EP1065316B1 - Composite steel-concrete bridge- or walk way structure, especially bridge with double composite beams under the deck - Google Patents

Composite steel-concrete bridge- or walk way structure, especially bridge with double composite beams under the deck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1065316B1
EP1065316B1 EP00401844A EP00401844A EP1065316B1 EP 1065316 B1 EP1065316 B1 EP 1065316B1 EP 00401844 A EP00401844 A EP 00401844A EP 00401844 A EP00401844 A EP 00401844A EP 1065316 B1 EP1065316 B1 EP 1065316B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
bridge according
bridge
girders
slab
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00401844A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1065316A1 (en
Inventor
André Piquet
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vinci Construction Grands Projets
Vinci Construction SAS
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GTM Construction SAS
Vinci Construction Grands Projets SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/02—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the I-girder type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
    • E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed
    • E01D2101/285—Composite prestressed concrete-metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of bridges or bridges to metal frame.
  • EP-A-501 730 FR-A-2 622,907, FR-A-2,693,491, FR-A-2,616,166, FR-A-2,698,111.
  • the metal bridges generally include a blanket, a framework and a supporting system, the roof being the part of the bridge that receives the operating costs directly and transmits them to the carrier system via possibly the metal frame conventionally formed by a network longitudinal beams (longitudinal members) and transverse beams (bridge pieces).
  • the carrier system is frequently formed by two main beams connected by spacers and provided with stiffeners.
  • Recent covers are usually formed by orthotropic slabs or mixed slabs or slabs of reinforced concrete, sometimes with transverse prestressing.
  • the orthotropic slabs are generally formed of a sheet called sheet metal decking or rolling plate more than ten millimeters thick stiffened in two perpendicular directions, by transverse bridge pieces and by equidistant longitudinal stiffeners called ribs.
  • Orthotropic slabs have some disadvantages.
  • the composite slabs comprise a continuous sheet connected to a slab of concrete, this sheet forming the lower reinforcement of the slab.
  • the connectors used are most often pistol-welded vertical studs connected at the top by steels.
  • Reinforced concrete slabs are associated with the steel by different connectors, so as to ensure the transmission efforts of the frame and a certain transverse rigidity.
  • the most common connectors are angle irons or vertical studs.
  • Bridges whose supporting system consists of metal beams and whose the cover is a slab of reinforced concrete are called mixed bridges.
  • the invention relates more particularly to such bridges or bridges.
  • the slab can sometimes rest directly on main beams braced by triangulated beams for example, the spacers that can be removed when the bridge span is small.
  • the slab of the composite bridges can in other cases be in longitudinal support on the main beams and transverse support on the bridge pieces.
  • the slab of mixed bridges may in other cases be supported on the beams main only, these beams being then bridged.
  • spans for mixed bridges ranges from 30 to 110m for continuous spans and from 25 to 90m for spans independent.
  • the invention relates more particularly to dual-girder composite bridges.
  • the beams are most often solid, the core and the soles being joined by four fillet welds.
  • the invention relates to a twin-girder composite bridge structure, in particular but not exclusively of twin-beam composite girder bridges not having the disadvantages of bridges of this type known in the art prior.
  • EP 745 740 discloses a bridge according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention discloses a simple dual-girder bridge structure resistant to lateral shocks by oversized convoys for example, this structure avoiding the use of gussets and spacers, the construction said bridge does not otherwise require the stop of traffic on the tracks crossed by the bridge.
  • the bridge structure comprises two beams placed under pavement.
  • the bridge structure comprises two beams placed laterally above the roadway.
  • Each support beam may be provided with an internal reinforcement.
  • Each beam support can be developed by longitudinal welding of at least two elementary beams.
  • each support beam is produced by welding of two H-shaped beams so that the support beams have two soles substantially facing each other and parallel between them, connected by two walls of soul substantially perpendicular to the soles and facing each other.
  • each support beam is made of high-grade steel elastic and is filled with a hydraulic binder such as concrete, for example concrete high performance.
  • the support beams are assembled to the roof slab by studs placed in reservations of said slab, a support piece being placed in a reservation of the cover slab, between the upper sole of each support beam and said slab, this support piece being provided with a projecting against said upper sole.
  • a bridge deck only half of which is shown in cross-section in this figure 1 - the other half being symmetrical with the first half represented - includes a concrete slab 1, roofing, resting on two beams 2.
  • the second half of the bridge is not symmetrical to the first, and / or the concrete slab 1 rests on more than two beams 2, for example three beams 2.
  • the section plane of FIG. 1 is defined by a first direction D1 substantially horizontal said transverse and a second direction D2 substantially vertical.
  • a third direction D3 forms with the other two directions a trihedron, this third direction being said longitudinal.
  • the deck is supported by two beams 2 placed under the floor.
  • the apron is not supported only by a single longitudinal beam, or on the contrary by more than two beams longitudinal.
  • the two beams are placed laterally above the roadway.
  • the cover slab 1 is of variable thickness, in the embodiment represented: starting from a lateral longitudinal edge of this slab and going towards the center of it, the thickness increases, reaches a maximum value at the right of each beam 2 then decreases and then remains constant over a certain width of the slab.
  • a central thickness of 20cm cover slab, for a center distance E of 4.5m beams and side cantilevers 3 of about 2m can be obtained by an embodiment according to Figure 1.
  • An apron width of 8m about is thus obtained.
  • the thickness of the slab is substantially constant over its entire width.
  • the slab can be made of concrete conventional.
  • the slab is made of high performance concrete, its compressive strength at 28 days being for example greater than 80MPa.
  • the slab can be prestressed longitudinally, especially when the apron is of great width.
  • Mono strands in the voltage range of 150KN used with a step of 30cm can for example be used, the active anchors being placed alternately on one side and the other of the slab.
  • the cover slab 1 supports, in addition to the road pavement 5, longitudinal passages on the banks of cables 6 of different diameters for the telephone, electrical and other.
  • a border 7 separates the roadway 5 from the sidewalks 8 under which are placed cable passages 6.
  • only one sidewalk is provided and / or a only one of the two sidewalks is placed over cableways.
  • a railing 9 is placed at the side edge of the sidewalk (s). facing 10 is secured to the longitudinal side faces of the deck.
  • Each beam 2 is core filled with a rigid material based on binder 11, so-called “binder”, or any other material presenting mechanical characteristics comparable to those of such a binder 11.
  • This binder can be chosen from the group comprising concretes based on Portland cements, blast furnace cements, pozzolanic cements, aluminous cements, high performance concretes, concrete based on resin, fiber concretes and their equivalents.
  • binder 11 depends, among other things, on the dimensions and efforts to be taken into account for beams 2.
  • each beam 2 comprises two flanges 12 substantially opposite and horizontal, with a thickness e 12 greater than the width I 13 of the two walls 13 substantially vertical and opposite joining these two flanges 12.
  • the beams can be formed by assembling two H sections, by example HE 800A, welded together by welding beads longitudinal.
  • the beams have sections transverse polygonal, and in particular hexagonal.
  • the two walls of souls 13 are pleated regularly or not.
  • the materials used for the realization of the beams 2 can be chosen among the group comprising general purpose construction steels (and including those mentioned in standard EN-10-025), high-carbon steels elastic limit (and in particular those defined by EN-10-113), steels of structures with improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion and their equivalents.
  • the beam webs and the soles are formed by one and the same steel.
  • the cores are made of a material different from soles (eg high tensile steel for soles and general purpose construction steel for souls).
  • the beams 2 may be provided with an internal reinforcement, the fixing of the stirrups, frames and reinforcement of this reinforcement which can be at least partly internal to the beam 2 so as not to affect the visual appearance.
  • this internal reinforcement is optional, this one not being necessary for the joining of the different welded parts of the beam 2.
  • the internal reinforcement is not necessarily connected to beam 2.
  • the filling of a beam 2 by the binder 11 is generally carried out on the construction site by one of the ends of said beam 2, subsequently called end of filling.
  • a binder pump is connected by a connection to this filling end, then the binder 11 is placed in the beam 2 by pumping.
  • a vent is provided in said beam 2, this vent being preferably located in height, especially if the profile of the beam 2 is curved.
  • the beams 2 It is therefore not necessary for the beams 2 to have holes for filling on their upper surface.
  • the presence of such holes leads in general to a weakening of the metal section, especially in the provisional phase, when the beams are not yet filled with binder. Sizing of the section of the beams must take into account this weakening.
  • the invention therefore solves this problem, the absence of holes reducing otherwise the cost of manufacturing the beams.
  • filling control orifices may be made on the beams 2, these orifices being in no way used for filling said beams 2, and can therefore be of small size.
  • the filling of these beams can be partial, the role of the binder being mainly to avoid local phenomena of local buckling of the walls souls, still called blistering.
  • the width of the soles 12 was 60 cm, the height of the beams of 79cm, the beams filled with concretes being formed by assembling two sections of HE 800A welded.
  • the beams 2 are in the illustrated embodiment attached to the slab of cover 1 by studs 14 such as Nelson studs.
  • a support piece forming renformis 16 or equivalent is provided in a reservation located on the lower face of the slab 1, at the right of the sole upper of each beam 2.
  • This support piece has a bottom face 17 that is substantially horizontal, the exception of its central portion provided with a projection 18 bearing against the upper flange of the beam 2 placed opposite.
  • Two seals 19 are placed laterally between the underside 17 of the part 16 and the upper flange of each beam 2.
  • a binder, not shown, cast in the bookings 15 of the slab allows the assembly of the beams 2 to this cover slab 1.
  • Two studs or four studs may be provided depending on the loads of service provided.
  • the bridge structure obtained does not require any reinforcing spacer connecting the support beams below and away from the cover slab nor so ipso facto no reinforcement gusset between spacer and support beams, unlike twin-girder composite bridge structures known in the art prior.
  • deck widths achievable according to the described bridge structure above are quite high, nor is it necessary to bridge pieces connecting the support beams below the cover slab on which the roof slab is based longitudinally.
  • Filling steel beams with a binder greatly improves stability of these beams in large deformations, in particular during shocks by oversized convoys.
  • Prefabrication of support beams and reduction of on-site assembly makes it possible not to interrupt or modify the circulation on the paths crossed by the bridge or the bridge, which has the advantage important in the case of crossing large traffic lanes such as highways.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

The structure consists of at least one hollow steel support (2) for a concrete cover slab (1), the support being totally closed, apart from its ends, and having its inner cavity filled with a hydraulic binding agent (11) such as high performance concrete. The supports can be two in number, located beneath the roadway (5) or to the sides of the bridge above the roadway. Each support can be made, for example, from two I-section beams welded together to form parallel sole plates (12), with the beam webs forming the side walls (13). The material used for the supports can be general structural steel, steel with a high elastic limit, or structural steel with a high resistance to atmospheric corrosion.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine technique des ponts ou passerelles à ossature métallique.The invention relates to the technical field of bridges or bridges to metal frame.

Les principaux avantages de l'ossature métallique sont :

  • l'excellent rapport poids/ performance du matériau acier ;
  • la rapidité d'exécution.
The main advantages of the metal frame are:
  • the excellent weight / performance ratio of the steel material;
  • the speed of execution.

On connaít déjà dans l'art antérieur, différentes conceptions de tels ponts ou passerelles.We already know in the prior art, different designs of such bridges or gateways.

On peut se reporter, par exemple, aux documents suivants : EP-A-501 730, FR-A-2 622 907, FR-A-2 693 491, FR-A-2 616 166, FR-A-2 698 111.For example, reference can be made to the following documents: EP-A-501 730, FR-A-2 622,907, FR-A-2,693,491, FR-A-2,616,166, FR-A-2,698,111.

Les ponts métalliques comprennent le plus généralement une couverture, une ossature et un système porteur, la couverture étant la partie du pont qui reçoit directement les charges d'exploitation et les transmet au système porteur, via éventuellement l'ossature métallique formée conventionnellement par un réseau de poutres longitudinales (longerons) et transversales (pièces de pont).The metal bridges generally include a blanket, a framework and a supporting system, the roof being the part of the bridge that receives the operating costs directly and transmits them to the carrier system via possibly the metal frame conventionally formed by a network longitudinal beams (longitudinal members) and transverse beams (bridge pieces).

Le système porteur est fréquemment formé par deux poutres principales reliées par des entretoises et pourvues de raidisseurs.The carrier system is frequently formed by two main beams connected by spacers and provided with stiffeners.

Les couvertures récentes sont généralement formées par des dalles orthotropes ou des dalles mixtes ou des dalles en béton armé parfois dotées d'une précontrainte transversale.Recent covers are usually formed by orthotropic slabs or mixed slabs or slabs of reinforced concrete, sometimes with transverse prestressing.

Les dalles orthotropes sont formées généralement d'une tôle continue dite tôle de platelage ou tôle de roulement de plus de dix millimètres d'épaisseur raidie selon deux directions perpendiculaires, par des pièces de pont transversales et par des raidisseurs longitudinaux équidistants appelés nervures.The orthotropic slabs are generally formed of a sheet called sheet metal decking or rolling plate more than ten millimeters thick stiffened in two perpendicular directions, by transverse bridge pieces and by equidistant longitudinal stiffeners called ribs.

Les dalles orthotropes présentent certains inconvénients. Orthotropic slabs have some disadvantages.

En particulier, la variation des contraintes de flexion transversale lors du passage des véhicules lourds peut entraíner l'apparition de fissures de fatigues dans les tôles de platelage.In particular, the variation of transverse bending stresses during the passage of heavy vehicles can lead to the appearance of fatigue cracks in decking sheets.

Ce risque de fatigue est augmenté par la présence de nombreuses soudures dans l'ossature.This risk of fatigue is increased by the presence of many welds in the frame.

Par ailleurs, la quantité d'acier utilisée est élevée et les opérations de réglage et d'usinage sont délicates, de sorte que la couverture est onéreuse.Moreover, the quantity of steel used is high and the adjustment and machining are delicate, so the cover is expensive.

Les dalles mixtes comprennent une tôle continue connectée à une dalle de béton, cette tôle formant armature inférieure de la dalle. Les connecteurs utilisés sont le plus souvent des goujons verticaux soudés au pistolet reliés en tête par des aciers filants.The composite slabs comprise a continuous sheet connected to a slab of concrete, this sheet forming the lower reinforcement of the slab. The connectors used are most often pistol-welded vertical studs connected at the top by steels.

Les dalles mixtes présentent des inconvénients.Mixed slabs have disadvantages.

En particulier, elles ne conviennent que pour des portées réduites, pour des raisons de stabilité de forme pendant le coulage du béton.In particular, they are only suitable for reduced spans, for reasons of shape stability during pouring of concrete.

Les dalles en béton armé, parfois dotées d'une précontrainte transversale sont associées à l'acier par différents connecteurs, de sorte à assurer la transmission des efforts de l'ossature et une certaine rigidité transversale.Reinforced concrete slabs, sometimes with transverse prestressing, are associated with the steel by different connectors, so as to ensure the transmission efforts of the frame and a certain transverse rigidity.

Les connecteurs les plus fréquents sont des cornières ou des goujons verticaux.The most common connectors are angle irons or vertical studs.

Les ponts dont le système porteur est constitué de poutres métalliques et dont la couverture est une dalle de béton armé sont appelés ponts mixtes.Bridges whose supporting system consists of metal beams and whose the cover is a slab of reinforced concrete are called mixed bridges.

L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à de tels ponts ou passerelles.The invention relates more particularly to such bridges or bridges.

Dans de tels ponts mixtes, la dalle peut parfois reposer directement sur les poutres principales entretoisées par des poutres triangulées par exemple, les entretoises pouvant être supprimées lorsque la portée du pont est faible. In such mixed bridges, the slab can sometimes rest directly on main beams braced by triangulated beams for example, the spacers that can be removed when the bridge span is small.

La dalle des ponts mixtes peut dans d'autres cas être en appui longitudinal sur les poutres principales et en appui transversal sur les pièces de pont.The slab of the composite bridges can in other cases be in longitudinal support on the main beams and transverse support on the bridge pieces.

La dalle des ponts mixtes peut dans d'autres cas être en appui sur les poutres principales uniquement, ces poutres étant alors entretoisées.The slab of mixed bridges may in other cases be supported on the beams main only, these beams being then bridged.

La gamme usuelle des portées pour les ponts mixtes va de 30 à 110m environ pour les travées continues et de 25 à 90m environ pour les travées indépendantes.The usual range of spans for mixed bridges ranges from 30 to 110m for continuous spans and from 25 to 90m for spans independent.

Les types de conceptions de ces ponts mixtes actuellement les plus fréquemment mises en oeuvre sont :

  • les bipoutres mixtes qui comme leur nom l'indique comprennent deux poutres reliées le plus souvent :
    • par des pièces de pont pour l'appui transversal de la dalle ;
    • par des entretoises soudées perpendiculairement et à mi-hauteur des poutres, pour des tabliers relativement étroits ;
  • les ponts mixtes à caisson :
    • avec dalle en béton en appui sur les parois du caisson et sur des éléments transversaux éventuels ;
    • avec dalle mixte telle que présentée ci dessus, à caisson unique ou multicaissons.
The types of designs of these mixed bridges currently most frequently used are:
  • the dual-beams that as their name suggests include two beams most often connected:
    • by bridge pieces for transverse support of the slab;
    • by spacers welded perpendicularly and at mid-height of the beams, for relatively narrow aprons;
  • the composite caisson bridges:
    • with concrete slab resting on the walls of the caisson and on any transverse elements;
    • with mixed slab as presented above, with single box or multicaissons.

L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux ponts mixtes bipoutres.The invention relates more particularly to dual-girder composite bridges.

Pour les ponts mixtes bipoutres, les poutres sont le plus souvent à âme pleine, l'âme et les semelles étant assemblées par quatre cordons de soudure d'angle.For twin-girder composite decks, the beams are most often solid, the core and the soles being joined by four fillet welds.

Ces poutres à âme pleine présentent divers inconvénients :

  • leur sensibilité aux instabilités de forme, par déformation inhabituelle par rapport à celles qui peuvent être prévues par la résistance des matériaux classique. En particulier, les chocs liés par exemple au passage d'un convoi hors gabarit conduisent à une plasticité en grandes déformations, difficilement prévisible par calcul. De tels chocs, s'ils n'entraínent pas toujours la ruine de l'ouvrage, provoquent des dégâts difficiles à réparer sans travaux de grande envergure ;
  • leur sensibilité à la fatigue, en dépit des normes strictes en vigueur (Eurocodes) ne peut être négligée et ce d'autant que, le plus souvent, des amorces de fissures existent dès la construction de l'ouvrage, par non-pénétration des soudures d'angle par exemple.
These solid-core beams have various disadvantages:
  • their sensitivity to instabilities of form, by unusual deformation compared to those which can be predicted by the resistance of the classical materials. In particular, the shocks linked for example to the passage of an off-size convoy lead to plasticity in large deformations, difficult to predict by calculation. Such shocks, if they do not always cause the ruin of the work, cause damage difficult to repair without major work;
  • their sensitivity to fatigue, in spite of the strict norms in force (Eurocodes) can not be neglected and this especially as, most often, crack primers exist as soon as the construction of the structure, by non-penetration of the welds angle for example.

L'invention se rapporte à une structure de pont mixte bipoutre, en particulier mais non exclusivement de ponts mixtes bipoutres à poutres sous chaussée, ne présentant pas les inconvénients des ponts de ce type connus dans l'art antérieur.The invention relates to a twin-girder composite bridge structure, in particular but not exclusively of twin-beam composite girder bridges not having the disadvantages of bridges of this type known in the art prior.

EP 745 740 décrit un pont conforme au préambule de la revendication 1.EP 745 740 discloses a bridge according to the preamble of claim 1.

En particulier, l'invention révèle une structure simple de pont mixte bipoutre résistant aux chocs latéraux par des convois hors gabarit par exemple, cette structure évitant de plus l'emploi de goussets et d'entretoises, la construction dudit pont ne nécessitant par ailleurs pas l'arrêt de la circulation sur les voies franchies par le pont.In particular, the invention discloses a simple dual-girder bridge structure resistant to lateral shocks by oversized convoys for example, this structure avoiding the use of gussets and spacers, the construction said bridge does not otherwise require the stop of traffic on the tracks crossed by the bridge.

A cette fin l'invention concerne un pont tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1.For this purpose the invention a bridge as claimed in claim 1.

Dans une réalisation, la structure de pont comprend deux poutres placées sous la chaussée.In one embodiment, the bridge structure comprises two beams placed under pavement.

Dans une autre réalisation, la structure de pont comprend deux poutres placées latéralement au-dessus de la chaussée. In another embodiment, the bridge structure comprises two beams placed laterally above the roadway.

Chaque poutre support peut être pourvue d'un ferraillage interne. Chaque poutre support peut être élaborée par soudage longitudinal d'au moins deux poutres élémentaires.Each support beam may be provided with an internal reinforcement. Each beam support can be developed by longitudinal welding of at least two elementary beams.

Dans une réalisation particulière, chaque poutre support est élaborée par soudage de deux poutres en forme de H de sorte à ce que les poutres support présentent deux semelles sensiblement en regard l'une de l'autre et parallèles entre elles, reliées par deux parois d'âme sensiblement perpendiculaires aux semelles et en regard l'une de l'autre.In a particular embodiment, each support beam is produced by welding of two H-shaped beams so that the support beams have two soles substantially facing each other and parallel between them, connected by two walls of soul substantially perpendicular to the soles and facing each other.

Dans une réalisation, chaque poutre support est réalisée en acier à haute limite élastique et est remplie d'un liant hydraulique tel que béton, par exemple béton à haute performance.In one embodiment, each support beam is made of high-grade steel elastic and is filled with a hydraulic binder such as concrete, for example concrete high performance.

Les poutres support sont assemblées à la dalle de couverture par des goujons placés dans des réservations de ladite dalle, une pièce d'appui étant placée dans une réservation de la dalle de couverture, entre la semelle supérieure de chaque poutre support et ladite dalle, cette pièce d'appui étant pourvue d'une saillie en appui contre ladite semelle supérieure.The support beams are assembled to the roof slab by studs placed in reservations of said slab, a support piece being placed in a reservation of the cover slab, between the upper sole of each support beam and said slab, this support piece being provided with a projecting against said upper sole.

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description suivante de modes de réalisation, description qui va être effectuée en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une structure de pont mixte bipoutre à poutres sous chaussée, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail d'un mode de réalisation des connecteurs de liaison entre poutre et dalle de couverture ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'un autre mode de réalisation desdits connecteurs.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments, which description will be made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a composite girder dual girder bridge structure, according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a detail view of an embodiment of the connecting connectors between beam and cover slab;
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of another embodiment of said connectors.

On se rapporte tout d'abord à la figure 1. We first refer to Figure 1.

Un tablier de pont, dont seule une moitié est représentée en coupe transversale sur cette figure 1 - l'autre moitié étant symétrique de la première moitié représentée - comprend une dalle en béton 1, de couverture, reposant sur deux poutres 2.A bridge deck, only half of which is shown in cross-section in this figure 1 - the other half being symmetrical with the first half represented - includes a concrete slab 1, roofing, resting on two beams 2.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, non représentés, la deuxième moitié du pont n'est pas symétrique de la première, et/ou la dalle de béton 1 repose sur plus de deux poutres 2, par exemple trois poutres 2.In other embodiments, not shown, the second half of the bridge is not symmetrical to the first, and / or the concrete slab 1 rests on more than two beams 2, for example three beams 2.

Le plan de coupe de la figure 1 est défini par une première direction D1 sensiblement horizontale dite transversale et une deuxième direction D2 sensiblement verticale.The section plane of FIG. 1 is defined by a first direction D1 substantially horizontal said transverse and a second direction D2 substantially vertical.

Une troisième direction D3 forme avec les deux autres directions un trièdre, cette troisième direction étant dite longitudinale.A third direction D3 forms with the other two directions a trihedron, this third direction being said longitudinal.

Les termes « large », « largeur » seront employés en référence à la première direction D1.The terms "wide" and "width" will be used with reference to the first direction D1.

Les termes « haut », « hauteur », « épaisseur » seront employés en référence à la deuxième direction D2.The terms "high", "height", "thickness" will be used with reference to the second direction D2.

Les termes « longitudinal », « longueur» seront employés en référence à la troisième direction D3.The terms "longitudinal" and "length" will be used with reference to the third direction D3.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le tablier est supporté par deux poutres 2 placées sous la chaussée.In the embodiment shown, the deck is supported by two beams 2 placed under the floor.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, non représentés, le tablier n'est supporté que par une seule poutre longitudinale, ou au contraire par plus de deux poutres longitudinales.In other embodiments, not shown, the apron is not supported only by a single longitudinal beam, or on the contrary by more than two beams longitudinal.

Dans d'autres modes encore de réalisation, non représentés, les deux poutres sont placées latéralement au-dessus de la chaussée. In still other embodiments, not shown, the two beams are placed laterally above the roadway.

La dalle de couverture 1 est d'épaisseur variable, dans la réalisation représentée : partant d'un bord longitudinal latéral de cette dalle et allant vers le centre de celle ci, l'épaisseur augmente, atteint une valeur maximum à l'aplomb de chaque poutre 2 puis décroít puis reste constante sur une certaine largeur de la dalle.The cover slab 1 is of variable thickness, in the embodiment represented: starting from a lateral longitudinal edge of this slab and going towards the center of it, the thickness increases, reaches a maximum value at the right of each beam 2 then decreases and then remains constant over a certain width of the slab.

Une épaisseur centrale de dalle de couverture de 20cm, pour un entraxe E des poutres de 4,5m et des encorbellements latéraux 3 de 2 m environ peuvent être obtenus par une réalisation conforme à la figure 1. Une largeur de tablier de 8m environ est ainsi obtenue.A central thickness of 20cm cover slab, for a center distance E of 4.5m beams and side cantilevers 3 of about 2m can be obtained by an embodiment according to Figure 1. An apron width of 8m about is thus obtained.

Dans la suite du texte, les indications numériques feront référence au dimensionnement ci dessus, réalisé pour un pont de porté de l'ordre de quinze à trente mètres à une deux ou trois travées, couramment mis en oeuvre par exemple pour les franchissements d'autoroutes.In the rest of the text, the numerical indications will refer to the dimensioning above, made for a span bridge of the order of fifteen to thirty meters to a two or three span, commonly implemented by example for motorway crossings.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, non représentés, l'épaisseur de la dalle est sensiblement constante sur toute sa largeur. La dalle peut être réalisée en béton conventionnel.In other embodiments, not shown, the thickness of the slab is substantially constant over its entire width. The slab can be made of concrete conventional.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la dalle est réalisée en béton haute performance, sa résistance mécanique en compression à 28 jours étant par exemple supérieure à 80MPa.In one embodiment, the slab is made of high performance concrete, its compressive strength at 28 days being for example greater than 80MPa.

La dalle peut être précontrainte longitudinalement, en particulier lorsque le tablier est de grande largeur. Des mono torons de l'ordre de 150KN de tension utile disposés avec un pas de 30cm peuvent par exemple être utilisés, les ancrages actifs étant placés alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre de la dalle.The slab can be prestressed longitudinally, especially when the apron is of great width. Mono strands in the voltage range of 150KN used with a step of 30cm can for example be used, the active anchors being placed alternately on one side and the other of the slab.

Dans la réalisation considérée, douze câbles de précontrainte SEEE 4T15S sont prévus dans des gaines 4.In the embodiment under consideration, twelve prestressing cables SEEE 4T15S are provided in sleeves 4.

Dans la réalisation représentée, la dalle de couverture 1 supporte, outre le revêtement routier de la chaussée 5, des passages longitudinaux en rives de câbles 6 de différents diamètres pour les réseaux téléphoniques, électriques et autres.In the embodiment shown, the cover slab 1 supports, in addition to the road pavement 5, longitudinal passages on the banks of cables 6 of different diameters for the telephone, electrical and other.

Une bordure 7 sépare la chaussée 5 des trottoirs 8 sous lesquels sont placés les passages de câbles 6.A border 7 separates the roadway 5 from the sidewalks 8 under which are placed cable passages 6.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, un seul trottoir latéral est prévu et/ou un seul des deux trottoirs est placé au-dessus de passages de câbles.In other embodiments, only one sidewalk is provided and / or a only one of the two sidewalks is placed over cableways.

Un garde corps 9 est placé en bordure latérale du ou des trottoirs 8. Un parement 10 est solidarisé sur les faces latérales longitudinales du tablier.A railing 9 is placed at the side edge of the sidewalk (s). facing 10 is secured to the longitudinal side faces of the deck.

On décrit maintenant plus spécifiquement les poutres longitudinales 2 et leur fixation sur la dalle de couverture 1.Now more specifically, the longitudinal beams 2 and their fixing on the cover slab 1.

Chaque poutre 2 est à âme remplie d'un matériau rigide à base de liant hydraulique 11, dit " liant ", ou tout autre matériau présentant des caractéristiques mécaniques comparables à celles d'un tel liant 11.Each beam 2 is core filled with a rigid material based on binder 11, so-called "binder", or any other material presenting mechanical characteristics comparable to those of such a binder 11.

Ce liant peut être choisi parmi le groupe comprenant les bétons à base de ciments Portland, de ciments de hauts fourneaux, de ciments pouzzolaniques, de ciments alumineux, les bétons à hautes performances, les bétons à base de résine, les bétons de fibres et leurs équivalents.This binder can be chosen from the group comprising concretes based on Portland cements, blast furnace cements, pozzolanic cements, aluminous cements, high performance concretes, concrete based on resin, fiber concretes and their equivalents.

Ainsi qu'il apparaítra clairement à l'homme de métier, le choix du liant 11 dépend entre autres des dimensions et efforts à prendre en compte pour les poutres 2.As will be clear to those skilled in the art, the choice of binder 11 depends, among other things, on the dimensions and efforts to be taken into account for beams 2.

Dans la réalisation considérée, chaque poutre 2 comprend deux semelles 12 sensiblement en regard et horizontales, d'épaisseur e12 supérieure à la largeur I13 des deux parois 13 sensiblement verticales et en regard joignant ces deux semelles 12. In the embodiment considered, each beam 2 comprises two flanges 12 substantially opposite and horizontal, with a thickness e 12 greater than the width I 13 of the two walls 13 substantially vertical and opposite joining these two flanges 12.

Les poutres peuvent être formées par l'assemblage de deux sections en H, par exemple HE 800A, soudées entre elles par des cordons de soudure longitudinaux.The beams can be formed by assembling two H sections, by example HE 800A, welded together by welding beads longitudinal.

Ces cordons de soudure étant disposés longitudinalement ne sont pas fortement sensibles aux phénomènes d'endommagement par fatigue.These weld beads being arranged longitudinally are not strongly sensitive to fatigue damage phenomena.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, les poutres présentent des sections transversales polygonales, et notamment hexagonales.In other embodiments, the beams have sections transverse polygonal, and in particular hexagonal.

Dans d'autres modes encore de réalisation, les deux parois d'âmes 13 sont plissées régulièrement ou non.In still other embodiments, the two walls of souls 13 are pleated regularly or not.

Les matériaux employés pour la réalisation des poutres 2 peuvent être choisis parmi le groupe comprenant les aciers de construction d'usage général (et notamment ceux mentionnés dans la norme EN-10-025), les aciers à haute limite élastique (et notamment ceux définis par la norme EN-10-113), les aciers de constructions à résistance améliorée à la corrosion atmosphérique et leurs équivalents.The materials used for the realization of the beams 2 can be chosen among the group comprising general purpose construction steels (and including those mentioned in standard EN-10-025), high-carbon steels elastic limit (and in particular those defined by EN-10-113), steels of structures with improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion and their equivalents.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les âmes de poutres et les semelles sont formés par un seul et même acier.In one embodiment, the beam webs and the soles are formed by one and the same steel.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, les âmes sont réalisées en un matériau différent de celui des semelles (par exemple, un acier à haute limite élastique pour les semelles et un acier de construction d'usage général pour les âmes).In other embodiments, the cores are made of a material different from soles (eg high tensile steel for soles and general purpose construction steel for souls).

Les poutres 2 peuvent être pourvues d'un ferraillage interne, la fixation des étriers, cadres et armature de ce ferraillage pouvant être au moins en partie interne à la poutre 2 de sorte à ne pas en affecter l'aspect visuel.The beams 2 may be provided with an internal reinforcement, the fixing of the stirrups, frames and reinforcement of this reinforcement which can be at least partly internal to the beam 2 so as not to affect the visual appearance.

La présence de ce ferraillage interne est optionnel, celui-ci n'étant pas nécessaire à la solidarisation des différentes parties soudées de la poutre 2. Le ferraillage interne n'est pas non plus nécessairement connecté à la poutre 2. The presence of this internal reinforcement is optional, this one not being necessary for the joining of the different welded parts of the beam 2. The internal reinforcement is not necessarily connected to beam 2.

Le remplissage d'une poutre 2 par le liant 11 s'effectue généralement sur le chantier par l'une des extrémités de ladite poutre 2, dite par la suite extrémité de remplissage.The filling of a beam 2 by the binder 11 is generally carried out on the construction site by one of the ends of said beam 2, subsequently called end of filling.

On relie une pompe à liant par un raccord à cette extrémité de remplissage, puis le liant 11 est mis en place dans la poutre 2 par pompage.A binder pump is connected by a connection to this filling end, then the binder 11 is placed in the beam 2 by pumping.

Afin de faciliter le remplissage de la poutre 2, un évent est prévu dans ladite poutre 2, cet évent étant de préférence situé en hauteur, surtout si le profil de la poutre 2 est courbe.In order to facilitate the filling of the beam 2, a vent is provided in said beam 2, this vent being preferably located in height, especially if the profile of the beam 2 is curved.

L'ouvrabilité du liant utilisé et sa capacité d'écoulement en milieu confiné doivent être adaptés ainsi qu'il apparaít à l'homme du métier, pour assurer le remplissage souhaité des poutres armées.The workability of the binder used and its confined flow capacity must be be adapted as it appears to those skilled in the art, to ensure the desired filling of the armed beams.

Le milieu étant confiné, il est difficile de vibrer le liant. Par conséquent, on utilise de préférence des béton auto-plaçants, ou au moins auto-compactants ou auto-nivelants.The medium being confined, it is difficult to vibrate the binder. Therefore, we use preferably self-compacting concrete, or at least self-compacting or self-leveling.

Il n'est donc pas nécessaire que les poutres 2 comportent des trous de remplissage sur leur surface supérieure. La présence de tels trous conduit en général à un affaiblissement de la section de métal, surtout en phase provisoire, lorsque les poutres ne sont pas encore remplies de liant. Le dimensionnement de la section des poutres doit tenir compte de cet affaiblissement. L'invention permet donc de résoudre ce problème, l'absence de trous réduisant par ailleurs le coût de fabrication des poutres.It is therefore not necessary for the beams 2 to have holes for filling on their upper surface. The presence of such holes leads in general to a weakening of the metal section, especially in the provisional phase, when the beams are not yet filled with binder. Sizing of the section of the beams must take into account this weakening. The invention therefore solves this problem, the absence of holes reducing otherwise the cost of manufacturing the beams.

Toutefois, des orifices de contrôle du remplissage peuvent être pratiqués sur les poutres 2, ces orifices ne servant en aucun cas au remplissage desdites poutres 2, et pouvant donc être de faible dimension.However, filling control orifices may be made on the beams 2, these orifices being in no way used for filling said beams 2, and can therefore be of small size.

Le remplissage de ces poutres peut être partiel, le rôle du liant étant principalement d'éviter les phénomènes locaux de flambement local des parois d'âmes, encore appelés cloquage. The filling of these beams can be partial, the role of the binder being mainly to avoid local phenomena of local buckling of the walls souls, still called blistering.

Plusieurs bétons, de nature différentes, peuvent être employés pour ce remplissage, en fonction par exemple de la répartition des efforts prévus en service sur la longueur des poutres.Several concretes, of different nature, can be used for this filling, depending for example on the distribution of the planned service on the length of the beams.

Pour les dimensions de tablier mentionnées ci dessus, la largeur des semelles 12 était de 60 cm, la hauteur des poutres de 79cm, les poutres remplies de bétons étant formées par assemblages de deux sections de type HE 800A soudées.For the apron dimensions mentioned above, the width of the soles 12 was 60 cm, the height of the beams of 79cm, the beams filled with concretes being formed by assembling two sections of HE 800A welded.

On se rapporte maintenant aux figures 2 et 3.We now refer to Figures 2 and 3.

Les poutres 2 sont dans le mode de réalisation représenté fixé à la dalle de couverture 1 par des goujons 14 tels que des goujons Nelson.The beams 2 are in the illustrated embodiment attached to the slab of cover 1 by studs 14 such as Nelson studs.

Ces goujons sont placés dans des réservations 15 de la dalle 1, à l'aplomb de la semelle supérieure des poutres et sensiblement perpendiculairement à cette semelle.These studs are placed in reservations 15 of the slab 1, in line with the upper flange of the beams and substantially perpendicular to this sole.

Ces réservations sont par exemple cylindriques et traversent toute l'épaisseur de la dalle 1These reservations are for example cylindrical and cross the entire thickness of slab 1

Une pièce d'appui formant renformis 16 ou équivalent est prévue dans une réservation sise en face inférieure de la dalle 1, au droit de la semelle supérieure de chaque poutre 2.A support piece forming renformis 16 or equivalent is provided in a reservation located on the lower face of the slab 1, at the right of the sole upper of each beam 2.

Cette pièce d'appui présente une face inférieure 17 sensiblement horizontale, à l'exception de sa partie centrale pourvue d'une saillie 18 venant en appui contre la semelle supérieure de la poutre 2 placée en regard.This support piece has a bottom face 17 that is substantially horizontal, the exception of its central portion provided with a projection 18 bearing against the upper flange of the beam 2 placed opposite.

Deux joints 19 sont placés latéralement entre la face inférieure 17 de la pièce d 'appui 16 et la semelle supérieure de chaque poutre 2.Two seals 19 are placed laterally between the underside 17 of the part 16 and the upper flange of each beam 2.

Un liant, non représenté, coulé dans les réservations 15 de la dalle permet l'assemblage des poutres 2 à cette dalle de couverture 1. A binder, not shown, cast in the bookings 15 of the slab allows the assembly of the beams 2 to this cover slab 1.

Deux goujons ou quatre goujons peuvent être prévus suivant les charges de service prévues.Two studs or four studs may be provided depending on the loads of service provided.

La structure de pont obtenue ne nécessite aucune entretoise de renfort reliant les poutres support en-dessous et à distance de la dalle de couverture ni donc ipso facto aucun gousset de renfort entre entretoise et poutres support, contrairement aux structures de ponts mixtes bipoutres connues dans l'art antérieur.The bridge structure obtained does not require any reinforcing spacer connecting the support beams below and away from the cover slab nor so ipso facto no reinforcement gusset between spacer and support beams, unlike twin-girder composite bridge structures known in the art prior.

Bien que les largeurs des tabliers réalisables suivant la structure de pont décrite ci dessus soient assez élevées, il n'est pas davantage nécessaire de prévoir de pièces de pont reliant les poutres support en-dessous de la dalle de couverture sur lesquelles s'appuie longitudinalement la dalle de couverture.Although deck widths achievable according to the described bridge structure above are quite high, nor is it necessary to bridge pieces connecting the support beams below the cover slab on which the roof slab is based longitudinally.

Ces pièces de pont et entretoises engendrent des frais de montage important, doivent être conçues pour un entraxe donné entre poutre support et leur assemblage par soudure est à l'origine d'endommagement par fatigue, dans les ponts mixtes bipoutres connus de l'art antérieur.These bridge parts and spacers generate significant assembly costs, must be designed for a given distance between the support beam and their assembly by welding is causing fatigue damage, in composite bipwort bridges known from the prior art.

Le remplissage des poutres acier par un liant améliore grandement la stabilité de ces poutres en grandes déformations, en particulier lors de chocs par des convois hors gabarit.Filling steel beams with a binder greatly improves stability of these beams in large deformations, in particular during shocks by oversized convoys.

Il assure en outre la stabilité des âmes 13 contre les risques de déversement ou de voilement au droit des zones où sont appliquées au système porteur des charges concentrées, comme par exemple au droit des appuis sur lesquels repose le pont mixte.It also ensures the stability of the souls 13 against the risks of spillage or in the zones in which the system carrying the concentrated loads, as for example the right of the supports on which rests the mixed bridge.

La préfabrication des poutres de support et la réduction des opérations de montage sur chantier permettent de ne pas interrompre ou modifier la circulation sur les voies franchies par le pont ou la passerelle, ce qui présente un avantage important dans le cas de franchissement de voies à grande circulation telles que des autoroutes.Prefabrication of support beams and reduction of on-site assembly makes it possible not to interrupt or modify the circulation on the paths crossed by the bridge or the bridge, which has the advantage important in the case of crossing large traffic lanes such as highways.

Claims (15)

  1. A combined concrete-and-steel bridge comprising a cover slab (1) made of concrete and at least one support girder (2) made of steel, said girder (2) being associated with said cover slab (1) via connectors (14) and being designed to support said cover slab (1), the girder (2) having an internal cavity, said bridge being characterized in that said internal cavity is filled at least in part with a binder (11), and in that it is totally closed except at its ends.
  2. A bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two girders (2) placed under the deck (5).
  3. A bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two girders (2) placed laterally above the deck.
  4. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each support girder is provided with internal reinforcement rods.
  5. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each support girder is formed by longitudinally welding together at least two elementary girders.
  6. A bridge according to claim 5, characterized in that each support girder (2) is formed by welding together two H-shaped girders so that the support girders have two soleplates (12) that are substantially facing each other and parallel to each other, and that are interconnected by two web walls (13) that are substantially perpendicular to the soleplates (12) and that are facing each other.
  7. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filler binder in the support girders (2) is chosen from the group comprising concretes based on Portland cements, on blast furnace slag cements, on Pozzolanic cements, and on high-alumina cements, high-performance concretes, resin-based concretes, and fiber concretes.
  8. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each support girder is made of a material chosen from the group comprising general-purpose constructional steels, high yield point steels, and constructional steels having improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
  9. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support girders (2) are assembled to the cover slab (1) by pins (14) placed in openings (15) in said slab (1).
  10. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a bearing piece (16) is placed in an opening in the cover slab (1), and is placed between the top soleplate (12) of each support girder (2) and said slab (1), said bearing piece (16) being provided with a projection (18) bearing against said top soleplate (12).
  11. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cover slab (1) is pre-stressed longitudinally.
  12. A bridge according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the web walls of each of the support girders (2) is made of a material different from the material of which the soleplates (12) of each of the girders is made.
  13. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is not provided with any spacer interconnecting the support girders below and remote from the cover slab.
  14. A bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is not provided with any bridge pieces interconnecting the support girders below the cover slab.
  15. A method of making a bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, said method being characterized in that the support girder (2) is filled via one of the ends of said girder (2).
EP00401844A 1999-06-28 2000-06-28 Composite steel-concrete bridge- or walk way structure, especially bridge with double composite beams under the deck Expired - Lifetime EP1065316B1 (en)

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FR9908234A FR2795438B1 (en) 1999-06-28 1999-06-28 STRUCTURE OF A CONCRETE-STEEL MIXED BRIDGE OR GATEWAY, PARTICULARLY A MIXED TWO-GATE APRON BRIDGE
FR9908234 1999-06-28

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FR2795438B1 (en) 2001-08-03
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DE60023795D1 (en) 2005-12-15
ATE309417T1 (en) 2005-11-15

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