EP1078424B1 - Multiband antenna - Google Patents

Multiband antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1078424B1
EP1078424B1 EP00918805A EP00918805A EP1078424B1 EP 1078424 B1 EP1078424 B1 EP 1078424B1 EP 00918805 A EP00918805 A EP 00918805A EP 00918805 A EP00918805 A EP 00918805A EP 1078424 B1 EP1078424 B1 EP 1078424B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna device
halves
balun
multiband
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EP00918805A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1078424A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Haunberger
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Kathrein SE
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Kathrein Werke KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-range antenna according to Preamble of claim 1.
  • the mobile phone area is largely via the GSM 900 network, So handled in the 900 MHz range.
  • the GSM 1800 standard in which in receive and transmit signals in a 1800 MHz range can be.
  • Multi-range antenna devices for transmission and reception different frequency ranges that are usually required
  • Such a known antenna device comprises one common antenna input 1, which one on the antenna side Combiner circuit 3 is subordinate to a corresponding Decoupling in the different frequency ranges to enable transmitted signals.
  • This combiner or branch circuit 3 are two Branch lines 5 'and 5 "downstream, which once to the first antenna device 7 'and to the second antenna device 7 "lead to the radio traffic in the unwind the first and second tape area.
  • the branch circuit 3 is integrated frequency-selective components, for example according to Art a bandpass filter, each of the two Branch lines 5 'and 5 "opposite the band area lock the other antenna device.
  • the object of the present invention is based on the explained prior art, on the other hand, is simple and inexpensive two-range antenna to accomplish.
  • An integration of the relevant components in the antenna device can be done only by appropriate Execution of symmetrization and that of the branch point outgoing effective electrical line length implement the relevant antenna device without that there are separate components, as in the state of the Technology, needs.
  • Each of these two branch lines 5 ', 5 "leads to the two antenna devices 7 'and 7 ", each a radiator 9 'and 9 "with a dipole structure, in the shown Embodiment include in the form of two ⁇ / 2 dipoles ( Figure 4).
  • such a two-area antenna is fed in via a common antenna input 1, i.e. a common antenna input line 1 ', via which Frequency signals for transmission in the GSM 900 or GSM 1800 frequency band range are fed.
  • the feed is preferably carried out via a coaxial line, wherein in Figure 3 the coaxial line, i.e. the inner and outer conductors to illustrate the switching principle as a two-wire circuit is reproduced.
  • FIGS. 4 ff taken that relate to a more specific embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a two-section antenna in vertical section shown in schematic representation, the on a as a reflector 19, which is also used as a base plate for Structure of the antenna arrangement is used, is built, wherein the two-range antenna with a removable, for electromagnetic Radiation-permeable housing 21 is provided is.
  • a first antenna device 7 ' i.e. a first radiator 7 'for operation accordingly the GSM 1800 standard, namely in Form of a dipole 23.
  • the two dipole halves 23a and 23b sit at the upper end of an associated holder 24, wherein in the embodiment shown the two bracket halves 24a, 24b formed in one piece and by appropriate bending and edges are formed, namely forming a lower, common in the two Support halves 24a, 24b transition foot or anchoring section 27, which has an example of screw 28 screwed into the reflector plate 19 at the bottom can be securely held and anchored (Figure 5).
  • the two dipole halves 23a and 23b are separated by two symmetry halves 25a and 25b worn and held and form with the short circuit above to be explained 41 lying area the symmetrization of the Dipoles 23.
  • the height and the dipole length are on the one to be transmitted Frequency band range and the radiation pattern, in this Embodiment tuned to the 1800 MHz band range.
  • the second antenna device 7 ′′ wherein this radiator as a dipole radiator 29 with two dipole halves 29a and 29b is formed at the upper end a balancing 31 with two balancing halves 31a and 31b are held.
  • this radiator as a dipole radiator 29 with two dipole halves 29a and 29b is formed at the upper end a balancing 31 with two balancing halves 31a and 31b are held.
  • the structure and the anchoring to the reflector plate 19 similar to the case of the first explained dipole radiator 23.
  • the length of the dipole halves and the symmetry as well as the Height of the bracket halves are for this spotlight Transmission of the 900 MHz band range with a corresponding desired radiation pattern, which is why the length of the dipoles is twice that of the first Antenna device 7 '.
  • a non-conductive fixing element 35 may be provided, which is the two symmetry halves fixed relative to each other, which is only the Serves to improve the stability of the antenna device (Figure 5).
  • the two branch lines then go from this star point 5 5 ', 5 "to the two radiators 7', 7", wherein each of the two branch lines 5 ', 5 "in Embodiment shown substantially parallel and adjacent to one of the two symmetry halves 25b with the radiator 7 'or 31b with the radiator 7 ".
  • such dipole antennas usually the feed such that (as can be seen in particular from the schematic 5 results) of the outer conductor 5'a or 5 "a of the coaxial branch lines 5 'or 5 "in the amount of one dipole half, for example the dipole half 23b is electrically conductive at the feed point 12'a is connected, and that of this associated dipole half 23b leading inner conductors 5'b (or 5 "b for the antenna device 7") via a connecting bridge 39 '(or 39 ") inside with the respective second dipole half 23a and 29a electrically connected is.
  • This allows the desired known Realize symmetrical feed 12 '(or 12 ").
  • each the short circuit 41 'or 41 mentioned provided the so with regard to its location and arrangement is chosen so that the one formed in each case is formed frequency-selective component 11 'or 11 "for example is tuned like a bandpass so that the two emitters, i.e. the two frequency selective Components block each other.
  • the frequency-selective components thus formed each have a blocking effect with respect to the above other radiators emitted or received frequency band range achieved, so that with respect to each the other frequency band range the other frequency selective Component (bandpass) is operated at idle.
  • the short circuits 41 'and 41 "mentioned above mean that effective length of the balancing to the distance from the top of the associated short circuit 41 'or 41 "limited to the height of the dipole emitters 23 and 29. In other words, the reflector itself could be in height these shorts (i.e. the top of the shorts) be provided.
  • the entire electrical line length from junction 5 via the upper feed point in the amount of the respective dipole halves plus the Length from this feed point to the upper end of the associated short circuit 41 ', 41 "for the design decisive for achieving the locking or idling effect is the length of the short-circuit element and the Width may be different. Therefore can the length or height dimension of the respective short-circuit element 41 ', 41 "can also be selected differently, with the short-circuit element additionally the mechanical strength Stiffness of the entire arrangement is used, for example also causes a desired vibration damping.
  • the example is explained for a two-range antenna Service.
  • the embodiment can be general also for an antenna covering more than two areas implement, generally for a multi-range antenna.

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Abstract

A multiband antenna has first and second antenna devices for transmitting or receiving. Each device has a dipole structure and associated dipole halves disposed opposite a base plate or reflector by baluns. The antenna devices are provided with a feed from a common antenna input line and a branch circuit. Frequency selective components are respectively associated with the first and second antenna devices. An electrical length of branch lines between a branch point and a feed point on the associated antenna devices having the dipole structure enables the frequency selective components respectively to reject a frequency band range transmitted via another of the first and second antenna devices.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mehr-Bereichs-Antenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a multi-range antenna according to Preamble of claim 1.

Der Mobilfunkbereich wird größtenteils über das GSM 900-Netz, also im 900 MHz-Bereich abgewickelt. Daneben hat sich auch der GSM 1800-Standard etabliert, bei welchem in einem 1800 MHz-Bereich Signale empfangen und gesendet werden können.The mobile phone area is largely via the GSM 900 network, So handled in the 900 MHz range. Next to it the GSM 1800 standard, in which in receive and transmit signals in a 1800 MHz range can be.

Für derartige Mehr-Bereichs-Basisstationen werden deshalb Mehr-Bereichs-Antenneneinrichtungen zum Senden und Empfangen verschiedener Frequenzbereiche benötigt, die üblicherweise Dipolstrukturen aufweisen, also eine Dipolantenneneinrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen des 900 MHz-Bandbereiches und eine weitere Dipolantenneneinrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen des 1800 MHz-Bandbereiches. For such multi-area base stations are therefore Multi-range antenna devices for transmission and reception different frequency ranges that are usually required Have dipole structures, that is, a dipole antenna device for sending and receiving the 900 MHz band range and a further dipole antenna device for Transmission and reception of the 1800 MHz band range.

Eine nach dem Stand der Technik bekannte Antenneneinrichtung ist schematisch in Figur 1 wiedergegeben.An antenna device known from the prior art is shown schematically in Figure 1.

Eine derartige bekannte Antenneneinrichtung umfaßt einen gemeinsamen Antenneneingang 1, welchem antennenseitig eine Combiner-Schaltung 3 nachgeordnet ist, um eine entsprechende Entkopplung der in den verschiedenen Frequenzbereichen übertragenen Signale zu ermöglichen.Such a known antenna device comprises one common antenna input 1, which one on the antenna side Combiner circuit 3 is subordinate to a corresponding Decoupling in the different frequency ranges to enable transmitted signals.

Dieser Combiner- oder Verzweigungsschaltung 3 sind zwei Verzweigungsleitungen 5' und 5" nachgeordnet, die einmal zur ersten Antenneneinrichtung 7' und zur zweiten Antenneneinrichtung 7" führen, um darüber den Funkverkehr im ersten und zweiten Bandbereich abzuwickeln.This combiner or branch circuit 3 are two Branch lines 5 'and 5 "downstream, which once to the first antenna device 7 'and to the second antenna device 7 "lead to the radio traffic in the unwind the first and second tape area.

Die Verzweigungsschaltung 3 ist dazu mit integrierten frequenzselektiven Komponenten, beispielsweise nach Art eines Bandpaßfilters versehen, die jeweils die beiden Verzweigungsleitungen 5' und 5" gegenüber dem Bandbereich der jeweils anderen Antenneneinrichtung sperren.For this purpose, the branch circuit 3 is integrated frequency-selective components, for example according to Art a bandpass filter, each of the two Branch lines 5 'and 5 "opposite the band area lock the other antenna device.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es ausgehend von dem erläuterten Stand der Technik eine demgegenüber einfache und kostengünstig aufgebaute Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is based on the explained prior art, on the other hand, is simple and inexpensive two-range antenna to accomplish.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved according to the in the claim 1 specified features solved. Advantageous configurations the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Es muss als durchaus verblüffend und überraschend bezeichnet werden, dass auf eine herkömmliche Combiner- oder Verzweigungsschaltung verzichtet werden kann. Die auch erfindungsgemäß benötigten frequenzselektiven Komponenten müssen nämlich in Abweichung zum Stand der Technik nicht durch separate in der Combiner-Schaltung integrierte Komponente realisiert werden, sondern können erfindungsgemäß in die Antenneneinrichtung selbst integriert werden.It must be described as quite startling and surprising be that on a conventional combiner or Branch circuit can be omitted. They too Frequency-selective components required according to the invention In deviation from the prior art, they do not have to through separate components integrated in the combiner circuit can be realized, but can be according to the invention be integrated into the antenna device itself.

Eine Integration der betreffenden Komponenten in die Antenneneinrichtung läßt sich allein durch entsprechende Ausführung der Symmetrierung und der von der Verzweigungsstelle ausgehenden wirksamen elektrischen Leitungslänge der betreffenden Antenneneinrichtung realisieren, ohne dass es dazu separater Komponenten, wie beim Stand der Technik, bedarf.An integration of the relevant components in the antenna device can be done only by appropriate Execution of symmetrization and that of the branch point outgoing effective electrical line length implement the relevant antenna device without that there are separate components, as in the state of the Technology, needs.

Es hat sich als besonders günstig erwiesen, eine Anpassung der Symmetrierung durch zwischen der Symmetrierung einzubauende Kurzschluß-Einrichtungen umzusetzen. Durch Größe und Anordnung dieser Kurzschlußeinrichtungen kann die wirksame elektrische Länge der Symmetrierung so angepaßt werden, dass jede in der betreffenden Antenneneinrichtung integrierte frequenzselektive Komponente (beispielsweise nach Art eines Bandpasses) jeweils für die Frequenz der zweiten Antenneneinrichtung für den jeweils anderen Frequenzbandbereich sperrt, also im Leerlauf betrieben wird.It has proven particularly beneficial to make an adjustment the symmetrization by means of to be installed between the symmetrization Implement short-circuit devices. By size and arrangement of these short-circuit devices can effective electrical length of the symmetry adjusted that each in the relevant antenna device integrated frequency-selective component (for example in the manner of a bandpass) for the frequency of the second antenna device for the other frequency band range locks, i.e. is operated at idle.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen im einzelnen:

Figur 1 :
ein schematisches Blockdiagramm zur Erläuterung einer Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne nach dem Stand der Technik;
Figur 2 :
ein zur Figur 1 abgewandeltes schematisches Blockschaltbild zur Erläuterung der erfindungsgemäßen Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne;
Figur 3 :
ein Prinzipschaltbild zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne;
Figur 4 :
eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne;
Figur 5 :
eine schematische, auszugsweise Seitendarstellung einer von den in Figur 4 gezeigten Zwei-Antennen-Einrichtungen zur weiteren Verdeutlichung der Einspeisung und der Anordnung eines Kurzschlusses; und
Figur 6 :
eine auszugsweise Draufsicht längs der Schnittdarstellung VI-VI in Figur 5.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The following show in detail:
Figure 1:
a schematic block diagram for explaining a two-range antenna according to the prior art;
Figure 2:
a schematic block diagram modified to Figure 1 to explain the two-range antenna according to the invention;
Figure 3:
a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the two-range antenna according to the invention;
Figure 4:
is a schematic cross-sectional view through an embodiment of the two-range antenna according to the invention;
Figure 5:
a schematic, partial side view of one of the two antenna devices shown in Figure 4 to further illustrate the feed and the arrangement of a short circuit; and
Figure 6:
a partial plan view along the sectional view VI-VI in Figure 5.

Anhand von Figur 2 ist in Abweichung zu einer nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne, wie diese in Figur 1 wiedergegeben ist, dargestellt, dass anstelle der eigentlichen Verzweigungsschaltung erfindungsgemäß nur ein Verzweigungs- oder Summenpunkt, nachfolgend auch Sternpunkt 5 genannt, vorgesehen ist, an welchem eine Antenneneingangsleitung 1' elektrisch in die beiden Verzweigungsleitungen 5' und 5" verzweigt wird.Based on Figure 2 is in deviation from one after the State of the art known two-range antenna, such as this is shown in Figure 1, shown that instead of the actual branch circuit according to the invention just a branch or sum point, below also called star point 5, is provided which an antenna input line 1 'electrically into the two branch lines 5 'and 5 "is branched.

Jede dieser beiden Verzweigungsleitungen 5', 5" führt zu den beiden Antenneneinrichtungen 7' und 7", die jeweils einen Strahler 9' und 9" mit Dipolstruktur, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel in Form zweier λ/2-Dipole umfassen (Figur 4).Each of these two branch lines 5 ', 5 "leads to the two antenna devices 7 'and 7 ", each a radiator 9 'and 9 "with a dipole structure, in the shown Embodiment include in the form of two λ / 2 dipoles (Figure 4).

In diese Strahleranordnung 9', 9" ist quasi jeweils eine zugehörige frequenzselektive Komponente 11', 11" integriert, die durch die Funktion aus der Symmetrierung der Dipolstrahler 9', 9" und der zugehörigen elektrischen Leitungslänge zwischen dem Verzweigungspunkt 5 und der Einspeisestelle am zugehörigen Dipolstrahlers bestimmt wird.In this radiator arrangement 9 ', 9 "is quasi one each associated frequency-selective component 11 ', 11 "integrated, which by the function from the symmetrization of the Dipole radiator 9 ', 9 "and the associated electrical Line length between the branch point 5 and the Infeed point determined on the associated dipole emitter becomes.

Wie sich aus der Prinzipdarstellung gemäß Figur 3 ergibt, erfolgt die Einspeisung für eine derartige Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne über einen gemeinsamen Antenneneingang 1, d.h. eine gemeinsame Antenneneingangsleitung 1', worüber die Frequenzsignale zur Übertragung im GSM 900- bzw. GSM 1800-Frequenzbandbereich zugeführt werden. Die Einspeisung erfolgt bevorzugt über eine Koaxialleitung, wobei in Figur 3 die Koaxialleitung, d.h. der Innen- und der Außenleiter zur Verdeutlichung des Schaltprinzips als Zweileiter-Schaltung wiedergegeben ist.As can be seen from the basic illustration according to FIG. 3, such a two-area antenna is fed in via a common antenna input 1, i.e. a common antenna input line 1 ', via which Frequency signals for transmission in the GSM 900 or GSM 1800 frequency band range are fed. The feed is preferably carried out via a coaxial line, wherein in Figure 3 the coaxial line, i.e. the inner and outer conductors to illustrate the switching principle as a two-wire circuit is reproduced.

Bei entsprechendem Strahlungswiderstand 10' bzw. 10" für die GSM 900- bzw. die GSM 1800-Antenne kann nunmehr die benötigte frequenzselektive Komponente beispielsweise in Form eines Bandpasses so angepaßt und optimiert werden, dass jeweils zwei Resonanzkreise 13, 13" gebildet werden, die jeweils für die Frequenz der anderen Antenne gesperrt sind, also im Leerlauf betrieben werden. Dazu ist, wie bereits erwähnt, die elektrische Länge der jeweiligen Verzweigungsleitung 5' bzw. 5" zwischen dem Verteil- oder Sternpunkt 5 und der jeweiligen Einspeisestelle an der zugehörigen Antenneneinrichtung 7', 7" einschließlich der nachfolgenden Länge von der Einspeisestelle 12' bzw. 12a" bis zu dem nachfolgend noch erläuterten Kurzschluß in der Summe entsprechend den nachfolgend angegebenen Formeln zu wählen, so dass die erläuterten frequenzselektiven Komponenten oder Bandpaßfilter ihre jeweilige Sperrfunktion für den Frequenzbandbereich der jeweils anderen Antenne optimal gemäß der nachfolgend noch erörterten Formeln erfüllen können.With appropriate radiation resistance 10 'or 10 "for the GSM 900 or the GSM 1800 antenna can now required frequency selective component, for example in The form of a bandpass can be adapted and optimized that two resonance circuits 13, 13 "are formed, each locked to the frequency of the other antenna are, i.e. operated at idle. This is how already mentioned, the electrical length of each Branch line 5 'or 5 "between the distribution or Star point 5 and the respective entry point at the associated antenna device 7 ', 7 "including the following length from the feed point 12 'or 12a " up to the short circuit in the Total according to the formulas given below choose so that the explained frequency selective components or bandpass filter their respective blocking function for the frequency band range of the other antenna optimal according to the formulas discussed below can.

Nachfolgend wird auf die weiteren Figuren 4 ff. Bezug genommen, die ein konkreteres Ausführungsbeispiel betreffen.In the following, reference is made to the further FIGS. 4 ff taken that relate to a more specific embodiment.

In Figur 4 ist in Vertikalschnittdarstellung eine Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne in schematischer Wiedergabe gezeigt, die auf einem als Reflektor 19, der auch als Grundplatte zum Aufbau der Antennenanordnung dient, aufgebaut ist, wobei die Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne mit einem abnehmbaren, für elektromagnetische Strahlung durchlässigen Gehäuse 21 versehen ist. In Figure 4 is a two-section antenna in vertical section shown in schematic representation, the on a as a reflector 19, which is also used as a base plate for Structure of the antenna arrangement is used, is built, wherein the two-range antenna with a removable, for electromagnetic Radiation-permeable housing 21 is provided is.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses 21 ist eine erste Antenneneinrichtung 7', d.h. ein erster Strahler 7' zum Betrieb entsprechend dem GSM 1800-Standard vorgesehen, und zwar in Form eines Dipoles 23. Die beiden Dipolhälften 23a und 23b sitzen am oberen Ende einer zugehörigen Halterung 24, wobei im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel die beiden Halterungshälften 24a, 24b einstückig ausgebildet und durch entsprechendes Biegen und Kanten geformt sind, und zwar unter Ausbildung eines unteren, gemeinsamen in die beiden Halterungshälften 24a, 24b übergehenden Fuß- oder Verankerungsabschnittes 27, der über eine beispielsweise von unten her in das Reflektorblech 19 eingedrehte Schraube 28 sicher gehalten und verankert werden kann (Figur 5). Die beiden Dipolhälften 23a und 23b werden durch zwei Symmetrierungshälften 25a und 25b getragen bzw. gehalten und bilden mit den oberhalb eines noch zu erläuternden Kurzschlusses 41 liegenden Bereiches die Symmetrierung des Dipols 23. Entsprechendes gilt für die Halterung 30 der zweiten Antenneneinrichtung 7". Auch hier werden die Symmetrierungshälften 31a und 31b durch die oberhalb eines Kurzschlusses 41" liegenden Abschnitte der Halterungshälften 30a und 30b gebildet.Inside the housing 21 is a first antenna device 7 ', i.e. a first radiator 7 'for operation accordingly the GSM 1800 standard, namely in Form of a dipole 23. The two dipole halves 23a and 23b sit at the upper end of an associated holder 24, wherein in the embodiment shown the two bracket halves 24a, 24b formed in one piece and by appropriate bending and edges are formed, namely forming a lower, common in the two Support halves 24a, 24b transition foot or anchoring section 27, which has an example of screw 28 screwed into the reflector plate 19 at the bottom can be securely held and anchored (Figure 5). The two dipole halves 23a and 23b are separated by two symmetry halves 25a and 25b worn and held and form with the short circuit above to be explained 41 lying area the symmetrization of the Dipoles 23. The same applies to the holder 30 of the second antenna device 7 ". Here too, the symmetry halves 31a and 31b through the one above Short circuit 41 "lying sections of the bracket halves 30a and 30b formed.

Die Höhe und die Dipollänge sind auf den zu übertragenden Frequenzbandbereich und das Strahlungsdiagramm, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auf den 1800 MHz-Bandbereich abgestimmt.The height and the dipole length are on the one to be transmitted Frequency band range and the radiation pattern, in this Embodiment tuned to the 1800 MHz band range.

Daneben sitzt die zweite Antenneneinrichtung 7", wobei auch dieser Strahler als Dipolstrahler 29 mit zwei Dipolhälften 29a und 29b ausgebildet ist, die am oberen Ende einer Symmetrierung 31 mit zwei Symmetrierungshälften 31a und 31b gehalten sind. Grundsätzlich kann der Aufbau und die Verankerung am Reflektorblech 19 ähnlich wie im Fall des ersten erläuterten Dipolstrahlers 23 ausgebildet sein. Die Länge der Dipolhälften und der Symmetrierung sowie die Höhe der Halterungshälften sind bei diesem Strahler zur Übertragung des 900 MHz-Bandbereiches mit einem entsprechend gewünschten Strahlungsdiagramm abgestimmt, weshalb die Länge der Dipole doppelt so groß ist wie bei der ersten Antenneneinrichtung 7'.Next to it is the second antenna device 7 ″, wherein this radiator as a dipole radiator 29 with two dipole halves 29a and 29b is formed at the upper end a balancing 31 with two balancing halves 31a and 31b are held. Basically, the structure and the anchoring to the reflector plate 19 similar to the case of the first explained dipole radiator 23. The length of the dipole halves and the symmetry as well as the Height of the bracket halves are for this spotlight Transmission of the 900 MHz band range with a corresponding desired radiation pattern, which is why the length of the dipoles is twice that of the first Antenna device 7 '.

Jeweils am oberen Ende der Symmetrierung kann bei der Antenneneinrichtung bei Bedarf ein nichtleitendes Fixierelement 35 vorgesehen sein, welches die beiden Symmetrierungshälften relativ zueinander fixiert, was lediglich der Verbesserung der Stabilität der Antenneneinrichtung dient (Figur 5).In each case at the upper end of the symmetrization Antenna device, if necessary, a non-conductive fixing element 35 may be provided, which is the two symmetry halves fixed relative to each other, which is only the Serves to improve the stability of the antenna device (Figure 5).

Von einem in Figur 4 nicht näher dargestellten KoaxialAnschluß 1 geht zunächst ein gemeinsames Koaxialkabel 1' aus, welches zu dem Verteil- oder Sternpunkt 5 führt, wie er auch in Figur 4 dargestellt ist.From a coaxial connection not shown in Figure 4 1 goes first a common coaxial cable 1 ' from which leads to the distribution or star point 5, such as he is also shown in Figure 4.

Von diesem Sternpunkt 5 gehen dann die beiden Verzweigungsleitungen 5', 5" zu den beiden Strahlern 7', 7" aus, wobei jeder der beiden Verzweigungsleitungen 5', 5" im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel im wesentlichen parallel und benachbart zu einer der beiden Symmetrierungshälften 25b beim Strahler 7' bzw. 31b beim Strahler 7" verläuft. Wie aus den Zeichnungen auch ersichtlich ist, erfolgt bei derartigen Dipolantennen die Einspeisung üblicherweise derart, dass (wie sich insbesondere auch aus der schematischen Darstellung gemäß Figur 5 ergibt) der Außenleiter 5'a bzw. 5"a der koaxialen Verzweigungsleitungen 5' bzw. 5" in Höhe jeweils der einen Dipolhälfte, beispielsweise der Dipolhälfte 23b elektrisch leitend an der Einspeisestelle 12'a angeschlossen wird, und dass der über diese zugehörige Dipolhälfte 23b hinausgeführte Innenleiter 5'b (bzw. 5"b bei der Antenneneinrichtung 7") über eine Verbindungsbrücke 39' (bzw. 39") innenseitig mit der jeweils zweiten Dipolhälfte 23a bzw. 29a elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Dadurch läßt sich die gewünschte bekannte symmetrische Einspeisung 12' (bzw. 12") realisieren.The two branch lines then go from this star point 5 5 ', 5 "to the two radiators 7', 7", wherein each of the two branch lines 5 ', 5 "in Embodiment shown substantially parallel and adjacent to one of the two symmetry halves 25b with the radiator 7 'or 31b with the radiator 7 ". How can also be seen from the drawings such dipole antennas usually the feed such that (as can be seen in particular from the schematic 5 results) of the outer conductor 5'a or 5 "a of the coaxial branch lines 5 'or 5 "in the amount of one dipole half, for example the dipole half 23b is electrically conductive at the feed point 12'a is connected, and that of this associated dipole half 23b leading inner conductors 5'b (or 5 "b for the antenna device 7") via a connecting bridge 39 '(or 39 ") inside with the respective second dipole half 23a and 29a electrically connected is. This allows the desired known Realize symmetrical feed 12 '(or 12 ").

Schließlich ist auch noch zwischen den beiden Symmetrierungshälften 25a und 25b des ersten Strahlers 7' bzw. den beiden Symmetrierungshälften 31a und 31b des zweiten Strahlers 7" jeweils der erwähnte Kurzschluß 41' bzw. 41" vorgesehen, der bezüglich seiner Lage und Anordnung so gewählt wird, dass darüber jeweils die ingetriert gebildete frequenzselektive Komponente 11' bzw. 11" beispielsweise nach Art eines Bandpasses so abgestimmt ist, damit die beiden Strahler, d.h. die beiden frequenzselektiven Komponenten sich jeweils gegenseitig sperren. Somit wird über die so gebildeten frequenzselektiven Komponenten jeweils eine Sperrwirkung bezüglich der über den jeweils anderen Strahler abgestrahlten bzw. empfangenen Frequenzbandbereiches erzielt, so dass also bezüglich des jeweils anderen Frequenzbandbereiches die jeweils andere frequenzselektive Komponente (Bandpaß) im Leerlauf betrieben wird. Durch die erwähnten Kurzschlüsse 41' bzw. 41" wird die wirksame Länge der Symmetrierung jeweils auf den Abstand von der Oberseite des zugehörigen Kurzschlusses 41' bzw. 41" bis zur Höhe der Dipolstrahler 23 bzw. 29 begrenzt. Mit anderen Worten könnte der Reflektor an sich in Höhe dieser Kurzschlüsse (d.h. der Oberseite der Kurzschlüsse) vorgesehen sein.Finally, there is also between the two halves of symmetry 25a and 25b of the first radiator 7 'and the two symmetry halves 31a and 31b of the second Radiator 7 "each the short circuit 41 'or 41" mentioned provided the so with regard to its location and arrangement is chosen so that the one formed in each case is formed frequency-selective component 11 'or 11 "for example is tuned like a bandpass so that the two emitters, i.e. the two frequency selective Components block each other. Thus about the frequency-selective components thus formed each have a blocking effect with respect to the above other radiators emitted or received frequency band range achieved, so that with respect to each the other frequency band range the other frequency selective Component (bandpass) is operated at idle. The short circuits 41 'and 41 "mentioned above mean that effective length of the balancing to the distance from the top of the associated short circuit 41 'or 41 "limited to the height of the dipole emitters 23 and 29. In other words, the reflector itself could be in height these shorts (i.e. the top of the shorts) be provided.

Die elektrische Länge der Antennen- oder Verzweigungsleitung 5' plus die elektrische Länge der Symmetrierung (die hier der Länge der Symmetrierung entspricht) von der Einspeisestelle 12' bzw. 12'a bis zum Kurzschluß 41' bzw. die entsprechende elektrische Länge der Antennen- oder Verzweigungsleitung 5" plus die Länge der Symmetrierung von der Einspeisestelle 12" bzw. 12"a bis zu dem Kurzschluß 41" in einer Länge ausgeführt, dass deren Summe jeweils die nachfolgenden Formel erfüllen:

  • Elektrische Länge für die erste Antenneneinrichtung 7', 9': L1 (GSM 1800) = λ2/4 + n · (λ2/2) bzw.
  • Elektrische Länge für die zweite Antenneneinrichtung 7", 9": L2 (GSM 900) = λ1/4 + n · (λ1/2)
    • wobei λ2 die Wellenlänge für den zweiten Frequenzbandbereich entsprechend dem GSM 900-Standard (in dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel) und λ1 die Wellenlänge für den Mobilfunkbereich entsprechend dem GSM 1800-Standard (in dem erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel) entspricht, und n dabei die Werte 0, 1, 2, 3, ... annehmen kann, also n eine Zahl der natürlichen Zahlen einschließlich der 0 sein kann. Mit anderen Worten hängt also die elektrische Gesamtlänge der ersten Antenneneinrichtung 7', 9' beispielsweise für den GSM 1800-Standard von der Wellenlänge des über die zweite Antenneneinrichtung übertragenden Frequenzbandes und die elektrische Gesamtlänge der zweiten Antenneneinrichtung von der Wellenlänge des über die erste Antenneneinrichtung übertragenen Frequenzbandes ab.The electrical length of the antenna or branch line 5 'plus the electrical length of the balancing (which here corresponds to the length of the balancing) from the feed point 12' or 12'a to the short circuit 41 'or the corresponding electrical length of the antenna or Branch line 5 "plus the length of the balancing from the feed point 12" or 12 "a up to the short circuit 41" in a length that the sum of which each meet the following formula:
  • Electrical length for the first antenna device 7 ', 9': L1 (GSM 1800) = λ 2 / 4 + n · (λ 2 / 2) respectively.
  • Electrical length for the second antenna device 7 ", 9": L2 (GSM 900) = λ 1 / 4 + n · (λ 1 / 2)
    • where λ 2 is the wavelength for the second frequency band range in accordance with the GSM 900 standard (in the present exemplary embodiment) and λ 1 is the wavelength for the mobile radio range in accordance with the GSM 1800 standard (in the exemplary embodiment explained), and n the values 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., so n can be a number of natural numbers including 0. In other words, the total electrical length of the first antenna device 7 ', 9' depends, for example for the GSM 1800 standard, on the wavelength of the frequency band transmitted via the second antenna device and the total electrical length of the second antenna device depends on the wavelength of the frequency band transmitted via the first antenna device from.

    Entsprechend dem erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel kann also allein nur durch entsprechende Bemessung der elektrischen Länge der zugehörigen Verzweigungsleitung 5', 5" und durch entsprechende Anordnung des jeweils zugehörigen Kurzschlusses 41', 41" in einer geeigneten Höhe zwischen den beiden zugehörigen Symmetrierungshälften 23a, 23b bzw. 29a, 29b, also in einem geeigneten Abstand von den Dipolhälften ein integrierter Bandpaßfilter geschaffen werden, ohne dass separate zusätzliche Bandpaßfiltereinrichtungen notwendig sind.According to the illustrated embodiment, it can only by appropriate dimensioning of the electrical Length of the associated branch line 5 ', 5 "and through corresponding arrangement of the associated short circuit 41 ', 41 "at a suitable height between the both associated symmetry halves 23a, 23b and 29a, 29b, that is at a suitable distance from the dipole halves an integrated bandpass filter can be created, without separate additional bandpass filter devices are necessary.

    Da, wie oben ausgeführt ist, die gesamte elektrische Leitungslänge vom Verzweigungspunkt 5 über die obere Einspeisestelle in Höhe der jeweiligen Dipolhälften plus der Länge von dieser Einspeisestelle bis zu dem oberen Ende des zugehörigen Kurzschlusses 41', 41" für die Bemessung zur Erzielung der Sperr- bzw. Leerlaufwirkung entscheidend ist, kann die Länge des Kurzschlußelementes und die Breite unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Von daher kann das Längen- oder Höhenmaß des jeweiligen Kurzschlußelementes 41', 41" auch unterschiedlich gewählt werden, wobei das Kurzschlußelement zusätzlich der mechanischen Festigund Steifigkeit der gesamten Anordnung dient, beispielsweise auch eine gewünschte Vibrationsdämpfung bewirkt.Since, as stated above, the entire electrical line length from junction 5 via the upper feed point in the amount of the respective dipole halves plus the Length from this feed point to the upper end of the associated short circuit 41 ', 41 "for the design decisive for achieving the locking or idling effect is the length of the short-circuit element and the Width may be different. Therefore can the length or height dimension of the respective short-circuit element 41 ', 41 "can also be selected differently, with the short-circuit element additionally the mechanical strength Stiffness of the entire arrangement is used, for example also causes a desired vibration damping.

    Das Beispiel ist für eine Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne erläutert worden. Das Ausführungsbeispiel läßt sich allgemein aber auch für eine mehr als zwei Bereiche umfassenden Antenne umsetzen, allgemein also für eine Mehr-Bereichs-Antenne.The example is explained for a two-range antenna Service. The embodiment can be general also for an antenna covering more than two areas implement, generally for a multi-range antenna.

    Claims (10)

    1. Multiband antenna having at least one first and one second antenna device (7', 7") for transmitting or receiving, in which the at least first and second antenna devices (7', 7") have a dipole structure and in which the associated dipole halves (23a, 23b; 29a, 29b) are arranged and/or held opposite a baseplate or reflector (19) by means of baluns (25, 31), the feed coming via a common antenna input line (1') and a branch circuit (5), and, for this purpose, at least two frequency-selective components (11', 11".) additionally being provided which each reject the frequency band range transmitted via the other antenna device (7', 7"),
      characterized by the following further features:
      the frequency-selective components (11', 11") are integrated in the respective antenna device (7', 7"), and
      the frequency-selective components (11', 11") are formed for the respective associated, dipole antenna device (7', 7") by appropriate design of the effective electrical length of the balun (25, 31) concerned and of the electrical length of the associated branch line (5', 5") between the branch point (5) and the feed point (12) on the associated antenna device (7', 7") having a dipole structure.
    2. Multiband antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrical length of the branch line (5', 5") plus the effective length of the balun (25, 31) have a respective electrical total length whose discrepancy from the value of the formula λi/4 + n · (λi/2) is less than 40%, preferably less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, particularly less than 5% or less than 1%, where, with reference to the respective antenna device (7' or 7"), the wavelength λi is equivalent to the wavelength of the frequency band transmitted via the at least one other antenna device (7" or 7'), and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    3. Multiband antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a respective shorting element (41', 41") connecting the two balun halves (25a, 25b and 31a, 31b) is arranged between the two respective balun halves (25a, 25b and 31a, 31b) of a respective antenna device (7', 7").
    4. . Multiband antenna according to Claim 3, characterized in that the respective antenna device or radiating device (7', 9'; 7", 9") is held across [sic] a reflector (19), the height of this support device (24; 30) being greater than the electrically effective length of the balun (25, 31) of the associated antenna device (7' , 7") , which is defined by the distance between the radiating elements (9', 9") and the associated shorting elements (41', 41").
    5. Multiband antenna according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the height of the shorting element (41', 41"), with reference to the total distance between the radiating elements (9', 9") and the reflector (19), is less than 50%, preferably less than 40% of the total height of the support devices (24; 30) for the radiating elements (9', 9").
    6. Multiband antenna according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the shorting elements (41', 41") comprise conductive blocks, bridges or other connecting elements, particularly metal blocks, whose thickness is equivalent to the distance between the respectively associated balun halves (25a, 25b; 31a, 31b)
    7. Multiband antenna according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the shorting elements (41', 41") are soldered in between the two balun halves (25a, 25b; 31a, 31b)
    8. Multiband antenna according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized, in that the shorting element (41', 41") comprises clamp elements and/or screw elements.
    9. Multiband antenna according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shorting element (41', 41") comprises one or two offsets or angles pointing to one another on the associated balun halves (25a, 25b; 31a, 31b), which are electrically connected to one another.
    10. Multiband antennas according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the antenna input line (1') and the branch line (5', 5") are in the form of coaxial. cables.
    EP00918805A 1999-03-19 2000-03-16 Multiband antenna Expired - Lifetime EP1078424B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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    DE19912465A DE19912465C2 (en) 1999-03-19 1999-03-19 Multi-area antenna system
    DE19912465 1999-03-19
    PCT/EP2000/002356 WO2000057514A1 (en) 1999-03-19 2000-03-16 Multiband antenna

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    EP1078424A1 EP1078424A1 (en) 2001-02-28
    EP1078424B1 true EP1078424B1 (en) 2003-06-04

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    EP (1) EP1078424B1 (en)
    KR (1) KR100454142B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1147031C (en)
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    DK (1) DK1078424T3 (en)
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    WO2000057514A1 (en) 2000-09-28
    AU760267B2 (en) 2003-05-08
    ATE242553T1 (en) 2003-06-15
    CA2332630C (en) 2003-04-15
    BR0005455A (en) 2001-01-30
    AU3962200A (en) 2000-10-09
    KR100454142B1 (en) 2004-10-26
    DK1078424T3 (en) 2003-09-29
    DE19912465C2 (en) 2001-07-05
    DE50002424D1 (en) 2003-07-10
    HK1035607A1 (en) 2001-11-30
    CN1296651A (en) 2001-05-23
    CN1147031C (en) 2004-04-21
    US6323820B1 (en) 2001-11-27
    NZ507669A (en) 2002-12-20
    DE19912465A1 (en) 2000-10-12
    CA2332630A1 (en) 2000-09-28
    KR20010043005A (en) 2001-05-25
    EP1078424A1 (en) 2001-02-28

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