EP1074749A2 - Press-block coupling for fluid circuits - Google Patents
Press-block coupling for fluid circuits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1074749A2 EP1074749A2 EP00116843A EP00116843A EP1074749A2 EP 1074749 A2 EP1074749 A2 EP 1074749A2 EP 00116843 A EP00116843 A EP 00116843A EP 00116843 A EP00116843 A EP 00116843A EP 1074749 A2 EP1074749 A2 EP 1074749A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- valve element
- press
- fluid
- auxiliary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
- F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
- F15B13/0803—Modular units
- F15B13/0807—Manifolds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a press-block coupling for fluid circuits.
- Press-block couplings enable activation or interruption of connection of two branches of a fluid circuit without requiring particular ancillary operations.
- a press-block coupling is made up of two half-couplings in each of which is mounted a valve element elastically pushed towards a closed position.
- the respective valve elements are pressed one against the other towards a position of opening of the respective valve seats.
- press-block couplings of a known type comprise a male connection which fits into a female connection.
- a first purpose of the present invention is to provide a press-block coupling that is without cavities and can be cleaned easily.
- a second purpose of the present invention is to provide a press-block coupling which enables leakage of fluid to be avoided during connection and disconnection manoeuvres.
- the coupling 10 designates a press-block coupling according to the present invention.
- the coupling 10 comprises a base body 12 having a plane face 14 designed to rest against a corresponding face of a complementary coupling.
- the base body 12 has a first opening 16 which is designed to be connected to a branch of a fluid circuit, for example, by means of a hose (not illustrated).
- the first opening 16 communicates with a cylindrical chamber 18 which ends with a second opening 20.
- the second opening 20 is designed to establish a fluid connection with a corresponding opening of a complementary coupling.
- the second opening 20 is surrounded by a first annular seal 22 housed in a groove formed in the plane face 14.
- a valve seat 24 is formed in the vicinity of the second opening 20.
- the valve seat 24 is made up of an annular edge adjacent to a cylindrical hole defining the second opening 20.
- a valve element 26 is mounted in a sliding way inside the chamber 18.
- the valve element 26 has a plunger portion 28 which engages, with little play, the cylindrical wall of the chamber 18 and divides the chamber into a first section 18a and a second section 18b.
- the valve element 26 moreover has a closing portion 30 having a surface 32 shaped like the frustum of a cone, which is designed to close the valve seat 24.
- the base body 12 has a hole 34 for insertion of the valve element 26 into the chamber 18.
- the hole 34 is sealed by a plug 36.
- a helical spring 38 in compression is set between the plug 36 and the valve element 26, and produces an elastic force which pushes the surface 32 having the shape of a frustum of a cone against the valve seat 24.
- the helical spring 38 is partially housed within a blind hole 40 formed in the plunger portion 28 of the valve element 26.
- In the closed position of the valve element 26 i.e., in the condition where the valve seat 24 is closed by the surface 32 having the shape of a truncated cone) there is a distance h between the valve element 26 and the plug 36. This distance h represents the opening stroke of the valve element 26.
- a calibrated throat 42 is formed in the closing portion 30 of the valve element 26.
- the calibrated throat 42 sets the first section 18a of the chamber 18 in fluid connection with a blind duct 44 communicating with the second section 18b.
- the closing section 30 in the valve element 26 further comprises a non-return valve 46 set in a hole which sets the duct 44 in communication with the first section 18a.
- the non-return valve 46 enables direct passage of fluid from the second section 18b towards the first section 18a and prevents fluid flow in the opposite direction. From the constructional point of view, the non-return valve 46 consists of a ball, and an elastic ring 50 prevents the ball 46 from coming out of the hole 48.
- the coupling 10 further comprises an auxiliary chamber 52 communicating with an auxiliary opening 54 formed in the plane face 14.
- the auxiliary chamber 52 communicates with the section 18b of the main chamber 18 by means of a duct 56.
- An auxiliary valve element 58 consisting, for example, of a ball is designed to close the auxiliary opening 54. In the closed configuration, the auxiliary valve element 58 protrudes from the plane face 14.
- a second annular seal 60 surrounds the auxiliary opening 54.
- a rod 62 is set in a freely sliding way inside the auxiliary chamber 52. The rod 62 and the auxiliary valve element 58 are inserted in the auxiliary chamber 52 through a hole 64 sealed by plug 66.
- a helical spring 68 in compression is set between the rod 62 and the plug 66, and produces an elastic force which pushes the auxiliary valve element 58 into the closing position of the auxiliary opening 54.
- the rod 62 is at a distance from the plug 66 by an amount h1 which defines the opening stroke of the auxiliary valve element 58.
- Figure 2 illustrates a press-block coupling made up of two couplings 18 which are complementary to one another and are coupled together.
- the second coupling 10 does not have the seals 22, 60 on the plane face 14, but, apart from this difference, is substantially identical to the first coupling, and the elements corresponding to the ones described previously are designated by the same reference numbers.
- the two complementary couplings are provided with means of reciprocal connection designed to withhold the two plane faces 14 in a mutually facing position.
- these connection means comprise a screw 70 which extends with play through a through hole 72 formed in the base body 12 of the first coupling and engages a threaded hole 74 formed in the base body 12 of the second coupling.
- the base body 12 of one or of both the couplings may be provided with a step 76 ( Figure 1) projecting from the plane face 14.
- the said step constitutes a reference surface set in such a way that the holes 72, 74 of the two complementary couplings are aligned with respect to one another when a corresponding reference surface of the complementary coupling is set up against the step 76.
- Figure 2 illustrates the condition in which the two couplings 10 are mechanically coupled together by means of the screw 70 and a fluid under pressure is fed to the first opening 16 of one of the two couplings.
- one of the two couplings is in the condition of Figure 1, with a fluid pressure P1 in the first opening 16.
- the first opening 16 communicates directly with the first section 18a of the main chamber 18.
- the non-return valve 46 is closed, and in the second section 18b there is the same pressure P1, given that the section 18b communicates with the section 18a by means of the calibrated throat 42.
- the auxiliary chamber 52 there is therefore the same pressure P1.
- the auxiliary valve element 58 is pressed against the auxiliary opening 54 by the pressure of the fluid and by the elastic force of the spring 68.
- the auxiliary valve element 58 is pressed against the valve seat 24 by the pressure P1 and by the elastic force of the spring 38.
- a coupling 10 having the pressure P1 in its first opening 16 is connected with a complementary coupling 10 having a pressure P2 smaller than P1, in the opening 16.
- the complementary coupling prior to connection of the joint, is in the condition in which both the auxiliary valve element 58 and the main valve element 26 are closed.
- the auxiliary valve elements 58 are opened by the mechanical force that pushes the one against the other.
- the pressure of the fluid in the auxiliary chamber 52 of the first coupling which initially was equal to the value P1, decreases, and the pressure in the section 18b of the main chamber 18 decreases accordingly.
- the pressure in the section 18a also remains at the value P1.
- the pressure in the section 18b of the first coupling does not instantaneously go to the value P1 because the calibrated throat 42 causes a delay.
- the main valve element 26 is subjected to a pressure force opposed to the elastic force of the spring 38.
- the pressure force exceeds the elastic force, the main valve element 26 assumes the open configuration.
- the press-block coupling according to the present invention eliminates almost completely the leakages of fluid during the manoeuvres of connection and disconnection. During operation, the coupling has smaller head losses than do corresponding couplings of a known type, because the openings 20 are not obstructed by the presence of the main valve element 26.
- Another major advantage of the press-block coupling according to the present invention is that the faces of mutual coupling 14 are almost completely smooth and can be cleaned with extreme ease. Furthermore, the present invention enables a multiple number of couplings independent from one another to be made inside one and the same base body 12.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
Abstract
- a base body (12) provided with a first opening (16), designed to be connected to a branch of a fluid circuit, and with a second opening (20), designed to establish a fluid connection with a corresponding opening of a complementary coupling; and
- at least one main valve element (26) which can slide in the base body (12) and co-operates with a valve seat (24) designed to activate or interrupt fluid connection between the first opening (16) and the second opening (20).
Description
- The present invention relates to a press-block coupling for fluid circuits.
- Press-block couplings enable activation or interruption of connection of two branches of a fluid circuit without requiring particular ancillary operations. A press-block coupling is made up of two half-couplings in each of which is mounted a valve element elastically pushed towards a closed position. In known solutions, when two complementary couplings are coupled together, the respective valve elements are pressed one against the other towards a position of opening of the respective valve seats. When the two couplings are moved apart, the respective valve elements automatically close as a result of the thrust of the springs. Generally, press-block couplings of a known type comprise a male connection which fits into a female connection. These couplings are frequently employed in very dirty environments, and the presence of cavities within which dirt can collect forces the operator to carry out difficult cleaning operations whenever two complementary couplings are engaged together. This problem is particularly serious because, if cleaning is inadequate, particles of dirt could enter into circulation in the hydraulic circuit and damage hydraulic components.
- A first purpose of the present invention is to provide a press-block coupling that is without cavities and can be cleaned easily.
- A second purpose of the present invention is to provide a press-block coupling which enables leakage of fluid to be avoided during connection and disconnection manoeuvres.
- According to the present invention, the above purposes are achieved by a press-block coupling having the characteristics forming the subject of the claims.
- The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are given purely to furnish a non-limiting example, and in which:
- Figure 1 is a schematic cross section of a press-block coupling according to the present invention, and
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross section illustrating a joint made up of two complementary couplings joined together.
- With reference to Figure 1, the
number 10 designates a press-block coupling according to the present invention. Thecoupling 10 comprises abase body 12 having aplane face 14 designed to rest against a corresponding face of a complementary coupling. Thebase body 12 has afirst opening 16 which is designed to be connected to a branch of a fluid circuit, for example, by means of a hose (not illustrated). Thefirst opening 16 communicates with acylindrical chamber 18 which ends with asecond opening 20. Thesecond opening 20 is designed to establish a fluid connection with a corresponding opening of a complementary coupling. Thesecond opening 20 is surrounded by a firstannular seal 22 housed in a groove formed in theplane face 14. Avalve seat 24 is formed in the vicinity of the second opening 20. In the example illustrated in the figure, thevalve seat 24 is made up of an annular edge adjacent to a cylindrical hole defining thesecond opening 20. - A
valve element 26 is mounted in a sliding way inside thechamber 18. Thevalve element 26 has aplunger portion 28 which engages, with little play, the cylindrical wall of thechamber 18 and divides the chamber into afirst section 18a and asecond section 18b. Thevalve element 26 moreover has aclosing portion 30 having asurface 32 shaped like the frustum of a cone, which is designed to close thevalve seat 24. - The
base body 12 has ahole 34 for insertion of thevalve element 26 into thechamber 18. Thehole 34 is sealed by aplug 36. Ahelical spring 38 in compression is set between theplug 36 and thevalve element 26, and produces an elastic force which pushes thesurface 32 having the shape of a frustum of a cone against thevalve seat 24. Thehelical spring 38 is partially housed within ablind hole 40 formed in theplunger portion 28 of thevalve element 26. In the closed position of the valve element 26 (i.e., in the condition where thevalve seat 24 is closed by thesurface 32 having the shape of a truncated cone) there is a distance h between thevalve element 26 and theplug 36. This distance h represents the opening stroke of thevalve element 26. - A calibrated throat 42 is formed in the
closing portion 30 of thevalve element 26. The calibrated throat 42 sets thefirst section 18a of thechamber 18 in fluid connection with a blind duct 44 communicating with thesecond section 18b. Theclosing section 30 in thevalve element 26 further comprises anon-return valve 46 set in a hole which sets the duct 44 in communication with thefirst section 18a. Thenon-return valve 46 enables direct passage of fluid from thesecond section 18b towards thefirst section 18a and prevents fluid flow in the opposite direction. From the constructional point of view, thenon-return valve 46 consists of a ball, and anelastic ring 50 prevents theball 46 from coming out of the hole 48. - The
coupling 10 according to the present invention further comprises anauxiliary chamber 52 communicating with anauxiliary opening 54 formed in theplane face 14. Theauxiliary chamber 52 communicates with thesection 18b of themain chamber 18 by means of aduct 56. Anauxiliary valve element 58 consisting, for example, of a ball is designed to close theauxiliary opening 54. In the closed configuration, theauxiliary valve element 58 protrudes from theplane face 14. A secondannular seal 60 surrounds theauxiliary opening 54. Arod 62 is set in a freely sliding way inside theauxiliary chamber 52. Therod 62 and theauxiliary valve element 58 are inserted in theauxiliary chamber 52 through ahole 64 sealed byplug 66. Ahelical spring 68 in compression is set between therod 62 and theplug 66, and produces an elastic force which pushes theauxiliary valve element 58 into the closing position of theauxiliary opening 54. When theauxiliary valve element 58 closes theauxiliary opening 54, therod 62 is at a distance from theplug 66 by an amount h1 which defines the opening stroke of theauxiliary valve element 58. - Figure 2 illustrates a press-block coupling made up of two
couplings 18 which are complementary to one another and are coupled together. Thesecond coupling 10 does not have theseals plane face 14, but, apart from this difference, is substantially identical to the first coupling, and the elements corresponding to the ones described previously are designated by the same reference numbers. The two complementary couplings are provided with means of reciprocal connection designed to withhold the two plane faces 14 in a mutually facing position. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, these connection means comprise ascrew 70 which extends with play through athrough hole 72 formed in thebase body 12 of the first coupling and engages a threadedhole 74 formed in thebase body 12 of the second coupling. To facilitate alignment of theholes base body 12 of one or of both the couplings may be provided with a step 76 (Figure 1) projecting from theplane face 14. The said step constitutes a reference surface set in such a way that theholes step 76. - Figure 2 illustrates the condition in which the two
couplings 10 are mechanically coupled together by means of thescrew 70 and a fluid under pressure is fed to thefirst opening 16 of one of the two couplings. - With reference to Figure 2, in the condition in which the two
complementary couplings 10 are coupled together, theopenings auxiliary valve elements 58, which are pressed one against the other. These elements move away from therespective openings 54 and activate the fluid connection between theauxiliary chambers 52 of the two complementary couplings. - Before the connection with a complementary coupling is made, one of the two couplings is in the condition of Figure 1, with a fluid pressure P1 in the
first opening 16. Thefirst opening 16 communicates directly with thefirst section 18a of themain chamber 18. Thenon-return valve 46 is closed, and in thesecond section 18b there is the same pressure P1, given that thesection 18b communicates with thesection 18a by means of the calibrated throat 42. In theauxiliary chamber 52 there is therefore the same pressure P1. In this condition, theauxiliary valve element 58 is pressed against theauxiliary opening 54 by the pressure of the fluid and by the elastic force of thespring 68. Theauxiliary valve element 58 is pressed against thevalve seat 24 by the pressure P1 and by the elastic force of thespring 38. - Now, suppose that a
coupling 10 having the pressure P1 in itsfirst opening 16 is connected with acomplementary coupling 10 having a pressure P2 smaller than P1, in theopening 16. Also the complementary coupling, prior to connection of the joint, is in the condition in which both theauxiliary valve element 58 and themain valve element 26 are closed. - When the two complementary couplings are coupled together, the
auxiliary valve elements 58 are opened by the mechanical force that pushes the one against the other. The pressure of the fluid in theauxiliary chamber 52 of the first coupling, which initially was equal to the value P1, decreases, and the pressure in thesection 18b of themain chamber 18 decreases accordingly. Assuming that the pressure in theopening 16 of the first coupling is kept constantly at P1, the pressure in thesection 18a also remains at the value P1. The pressure in thesection 18b of the first coupling does not instantaneously go to the value P1 because the calibrated throat 42 causes a delay. At the instant in which the pressure in thesection 18a of the first coupling is greater than the pressure in thechamber section 18b, themain valve element 26 is subjected to a pressure force opposed to the elastic force of thespring 38. When the pressure force exceeds the elastic force, themain valve element 26 assumes the open configuration. - In the
auxiliary chamber 52 of the complementary coupling, the pressure, which initially was P2, increases. Consequently, the pressure in thesection 18b of the second coupling increases. Hence, thenon-return valve 46 opens and sets thesection 18a in fluid connection with thesection 18b. Consequently, the pressure in thesection 18a increases rapidly, and this pressure increase, combined with the pressure P1 acting on theopening 20, brings about opening of themain valve element 26 of the second coupling. In conditions of equilibrium, the joint is thus in the configuration illustrated in Figure 2, where theauxiliary valve elements 58 are kept open by the mechanical force that pushes them against each other, and themain valve elements 26 are kept open by the pressure of the fluid. - When the circulation of fluid ceases, the fluid pressures in the two
couplings 10 of the joint become equal, and the twomain valve elements 26 close under the action of the elastic forces produced by thesprings 38. More precisely, when the twocouplings 10 are separated from one another, the mechanical force that keeps theauxiliary valve elements 58 pressed against each other ceases, and these valve elements assume their closed position under the action of the pressure of the fluid and of the elastic force produced by the respective springs 68. The closing of theauxiliary valve elements 58 produces an increase in pressure in thesections 18b of themain chambers 18, and, following upon this increase in pressure, themain valve elements 26 are forced into their closed position under the action of the pressure of the fluid and of the elastic force exerted by the respective springs 38. - The press-block coupling according to the present invention eliminates almost completely the leakages of fluid during the manoeuvres of connection and disconnection. During operation, the coupling has smaller head losses than do corresponding couplings of a known type, because the
openings 20 are not obstructed by the presence of themain valve element 26. Another major advantage of the press-block coupling according to the present invention is that the faces ofmutual coupling 14 are almost completely smooth and can be cleaned with extreme ease. Furthermore, the present invention enables a multiple number of couplings independent from one another to be made inside one and thesame base body 12.
Claims (6)
- A press-block coupling for fluid circuits, comprising:a base body (12) provided with a first opening (16), designed to be connected to a branch of a fluid circuit, and with a second opening (20), designed to establish a fluid connection with a corresponding opening of a complementary coupling; andat least one main valve element (26) which can move in a main chamber (18) formed in the base body (12) and co-operates with a valve seat (24) designed to activate or interrupt fluid connection between the first opening (16) and the second opening (20),
characterized in that it comprises an auxiliary valve element (58) with mechanical opening, set in such a way that, in use, following upon mechanical opening of the auxiliary valve element (58), a variation in pressure is produced in said main chamber (18) such as to bring about opening of the main valve element (26) under the action of the pressure of the fluid. - A press-block coupling according to Claim 1, characterized in that the main valve element (26) comprises a plunger portion (28) which divides the main chamber (18) into two sections (18a, 18b), the first one of which (18a) contains the aforesaid valve seat (24), and the second one of which (18b) is in fluid connection with the aforesaid auxiliary opening (54) by means of the auxiliary valve element (58).
- A press-block coupling according to Claim 2, characterized in that the main valve element (26) presents a calibrated throat (42) which sets said sections (18a, 18b) of the main chamber (18) in communication with one another.
- A press-block coupling according to Claim 1, characterized in that the base body (12) comprises a plane face (14) in which said second opening (20) and said auxiliary opening (54) are formed.
- A press-block coupling according to Claim 3, characterized in that the aforesaid auxiliary valve element comprises a closing element (58) which, in the closed position, projects partially from said plane face (14).
- A press-block coupling according to Claim 2, characterized in that the main valve element (26) comprises a non-return valve (46) inserted in a duct (44, 48) that connects said sections (18a, 18b) of the main chamber (18) together.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO990698 | 1999-08-06 | ||
IT1999TO000698A IT1310675B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 1999-08-06 | QUICK COUPLING FITTING FOR FLUID CIRCUITS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1074749A2 true EP1074749A2 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1074749A3 EP1074749A3 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
EP1074749B1 EP1074749B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
Family
ID=11418022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00116843A Expired - Lifetime EP1074749B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-08-04 | Press-block coupling for fluid circuits |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1074749B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60009809T2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1310675B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1529964A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-11 | Moog-Hydrolux S.a.r.l. | Hydraulic coupling device |
GB2384327B (en) * | 2001-11-12 | 2005-06-22 | Otto Harman Seyfarth | Integrated Pneumatic manifold |
DE102010016490A1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Lehnhoff Hartstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Quick-change device for coupling a tool to a work machine |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3910312A (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1975-10-07 | Karl Weinhold | Coupling for pressure conduits |
US4094228A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1978-06-13 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Fluid system having load pressure equalizing valve assemblies |
DE3246738A1 (en) * | 1982-09-28 | 1984-03-29 | Dr. H. Tiefenbach Gmbh & Co, 4300 Essen | HYDRAULIC VALVE CONTROLLED BY OWN MEDIUM WITH ADJUSTABLE FLOW SECTION |
EP0126291B1 (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1988-07-27 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Fluid pressure-controlled valve |
NO177836C (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1995-12-06 | Kvaerner Energy As | Hydraulic clutch |
-
1999
- 1999-08-06 IT IT1999TO000698A patent/IT1310675B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-08-04 EP EP00116843A patent/EP1074749B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-04 DE DE60009809T patent/DE60009809T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2384327B (en) * | 2001-11-12 | 2005-06-22 | Otto Harman Seyfarth | Integrated Pneumatic manifold |
EP1529964A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-11 | Moog-Hydrolux S.a.r.l. | Hydraulic coupling device |
DE102010016490A1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Lehnhoff Hartstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Quick-change device for coupling a tool to a work machine |
DE102010016490B4 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2013-01-10 | Lehnhoff Hartstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Quick-change device for coupling a tool to a work machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60009809T2 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
EP1074749A3 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
ITTO990698A1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
ITTO990698A0 (en) | 1999-08-06 |
EP1074749B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
DE60009809D1 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
IT1310675B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
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