile 10 und die Zündkerzen 11 entpsrechend angesteuert.After passing through block 44 or block 45 the fuel through the controller 12 during the Compression phase injected into the combustion chamber. It will the internal combustion engine 1 thus corresponds to two blocks 46 operated in shifts. For this, the Injection timing and the injection quantity of that Control unit 12 is determined and the control unit 12 the injection valves 10 and the spark plugs 11 controlled accordingly.

In einem Block 47 wird die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit der bereits erwähnten Startende-Schwelle verglichen. Ist die Drehzahl größer als die Startende-Schwelle, so wird das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit dem Block 39 beendet. Ist hingegen die Drehzahl kleiner als die Startende-Schwelle, so wird erneut in einem Block 48 der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 gemessen, und es wird danach das Verfahren mit dem Block 42 der Schleife 41 fortgesetzt.In a block 47 the speed of the internal combustion engine 1 compared with the starting threshold mentioned above. If the speed is greater than the starting threshold, then starting engine 1 with block 39 completed. On the other hand, the speed is lower than that Starting threshold, the block is again in a block 48 Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is measured, and it is then the process with block 42 of loop 41 continued.

Bei der erwähnten Startende-Schwelle handelt es sich um eine Drehzahl, bei der von dem Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 in einen normalen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 übergegegangen wird. Diese Drehzahl kann vorab fest vorgegeben werden. Beispielsweise kann die Drehzahl 500 Umdrehungen pro Minute betragen. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, daß diese Drehzahl ggf bei jedem Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 von dem Steuergerät 12 in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ermittelt wird.The starting threshold mentioned is a speed at which starting the Internal combustion engine 1 in normal operation Internal combustion engine 1 is transferred. This speed can be predefined in advance. For example, the Speed is 500 revolutions per minute. Is also it is possible that this speed if necessary each time the Internal combustion engine 1 depending on the control unit 12 is determined by operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1.

Mittels der Schleife 41 ist es somit möglich, die Brennkraftmaschine 1 im Schichtbetrieb zu starten Dadurch entsteht ein kombiniertes Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zuerst im Homogenbetrieb und dann im Schichtbetrieb. Gleichzeitig ist gewährleistet, daß bei einem zu geringen Druck pr im Druckspeicher 14 sofort wieder auf den Homogenbetrieb zurückgeschaltet wird.By means of the loop 41 it is thus possible to This starts internal combustion engine 1 in shift operation there is a combined starting of the internal combustion engine 1 first in homogeneous operation and then in shift operation. At the same time, it is guaranteed that if one is too small Pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 immediately on the Homogeneous operation is switched back.

Wird nach einem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 dieselbe wieder in den Stillstand versetzt, so ist es möglich, das Umschaltventil 19 derart zu steuern, daß keine Verbindung mehr besteht zwischen dem Druckspeicher 14 und der Hochdruckpumpe 18 oder dem Kraftstoffbehälter 23. Des weiteren kann dann das Drucksteuerventil 16 geschlossen werden. Auf diese Weise wird der Druckspeicher 14 abgeriegelt bzw. verschlossen. Damit bleibt der von dem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 herrührende hohe Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 über längere Zeit, ggf. bis zu einem nächsten Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 erhalten.Is the same after operation of the internal combustion engine 1 brought to a standstill again, so it is possible that Control switch valve 19 so that no connection there is more between the pressure accumulator 14 and the High pressure pump 18 or the fuel tank 23. Des the pressure control valve 16 can then be closed become. In this way, the pressure accumulator 14 sealed off or closed. That leaves him with that Operation of the internal combustion engine 1 resulting high pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 for a long time, possibly up to receive a next start of the internal combustion engine 1.

Das beschriebene Verfahren, insbesondere das Betreiben der Brennkraftmaschine 1 im Homogenbetrieb, wenn der Druck pr in dem Druckspeicher 14 kleiner ist als der Minimaldruck prmin ist nicht auf das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 beschränkt, sondern kann ganz allgemein bei dem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 angewendet werden. Insbesondere sämtliche Schritte ab dem Block 36 der Figur 3 können auch bei einem normalen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ggf. fortlaufend durchgeführt werden.The described method, in particular the operation of the Internal combustion engine 1 in homogeneous operation when the pressure pr in the pressure accumulator 14 is less than the minimum pressure prmin is not on starting the engine 1 limited, but can be very general in the operation of the Internal combustion engine 1 are applied. In particular all steps from block 36 in FIG. 3 can also during normal operation of internal combustion engine 1, if necessary be carried out continuously.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for starting an internal combustion engine (1), in particular of a motor vehicle, in which the fuel which is to be injected for a combustion process is injected directly into a combustion chamber (4) during an intake phase and during a compression phase, and in which the pressure (pr) with which the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (4) is determined, characterized in that when starting occurs the abovementioned pressure (pr) is built up, in that the fuel is injected during the intake phase if the pressure (pr) is lower than a predefinable minimum pressure (prmin), and in that the fuel is injected during the compression phase if the pressure (pr) is higher than the predefinable minimum pressure (prmin).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel is injected again during the intake phase if the pressure (pr) is lower than a predefinable hysteresis pressure (prhys), the hysteresis pressure (prhys) being lower than the minimum pressure (prmin).
  3. Method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure (pr) with which the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (4) is controlled and/or regulated to a maximum pressure (prmax).
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is used when the internal combustion engine (1) is started if the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (1) is lower than a predefinable start-end threshold.
  5. Electrical storage medium, in particular read-only memory for application in a controller (12) of an internal combustion engine (1), in particular of a motor vehicle, a program for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, which can run on a computing unit, in particular a microprocessor, being stored on the electrical storage medium.
  6. Internal combustion engine (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, having an injection valve (9) with which the fuel which is to be injected for a combustion process can be injected directly into a combustion chamber (4) during an intake phase and during a compression phase, having a controller (12) for controlling and/or regulating the starting of the internal combustion engine, and having a pressure sensor (15) for measuring the pressure (pr) with which the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (4), characterized in that when starting occurs the abovementioned pressure is built up, in that the controller (12) injects the fuel during the intake phase if the pressure (pr) is lower than a predefinable minimum pressure (prmin), and in that the controller (12) injects the fuel during the compression phase if the pressure (pr) is higher than the predefinable minimum pressure (prmin).
EP99939317A 1998-06-20 1999-06-12 Method for operating an internal combustion engine, especially of an automobile Expired - Lifetime EP1090221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19827609A DE19827609A1 (en) 1998-06-20 1998-06-20 Procedure for running IC engine, especially of car
DE19827609 1998-06-20
PCT/DE1999/001730 WO1999067526A1 (en) 1998-06-20 1999-06-12 Method for operating an internal combustion engine, especially of an automobile

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EP1090221A1 EP1090221A1 (en) 2001-04-11
EP1090221B1 true EP1090221B1 (en) 2003-09-03

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EP (1) EP1090221B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1999067526A1 (en)

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US6439190B1 (en) 2002-08-27
JP2002519561A (en) 2002-07-02
DE19827609A1 (en) 1999-12-23
DE59906879D1 (en) 2003-10-09
EP1090221A1 (en) 2001-04-11
WO1999067526A1 (en) 1999-12-29

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