Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H3/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons
  • E04H3/10—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons for meetings, entertainments, or sports
  • E04H3/14—Gymnasiums; Other sporting buildings
  • E04H3/16—Gymnasiums; Other sporting buildings for swimming
  • E04H3/165—Gymnasiums; Other sporting buildings for swimming having movable parts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
  • E04B1/346—Rotary buildings; Buildings with rotary units, e.g. rooms

Definitions

• the present invention relates, as a new industrial product, to an architectural structure which is orientable by rotation about its vertical axis and / or a horizontal axis thanks to a float system placed in a fluid bed housed in a flotation capacity. .
• Prior art
• EP-A-0041462 describes a structure resting on a fluid bed of large dimensions which does not ensure the stability and the maintenance of said structure.
• the known orientable and habitable structures implement conventional constructive arrangements, with wheels or bearings, gears, motors, metal guide rails and additional supports.
• Such devices are delicate and expensive because of the large dimensions of the building; they generally remain complex, fairly unreliable and their use is limited because of the potential bodily dangers they present to users.
• the maintenance of this type of device is relatively expensive and delicate because it requires specialized polytechnic means.
• the heterogeneity of the technical solutions, the technological multiplicity of the constructive arrangements are factors which reduce the value of the equipment in terms of performance / cost ratio. - 2 -
• an orientable architectural structure which is characterized in that it comprises:
• (C) at least one drive means 26 making it possible to ensure the rotational movement, the guiding, the stabilization and the maintenance in position of the enclosure 1 / peripheral float 2 assembly with respect to said fluid bed 3 of said capacity flotation 4.
• This architectural structure further comprises: D) at least one device 27 for acquiring and processing climatic and atmospheric measurements from sensors 30, and for controlling said device 26 according to the program of use, parameters related to the operation and user selection criteria. - Dream description of the drawings
• Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of the architectural structure according to the invention in the form of a dome, where the outer envelope rotates on itself along a horizontal axis and a vertical axis floating on a liquid fluid and is guided at its periphery;
• Figure 2 shows a structure similar to that of Figure 1 and forms a removable pool cover;
• - 3 -
• Figure 3 shows the structure of Figure 2 tilted in the open position
• Figure 4 shows another variant of the structure of Figure 1 which has a sealed floor integral with the envelope;
• Figure 5 shows another variant of the structure of Figure 1 and has a capacity in the form of a circular crown
• Figure 6 shows a variant of the structure of Figure 5 and includes an orientable interior flap wall
• FIG. 12 shows a model provided for making domes of buildings
• FIG. 13 shows a hemispherical shape model 1
• - Figure 14 shows a hemispherical shape model 2
• - Figure 15 shows a model of spherical shape 1
• FIG. 17 shows a model of ovoid shape
• FIG. 18 and 18a show an architectural ensemble made up of six hemispherical structures assembled; - Figures la to 6a are enlargements illustrating the arrangement of the floats in the fluid bed of Figures 1 to 6 corresponding. Detailed description of the invention
• the envelope of the architectural structure according to the invention which is light, is self-supporting. That is to say that it supports and resists its weight at least, without deforming.
• the architectural structure according to the invention further comprises at least one partition 5 disposed in the vicinity and facing the envelope 1, said partition 5 being total and partial and capable of being movable in rotation with or independently of said envelope, said partition 5 can also (i) be located outside or better inside the envelope 1 and (ii) rest on a peripheral float 6 secured to its lower base and immersed in said fluid 3 housed in said capacity buoyancy 4 and driven by said drive means 26.
• the partition 5 is disposed inside the envelope 1 and is mounted around the axis of revolution of said envelope by - 4 -
• the architectural structure may further include a convertible and habitable floor 8, said floor 8 being able to form a floating floating platform having at its center a guide assembly comprising a pivot axis 12 which can maintain the floating structure and allow the passage of cables and other flexible pipes 13 connected to a technical unit 14, a rolling system and axial guide 17 consisting of floating and rigid rollers arranged in a crown in a bearing 16 integral with said floor 8, in order to contribute to the best possible maintenance of the horizontal attitude of the floating assembly and cancel any other parasitic movements such as roll and pitch.
• a convertible and habitable floor 8 said floor 8 being able to form a floating floating platform having at its center a guide assembly comprising a pivot axis 12 which can maintain the floating structure and allow the passage of cables and other flexible pipes 13 connected to a technical unit 14, a rolling system and axial guide 17 consisting of floating and rigid rollers arranged in a crown in a bearing 16 integral with said floor 8, in order to contribute to the best possible maintenance of the horizontal attitude of the floating assembly and cancel any other parasitic movements such as
• the architectural structure is such that the casing 1 and the wall 5 are fixed to float-ballasts 2, 18 selectively wholly or partly filled or emptied of a fluid in order to shift the center of gravity of the assembly thus formed and therefore tilting it around a horizontal axis in a basin 4b filled with the fluid 3, which basin has a shape complementary to that of the casing 1 to guide and stop the tilting movement in abutment at the bottom of the basin on a pivot 19.
• the casing 1 and the ballast floats 2, 18 can rotate around their axis of rotation V once inclined by filling and emptying means alternately and this, in a direction of choice, according to the filling order and emptying of said successive ballast floats, the assembly being implemented and controlled by the piloting device to which is added an aeraulic sensor and actuator element 20, integral with said architectural structure, said element contributing to orientation and stabilization of said architectural structure by weather vane effect or by position control.
• the driving in horizontal and vertical rotation of the envelope 1 is carried out by a system 21 for pumping and transferring the flotation or ballasting fluid which comes to suck said fluid from one side (A) to reject it on another side (B) or, to reverse the direction of rotation which sucks the fluid on one side (C) and reject it on the other side (D), or else for a bottom drive at the top following (E) towards (F), or for a drive from top to bottom following (G) towards (H), the selection of the direction of the drive being fixed, and the circulation of the fluid being both controlled at using distributors 22 and combined valves 23.
• the flotation and drive fluid is type suitable for general local climatic conditions, in particular for hot or cold countries, and in that said fluid is used in a closed circuit, so as to circulate entirely in the buoyancy capacity 4 acting in this case as a reservoir and in floats consisting of ballast tanks 2, 6, with the advantage that once the tanks 2, 6 are full, the envelope of the attached structure is ballasted while immobilizing on the fixed part of the buoyancy capacity 4 , a flexible seal being provided to protect the space between the tank capacity 4 and the top of the ring of ballast tanks.
• the architectural structure preferably comprises an automated float-ballast system making the operation of the casing 1 and partition 5 and the elements attached thereto completely autonomous, said float-ballast system being composed of a ballast tank 2, 6, of the set 21 of pumping and filters, valves 22 and 23, integrated into casing 1 or walls 5, 8 and 10, causing the necessary fluid transfers, depending on the environmental conditions, all constituting a set of bionic architecture which reacts to its environment to give maximum safety and comfort to its users and whose operation, monitoring can be done locally or remotely.
• the envelope 1 can be made up of light, nestable and removable elements, as well as the fluid channel forming the flotation capacity for ballast floats 2, 6 arranged in a crown, said assembled light elements constitute the protective envelope and the self-supporting interior walls of the structure.
• the present invention therefore provides a habitable structure, or any other architectural building, the protective envelope and the interior walls of which are light, self-supporting, removable and have a geometric axis of revolution.
• the invention is such that the proposed architectural structure is provided at least all of the following essential and consistent properties:
• the overall structure may not necessarily include platform, floor or ground and therefore simply be devolved to a shelter or protection function around the casing space it or protect while being able to rotate around this space or to move according to combined movements of translation and rotation relative to this space;
• the assembly is capable of moving on an appropriate fluid bed, under the control of the associated device also relating to the invention, which - 6 -
• the structure is formed of an outer envelope movable in rotation around a geometric axis of revolution but it is specially designed to house an interior space which can remain fixed relative to the ground or protect a platform secured to the ground;
• the structure may include other interior walls or autonomous platforms fixed or movable with respect to the exterior envelope or with respect to the ground, which platforms or walls, if they are movable and of suitable shape, can be move or rotate by floating on a fluid bed;
• the outermost platform of the structure if this structure has any, can be kept fixed with respect to a geodesic point or else remain fixed with respect to the architectural ensemble on which it rests, as is the case for most applications but said platform is designed to be able to move itself by floating on a fluid bed while supporting all of the elements of the fixed or mobile outer envelope and all the other walls, partitions and floors fixed or mobile interiors.
• the architectural structure according to the invention is a device which does not have the drawbacks of known devices and which provides very superior or new characteristics compared to those of conventional embodiments by greater ease of overall construction, and true mobility of its installation.
• the lightness of the envelope and the modularity of all the structural elements are logistics and manufacturing criteria which favor prefabrication outside the construction site.
• such criteria allow installation and dismantling on sites where conventional constructions are not suitable and whose disassembly is impossible, slow and destructive or very expensive.
• the architectural structure of the present invention allows the lift, the displacements, the maintenance in position of the structure by using specific materials of very high performance, with properties and by implementing a set of coherent, reliable and efficient techniques to carry out the training of moving parts and control of movements.
• the present invention gives all the innovative features in the construction of buildings with domes, housing, hotels, space - 7 -
• the architectural structure is equipped with its own lift and drive device on a fluid plane or in a flotation capacity containing a suitable liquid or fluid.
• the structure and the device associated with it which are described and presented here, are an improvement on the invention which is the subject of the patents cited above.
• a notable improvement lies in that the fluid bed can be used as material providing an effective seal between the interior and exterior of the space or loft space, naturally opposing the passage of undesired particles, substances or organisms living harmful or dangerous.
• the protective envelope of the architectural structure is light, orientable and mobile on an appropriate fluid bed (simple liquid like water or a composite fluid (or multiphase if necessary).
• the structure can have the property of being submerged or floating in whole or in part in a capacity filled with liquid
• the protective envelope of the architectural structure can move to be located inside or outside a living space. habitable assembly capable of moving itself in rotation and in translation relative to a fixed point on the ground or on a platform, within the limits of the field of trajectories authorized by the shape and the proper dimensions of the capacity containing the liquid waterline.
• the assembly is driven, piloted and guided in its movements by a hydraulic or mechanical action device, the control of which can be manual or automated or manual and controlled.
• the guidance and the maintenance in the desired position are obtained, on the one hand, thanks to a device integrated into the entire structure and, on the other hand, by - 9 -
• the guide device authorizes for each movable element rotational movements, translational movements and movements of the assembly which combine rotations and translations.
• the moving assembly can be piloted partially or entirely by the implementation of the systemic provisions which comprise the piloting device and which implement or ensure the enslavement of the position of speed and acceleration, on the desired trajectory.
• the walls of the capacity are in this case the physical limits of the movement gauge, the walls of the capacity act as physical or mechanical stops.
• the adjustable structure envelope on the one hand and auxiliary walls, like the shutter can cover all or part of the living space.
• the envelope or the auxiliary walls are supported or fixed on at least one flotation element in the form of a reservoir peripheral to the structure, which element allows the assembly to which it is linked to sustain itself either by floating in the liquid, or by laying or anchoring on a solid wall like that of the capacity containing the flotation liquid.
• the ascent or descent of the assembly to which the tanks are linked is ensured either by a variable ballast device obtained by filling the tanks more or less, or by adjusting the water level in the flotation capacity, when the application requires it.
• the emptying of the buoyancy capacity allows the entire structure to land and remain fixed at the bottom of the tank, by its own weight which in this case is no longer compensated by the pushing force d 'Archimedes.
• the flotation device can consist of several ballast tanks arranged in a crown and called “floats-ballasts" which can be partially filled with liquid and allow the action of gravity forces to tilt said "floats- ballasts ”, which thus entail the structural envelope to which they are linked.
• the “ballast floats” partially filled with liquid can be rotated on themselves or in translation by displacement of the fluid mass contained in the flotation capacity (effect - 10 -
• a little liquid remaining in the flotation capacity acts as a fluid seal which ensures the seal between the inside and the outside of the structure.
• a multiphase fluid such as water and fine sand
• This fluid transfer method is in particular more suitable for installations in hot or cold countries because it can be carried out in a closed circuit by means of a circulation pumping device which can also be implemented for other uses.
• protection is provided by a flexible joint cover wall, thereby making it possible to isolate the space between the walls of the tank and the top of the “ballast floats”.
• the movements are then limited only by constraints external to the device described, such as the passage of electrical conduits, pipes, and other connections to various networks.
• an air flow element is attached to the envelope outside thereof, which element is placed at the top of the assembly after the tilting operation in order to thereby create a natural weather vane effect which l action is used to optimize the positioning of the structure so as to provide it with minimal wind resistance.
• This set finds its natural mechanical balance by placing itself in the axis of the wind.
• the main envelope of the structure with its “ballast floats” can be completed by a watertight platform acting as a floor or interior floor, which platform allows the assembly thus formed with the other envelopes of the structure float freely in rotation and move horizontally on a liquid plane (a natural body of water or a basin for example).
• a watertight platform acting as a floor or interior floor, which platform allows the assembly thus formed with the other envelopes of the structure float freely in rotation and move horizontally on a liquid plane (a natural body of water or a basin for example).
• the "ballast floats", at least three, are more or less filled with liquid manually or automatically, in order to precisely adjust the horizontality and the suitable trim after the installation of the furniture and interior equipment fixed and adapted to the use of the living structure thus constituted.
• This adjustment is made possible and easy due to the very low weight of the self-supporting envelope formed.
• the possibility of giving floors a natural slope of low value in a chosen and variable direction provides many advantages for the flow of cleaning fluids and the drying of interior floors or for performing the evacuation of overflow in an adequate direction of a capacity integral with the floor.
• This floating assembly with a central pivot assembly fixed to the bottom of the flotation capacity or of the water basin (or other fluid).
• Said central pivot whose axis coincides with the geometric rotation axis of the structure may comprise a cylindrical guide ring provided with floating cylindrical sleeves placed vertically constituting the equivalent of a rolling giant needle between the fixed pivot and the central bearing secured to the floating platform.
• This constructive arrangement of the central pivot will on the one hand mechanically improve the stability of the horizontal attitude of the floating structure, eliminate the parasitic effects of rolling and pitching caused by the movements of the fluid and on the other hand allow the passage of cables and other flexible pipes connected to a technical unit located outside the structure.
• An outer casing resting on floats or “ballast floats” and rotating on itself, can be added around the assembly to increase the positioning combinations in rotation with climatic protection and safety.
• a pump with filter and several solenoid valves have a combined operation in order to obtain all the fluid displacements necessary to move the envelope of the structure with all the possibilities required depending on the applications, namely:
• ballasting floats which are more or less filled with water (or other fluid)
• the pump and distribution valve assembly described above can be installed on one of the “ballast floats” and supplemented by:
• a meteorological center distributed on the outer envelope comprising sensors indicating the wind direction and speed, a temperature sensor, a rain sensor, or a simple rain detector, - a solar panel integrated in the outer envelope associated with battery cells for energy storage,
• the device for driving in horizontal translation or in rotation about a vertical axis which can be carried out using a device external to the assembly to be moved by artificially creating in the flotation fluid a carrier current directed by a pump flow, which current causes the floats and the movable structure in the same direction as the current that can also be reversed by reversing the direction of fluid flow through a set of distribution valves controlled remotely or - 13 -
• the pumping and distribution device also allows the transfer of the entire fluid between the flotation capacity and an external reservoir to the mobile assembly or external to the flotation capacity.
• the whole described here constitutes a set of bionic architecture which reacts to its environment and shelters its occupants at best from aggressions and solicitations from it.
• This assembly is capable of being piloted and controlled remotely from information captured in the environment as in the atmosphere covered by the entire construction, from commands supplied to it by a set of programs and operating instructions.
• the control unit has a bidirectional communication link, hardware or immaterial, to connect to a remote programming module, to a microcomputer allowing to monitor and secure the installation and to adjust the parameters with the flexible and versatile means of suitable and very simple to use software which also contributes to the operational safety of the equipment.
• Remote control and monitoring are also possible due to the existence of this type of link which allows a maintenance operator to remotely check the entire installation and a user to operate and monitor the system either in local mode with a wireless remote control, or at long distance via public or private telecommunication networks.
• a home protection and surveillance, alarm and burglar alarm system can be added to the above set.
• the assembly described above is intended to be entirely dismountable and transportable, including the elements which constitute the flotation capacities, as well as the "floats-ballasts".
• the set is prefabricated and can be delivered as a kit for quick and easy assembly.
• the envelope 1 of FIGS. 1 to 7 rests on a float element 2 itself placed on a fluid bed 3, or basin, or swimming pool. - 14 -
• the envelope 1 can thus rotate on itself around its vertical axis.
• This envelope is light and formed for this model, with self-supporting elements in the form of spherical triangles which assemble as shown in Figures 10 and 11.
• the triangles 33 allow to form pentagons 35, their mass is about 20 Kg.
• the triangles 34 make it possible to constitute hexagons 36, their mass is approximately 25 Kg They are made with composite materials which constitute an outer skin, They can include reinforcements on the sides, with reservations for passing cables and conduits in the structure thus formed.
• the materials of the external envelope can be determined from intrinsic properties or selected for their specific powers suitable for use which would allow: a) either to constitute around the internal space a kind of shell environmental and selective protection against different types of parasitic or harmful phenomena, b) either to prepare or condition the interior atmosphere for the purpose of comfort or comfort or else for the purpose of specific utility, by variable and adapted filtration spectral components of the energy flows, c) either to filter or to stop incoming or outgoing elements through the interface that constitutes one or more of the fixed or mobile walls.
• the materials can be chosen according to the desired effect in order to ensure, without this being limiting or by way of example, the following effects:
• a shutter wall 5 of the same shape as that of the outer envelope 1 can be formed to be placed inside of it, and according to the same principle of assembly.
• the elements that make up this shutter wall are even lighter than those of the main envelope. They do not necessarily have a composite outer skin.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the fundamental principle of the implementation of the device - 16 -
• the structure 1 rests on a floating device 2 on a fluid bed 3.
• the structure is guided in rotation and in translation by the guide wall 4a.
• the liquid crown 3 is contained in a capacity 4a of FIG. 1 which, in the case of a structure which has only one movable wall, becomes a pipe 4e shown in FIG. 5 and which becomes a double pipe 4f shown in FIG. 6, to allow independent rotation of the outer casing 1 and of a movable wall-flap 5.
• the wall-flap 5 may cover only a fraction of the surface of the structure, which can lead to provide a pivot 9 as a fulcrum and guidance, or rotation, on the top of the envelope 1.
• This wall-flap 5 has its own floats 6 and if necessary, a partition 7 in the flotation capacity, to perfect displacement and guiding in rotation independently for each element.
• the main envelope 10 can always include the float elements 2 but preferably used in ballast mode.
• This main envelope and the “ballast floats” are closed at their base by a waterproof floor 8 which allows the entire habitable structure thus formed, to float in a 4d basin.
• the floating assembly thus formed may also include an outer envelope 1 resting on its own floats 11, which allows all the possible combinations of positioning of the two envelopes in rotation independently of one another, for ideal sunshine, the ideal view, climate protection and favor the capture of natural energy and thus make maximum savings in terms of energy cost.
• ballast floats 15 or attached ballasts allow, by filling with water (or other fluid), manually or automatically, to correct the horizontal attitude of the floating structure to compensate for the weight of the fittings and furniture put in place that can be distributed anywhere on the waterproof floor surface.
• the floating structure can be maintained in a horizontal plane, around its central pivot 12 by a rolling system and axial guide 17 consisting of floating and rigid rollers of plastic materials, arranged in a crown in the bearing 16 secured to the floor.
• This assembly thus constituted acts as a mechanical needle bearing whose lubrication; the vibration damping and the sealing of the joint are produced naturally by the fluid of the floating capacity of the basin.
• Such an attractive and inexpensive solution is particularly simple to maintain, even negligible.
• the giant floating needles are immersed at approximately 4/5 th of their height and can be extracted and put in place easily from above.
• this rolling device is to complete the stabilization system of the horizontal attitude described above, in order to eliminate rolling and pitching and parasitic vibrations caused by the wind and the possible movements of the carrier fluid, in order to to ensure maximum comfort for the inhabitants of the structure and to simplify the constructive measures aimed at fulfilling the functions of holding in position and stabilization.
• FIGS 2 and 3 illustrate a particular and original use of the floating envelope 1 fixed on "ballast floats" 2 which can be either empty or filled with water on a semi-crown.
• the envelope is movable in rotation around its vertical axis as described above.
• the pivot 19 is arranged at the bottom of the basin to serve as a stop and guide for the rotation of the envelope around the axis V, in the uncovered position.
• the aeraulic element for use of a vane 20 appears on the top - 18 -
• the envelope in tilted position to facilitate its orientation in the wind axis with a minimum wind resistance.
• the envelope tilts slowly because of the resistance offered by the water in the basin to return to its original place after lull.
• the envelope In case of strong winds, the envelope must be able to close on its own or not to open. This open envelope in good weather also serves as wind protection for users of the pool.
• thermo-acoustic insulating materials To further optimize the use of this envelope, it is planned to build it with part of the glazed surface and with the other part of the surface in solid elements with thermo-acoustic insulating materials.
• An additional interior envelope comprising the equivalent of the glazed surface of the main envelope, constructed of insulating materials, on "ballast floats", and supported by a pivot at the top, completes the habitable complex.
• FIGS. 7, 8, 9 illustrate one of the possible drive systems 26 making it possible to carry out the displacements of the floating structures described above from a “float-ballast” 2, 6 specially equipped and dedicated to the function of training.
• the drive system 26 makes it possible to move the entire structure from bottom to top and vice versa, or - 19 -
• the envelope associated with the drive system 26 incorporates the following devices:
• various sensors 30 for measuring the climatic conditions and the ambient conditions in the structure; these sensors are connected to the piloting and control device 27, which acquires and processes the measurements and controls the actuator devices of the system for maintaining and moving the entire structure, according to the use program and operating parameters and user selection criteria; a group of solar panels 24 and a storage battery 29 dedicated to storing the energy necessary for the operation of the assembly;
• the shell can also be incorporated, if necessary, other sensor devices and actuators connected to the microprocessor dedicated to the security and monitoring of operation of mobile structures, the anti-intrusion and anti-intrusion, and protection of the building itself and its annexes;
• a man-machine interface “HMI” desk 31 can be remote to allow the user to program the system and to remote control it via a hardware or immaterial communication link 32; in addition, via the device 31, the device 27 comprises at least one bidirectional communication link between the control device and an external network provided for programming or remote control and remote monitoring purposes;
• a universal computer 25 (of the “PC” type for example) equipped with installation-specific software also makes it possible, locally or remotely, to program, supervise, memorize, restore, all the information for - 20 -
• a second inner casing or movable partition can be connected to the same system to further improve performance.
• kits which result from the implementation of the invention are provided.
• a complete kit includes:
• the envelopes produced with the kit are spherical in shape with an outside diameter of 9.50 meters, a thickness of 15 cm, and an inside useful diameter of 9 meters.
• FIG. 12 shows the buoyancy capacity in section along a vertical plane and indicates at 12a the proportions adapted to each of the models presented in this description.
• Dome-shaped model 1 The main characteristics of the models are given below.
• Figure 12 Dome-shaped model 1:
• Figure 15 Model in the shape of a sphere 1: External height of the base 8.20 m
• FIG. 17 illustrates other possibilities of realization for larger ovoid structures which can be developed later by extrapolating the validated data for the structures in spherical domes.
• FIGS. 18 and 18a relating to a construction suitable for a collective space on the ground or for a building roof.
• the outer envelopes are fixed and have two glazed surfaces facing each other with an inner flap wall that can be rotated 360 °. The area covered for this

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-03-17 FR FR9803232A patent/FR2776317B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-03-17 WO PCT/FR1999/000611 patent/WO1999047761A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-03-17 EP EP99909027A patent/EP1064435A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-03-17 AU AU28420/99A patent/AU2842099A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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