EP1077782B1 - Method and device for casting metal close to final dimensions - Google Patents

Method and device for casting metal close to final dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1077782B1
EP1077782B1 EP99919121A EP99919121A EP1077782B1 EP 1077782 B1 EP1077782 B1 EP 1077782B1 EP 99919121 A EP99919121 A EP 99919121A EP 99919121 A EP99919121 A EP 99919121A EP 1077782 B1 EP1077782 B1 EP 1077782B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
fact
supply container
material supply
metal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99919121A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1077782A1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Urlau
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SMS Siemag AG
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SMS Demag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0631—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a travelling straight surface, e.g. through-like moulds, a belt

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for casting near-net-shape rectangular strands of metal, in particular steel, and subsequent Inline scrapping of the strand, with a material feed container over which The liquid metal is discharged onto the upper run of a conveyor belt on which it solidifies and is passed on to a roll stand for deformation, and a corresponding device for performing the method.
  • DE 43 44 953 C2 discloses a method for casting a metal strip close to its final dimensions onto a belt casting device provided with a melt receptacle and a conveyor belt, in which process instructions and means are listed to influence the spread of the molten metal on the conveyor belt.
  • the arrangement of the casting vessel relative to the conveyor belt cannot be changed.
  • the invention has set itself the goal of creating a method for a corresponding device in which a casting close to the final dimensions and subsequent rolling of rectangular strands of high and constant quality at any casting speed and any strand thickness is ensured with simple constructional means.
  • the invention achieves this goal by the features of method claim 1 and device claim 4.
  • the material feed container is placed in one before the casting begins Predeterminable position with respect to the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belt is set and thus roughly the point of application of the liquid metal onto the conveyor belt given. Furthermore, the conveyor speed of the conveyor belt in Dependence of the desired roll thickness and rolling speed of the roll stand set. During operation, the position of solidification is now and the temperature of the rolling stock as a control variable for the current position of the Drop point of the liquid material leaving the material feed container the conveyor belt used.
  • the average temperature comprises the average of the permissible Temperature differences across the strip cross-section of the cast strip.
  • variable feed point of the melt both the rough setting and Even the fine adjustment carried out during operation enables a set the special input temperature profile of the strand in the rolling mill.
  • the material feed container has Movement elements with which it is horizontal and coaxial to the main axis of the conveyor belt is movable in or against the direction of conveyance of the strand. Furthermore, the material supply container is connected to an actuator that control engineering with a solidification of the strand and the temperature of the Rolling material-taking control device is connected and with which the position of the material feed container can be adjusted as desired.
  • the material feed container is with wheels equipped that run on rails. It is also proposed sliding elements use that correspond to a web.
  • the movement elements are one Thrust gear, which is designed so that the mouth of the outlet nozzle of the Material feed container for a certain area considered sufficient in constant distance to the upper run of the conveyor belt is feasible.
  • piston-cylinder units are used which are connected to a control device are connected in such a way that at a Horizontal movement of the material feed container, the mouth of which is constant Distance to the upper run of the conveyor belt is feasible.
  • the piston-cylinder units form the supports attached to the corners of the material supply container are.
  • a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit suggested.
  • a piston-cylinder unit is provided, which is designed as a synchronous cylinder, one end of which has a spacer rod the material supply container is connected.
  • a is used as the position actuator electric drive proposed, which is connected to the endless belt Material supply container is connected.
  • the position actuator and the material feed container to be arranged on a scaffold and the actuator for fine tuning and that Scaffold, which has its own drive, for the rough positioning of the position of the material supply container.
  • the material feed container is one with a stopper rod or a pan provided upstream of a slide, which controls the inflow of the controls liquid metal.
  • the Material supply container designed as a vacuum vessel, which has a filling chamber has, into which the melt is filled.
  • the inlet temperature profile is reliably reached Invention provided an enclosure from the point of application of the liquid metal on the conveyor belt and during transportation through this at least the free ones Wrapped surfaces of the strand.
  • This enclosure has a lid that acts as a Venetian blind is designed.
  • This blind is at one end with the outlet nozzle of the Material feed container connected and has one at the other end Take-up device.
  • This enclosure is connected to a gas supply facility connected, through which inert gas in particular is pumped into the open space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a material feed container 11, via its outlet nozzle 13 liquid metal M a conveyor belt 31 is supplied.
  • the material supply container 11 is via movement elements 22 in the direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31 movable, in the present case these are wheels 14 which run on a rail 23.
  • the material feed container is moved by an actuator via a spacer rod 16 21 moved horizontally in the direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31.
  • a pan 66 is provided for feeding the liquid metal M into the material feed container 11 provided that has a diving spout 67, which is head-end by a Plug rod 63 is closable.
  • the liquid metal M solidifies on the upper run 32 to the strand S and is fed to a roll stand 91.
  • This roll stand is made by a roller drive 92 which drives the strand S to the desired thickness of the rolling stock W is rolled out and finally in a winding device 74 wound up.
  • the device for near-net-shape casting of rectangular strands Metal is equipped with a number of measuring elements, namely a measuring element 51 for detecting the solidification of strand S and a measuring element 52 for Detecting the temperature of the rolled stock W.
  • a measuring element 53 for detecting the Speed provided on the drive 34 of the conveyor belt 31 .
  • a measuring element 54 for detecting the geodetic height of the liquid metal M is arranged in the material feed container 11.
  • a measuring element 55 for detecting the thickness of the metal strand is arranged above the upper run 32 of the conveyor belt 31 in the vicinity of the outlet nozzle 13 of the material feed container 11.
  • a measuring element 56 is provided in the vicinity of the roll stand 91 in the strand conveying direction in front of this.
  • a measuring element 58 for detecting the thickness of the rolling stock W is arranged in the conveying direction of the strand after the rolling stand 91.
  • the measuring element 51 for detecting solidification and the measuring element 52 for Detection of the rolling stock temperature are connected to a control device 41 which in terms of control with the actuator 21 for adjusting the position of the Material feed container 11 is connected.
  • the measuring element 53 for detecting the speed of the conveyor belt is included a control device 43, the measuring element 54 for detecting the geodetic height with a control device 44 and the measuring element 55 for detecting the thickness of the Metal strand connected to a control device 45, the control devices 43-45 with an element 61 for controlling the amount of liquid metal M in Connect.
  • the measuring element 56 for detecting the heat dissipation is provided with a control device 46, the measuring element 57 for detecting the speed of the roll stand with a Control device 47 and the measuring element 58 for detecting the rolling stock thickness with a Control device 48 connected, the control devices 46-48 with the Control device 41 are linked.
  • the (main) control device 41 is supported essentially on the measured values of the measuring elements 51-52 and in addition to that of Measuring elements 56-58.
  • FIG. 2 shows a material feed container 11, which acts as a vacuum vessel is configured, which is connected to a vacuum device 65.
  • This Material feed container has a filling chamber 12, into which an immersion spout 67 protrudes.
  • the immersion spout 67 can be closed by a closing element 67, which is designed here as a slide 64.
  • the diving spout 67 is one in the bottom Pan 66, in which liquid metal M is located.
  • the material supply container is based on movement elements 22, which here as Piston-cylinder units 27 are configured. These piston-cylinder units 27, which are connected in terms of control technology to a control device 49 are in the Able, the outlet nozzle 13 and in a movement of the material supply container in Direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31 at a constant distance from the upper run 33 hold.
  • the material feed container 11 is connected to an actuator 21 via a spacer rod 16 connected, which is designed here as a piston-cylinder unit 28.
  • the actuator 21 for fine tuning and the movement elements 22 are in the present case arranged on a scaffold 18, which on wheels 14 on a Rail 23 is movable.
  • a scaffold 18 which on wheels 14 on a Rail 23 is movable.
  • the movement elements 22 are designed as sliding elements 15 which are attached to the material supply container 11 and with a web 24th correspond.
  • Levers 25, which have joints 26, are provided on the material feed container 11, with which the position of the outlet nozzle 13 to the upper run 33 of the conveyor belt 31st is freely adjustable.
  • the material feed container 11 is in the present case via an endless belt 17th connected, which is connected to an actuator 21, which here as an electrical Drive 29 is configured.
  • the strand S is encased by a housing 71, which with a Gas supply 81 is connected.
  • the housing 71 has a cover 72. which in the present case is designed as a venetian blind 73.
  • the blind 73 is at one end attached to the Materiafzu Switzerlandbenzofter 11 gas-tight and has other ends Rewinders 74 on.
  • Inert gas is preferably supplied via the gas supply 81 promoted in the interior 75 of the housing 71.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Abstract

A method and a device for the casting of rectangular billets from metal, in particular from steel, close to final dimensions, and for the subsequent inline rolling out of the billet, with a material supply vessel, via the outlet nozzle of which the liquid metal is deposited onto the upper strand of a conveyor belt, on which it solidifies and is transferred to a roll stand for forming, characterized by the following steps:a) before the start of castingaa) the point at which the liquid metal is deposited onto the conveyor belt is predetermined approximately,ab) the conveying speed of the conveyor belt is set as a function of the desired rolling thickness and rolling speed of the roll stand,b) during castingba) the position of thorough solidification of the metal billet located on the conveyor belt is detected,bb) the temperature of the rolling stock is detected in the region of the roll stand, andbc) the position of thorough solidification and the temperature of the rolling stock are used as control variables for the current position of the point at which the liquid metal leaving the material supply vessel is deposited onto the conveyor belt.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum endabmessungsnahen Gießen von rechteckigen Strängen aus Metall, insbesondere aus Stahl, und anschließendem Inline-Auswatzen des Stranges, mit einem Materialzuführbehälter, über dessen Auslassdüse das flüssige Metall auf den Obertrum eines Förderbandes aufgegeben wird, auf dem es erstarrt und zur Verformung an ein Walzgerüst weitergegeben wird, und eine entsprechende Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for casting near-net-shape rectangular strands of metal, in particular steel, and subsequent Inline scrapping of the strand, with a material feed container over which The liquid metal is discharged onto the upper run of a conveyor belt on which it solidifies and is passed on to a roll stand for deformation, and a corresponding device for performing the method.

Aus Stahl und Eisen 1986 Seite 65ff ist ein Verfahren mit mitlaufender Kokille für das endabmessungsnahe Gießen bekannt, bei dem der Stahl auf horrizontal fahrende Gießwagen gegoßen wird. Die Gießwagen laufen auf einer Schiene und am Ende der Kokillenstrecke wird der Strang einem Rollgang übergeben, wobei der Strang spätenstens beim Eintritt in das nachfolgend angeordnete erste Walzgerüst durcherstarrt sein muß. In dieser Schrift wird der Zusammenhang der Gießgeschwindigkeit und der wirksamen Kokillenlänge angegeben. Dieser Schrift ist nicht zu entnehmen, während des Betriebes die Position des Materialzufuhrbehälters zu verändern.From steel and iron 1986 page 65ff is a process with a moving mold for the Casting close to the final dimension is known, in which the steel moves horribly horizontally Watering car being poured. The casting cars run on a rail and at the end of the The strand is transferred to a roller table, the strand at the latest when entering the subsequently arranged first roll stand must be rigid. In this document the context of the Pouring speed and the effective mold length specified. This font is the position of the material supply container cannot be inferred during operation to change.

Aus DE 43 44 953 C2 ist ein Verfahren zum Angießen eines endabmessungsnahen Metallbandes auf einer mit einem Schmelzenaufnahmegefäß und einem Transportband versehenen Bandgießeinrichtung bekannt, bei dem Verfahrenshinweise und Mittel aufgeführt sind, Einfluß auf die Ausbreitung der Metallschmelze auf dem Transportband zu nehmen. Die Anordnung des Gießgefäßes zum Transportband ist dabei nicht veränderbar.
Die Erfindung hat sich das Ziel gesetzt, ein Verfahren eine entsprechende Vorrichtung zu schaffen, bei dem mit einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln ein endabmessungsnahes Gießen und anschließendes Walzen von rechteckigen Strängen von hoher und gleichbleibender Qualität bei beliebigen Gießgeschwindigkeiten und beliebigen Strangdicken gewährleistet ist.DE 43 44 953 C2 discloses a method for casting a metal strip close to its final dimensions onto a belt casting device provided with a melt receptacle and a conveyor belt, in which process instructions and means are listed to influence the spread of the molten metal on the conveyor belt. The arrangement of the casting vessel relative to the conveyor belt cannot be changed.
The invention has set itself the goal of creating a method for a corresponding device in which a casting close to the final dimensions and subsequent rolling of rectangular strands of high and constant quality at any casting speed and any strand thickness is ensured with simple constructional means.

Die Erfindung erreicht dieses Ziel durch die Merkmale des Verfahrensanspruches 1 und des Vorrichtungsanspruchs 4.The invention achieves this goal by the features of method claim 1 and device claim 4.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vor Beginn des Gießens der Materialzuführbehälter in einer vorgebbaren Position bezüglich der Längserstreckung des Förderbandes eingestellt und somit der Aufgabepunkt des flüssigen Metalls auf das Förderband grob vorgegeben. Weiterhin wird die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Förderbandes in Abhängigkeit der gewünschten Walzdicke und Walzgeschwindigkeit des Walzgerüstes eingestellt. Während des Betriebes werden nunmehr die Position der Durcherstarrung und die Temperatur des Walzgutes als Steuergröße für die aktuelle Position des Aufgabepunktes des den Materialzuführbehälters verlassenden flüssigen Materials auf das Förderband verwendet.According to the invention, the material feed container is placed in one before the casting begins Predeterminable position with respect to the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belt is set and thus roughly the point of application of the liquid metal onto the conveyor belt given. Furthermore, the conveyor speed of the conveyor belt in Dependence of the desired roll thickness and rolling speed of the roll stand set. During operation, the position of solidification is now and the temperature of the rolling stock as a control variable for the current position of the Drop point of the liquid material leaving the material feed container the conveyor belt used.

Durch die variable Aufgabe der Schmelze auf das Förderband existiert eine einfache und sehr effektive Möglichkeit, die mittlere Temperatur des gegossenen Bandes sowohl am Ende des Förderbandes als auch am Eintritt in das Walzgerüst einzustellen. Hierbei umfaßt die mittlere Temperatur den Durchschnitt der zulässigen Temperaturdifferenzen über den Bandquerschnitt des gegossenen Bandes.Due to the variable application of the melt to the conveyor belt, there is a simple one and very effective way to determine the average temperature of the cast tape both at the end of the conveyor belt and at the entrance to the roll stand adjust. Here, the average temperature comprises the average of the permissible Temperature differences across the strip cross-section of the cast strip.

Der variable Aufgabepunkt der Schmelze, und zwar sowohl die Grobeinstellung wie auch die während des Betriebes durchgeführte Feineinstellung, ermöglicht es, ein spezielles Eingangstemperaturprofil des Stranges in das Walzwerk einzustellen.The variable feed point of the melt, both the rough setting and Even the fine adjustment carried out during operation enables a set the special input temperature profile of the strand in the rolling mill.

Ergänzend zu der Einflußnahme auf die aktuelle Position des Aufgabepunktes des den Materialzuführbehälters verlassenden flüssigen Metalls auf das Förderband werden in vorteilhafter Weise noch weitere Regelungs-Subsysteme eingesetzt. So wird vorgeschlagen, die Dicke des auf dem Forderband befindlichen Materialstranges zu erfassen und zur Steuerung des Mengenstroms des den Materialzuführbehälters verlassenden flüssigen Materials zu verwenden Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Verfahrensweise wird die Geschwindigkeit des Forderbandes erfaßt und zur Steuerung des Mengenstroms des den Materialzuführbehälters verlassenden flüssigen Materials zu verwenden. Weiterhin kann die geodätische Höhe des im Materialzuführbehälter befindlichen Metalls bei der Steuerung des Mengenstroms berücksichtigt werden.In addition to influencing the current position of the drop point of the Material feed container leaving liquid metal on the conveyor belt are in Advantageously, further control subsystems are used. So will proposed to increase the thickness of the strand of material located on the conveyor belt capture and to control the flow rate of the material supply container leaving liquid material to use Another advantageous The speed of the conveyor belt is recorded and used for control purposes of the mass flow of the liquid material leaving the material feed container to use. Furthermore, the geodetic height of the material supply container located metal are taken into account when controlling the volume flow.

Zur Steuerung der Position des Materialaufgabepunktes wird darüber hinaus vorgeschlagen, die Abfuhr der Wärme aus dem auf dem Förderband befindlichen Metallstranges zu berücksichtigen.It also controls the position of the material feed point proposed to remove the heat from the conveyor belt Metal strand to be considered.

Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens weist der Materialzuführbehälter Bewegungseiemente auf, mit denen er horizontal und dabei koaxial zur Hauptachse des Förderbandes in oder entgegen der Förderrichtung des Stranges bewegbar ist. Weiterhin ist der Materialzuführbehälter an einen Aktuator angeschlossen, der regeltechnisch mit einer die Durcherstarrung des Stranges und die Temperatur des Walzgutes berücksichtigende Regeleinrichtung verbunden ist und mit dem die Position des Materialzuführbehälters beliebig einstellbar ist.To carry out the method, the material feed container has Movement elements with which it is horizontal and coaxial to the main axis of the conveyor belt is movable in or against the direction of conveyance of the strand. Furthermore, the material supply container is connected to an actuator that control engineering with a solidification of the strand and the temperature of the Rolling material-taking control device is connected and with which the position of the material feed container can be adjusted as desired.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Materialzuführbehälter mit Rädern ausgerüstet, die auf Schienen laufen. Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, Gleitelemente einzusetzen, die mit einer Bahn korrespondieren.In an advantageous embodiment, the material feed container is with wheels equipped that run on rails. It is also proposed sliding elements use that correspond to a web.

In einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Bewegungselemente ein Schubgetriebe, welches so ausgestaltet ist, daß die Mündung der Auslaufdüse des Materialzuführbehälters für einen bestimmten als ausreichend angesehenen Bereich in konstanter Distanz zum Obertrum des Förderbandes führbar ist.In another advantageous embodiment, the movement elements are one Thrust gear, which is designed so that the mouth of the outlet nozzle of the Material feed container for a certain area considered sufficient in constant distance to the upper run of the conveyor belt is feasible.

In einer anderen Ausgestaltung werden Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten eingesetzt, die an eine Regeleinrichtung in der Weise angeschlossen sind, daß bei einer Horizontalbewegung des Materialzuführbehälters dessen Mündung in konstanter Distanz zum Obertrum des Förderbandes führbar ist. Die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten bilden hierbei die Stützen, die an den Ecken des Materialzuführbehälters angebracht sind. In another embodiment, piston-cylinder units are used which are connected to a control device are connected in such a way that at a Horizontal movement of the material feed container, the mouth of which is constant Distance to the upper run of the conveyor belt is feasible. The piston-cylinder units form the supports attached to the corners of the material supply container are.

Als Aktuator zur Änderung der horizontalen Position des Materialzuführbehälters wird als eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung eine hydraulische Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit vorgeschlagen. In einer Ausgestaltung ist eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit vorgesehen, die als Gleichgangzylinder ausgebildet ist, dessen eines Ende über eine Distanzstange mit dem Materialzuführbehälter verbunden ist.As an actuator to change the horizontal position of the material supply container as an advantageous embodiment, a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit suggested. In one embodiment, a piston-cylinder unit is provided, which is designed as a synchronous cylinder, one end of which has a spacer rod the material supply container is connected.

Als Positions-Aktuator wird in einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ein elektrischer Antrieb vorgeschlagen, der über ein Endlosband mit dem Materialzuführbehälter in Verbindung steht.In another advantageous embodiment, a is used as the position actuator electric drive proposed, which is connected to the endless belt Material supply container is connected.

Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, den Positions-Aktuator und den Materialzuführbehälter auf einem Gerüst anzuordnen und dabei den Aktuator für die Feinabstimmung und das Gerüst, welches einen eigenen Antrieb besitzt, für die Grobpositionierung der Position des Materialzuführbehälters einzusetzen.Furthermore, it is proposed the position actuator and the material feed container to be arranged on a scaffold and the actuator for fine tuning and that Scaffold, which has its own drive, for the rough positioning of the position of the material supply container.

Für den Materialzuführbehälter werden verschiedene Bauformen vorgeschlagen. In einer Ausgestaltungsform ist dem Materialzuführbehälter eine mit einer Stopfenstange oder einem Schieber versehene Pfanne vorgeschaltet, welche den Zufluß des flüssigen Metalls steuert. In einer anderen Ausgestaltungsform wird der Materialzuführbehälter als Unterdruckgefäß ausgebildet, welches eine Einfüllkammer aufweist, in die die Schmelze eingefüllt wird.Various designs are proposed for the material feed container. In In one embodiment, the material feed container is one with a stopper rod or a pan provided upstream of a slide, which controls the inflow of the controls liquid metal. In another embodiment, the Material supply container designed as a vacuum vessel, which has a filling chamber has, into which the melt is filled.

Um die gewünschten Werkstoffeigenschaften und das angestrebte Eingangstemperaturprofil sicher zu erreichen, wird in einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung eine Einhausung vorgesehen, die vom Aufgabepunkt des flüssigen Metalls auf das Förderband und während des Transportes durch dieses mindestens die freien Flächen des Stranges umhüllt. Diese Einhausung besitzt einen Deckel, der als Jalousie ausgestaltet ist. Diese Jalousie ist einenends mit der Auslaufdüse des Materialzuführbehälters verbunden und besitzt anderenends eine Aufwickelvorrichtung. Diese Einhausung ist an eine Gasversorgungseinrichtung angeschlossen, über die insbesondere Inertgas in den Freiraum gefördert wird. To the desired material properties and the desired In one embodiment, the inlet temperature profile is reliably reached Invention provided an enclosure from the point of application of the liquid metal on the conveyor belt and during transportation through this at least the free ones Wrapped surfaces of the strand. This enclosure has a lid that acts as a Venetian blind is designed. This blind is at one end with the outlet nozzle of the Material feed container connected and has one at the other end Take-up device. This enclosure is connected to a gas supply facility connected, through which inert gas in particular is pumped into the open space.

Ein Beispiel der Erfindung ist in der beiliegenden Zeichnung dargelegt. Dabei zeigen die

Figur 1
eine Einrichtung zum endabmessungsnahen Gießen einschließlich der Regeleinrichtung,
Figur 2
die Ausgestaltung des Materialzuführbehälters als Unterdruckgefäß,
Figur 3
eine Bandgießeinrichtung mit Einhausung.
An example of the invention is set out in the accompanying drawing. The show
Figure 1
a device for near-net-shape casting including the control device,
Figure 2
the design of the material feed container as a vacuum vessel,
Figure 3
a belt caster with housing.

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Materialzuführbehälter 11, über dessen Auslaufdüse 13 flüssiges Metall M ein Förderband 31 zugeführt wird. Der Materialzuführbehälter 11 ist über Bewegungselemente 22 in Richtung Hauptachse I des Förderbandes 31 bewegbar, im vorliegenden Fall sind dies Räder 14, die auf einer Schiene 23 laufen. Der Materialzuführbehälter wird dabei über eine Distanzstange 16 von einem Aktuator 21 horizontal in Richtung der Hauptachse I des Förderbandes 31 bewegt.FIG. 1 shows a material feed container 11, via its outlet nozzle 13 liquid metal M a conveyor belt 31 is supplied. The material supply container 11 is via movement elements 22 in the direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31 movable, in the present case these are wheels 14 which run on a rail 23. The material feed container is moved by an actuator via a spacer rod 16 21 moved horizontally in the direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31.

Zur Zufuhr des flüssigen Metalls M in den Materialzuführbehälter 11 ist eine Pfanne 66 vorgesehen, die einen Tauchausguß 67 besitzt, welcher kopfendig durch eine Stopfenstange 63 verschließbar ist.A pan 66 is provided for feeding the liquid metal M into the material feed container 11 provided that has a diving spout 67, which is head-end by a Plug rod 63 is closable.

Das Förderband 31, welches einen Obertrum 32 und einen Untertrum 33 besitzt, wird von einem Antrieb 34 angetrieben. Auf dem Obertrum 32 erstarrt das flüssige Metall M zum Strang S und wird einem Walzgerüst 91 zugeführt. Dieses Walzgerüst wird von einem Walzenantrieb 92 angetrieben, welches den Strang S auf die gewünschte Dicke des Walzgutes W auswalzt und abschließend in einer Aufwickeleinrichtung 74 aufwickelt.The conveyor belt 31, which has an upper run 32 and a lower run 33, is driven by a drive 34. The liquid metal M solidifies on the upper run 32 to the strand S and is fed to a roll stand 91. This roll stand is made by a roller drive 92 which drives the strand S to the desired thickness of the rolling stock W is rolled out and finally in a winding device 74 wound up.

Die Einrichtung zum endabmessungsnahen Gießen von rechteckigen Strängen aus Metall ist mit einer Reihe von Meßelementen bestückt, und zwar einem Meßelement 51 zum Erfassen der Durcherstarrung des Stranges S und einem Meßelement 52 zum Erfassen der Temperatur des Walzgutes W.The device for near-net-shape casting of rectangular strands Metal is equipped with a number of measuring elements, namely a measuring element 51 for detecting the solidification of strand S and a measuring element 52 for Detecting the temperature of the rolled stock W.

Am Antrieb 34 des Förderbandes 31 ist ein Meßelement 53 zum Erfassen der Geschwindigkeit vorgesehen. On the drive 34 of the conveyor belt 31 is a measuring element 53 for detecting the Speed provided.

Im Materialzuführbehälter 11 ist ein Meßelement 54 zum Erfassen der geodätischen Höhe des flüssigen Metalls M angeordnet.
Oberhalb des Obertrums 32 des Förderbandes 31 ist in der Nähe der Auslaufdüse 13 des Materialzuführbehälters 11 ein Meßelement 55 zum Erfassen der Dicke des Metallstranges angeordnet.
In der Nähe des Walzgerüstes 91 in Strangförderrichtung vor diesem ist ein Meßelement 56 zum Erfassen der Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Strang S vorgesehen.
In Förderrichtung des Stranges nach dem Waizgerüst 91 ist ein Meßelement 58 zum Erfassen der Dicke des Walzgutes W angeordnet.A measuring element 54 for detecting the geodetic height of the liquid metal M is arranged in the material feed container 11.
A measuring element 55 for detecting the thickness of the metal strand is arranged above the upper run 32 of the conveyor belt 31 in the vicinity of the outlet nozzle 13 of the material feed container 11.
In the vicinity of the roll stand 91 in the strand conveying direction in front of this, a measuring element 56 is provided for detecting the heat dissipation from the strand S.
A measuring element 58 for detecting the thickness of the rolling stock W is arranged in the conveying direction of the strand after the rolling stand 91.

Das Meßelement 51 zum Erfassen der Durcherstarrung und das Meßelement 52 zur Erfassung der Walzguttemperatur sind mit einer Regeleinrichtung 41 verbunden, die steuerungsmäßig mit dem Aktuator 21 zur Einstellung der Position des Materialzuführbehälters 11 in Verbindung steht.The measuring element 51 for detecting solidification and the measuring element 52 for Detection of the rolling stock temperature are connected to a control device 41 which in terms of control with the actuator 21 for adjusting the position of the Material feed container 11 is connected.

Das Meßelement 53 zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit des Förderbandes ist mit einer Regeleinrichtung 43, das Meßelement 54 zur Erfassung der geodätischen Höhe mit einer Regeleinrichtung 44 und das Meßelement 55 zur Erfassung der Dicke des Metallstranges mit einer Regeleinrichtung 45 verbunden, wobei die Regeleinrichtungen 43-45 mit einem Element 61 zur Steuerung der Menge des flüssigen Metalls M in Verbindung stehen.The measuring element 53 for detecting the speed of the conveyor belt is included a control device 43, the measuring element 54 for detecting the geodetic height with a control device 44 and the measuring element 55 for detecting the thickness of the Metal strand connected to a control device 45, the control devices 43-45 with an element 61 for controlling the amount of liquid metal M in Connect.

Das Meßelement 56 zur Erfassung der Wärmeabfuhr ist mit einer Regeleinrichtung 46, das Meßelement 57 zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit des Walzgerüstes mit einer Regeleinrichtung 47 und das Meßelement 58 zur Erfassung der Walzgutdicke mit einer Regeleinrichtung 48 verbunden, wobei die Regeleinrichtungen 46-48 mit der Regeleinrichtung 41 verknüpft sind. Die (Haupt-) Regeleinrichtung 41 stützt sich dabei im wesentlichen auf die Meßwerte der Meßelemente 51-52 und ergänzend auf die der Meßelemente 56-58.The measuring element 56 for detecting the heat dissipation is provided with a control device 46, the measuring element 57 for detecting the speed of the roll stand with a Control device 47 and the measuring element 58 for detecting the rolling stock thickness with a Control device 48 connected, the control devices 46-48 with the Control device 41 are linked. The (main) control device 41 is supported essentially on the measured values of the measuring elements 51-52 and in addition to that of Measuring elements 56-58.

Die Figur 2 zeigt einen Materialzuführbehalter 11, der als Unterdruckgefäß ausgestaltet ist, die mit einer Unterdruckvorrichtung 65 verbunden ist. Dieser Materialzuführbehälter besitzt eine Einfullkammer 12, in die ein Tauchausguß 67 hineinragt. Der Tauchausguß 67 ist durch ein Verschließelement 67 verschließbar, welches hier als Schieber 64 ausgestaltet ist. Der Tauchausguß 67 ist im Boden einer Pfanne 66, in der sich flüssiges Metall M befindet, angeordnet.FIG. 2 shows a material feed container 11, which acts as a vacuum vessel is configured, which is connected to a vacuum device 65. This Material feed container has a filling chamber 12, into which an immersion spout 67 protrudes. The immersion spout 67 can be closed by a closing element 67, which is designed here as a slide 64. The diving spout 67 is one in the bottom Pan 66, in which liquid metal M is located.

Der Materialzuführbehälter stützt sich auf Bewegungselemente 22 ab, die hier als Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 27 ausgestaltet sind. Diese Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 27, die regelungstechnisch mit einer Regeleinrichtung 49 in Verbindung stehen, sind in der Lage, die Auslaufdüse 13 und bei einer Bewegung des Materialzuführbehälters in Richtung der Hauptachse I des Förderbandes 31 in konstanter Distanz zum Obertrum 33 zu halten.The material supply container is based on movement elements 22, which here as Piston-cylinder units 27 are configured. These piston-cylinder units 27, which are connected in terms of control technology to a control device 49 are in the Able, the outlet nozzle 13 and in a movement of the material supply container in Direction of the main axis I of the conveyor belt 31 at a constant distance from the upper run 33 hold.

Der Materialzuführbehälter 11 ist über eine Distanzstange 16 mit einem Aktuator 21 verbunden, der hier als Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 28 ausgestaltet ist.The material feed container 11 is connected to an actuator 21 via a spacer rod 16 connected, which is designed here as a piston-cylinder unit 28.

Der Aktuator 21 für die Feinabstimmung und die Bewegungselemente 22 sind im vorliegenden Fall auf einem Gerüst 18 angeordnet, welches über Räder 14 auf einer Schiene 23 bewegbar ist. Zur Einstellung der Position, insbesondere der Grobposition des Materialzuführbehälters 11, ist mindestens eins der Räder 14 mit einem weiteren Aktuator 21 verbunden.The actuator 21 for fine tuning and the movement elements 22 are in the present case arranged on a scaffold 18, which on wheels 14 on a Rail 23 is movable. For setting the position, especially the rough position of the material supply container 11, at least one of the wheels 14 with another Actuator 21 connected.

In der Figur 3 sind die Bewegungselemente 22 als Gleitelemente 15 ausgestaltet, die an dem Materialzuführbehälter 11 befestigt sind und mit einer Bahn 24 korrespondieren.In FIG. 3, the movement elements 22 are designed as sliding elements 15 which are attached to the material supply container 11 and with a web 24th correspond.

Am Materialzuführbehälter 11 sind Hebel 25 vorgesehen, die Gelenke 26 aufweisen, mit denen die Position der Auslaufdüse 13 zum Obertrum 33 des Förderbandes 31 beliebig einstellbar ist.Levers 25, which have joints 26, are provided on the material feed container 11, with which the position of the outlet nozzle 13 to the upper run 33 of the conveyor belt 31st is freely adjustable.

Der Materialzuführbehälter 11 ist im vorliegenden Fall über ein Endlosband 17 verbunden, welches an einen Aktuator 21 angeschlossen ist, der hier als elektrischer Antrieb 29 ausgestaltet ist.The material feed container 11 is in the present case via an endless belt 17th connected, which is connected to an actuator 21, which here as an electrical Drive 29 is configured.

Weiterhin ist der Strang S von einer Einhausung 71 umhüllt, die mit einer Gasversorgung 81 in Verbindung steht. Die Einhausung 71 besitzt einen Deckel 72. der im vorliegenden Fall als Jalousie 73 ausgestaltet ist. Die Jalousie 73 ist einenends am Materiafzuführbehäfter 11 gasdicht befestigt und weist anderenends Aufwickelvorrichtungen 74 auf. Über die Gasversorgung 81 wird vorzugsweise Inertgas in den Innenraum 75 der Einhausung 71 gefördert. Furthermore, the strand S is encased by a housing 71, which with a Gas supply 81 is connected. The housing 71 has a cover 72. which in the present case is designed as a venetian blind 73. The blind 73 is at one end attached to the Materiafzuführbehäfter 11 gas-tight and has other ends Rewinders 74 on. Inert gas is preferably supplied via the gas supply 81 promoted in the interior 75 of the housing 71.

PositionslistePosition list Zufuhrsupply

1111
MetallzuführbehälterMetal hopper
1212th
EinfüllkammerFilling chamber
1313
AuslaufdüseOutlet nozzle
1414
Räderbikes
1515
GleitelementeSliding elements
1616
DistanzstangeSpacer bar
1717th
EndlosbandEndless belt
1818th
Gerüstframework
BewegenMove

2121
AktuatorActuator
2222
BewegungselementeMovement elements
2323
Schienerail
2424th
Bahntrain
2525th
Hebellever
2626
GelenkeJoints
2727
Kolben-Zylinder-EinheitPiston-cylinder unit
2828
Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit (21)Piston-cylinder unit (21)
2929
Elektrischer AntriebElectric drive
Bandtape

3131
FörderbandConveyor belt
3232
ObertrumObertrum
3333
UntertrumLower run
3434
Antrieb (31)Drive (31)
Regelnregulate

4141
Regeleinrichtung (51, 52)Control device (51, 52)
4343
Regeleinrichtung (53)Control device (53)
4444
Regeleinrichtung (54)Control device (54)
4545
Regeleinrichtung (55) Control device (55)
4646
Regeleinrichtung (56)Control device (56)
4747
Regeleinrichtung (57)Control device (57)
4848
Regeleinrichtung (58)Control device (58)
4949
Regeleinrichtung (27)Control device (27)
Messenmeasure up

5151
Meßelement DurcherstarrungSolidification measuring element
5252
ME WalzguttemperaturME rolling stock temperature
5353
ME Geschwindigkeit FörderbandME speed conveyor belt
5454
ME geodätische Höhe (11)ME Geodetic Height (11)
5555
ME Dicke MetallstrangME Thick metal strand
5656
ME WärmeabfuhrME heat dissipation
5757
ME Geschwindigkeit WalzgerüstME speed mill stand
5858
ME Dicke WalzgutME thick rolling stock
Mengequantity

6161
Element (Menge)Element (quantity)
6262
VerschließelementClosing element
6363
StopfenstangePlug rod
6464
SchieberSlider
6565
UnterdruckvorrichtungVacuum device
6666
Pfannepan
6767
TauchausgußDiving spout
EinhausenEinhausen

7171
EinhausungEnclosure
7272
Deckelcover
7373
Jalousielouvre
7474
AufwickelvorrichtungTake-up device
7575
Innenrauminner space
Gasgas

8181
GasversorgungGas supply
WalzenRollers

9191
WalzgerüstMill stand
9292
WalzenantriebRoller drive
9393
Coil-EinrichtungCoil facility
MM
Flüssiqes MetallLiquid metal
SS
Strangstrand
WW
WalzgutRolling stock
ll
HauptachseMain axis

Claims (20)

  1. Process for the near net shape casting of rectangular strands of metal, especially steel, and the subsequent in-line rolling of the strand; with a material supply container, through the outlet nozzle of which the liquid metal is issued on to the upper side of a conveyor belt, on which it solidifies and is passed onwards to a rolling stand where it is formed, with the following steps:
    a) before the start of the casting process
    aa) the delivery point of the liquid metal on to the conveyor belt is preset approximately
    ab) the feeding speed of the conveyor belt is set in dependence on the desired rolling thickness and the speed of the rolling stand
    b) during the casting process
    ba) the position of full solidification of the metal strand on the conveyor belt is detected,
    bb) the temperature of the rolling stock is recorded within the area of the rolling stand, and
    bc) the position of full solidification and the temperature of the rolling stock are used as actuating variables for the current position of the delivery point, on the conveyor belt, of the liquid metal leaving the material supply container.
  2. Process as in Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact
    that the thickness of the metal strand on the conveyor belt is detected and is used to control the mass flow of the liquid metal leaving the material supply container.
  3. Process as in Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact
    that the speed of the conveyor belt is detected and is used to control the mass flow of the liquid metal leaving the material supply container.
  4. Process as in one of the above Claims,
    characterised by the fact
    that the geodetic level of the metal inside the material supply container is taken into account in controlling the mass flow of the liquid metal leaving the material supply container.
  5. Process as in Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact
    that the dissipation of the heat from the metal strand on the conveyor belt is taken into account in controlling the position of the material delivery point.
  6. Device for the near net shape casting of rectangular strands of metal, especially steel, and subsequent in-line rolling of the strand, having a metal supply container with an outlet nozzle, a horizontal conveyor belt, and at least one rolling stand positioned after these, for the purpose of carrying out the process as in Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact
    that the material supply container (11) is linked to motive elements (22), by means of which it can be moved coaxially with the main axis of the conveyor belt (31) either in or against the direction of movement of the strand (S), and
    that the material supply container (11) is connected to an actuator (21), which is linked, as part of an automatic control system, with a control unit (41), to which are connected measuring elements (51) to detect the position of full solidification of the strand (S), and measuring elements (52) to detect the temperature of the rolling stock.
  7. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that an element (61) is provided with which the mass flow of the metal through the outlet nozzle (13) of the metal supply container (11) can be controlled.
  8. Device as in Claim 7,
    characterised by the fact
    that one element (61) is in the form of a controllable closing element (62) and/or of a vacuum device (65).
  9. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the motive elements (22) are wheels which are linked to the material supply container (11) and which run on rails (23).
  10. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the motive elements (22) are sliders (15) which are linked to the material supply container (11) and which correspond to a track (24).
  11. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the motive elements (22) consist of levers (25) with articulation (26), which are in the form of a sliding gear drive, so that when the material supply container (11) is moved horizontally, the opening of its outlet nozzle (13) can be guided within a specific area at a constant distance from the upper side (32) of the conveyor belt (31).
  12. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the motive elements (22) are piston cylinder units (27), which are connected to a control unit (49) in such a way that when the material supply container (11) is moved horizontally, the opening of its outlet nozzle (13) can be guided at a constant distance from the upper side (32) of the conveyor belt.
  13. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the actuator (21) is a hydraulic piston cylinder unit (28).
  14. Device as in Claim 13,
    characterised by the fact
    that the piston cylinder unit (28) is in the form of a synchronous cylinder, one end of which is linked to the material supply container (11) by means of a spacing bar (16).
  15. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the actuator (21) is in the form of an electric drive unit, which is linked to the material supply container (11) by means of a continuous belt (17).
  16. Device as in one of Claims 6 to 15
    characterised by the fact
    that the motive elements (22) of the material supply container (11), and the actuator (21) which is connected to it, are positioned on a stand (18), which has its own drive unit (29) to move it coaxially with the main axis (I) of the conveyor belt (31).
  17. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that the material supply container (11) is in the form of a vacuum vessel, with a filling chamber (12) which can be filled with molten metal mass.
  18. Device as in Claim 6,
    characterised by the fact
    that there is a housing (71) which encloses at least the open surfaces of the strand (S) from the delivery point on the conveyor belt (31) throughout the passage of the strand through the conveyor.
  19. Device as in Claim 18,
    characterised by the fact
    that the housing (71) has a cover (72) which is in the form of a shutter (73), which is connected at one end to the outlet nozzle (13) of the material supply container (11) and which does not impede the movement of the container, and which is connected at the other end with a rolling-up device (74).
  20. Device as in Claims 18 or 19,
    characterised by the fact
    that the housing (71) is connected to a gas supply device (81).
EP99919121A 1998-05-19 1999-03-19 Method and device for casting metal close to final dimensions Expired - Lifetime EP1077782B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823440A DE19823440C1 (en) 1998-05-19 1998-05-19 Method and device for the near-dimensional casting of metal
DE19823440 1998-05-19
PCT/DE1999/000891 WO1999059750A1 (en) 1998-05-19 1999-03-19 Method and device for casting metal close to final dimensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1077782A1 EP1077782A1 (en) 2001-02-28
EP1077782B1 true EP1077782B1 (en) 2001-11-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (21)

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US (1) US6363997B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1077782B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4703848B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100589083B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1206057C (en)
AT (1) ATE209544T1 (en)
AU (1) AU754397B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9911053A (en)
CA (1) CA2332914C (en)
CZ (1) CZ298804B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19823440C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2164490T3 (en)
HU (1) HU222717B1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA00011323A (en)
PL (1) PL189011B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2213642C2 (en)
SK (1) SK285609B6 (en)
TR (1) TR200003387T2 (en)
UA (1) UA63011C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999059750A1 (en)
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WO2009065517A1 (en) * 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Sms Siemag Ag Method and device for producing a metal strip

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GB0403411D0 (en) * 2003-11-25 2004-03-24 Unilever Plc Process to prepare a shaped solid detergent
DE102004002783A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-08-04 Sms Demag Ag Method and device for determining the position of the sump tip in the casting strand in the continuous casting of liquid metals, in particular of liquid steel materials
DE102004061080A1 (en) * 2004-12-18 2006-06-22 Sms Demag Ag Method and device for strip casting of metals
JP4822720B2 (en) * 2005-03-17 2011-11-24 Ｊｘ日鉱日石金属株式会社 Anode casting method and anode casting apparatus
KR100846423B1 (en) 2006-11-16 2008-07-15 스탠다드펌아시아리미티드 주식회사 An apparatus for casting billet
RU2431116C2 (en) * 2007-03-09 2011-10-10 Смс Зимаг Аг Device and procedure for thickness measurement
GB2522873A (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-12 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh A method of forming tailored cast blanks
DE102015114725B3 (en) * 2015-09-03 2016-12-08 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Melt feed system for a horizontal strip caster
DE102016116711A1 (en) 2016-09-07 2018-03-08 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing a metal strip on a horizontal strip casting plant
DE102017103046A1 (en) 2017-02-15 2018-08-16 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Horizontal strip caster with optimized casting atmosphere

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US4993477A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Molten metal feed system controlled with a traveling magnetic field
DE4218587C1 (en) * 1991-09-27 1993-11-04 Wieland Werke Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A METAL STRIP NEAR DIMENSIONS
DE4344953C2 (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-10-02 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for casting a metal strip close to its final dimensions
DE4407873C2 (en) * 1994-03-04 1997-04-10 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for cooling molten steel
CZ290859B6 (en) * 1996-06-07 2002-10-16 Salzgitter Ag Plant for casting strips

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009065517A1 (en) * 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Sms Siemag Ag Method and device for producing a metal strip
TWI381893B (en) * 2007-11-21 2013-01-11 Sms Siemag Ag Method and device for manufacturing a strip of metal

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TR200003387T2 (en) 2001-03-21
EP1077782A1 (en) 2001-02-28
PL344247A1 (en) 2001-10-22
BR9911053A (en) 2001-02-06
DE59900475D1 (en) 2002-01-10
CZ20004273A3 (en) 2001-07-11
MXPA00011323A (en) 2003-05-19
HUP0101807A2 (en) 2001-09-28
CN1206057C (en) 2005-06-15
ATE209544T1 (en) 2001-12-15
ES2164490T3 (en) 2002-02-16
KR20010043684A (en) 2001-05-25
CA2332914A1 (en) 1999-11-25
UA63011C2 (en) 2004-01-15
ZA200006698B (en) 2002-02-18
JP2002515339A (en) 2002-05-28
AU754397B2 (en) 2002-11-14
US6363997B1 (en) 2002-04-02
DE19823440C1 (en) 1999-12-09
HU222717B1 (en) 2003-09-29
CZ298804B6 (en) 2008-02-06
RU2213642C2 (en) 2003-10-10
SK285609B6 (en) 2007-04-05
WO1999059750A1 (en) 1999-11-25
CA2332914C (en) 2006-11-14
HUP0101807A3 (en) 2001-10-29
SK17542000A3 (en) 2001-06-11
PL189011B1 (en) 2005-06-30
CN1301203A (en) 2001-06-27
JP4703848B2 (en) 2011-06-15
KR100589083B1 (en) 2006-06-13

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