EP1061325B1 - Glass-metal passages - Google Patents

Glass-metal passages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1061325B1
EP1061325B1 EP00111445A EP00111445A EP1061325B1 EP 1061325 B1 EP1061325 B1 EP 1061325B1 EP 00111445 A EP00111445 A EP 00111445A EP 00111445 A EP00111445 A EP 00111445A EP 1061325 B1 EP1061325 B1 EP 1061325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glass
metal
plug
glass plug
cover piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00111445A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1061325A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Korber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schott AG
Carl Zeiss AG
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss AG
Schott Glaswerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Zeiss AG, Schott Glaswerke AG filed Critical Carl Zeiss AG
Publication of EP1061325A1 publication Critical patent/EP1061325A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1061325B1 publication Critical patent/EP1061325B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/103Mounting initiator heads in initiators; Sealing-plugs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/521Sealing between contact members and housing, e.g. sealing insert

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glass-metal bushing according to the preamble of the claim. This means vacuum-tight fusion of glasses in metals. The metals are doing electrical conductors.
  • US-A-5 345 872 describes a glass-metal bushing according to the Preamble of the claim. Another glass-to-metal bushing is in US-A-3,274,937.
  • Such bushings are wide in electronics and electrical engineering common.
  • the glass used for melting serves as an insulator.
  • Typical glass-metal bushings are structured as follows: metallic inner conductor melted into a preformed sintered glass part, the sintered glass part being melted into an outer metal part.
  • Such glass-metal bushings are for example lighters. Such lighters are used for airbags or for belt tensioners in motor vehicles.
  • the glass-metal bushings Part of an ignition device.
  • the whole Ignition device includes one in addition to the glass-metal bushing Ignition bridge, the explosives and a metal cover that the Ignition mechanism tightly encloses.
  • the implementation plays one important role. It is necessary to control the electrical voltage caused by a or two metallic pins, a housing reliably and insulated supply.
  • Known glass-metal bushings are structured as follows: a glazed pen is made with conductive epoxy or an electrically conductive adhesive used as ground wire. He poses with it the necessary connection to the metallic housing. This Embodiment is very complex and expensive to manufacture. On serious disadvantage is that the ground connection to the outside Housing is quite unsafe. This can have serious consequences especially in the application examples of the airbag or of the belt tensioner.
  • the invention has for its object to a glass-metal implementation create a reliable ground connection to the outer metal part guaranteed, even long after installation.
  • the Implementation should also be inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a solder-coated cover piece is provided, which on one of the is arranged on both ends of the glass plug and one of the two Conductively encloses metal pins.
  • Such a solder-coated cover piece is inserted into the melting mold when assembling the parts. By the Inserting the cover piece is a safe ground connection to the outside Metal part guaranteed.
  • the application of the lid piece should be during of the glazing process.
  • the glass-metal bushing according to the invention fulfills perfectly their functions. But it is also inexpensive. It will be geometric complex and therefore expensive metal parts are unnecessary.
  • the primer shown in Figure 1 comprises two metal pins 1, 2 as Serve plugs, a glass bushing 3, an ignition charge 4, a Cover 5 and a sleeve 6.
  • the glass plug is surrounded by a sleeve 6.
  • a cover piece 3.2 This is in the glass plug 3.1 together with the two metal pins 1, 2 melted down. It provides a conductive connection between the metal pin 1 and the sleeve 6 ago. On the other hand, it is not more conductive with pin 2 Connection.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)

Abstract

The detonator for inflating a car air bag or releasing a safety belt has two parallel metal rods(1, 2). These are fused at their ends into a glass plug (3). A metal sleeve (4) is fitted on to the plug and a cover plate at the top of the plug surrounds the rods and is in conducting contact with them. It is also sealed to the wall of the sleeve.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs. Hierunter versteht man vakuumdichte Verschmelzungen von Gläsern in Metallen. Die Metalle sind dabei elektrische Leiter.The invention relates to a glass-metal bushing according to the preamble of the claim. This means vacuum-tight fusion of glasses in metals. The metals are doing electrical conductors.

US-A-5 345 872 beschreibt eine Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches. Eine weitere Glas-Metall-Durchführung ist in US-A-3 274 937 beschrieben.US-A-5 345 872 describes a glass-metal bushing according to the Preamble of the claim. Another glass-to-metal bushing is in US-A-3,274,937.

Derartige Durchführungen sind in der Elektronik und in der Elektrotechnik weit verbreitet. Das zum Einschmelzen verwendete Glas dient hierbei als Isolator. Typische Glas-Metall-Durchführungen sind wie folgt aufgebaut: es werden metallische Innenleiter in ein vorgeformtes Sinterglasteil eingeschmolzen, wobei das Sinterglasteil in ein äußeres Metallteil eingeschmolzen wird.Such bushings are wide in electronics and electrical engineering common. The glass used for melting serves as an insulator. Typical glass-metal bushings are structured as follows: metallic inner conductor melted into a preformed sintered glass part, the sintered glass part being melted into an outer metal part.

Bevorzugte Anwendungen solcher Glas-Metall-Durchführungen sind beispielsweise Anzünder. Derartige Anzünder werden verwendet für Airbags oder für Gurtspanner bei Kraftfahrzeugen. In diesem Falle sind die Glas-Metall-Durchführungen Bestandteil einer Zündvorrichtung. Die gesamte Zündvorrichtung umfaßt außer der Glas-Metall-Durchführung eine Zündbrücke, den Sprengstoff sowie eine Metallabdeckung, die den Zündmechanismus dicht umschließt. Die Durchführung spielt dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Sie ist notwendig, um die elektrische Spannung, die durch ein oder zwei metallische Stifte erfolgt, einem Gehäuse zuverlässig und isoliert zuzuführen.Preferred applications of such glass-metal bushings are for example lighters. Such lighters are used for airbags or for belt tensioners in motor vehicles. In this case, the glass-metal bushings Part of an ignition device. The whole Ignition device includes one in addition to the glass-metal bushing Ignition bridge, the explosives and a metal cover that the Ignition mechanism tightly encloses. The implementation plays one important role. It is necessary to control the electrical voltage caused by a or two metallic pins, a housing reliably and insulated supply.

Bekannte Glas-Metall-Durchführungen sind wie folgt aufgebaut: ein eingeglaster Stift wird mittels leitfähigem Epoxidharz beziehungsweise mittels eines elektrisch leitenden Klebers als Massedraht verwendet. Er stellt damit die notwendige Verbindung zum metallischen Gehäuse her. Diese Ausführungsform ist sehr aufwendig und teuer in der Herstellung. Ein gravierender Nachteil besteht darin, daß der Masseschluß zum äußeren Gehäuse recht unsicher ist. Dies kann schwerwiegende Folgen haben, insbesondere bei den genannten Anwendungsbeispielen des Airbags oder des Gurtstrammers.Known glass-metal bushings are structured as follows: a glazed pen is made with conductive epoxy or an electrically conductive adhesive used as ground wire. He poses with it the necessary connection to the metallic housing. This Embodiment is very complex and expensive to manufacture. On serious disadvantage is that the ground connection to the outside Housing is quite unsafe. This can have serious consequences especially in the application examples of the airbag or of the belt tensioner.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Glas-Metall-Durchführung zu schaffen, die einen zuverlässigen Masseschluß zum äußeren Metallteil gewährleistet, und zwar auch noch lange Zeit nach dem Einbau. Die Durchführung soll außerdem kostengünstig herstellbar sein.The invention has for its object to a glass-metal implementation create a reliable ground connection to the outer metal part guaranteed, even long after installation. The Implementation should also be inexpensive to manufacture.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Dem gemäß wird ein lotbeschichtetes Deckelstück vorgesehen, das an der einen der beiden Stirnseiten des Glaspfropfens angeordnet wird und einen der beiden Metallstifte leitend umschließt. Ein solches lotbeschichtetes Deckelstück wird bei der Montage der Teile in die Schmelzform eingebracht. Durch das Einbringen des Deckelstückes wird ein sicherer Masseschluß zum äußeren Metallteil gewährleistet. Das Aufbringen des Deckelstückes sollte während des Einglasungsprozeßes erfolgen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. According to a solder-coated cover piece is provided, which on one of the is arranged on both ends of the glass plug and one of the two Conductively encloses metal pins. Such a solder-coated cover piece is inserted into the melting mold when assembling the parts. By the Inserting the cover piece is a safe ground connection to the outside Metal part guaranteed. The application of the lid piece should be during of the glazing process.

Ganz wesentliche Vorteile liegen in Folgendem:

  • Das Deckelstück kann aufgrund seiner erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung als Metallscheibe ausgebildet sein, die sich durch Stanzen herstellen läßt und die somit kostengünstig ist.
  • Die Metallhülse kann als Abschnitt von einem Rohr abgetrennt werden, und läßt sich somit ebenfalls kostengünstig herstellen.
  • Ebenfalls im Sinne einer Fertigungsrationalisierung wirkt sich Merkmal 1.6 des neuen Patentanspruches aus, wonach das Deckelstück zusammen mit den beiden Metallstiften in den Glaspfropfen eingeschmolzen ist.
  • Ein Nacharbeiten ist nicht mehr notwendig, schon gar nicht eine Nachbehandlung beim Kunden, der die Glas-Metall-Vorrichtung in eine zugeordnete Einrichtung einbaut, beispielsweise in eine Zündvorrichtung.
  • Die Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß der Erfindung läßt sich als sogenannte Druckglas-Durchführung herstellen.
The main advantages are as follows:
  • Due to its design according to the invention, the cover piece can be designed as a metal disk which can be produced by stamping and which is therefore inexpensive.
  • The metal sleeve can be separated as a section from a tube, and can thus also be produced inexpensively.
  • Feature 1.6 of the new patent claim also affects the rationalization of production, according to which the cover piece is melted together with the two metal pins in the glass plug.
  • Reworking is no longer necessary, and certainly not post-treatment at the customer who installs the glass-metal device in an associated device, for example in an ignition device.
  • The glass-metal bushing according to the invention can be produced as a so-called pressure glass bushing.

Die erfindungsgemäße Glas-Metall-Durchführung erfüllt in perfekter Weise ihre Funktionen. Sie ist aber auch kostengünstig. Es werden geometrisch aufwendige und damit teure Metallteile überflüssig.The glass-metal bushing according to the invention fulfills perfectly their functions. But it is also inexpensive. It will be geometric complex and therefore expensive metal parts are unnecessary.

Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin ist im einzelnen folgendes dargestellt:

Figur 1
zeigt in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein sogenanntes Anzündhütchen, so wie dies beispielsweise für einen Airbag Verwendung findet.
Figur 2
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Glas-Metall-Durchführung, die Bestandteil des Anzündhütchens gemäß Figur 1 ist.
Figur 3
veranschaulicht eine Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß dem Stande der Technik.
Figur 4
veranschaulicht eine weitere Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß dem Stande der Technik.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The following is shown in detail:
Figure 1
shows in a perspective view a so-called primer, as is used for example for an airbag.
Figure 2
shows a glass-metal bushing according to the invention, which is part of the primer cap according to Figure 1.
Figure 3
illustrates a glass-metal bushing according to the prior art.
Figure 4
illustrates a further glass-metal implementation according to the prior art.

Das in Figur 1 gezeigte Anzündhütchen umfaßt zwei Metallstifte 1, 2 die als Stecker dienen, eine Glasdurchführung 3, einen Anzündsatz 4, eine Abdeckung 5 sowie eine Hülse 6.The primer shown in Figure 1 comprises two metal pins 1, 2 as Serve plugs, a glass bushing 3, an ignition charge 4, a Cover 5 and a sleeve 6.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Glas-Metall-Durchführung gemäß Figur 2 erkennt man wiederum zwei Metallstifte 1, 2. Diese sind in einen Glaspfropfen 3.1 eingeschmolzen. Dabei ragen sie auf den beiden Stirnseiten des Glaspfropfens 3.1 über diesen hinaus, und zwar auf der unteren Seite um ein wesentlich größeres Maß, als auf der oberen Seite. Die beiden Metallstifte 1, 2 bilden den Stecker.Recognized in the glass-metal bushing according to the invention according to FIG. 2 one again two metal pins 1, 2. These are in a glass plug 3.1 melted down. They protrude on the two faces of the Glass plug 3.1 beyond this, namely on the lower side by one much larger dimension than on the upper side. The two metal pins 1, 2 form the connector.

Der Glaspfropfen ist umgeben von einer Hülse 6. Als wichtigstes und zugleich erfindungsgemäßes Element erkennt man ein Deckelstück 3.2. Dieses ist in den Glaspfropfen 3.1 zusammen mit den beiden Metallstiften 1, 2 eingeschmolzen. Es stellt eine leitende Verbindung zwischen dem Metallstift 1 und der Hülse 6 her. Hingegen steht es mit dem Stift 2 nicht in leitender Verbindung.The glass plug is surrounded by a sleeve 6. As the most important and at the same time element according to the invention can be seen a cover piece 3.2. This is in the glass plug 3.1 together with the two metal pins 1, 2 melted down. It provides a conductive connection between the metal pin 1 and the sleeve 6 ago. On the other hand, it is not more conductive with pin 2 Connection.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 3, die dem Stande der Technik angehört, erkennt man wiederum die beiden Metallstifte 1, 2, den Glaspfropfen 3.1 sowie die Hülse 6. Jedoch fehlt hier ein Deckelstück 3.2.In the embodiment according to Figure 3, the prior art heard, you can see the two metal pins 1, 2, the Glass plug 3.1 and the sleeve 6. However, a cover piece 3.2 is missing here.

Dies ist auch bei der vorbekannten Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 4 der Fall. Auch dort fehlt ein Deckelstück. Lediglich Metallstift 1 ist in einen Glaspfropfen 3.1 eingeschmolzen.This is also the case with the previously known embodiment according to FIG. 4. A cover piece is also missing there. Only metal pin 1 is in a glass plug 3.1 melted down.

Claims (1)

  1. Glass-metal lead-through, for example for an igniter of an airbag or of a belt tensioner;
    1.1 having two metal pins (1, 2) which are parallel to one another;
    1.2 having a glass plug (3.1) into which the metal pins (1, 2) are fused over part of their length;
    1.3 having a metal sleeve (6) which surrounds the glass plug (3.1);
    1.4 there is a cover piece (3.2) which is arranged on one of the two end sides of the glass plug (3.1), conductively surrounds one (1) of the two metal pins (1, 2) and which furthermore is conductively connected to the metal sleeve (6);
       characterized by the following features:
    1.5 the cover piece (3.2) is fused into the glass plug (3.1) together with the two metal pins (1, 2);
    1.6 the cover piece (3.2) is flush with the associated end face of the glass plug (3.1);
    the metal pins (1, 2) project beyond the end sides of the glass plug (3.1) on both sides.
EP00111445A 1999-06-15 2000-05-27 Glass-metal passages Expired - Lifetime EP1061325B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19927233A DE19927233A1 (en) 1999-06-15 1999-06-15 Glass-metal feedthrough
DE19927233 1999-06-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1061325A1 EP1061325A1 (en) 2000-12-20
EP1061325B1 true EP1061325B1 (en) 2003-01-02

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00111445A Expired - Lifetime EP1061325B1 (en) 1999-06-15 2000-05-27 Glass-metal passages

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1061325B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001027499A (en)
AT (1) ATE230477T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19927233A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007016692B3 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-07-24 Schott Ag Metal fixing material leadthrough, particularly for fixtures and fittings, has metal pin arranged in passage opening, which is in base body of fixing material
US8276514B2 (en) 2003-03-03 2012-10-02 Schott Ag Metal fixing material bushing and method for producing a base plate of a metal fixing material bushing
US8733250B2 (en) 2006-01-27 2014-05-27 Schott Ag Metal-sealing material-feedthrough and utilization of the metal-sealing material feedthrough with an airbag, a belt tensioning device, and an ignition device
DE102013011851B3 (en) * 2013-07-16 2014-05-28 Elisabeth Dürschinger Inductively activated detonator for airbag-gas generators of occupant restraint system in motor vehicle, has iron core that is hermetically biased with closed-end sleeve by form-locking connection with elastic sealing lip
DE102014007809A1 (en) 2014-05-26 2015-11-26 Elisabeth Dürschinger Inductively activatable primer for occupant restraint systems
US9423218B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2016-08-23 Schott Ag Method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element

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DE10134167A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2002-10-10 Trw Airbag Sys Gmbh & Co Kg Gas generator ignition plug connector has protruding contact element electrically connected to cable wire to contact electrically conducting ignition bearer when unit is plugged together
DE502004007186D1 (en) 2003-03-03 2008-07-03 Schott Ag Metal fixation material feedthrough and method for manufacturing a base body of a metal fixation material feedthrough
DE102006004036A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-08-09 Schott Ag Metal fixing material implementation and use of such a passage and airbag and belt tensioner with an ignition device
DE20314580U1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-08-05 Schott Glas Metal-glass fastening equipment lead-through for airbag or seat belt tension triggers has metal pins in a through-opening and a main body with front and rear sides and a release action
DE10326253B3 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-11-04 Schott Glas Metal-glass fastening equipment lead-through for airbag or seat belt tension triggers has metal pins in a through-opening and a main body with front and rear sides and a release action
DE10321067B4 (en) * 2003-05-10 2006-04-27 Schott Ag Electric ignition unit with a plug for igniting fuels
JP5084210B2 (en) 2006-09-26 2012-11-28 キヤノン株式会社 Image forming system and control method thereof
DE102006056077A1 (en) 2006-11-28 2008-05-29 Schott Ag Ignition device for a pyrotechnic protection device
DE102007031690B4 (en) 2007-07-06 2009-06-18 Electrovac Ag Metal / fixing material socket for igniters of airbags or the like passenger protection devices and ignition device with such a base
DE102009008673B3 (en) 2009-02-12 2010-08-19 Schott Ag Punched feedthrough element with soldered contact pin
US10684102B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2020-06-16 Schott Ag Method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element
EP2675765B1 (en) 2011-02-18 2019-11-06 Schott AG Feed-through, in particular for batteries and method for integrating said feed-through in a housing by means of ultrasonic welding
DE102011106873A1 (en) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Schott Ag Feed-through, useful in a component of a battery cell housing of an accumulator e.g. a lithium ion battery, where the feed-through passes through the housing component comprising an opening through which a pin-shaped conductor is guided
DE102014219125A1 (en) 2014-09-23 2016-03-24 Schott Ag Feedthrough element with directly connected ground pin, process for its preparation and its use
DE102014219127A1 (en) 2014-09-23 2016-03-24 Schott Ag Feedthrough element with welded ground pin, method for its production and its use
DE102014219124B4 (en) 2014-09-23 2021-02-18 Schott Ag Feed-through element with ground pin in contact sleeve, method for its production and its use
DE102015118518A1 (en) 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Ignition element for igniting a pyrotechnic substance and ignition system
CN112736511A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-04-30 广东核电合营有限公司 Cable connection structure and manufacturing method thereof

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DE2904174C2 (en) * 1979-02-05 1984-01-26 Heko - Elektronik GmbH & Co KG, 2804 Lilienthal Electric ignition unit
JP2700100B2 (en) * 1993-05-28 1998-01-19 日本工機株式会社 Igniter
US5621183A (en) * 1995-01-12 1997-04-15 Trw Inc. Initiator for an air bag inflator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8276514B2 (en) 2003-03-03 2012-10-02 Schott Ag Metal fixing material bushing and method for producing a base plate of a metal fixing material bushing
US8327765B2 (en) 2003-03-03 2012-12-11 Schott Ag Metal fixing material bushing and method for producing a base plate of a metal fixing material bushing
US8733250B2 (en) 2006-01-27 2014-05-27 Schott Ag Metal-sealing material-feedthrough and utilization of the metal-sealing material feedthrough with an airbag, a belt tensioning device, and an ignition device
DE102007016692B3 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-07-24 Schott Ag Metal fixing material leadthrough, particularly for fixtures and fittings, has metal pin arranged in passage opening, which is in base body of fixing material
US9423218B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2016-08-23 Schott Ag Method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element
US9651345B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2017-05-16 Schott Ag Method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element
DE102013011851B3 (en) * 2013-07-16 2014-05-28 Elisabeth Dürschinger Inductively activated detonator for airbag-gas generators of occupant restraint system in motor vehicle, has iron core that is hermetically biased with closed-end sleeve by form-locking connection with elastic sealing lip
DE102014007809A1 (en) 2014-05-26 2015-11-26 Elisabeth Dürschinger Inductively activatable primer for occupant restraint systems
DE102014007809B4 (en) * 2014-05-26 2017-02-16 Elisabeth Dürschinger Inductively activated primer for occupant restraint systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001027499A (en) 2001-01-30
DE19927233A1 (en) 2001-01-11
EP1061325A1 (en) 2000-12-20
DE50000989D1 (en) 2003-02-06
ATE230477T1 (en) 2003-01-15

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