EP1050726B1 - Refrigeration system - Google Patents

Refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1050726B1
EP1050726B1 EP00109558A EP00109558A EP1050726B1 EP 1050726 B1 EP1050726 B1 EP 1050726B1 EP 00109558 A EP00109558 A EP 00109558A EP 00109558 A EP00109558 A EP 00109558A EP 1050726 B1 EP1050726 B1 EP 1050726B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigeration
circuit
freezing
compressor
line
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EP00109558A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1050726A3 (en
EP1050726A2 (en
Inventor
Klaus Koch
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Carrier Kaeltetechnik Deutschland GmbH
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Linde Kaeltetechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for defrosting this refrigeration system.
  • US-A-4 474 026 discloses a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Refrigeration systems are operated, for example, in supermarkets. They generally supply a variety of Kälte Toom, such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one- or multi-component refrigerant or refrigerant mixture.
  • a refrigeration system - as known from DE-PS 39 28 430 - has a condenser, in which the pressurized refrigerant is condensed by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air.
  • the liquid refrigerant from the condenser is fed to a sump.
  • so much refrigerant must always be present so that even with maximum refrigeration demand, the evaporator of all refrigeration consumers can be filled.
  • the excess refrigerant must be collected during these times in the designated collection container.
  • the refrigerant is supplied to the Kältestedem.
  • Each refrigeration consumer is preceded by an expansion device, preferably an expansion valve, in which the refrigerant flowing into the refrigeration appliance or the evaporator (s) of the refrigeration consumer is expanded.
  • the so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporators of the refrigerant consumers and thus cools the corresponding refrigeration cabinets and rooms.
  • the thus evaporated refrigerant is then supplied via a suction line to a compressor unit.
  • These compressor units can be configured in one or more stages. As a rule, the individual compressor stages have several compressors connected in parallel. These compress the refrigerant and convey it via a riser in turn to the already mentioned condenser. While the compressor unit normally stands, for example, in a machine room arranged in the basement of a supermarket, the liquefier is located on the roof of the supermarket.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system of the generic type, which makes a lower investment and operating costs and installation effort required.
  • the refrigeration system shown in FIG. 1 has only one condenser or condenser V. This can be - downstream according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention - a sump S1.
  • the liquid refrigerant from the condenser V is fed via line 1 to the collection container S1.
  • the refrigerant passes through the liquid lines 2 and 3 and 4 to the Kältestedem the normal cooling and freezing cycle.
  • the consumers V1 and V2 shown in the figure 1 for any number of consumers of Normal cooling circuit
  • the consumers V3 and V4 shown in Figure 1 are for any number of consumers of the freezing circuit.
  • Each refrigeration consumer V1 to V4 is preceded or assigned an expansion valve a to d, in which the refrigerant flowing into the refrigeration consumer or the evaporator or the evaporator of the refrigeration consumer is expanded.
  • the so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporators of the refrigerant consumers V1 to V4 and thus cools the corresponding refrigerated cabinets and rooms of the normal and the deep-freeze circuit.
  • the vaporized in the Kälte Toothem V1 and V2 of the normal refrigeration cycle refrigerant is supplied via a suction line 5 of the compressor unit of the normal refrigeration cycle.
  • This is - upstream according to a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention - a Saugsammel concerneder S2.
  • the compressor unit of the normal cooling circuit is formed in one stage only and has a plurality, preferably three parallel compressors; For the sake of clarity, only two compressors C1 and C2 connected in parallel are shown in the figure. These suck in via the lines 6 and 7 refrigerant from the Saugsammel matterser S2 and promote the compressed refrigerant via the pressure line 8 to a desuperizer E. After passing through the Enthitzers E, the refrigerant is again supplied via line 9 to the already described condenser or condenser V.
  • FIG. 1 does not show the required further cooling or subcooling of the refrigerant in the liquid line 4, which can take place, for example, in indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant conveyed in the line 10.
  • the device for subcooling the refrigerant in the liquid line 4 of the freezing circuit is spatially as close as possible to the Kältearranged V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit arranged.
  • a low-pressure suction collecting container S3 can be connected upstream of the compressor unit of the deep-freeze circuit.
  • the compressor unit of the deep-freeze circuit is preferably formed in at least two stages, again for the sake of clarity, each compressor stage is represented by two parallel compressors C3 and C5 and C4 and C6.
  • the compressors C3 and C5 of the first compressor stage suck via the lines 11 and 12 gaseous refrigerant from the low-pressure suction collecting container S3 and convey the compressed to an intermediate pressure refrigerant via line 13 into the intermediate pressure suction collecting container S4.
  • the compressors C4 and C6 of the second compressor stage via the lines 14 and 15 refrigerant and then convey the compressed refrigerant via the pressure line 16 also before the already mentioned desuperheater E in the line.
  • the compressor unit of the freezing cycle can also be configured in three or more stages; In this case, the individual compressor stages could each be preceded by separate suction collecting containers. It should be noted that, of course, can be dispensed with such Saugsammel practicer.
  • the refrigeration system according to the invention has a lower investment and operating costs and installation costs compared to the known solutions. It also allows - as will be explained - further structural design - methods and procedures that are difficult or impossible to implement with the previous solutions.
  • Refrigeration system or arranged in the refrigeration consumers evaporator must be defrosted at regular intervals, as Verreifept or icing of the evaporator lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the evaporator.
  • electro-defrosting One possibility of defrosting is so-called electro-defrosting.
  • the evaporators are defrosted by means arranged on and / or in them heaters.
  • the pressure lines 8 and 16 of the compressor units C1 / C2 and C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 via a defrosting line 30, which preferably z. B. by means of a valve e, lockable, connected to the suction line 10 of the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the freezing circuit.
  • the supply of refrigerant from the compressor unit C1 / C2 of the normal refrigeration circuit to the condenser V is now interrupted, the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the freezing circuit turned off and the heated refrigerant via the open deflation line 30 of the suction line 10 and over this supplied to the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit.
  • the flow course of the refrigerant during the defrosting phase is represented by the large, framed arrows.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing cycle or the evaporator thereof is supplied via the lines 3 and 4 to the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 of the normal refrigeration cycle and then conveyed back to the compressor unit C1 / C2 of the normal refrigeration cycle via the suction line 5.
  • the compressor unit C1 / C2 thus operates as a heat pump.
  • the defrosting line 30 is closed again by closing the valve e, the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the deep-freezing circuit is switched on and switched to the cooling mode.
  • the refrigerant now flows again via the pressure lines 8 and 16 and the common pressure line 9 from the compressor units C1 / C2 and C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 to the condenser V.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is therefore characterized in that at least one of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit or the evaporators of this refrigerated consumer a directly controlled Solenoid valve, which is arranged parallel to the corresponding expansion valve of the refrigeration consumer, is connected upstream.
  • FIG. 2 shows the immediate region of the cold consumer V3 shown in FIG. this is the area encircled by a broken line in FIG.
  • a direct-controlled solenoid valve c ' is now provided parallel to the expansion valve c in a bypass line 41.
  • the refrigerant flows through the not shown in Figure 2 Abtau réelle 30 and the suction line 10 in the evaporator of Kälteshuers V3 and then via lines 42 and 41 in the liquid line 4. Is in one of the evaporator reaches the preset defrost end temperature - what For example, can be registered by means of a corresponding defrost probe -, the solenoid valve c 'is closed.
  • the direct-operated solenoid valve c acts in the currentless coil as a check valve with an opening pressure of about 1.5 bar, which is due to the valve. Closing a solenoid valve at the appropriate defrost end temperature shifts defrosting power to those evaporators that have not yet reached defrost end temperature. An already defrosted evaporator is therefore not supplied unnecessarily refrigerant, but only more those evaporators that are not completely defrosted. These thus reach the specified defrost end temperature in a shorter time.
  • the evaporators After completion of the defrosting phase, the evaporators are simultaneously sucked off via the compressors of the normal and deep-freeze circuits. As soon as the evaporator pressure drops lower than the temperature of the T (hermostatic) E (xpansions) V (entil) sensor, refrigerant is automatically re-injected into the evaporator. The cooling of the evaporator of the deep-freeze cycle takes about 5 minutes. For this purpose, in addition to the power of the compressor of the deep-freeze circuit and the performance of the compressor of the normal refrigeration cycle available because the cold spots or cold consumers of the normal refrigeration cycle are switched to forced cooling during defrosting the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit and thereby temperatures below the target Achieve value. For the entire freezer area, therefore, a significantly lower defrost time compared to the electric defrost can be achieved.
  • the implementation of the described defrosting requires in the refrigeration system according to the invention compared to a refrigeration system in which a Elektroabtauung is performed, no overhead on piping and fittings. Since defrosting the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit no power must be forced on - as is the case for example in the case of an electro defrost - is to be considered in the energy balance only the cooling after defrosting.
  • the defrosting per se is pure heat pump operation from the normal cooling composite set or the compressor unit C1 / C2.
  • Another advantage is the fact that the pipe insulation in poorly ventilated floor ducts and / or not moisten under the refrigerators, since they are forcibly heated every 48 hours during the defrosting process.
  • the goods are exposed to a lower temperature load, since only three times a week - for example on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays - must be defrosted. With separate refrigerant circuits and a cold gas defrost This is not possible because after 48 hours of cooling in the freezing circuit no defrosting for the first defrosting would be available.
  • the refrigeration system is operated in a so-called energy-saving mode.
  • energy-saving operation in this case those operating conditions are to be understood in which at the cooling furniture down the night blinds or drove over, the lights are off, the refrigerator doors are no longer open and thus no flow of goods - ie the removal or cross of goods or in the refrigerated cabinets or cold rooms - takes place.
  • the cooling demand is often so low during these times that it comes in the compressor unit of the normal cooling circuit to a so-called.
  • Pump-down circuit is the suction of the evaporator of the refrigerated consumer to understand. This has the consequence that on the one hand cooling points with a low cooling demand, the setpoint temperatures no longer reach and on the other the switching frequency of the compressor of the normal cooling circuit is unnecessarily and undesirably high, since the increased switching frequency of these compressors leads to a reduction in their service life.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is characterized in that the freezing circuit has an at least two-stage compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 and the suction side of the normal refrigeration cycle with the or one of the intermediate pressure sides of the freezing circuit is in operative connection. If the compressor stages C1 and C2 of the normal cooling circuit and at least one compressor stage C4 and C6 of the deep-freeze circuit, which is not the first compressor stage C3 and C5, are preceded by suction collecting containers S2 and S4, these are preferably in operative connection with one another.
  • This embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention now allows further advantageous procedures, as they can not be realized with the known refrigeration systems or only with a corresponding effort.
  • An operative connection between the suction side of the normal cooling circuit and the or one of the intermediate pressure sides of the freezing circuit or between the suction collecting container the normal cooling circuit and the or one of the intermediate pressure suction collecting the Tiefkühlniklaufes can be realized according to an advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention via at least one connecting line 20.
  • a further embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is characterized in that an oil compensation line 21 connecting the suction collecting container S2 of the normal refrigeration circuit and the intermediate pressure suction collecting container S4 of the freezing circuit is provided.
  • the refrigeration system according to the invention thus offers a plurality of advantages over the known refrigeration systems, in particular with regard to the defrosting of the evaporator and the energy-saving operation. It allows this with a reduced installation effort and thus lower investment costs. As both energy consumption and maintenance are reduced, operating costs also decrease. Furthermore, compliance with the future legal requirements is possible with the defrost method described.
  • the invention could be realized not only in a refrigeration system with an at least two-stage compressor unit of the freezing circuit - as shown in Figure 1 - but also with a single-stage compressor unit.

Abstract

The refrigeration installation has separate refrigerator and freezer circuits each containing a compressor (C1/C2,C3/C4/C5/C with the pressure lines (8,16) leading from the latter combined before a condenser (V) and coupled via a selectively blocked def line (30) with the suction line (10) of the compressor (C3/C4/C5/C6) for the freezer circuit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kälteanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zum Abtauen dieser Kälteanlage.The invention relates to a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for defrosting this refrigeration system.

US-A- 4 474 026 offenbart eine Kälteanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.US-A-4 474 026 discloses a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kälteanlagen werden beispielsweise in Supermärkten betrieben. Sie versorgen dort im allgemeinen eine Vielzahl von Kälteverbrauchem, wie etwa Kühlräume, Kühl- und Tiefkühlmöbel. Zu diesem Zweck zirkuliert in ihnen ein ein- oder mehrkomponentiges Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch. Eine derartige Kälteanlage - wie sie aus der DE-PS 39 28 430 bekannt ist - weist einen Verflüssiger auf, in dem das unter Druck stehende Kältemittel durch indirekten Wärmetausch, vorzugsweise gegen Außenluft, kondensiert wird.Refrigeration systems are operated, for example, in supermarkets. They generally supply a variety of Kälteverbrauchem, such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one- or multi-component refrigerant or refrigerant mixture. Such a refrigeration system - as known from DE-PS 39 28 430 - has a condenser, in which the pressurized refrigerant is condensed by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air.

Das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem Verflüssiger wird einem Sammelbehälter zugeführt. Innerhalb einer Kälteanlage muß immer soviel Kältemittel vorhanden sein, daß auch bei maximalem Kältebedarf die Verdampfer aller Kälteverbraucher gefüllt werden können. Da jedoch bei niedrigerem Kältebedarf einzelne Verdampfer nur teilweise gefüllt oder sogar vollständig leer sind, muß das überschüssige Kältemittel während dieser Zeiten in dem dafür vorgesehenen Sammelbehälter aufgefangen werden.The liquid refrigerant from the condenser is fed to a sump. Within a refrigeration system, so much refrigerant must always be present so that even with maximum refrigeration demand, the evaporator of all refrigeration consumers can be filled. However, since at lower refrigeration demand individual evaporators are only partially filled or even completely empty, the excess refrigerant must be collected during these times in the designated collection container.

Prinzipiell ist es jedoch auch denkbar, daß auf einen derartigen Sammelbehälter verzichtet wird.In principle, however, it is also conceivable to dispense with such a collecting container.

Aus dem Sammelbehälter wird das Kältemittel den Kälteverbrauchem zugeführt.
Jedem Kälteverbraucher ist eine Expansionseinrichtung, vorzugsweise ein Expansionsventil vorgeschaltet, in welchem das in den Kälteverbraucher bzw. den oder die Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird. Das so entspannte Kältemittel wird in den Verdampfern der Kältemittelverbraucher verdampft und kühlt so die entsprechenden Kühlmöbel und -räume.From the sump, the refrigerant is supplied to the Kälteverbrauchem.
Each refrigeration consumer is preceded by an expansion device, preferably an expansion valve, in which the refrigerant flowing into the refrigeration appliance or the evaporator (s) of the refrigeration consumer is expanded. The so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporators of the refrigerant consumers and thus cools the corresponding refrigeration cabinets and rooms.

Das derart verdampfte Kältemittel wird anschließend über eine Saugleitung einer Verdichtereinheit zugeführt. Diese Verdichtereinheiten können ein- oder mehrstufig ausgebildet sein. Die einzelnen Verdichterstufen weisen im Regelfall mehrere parallel geschaltete Verdichter auf. Diese komprimieren das Kältemittel und fördern es über eine Steigleitung wiederum zu dem bereits erwähnten Verflüssiger. Während die Verdichtereinheit im Normalfall beispielsweise in einem, im Kellergeschoß eines Supermarktes angeordneten Maschinenraum steht, befindet sich der Verflüssiger auf dem Dach des Supermarktes.The thus evaporated refrigerant is then supplied via a suction line to a compressor unit. These compressor units can be configured in one or more stages. As a rule, the individual compressor stages have several compressors connected in parallel. These compress the refrigerant and convey it via a riser in turn to the already mentioned condenser. While the compressor unit normally stands, for example, in a machine room arranged in the basement of a supermarket, the liquefier is located on the roof of the supermarket.

Sind innerhalb eines Marktes sog. Normal- und sog. Tiefkühlstellen vorhanden, werden diese mittels separater Kältemittelkreisläufe versorgt; dies bedeutet also, daß eine wie in der DE-PS 39 28 430 beschriebene Kälteanlage wenigstens zweimal vorhanden ist.If there are so-called normal and so-called deep-freezing points within a market, these are supplied by means of separate refrigerant circuits; This means that a refrigeration system as described in DE-PS 39 28 430 is present at least twice.

Der für die Kühlung der Normal- und Tiefkühlstellen eines Marktes erforderliche Investitions- und Betriebskosten- sowie Installationsaufwand ist jedoch erheblich.However, the investment and operating costs and installation costs required for cooling the normal and deep-freeze points of a market are considerable.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Kälteanlage der gattungsgemäßen Art anzugeben, die einen geringeren Investitions- und Betriebskosten- sowie Installationsaufwand erforderlich macht.Object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system of the generic type, which makes a lower investment and operating costs and installation effort required.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Ansprüche 1 und 14 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by the claims 1 and 14.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kälteanlage sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen derselben seien anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform näher erläutert.The refrigeration system according to the invention and further embodiments thereof are explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Kälteanlage weist nur einen Verflüssiger bzw. Kondensator V auf. Diesem kann - gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung - ein Sammelbehälter S1 nachgeschaltet sein. Das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem Verflüssiger V wird über Leitung 1 dem Sammelbehälter S1 zugeführt. Aus diesem gelangt das Kältemittel über die Flüssigkeitsleitungen 2 sowie 3 und 4 zu den Kälteverbrauchem des Normalkühl- und Tiefkühlkreislaufes. Hierbei stehen die in der Figur 1 dargestellten Verbraucher V1 und V2 für eine beliebige Anzahl von Verbrauchern des Normalkühlkreislaufes, während die in der Figur 1 dargestellten Verbraucher V3 und V4 für eine beliebige Anzahl von Verbraucher des Tiefkühlkreislaufes stehen.The refrigeration system shown in FIG. 1 has only one condenser or condenser V. This can be - downstream according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention - a sump S1. The liquid refrigerant from the condenser V is fed via line 1 to the collection container S1. For this, the refrigerant passes through the liquid lines 2 and 3 and 4 to the Kälteverbrauchem the normal cooling and freezing cycle. Here are the consumers V1 and V2 shown in the figure 1 for any number of consumers of Normal cooling circuit, while the consumers V3 and V4 shown in Figure 1 are for any number of consumers of the freezing circuit.

Jedem Kälteverbraucher V1 bis V4 ist ein Expansionsventil a bis d vorgeschaltet bzw. zugeordnet, in welchem das in den Kälteverbraucher bzw. den oder die Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird. Das so entspannte Kältemittel wird in den Verdampfern der Kältemittelverbraucher V1 bis V4 verdampft und kühlt so die entsprechenden Kühlmöbel und -räume des Normal- und des Tiefkühlkreislaufes.Each refrigeration consumer V1 to V4 is preceded or assigned an expansion valve a to d, in which the refrigerant flowing into the refrigeration consumer or the evaporator or the evaporator of the refrigeration consumer is expanded. The so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporators of the refrigerant consumers V1 to V4 and thus cools the corresponding refrigerated cabinets and rooms of the normal and the deep-freeze circuit.

Das in den Kälteverbrauchem V1 und V2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes verdampfte Kältemittel wird über eine Saugleitung 5 der Verdichtereinheit des Normalkühlkreislaufes zugeführt. Dieser ist - gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage - ein Saugsammelbehälter S2 vorgeschaltet. Im Regelfall ist die Verdichtereinheit des Normalkühlkreislaufes lediglich einstufig ausgebildet und weist mehrere, vorzugsweise drei parallel geschaltete Verdichter auf; der Übersichtlichkeit halber sind in der Figur lediglich zwei parallel geschaltete Verdichter C1 und C2 dargestellt. Diese saugen über die Leitungen 6 und 7 Kältemittel aus dem Saugsammelbehälter S2 an und fördern das verdichtete Kältemittel über die Druckleitung 8 zu einem Enthitzer E. Nach Durchlaufen des Enthitzers E wird das Kältemittel wieder über Leitung 9 dem bereits beschriebenen Kondensator bzw. Verflüssiger V zugeführt.The vaporized in the Kälteverbrauchem V1 and V2 of the normal refrigeration cycle refrigerant is supplied via a suction line 5 of the compressor unit of the normal refrigeration cycle. This is - upstream according to a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention - a Saugsammelbehälter S2. As a rule, the compressor unit of the normal cooling circuit is formed in one stage only and has a plurality, preferably three parallel compressors; For the sake of clarity, only two compressors C1 and C2 connected in parallel are shown in the figure. These suck in via the lines 6 and 7 refrigerant from the Saugsammelbehälter S2 and promote the compressed refrigerant via the pressure line 8 to a desuperizer E. After passing through the Enthitzers E, the refrigerant is again supplied via line 9 to the already described condenser or condenser V.

Der Übersichtlichkeit halber in der Figur 1 nicht dargestellt ist die erforderliche weitere Abkühlung bzw. Unterkühlung des Kältemittels in der Flüssigkeitsleitung 4, die beispielsweise im indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem in der Leitung 10 geförderten Kältemittel erfolgen kann.For the sake of clarity, FIG. 1 does not show the required further cooling or subcooling of the refrigerant in the liquid line 4, which can take place, for example, in indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant conveyed in the line 10.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn - gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage - die Vorrichtung zur Unterkühlung des Kältemittels in der Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes räumlich so nahe als möglich an den Kälteverbrauchem V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes angeordnet ist. Mittels dieser Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage kann der Leistungsverlust durch Wärmeaufnahme aus der Umgebung minimiert werden.It is advantageous if - according to a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention - the device for subcooling the refrigerant in the liquid line 4 of the freezing circuit is spatially as close as possible to the Kälteverbrauchem V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit arranged. By means of this embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention, the loss of power due to heat absorption from the environment can be minimized.

Das den Verbrauchern V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes über die Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 zugeführte Kältemittel wird über die Saugleitung 10 der Verdichtereinheit des Tiefkühlkreislaufes zugeführt. Wiederum kann - gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage - der Verdichtereinheit des Tiefkühlkreislaufes ein Niederdruck-Saugsammelbehälter S3 vorgeschaltet sein.The consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit via the liquid line 4 supplied refrigerant is supplied via the suction line 10 of the compressor unit of the freezing circuit. Again, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention, a low-pressure suction collecting container S3 can be connected upstream of the compressor unit of the deep-freeze circuit.

Die Verdichtereinheit des Tiefkühlkreislaufes ist vorzugsweise wenigstens zweistufig ausgebildet, wobei wiederum der Übersichtlichkeit halber jede Verdichterstufe durch zwei parallel geschaltete Verdichter C3 und C5 sowie C4 und C6 dargestellt ist. Die Verdichter C3 und C5 der ersten Verdichterstufe saugen über die Leitungen 11 und 12 gasförmiges Kältemittel aus dem Niederdruck-Saugsammelbehälter S3 an und fördern das auf einen Zwischendruck komprimierte Kältemittel über Leitung 13 in den Zwischendruck-Saugsammelbehälter S4. Aus diesem saugen die Verdichter C4 und C6 der zweiten Verdichterstufe über die Leitungen 14 und 15 Kältemittel an und fördern das komprimierte Kältemittel anschließend über die Druckleitung 16 ebenfalls vor den bereits erwähnten Enthitzer E in der Leitung 9.The compressor unit of the deep-freeze circuit is preferably formed in at least two stages, again for the sake of clarity, each compressor stage is represented by two parallel compressors C3 and C5 and C4 and C6. The compressors C3 and C5 of the first compressor stage suck via the lines 11 and 12 gaseous refrigerant from the low-pressure suction collecting container S3 and convey the compressed to an intermediate pressure refrigerant via line 13 into the intermediate pressure suction collecting container S4. For this purpose, the compressors C4 and C6 of the second compressor stage via the lines 14 and 15 refrigerant and then convey the compressed refrigerant via the pressure line 16 also before the already mentioned desuperheater E in the line. 9

Selbstverständlich kann - im Gegensatz zu der Darstellung in der Figur 1 - die Verdichtereinheit des Tiefkühlkreislaufes auch drei- oder mehrstufig ausgebildet sein; in diesem Falle könnten den einzelnen Verdichterstufen jeweils separate Saugsammelbehälter vorgeschaltet werden. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß selbstverständlich auch auf derartige Saugsammelbehälter verzichtet werden kann.Of course, in contrast to the representation in FIG. 1, the compressor unit of the freezing cycle can also be configured in three or more stages; In this case, the individual compressor stages could each be preceded by separate suction collecting containers. It should be noted that, of course, can be dispensed with such Saugsammelbehälter.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kälteanlage weist gegenüber den bekannten Lösungen einen geringeren Investitions- und Betriebskosten- sowie Installationsaufwand auf. Sie ermöglicht ferner - wie noch dargelegt werden wird - weitere konstruktive Ausgestal- - tungen und Verfahrensweisen, die mit den bisherigen Lösungen nicht oder nur schwer zu realisieren sind.The refrigeration system according to the invention has a lower investment and operating costs and installation costs compared to the known solutions. It also allows - as will be explained - further structural design - methods and procedures that are difficult or impossible to implement with the previous solutions.

Kälteanlage bzw. die in den Kälteverbrauchern angeordneten Verdampfer müssen in regelmäßigen Abständen abgetaut werden, da Verreifungen bzw. Vereisungen der Verdampfer zu einer Verringerung des Wirkungsgrades der Verdampfer führen.Refrigeration system or arranged in the refrigeration consumers evaporator must be defrosted at regular intervals, as Verreifungen or icing of the evaporator lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the evaporator.

Eine Möglichkeit der Abtauung ist die sog. Elektroabtauung. Bei dieser werden die Verdampfer mittels an und/oder in ihnen angeordneten Heizungen abgetaut. Diese Verfahrensweise führt jedoch zu einem unerwünschten Mehrverbrauch an elektrischer Energie.One possibility of defrosting is so-called electro-defrosting. In this, the evaporators are defrosted by means arranged on and / or in them heaters. These However, this procedure leads to an undesired increase in the consumption of electrical energy.

Als Alternative zu der beschriebenen Elektroabtauung bietet sich die sog. Druckgas-Abtauung an. Bei dieser werden zwischen dem Gasraum des dem Verflüssiger nachgeschalteten Sammelbehälters und jedem Verdampfer bzw. jeder Verdampfergruppe Druckgasleitungen verlegt und über diese gasförmiges Kältemittel, das eine Temperatur zwischen 35°C und 45°C aufweist, aus dem Sammelbehälter den Verdampfern bzw. Verdampfergruppen zugeführt. Der Installationsaufwand für diese Druckgas-Abtauung ist jedoch vergleichsweise hoch, da für jeden Verdampfer bzw. jede Verdampfergruppe eine separate Druckgasleitung vorgesehen werden muß.As an alternative to the described Elektroabtauung offers the so-called. Compressed gas defrosting. In this compressed gas lines are laid between the gas space of the condenser downstream of the condenser and each evaporator or each evaporator group and fed via this gaseous refrigerant having a temperature between 35 ° C and 45 ° C, from the sump to the evaporators or evaporator groups. However, the installation cost of this compressed gas defrost is relatively high, since a separate compressed gas line must be provided for each evaporator or each evaporator group.

Insbesondere bei Kühlmöbeln ist der erforderliche Arbeitsaufwand sehr hoch, da die notwendigen Ventilstationen im Regelfall auf der Unterseite der Kühlmöbei angeordnet werden müssen, und diese gerade im Servicefall nur schlecht zugänglich sind.Especially in the case of refrigeration units, the required workload is very high, since the necessary valve stations usually have to be arranged on the underside of the cooling equipment, and these are only poorly accessible in the case of servicing.

Verglichen mit der Elektroabtauung erfordert diese Druckgas-Abtauung hinsichtlich des Rohrleitungsnetzes einen Mehraufwand. Neben dem Vorteil einer Betriebskostensenkung ist der wesentliche Vorteil der Druckgas-Abtauung in der geringeren Wärmebelastung der Waren zu sehen. Der Warentemperatur während und unmittelbar nach der Abtauung kommt jedoch eine stetig größer werdende Bedeutung zu, so daß die Druckgas-Abtauung zukünftig die einzige Möglichkeit darstellen dürfte, den Anforderungen des Gesetzgebers im Hinblick auf das Erfordernis "Warentemperatur" Genüge zu leisten.Compared with the Elektroabtauung this compressed gas defrost requires in terms of the piping network extra effort. In addition to the advantage of operating cost reduction, the main advantage of compressed gas defrosting is seen in the lower heat load of the goods. The temperature of the goods during and immediately after defrosting, however, is becoming ever more important, so that in the future gas pressure defrosting may be the only way to satisfy the requirements of the legislator with regard to the requirement of "product temperature".

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage sind die Druckleitungen 8 und 16 von den Verdichtereinheiten C1/C2 und C3/C4/C5/C6 über eine Abtauleitung 30, die vorzugsweise z. B. mittels eines Ventiles e, absperrbar ausgebildet ist, mit der Saugleitung 10 der Verdichtereinheit C3/C4/C5/C6 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes verbunden.In the refrigeration system according to the invention, the pressure lines 8 and 16 of the compressor units C1 / C2 and C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 via a defrosting line 30, which preferably z. B. by means of a valve e, lockable, connected to the suction line 10 of the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the freezing circuit.

Während der Abtauphase wird nunmehr die Zufuhr von Kältemittel aus der Verdichtereinheit C1/C2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes zu dem Verflüssiger V unterbrochen, die Verdichtereinheit C3/C4/C5/C6 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes abgeschaltet und das erwärmte Kältemittel über die geöffnete Abtauleitung 30 der Saugleitung 10 und über diese den Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes zugeführt. Der Strömungsverlauf des Kältemittels während der Abtauphase ist durch die großen, umrahmten Pfeile dargestellt.During the defrosting phase, the supply of refrigerant from the compressor unit C1 / C2 of the normal refrigeration circuit to the condenser V is now interrupted, the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the freezing circuit turned off and the heated refrigerant via the open deflation line 30 of the suction line 10 and over this supplied to the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit. The flow course of the refrigerant during the defrosting phase is represented by the large, framed arrows.

Das durch die Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes bzw. deren Verdampfer strömende Kältemittel wird über die Leitungen 3 und 4 den Kälteverbrauchem V1 und V2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes zugeführt und anschließend über die Saugleitung 5 wieder zu der Verdichtereinheit C1/C2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes gefördert. Während der Abtauung arbeitet die Verdichtereinheit C1/C2 somit als Wärmepumpe. Sobald die Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes vollständig abgetaut sind, wird die Abtauleitung 30 durch Schließen des Ventiles e wieder geschlossen, die Verdichtereinheit C3/C4/C5/C6 des Tiefkühlkreises angeschaltet und auf den Kühlbetrieb umgestellt. Das Kältemittel strömt nunmehr wieder über die Druckleitungen 8 und 16 sowie die gemeinsame Druckleitung 9 von den Verdichtereinheiten C1/C2 und C3/C4/C5/C6 zu dem Verflüssiger V.The refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing cycle or the evaporator thereof is supplied via the lines 3 and 4 to the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 of the normal refrigeration cycle and then conveyed back to the compressor unit C1 / C2 of the normal refrigeration cycle via the suction line 5. During defrosting, the compressor unit C1 / C2 thus operates as a heat pump. As soon as the evaporators of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit are completely defrosted, the defrosting line 30 is closed again by closing the valve e, the compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 of the deep-freezing circuit is switched on and switched to the cooling mode. The refrigerant now flows again via the pressure lines 8 and 16 and the common pressure line 9 from the compressor units C1 / C2 and C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 to the condenser V.

Zu Beginn der Abtauphase ist es sinnvoll, wenn warmes Kältemittel aus dem Sammelbehälter S1 über die Flüssigkeitsleitungen 2 und 4 zu den Verdampfern der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes strömt. Die jeweils abzutauenden Verdampfer werden dadurch mit flüssigem Kältemittel angestaut, wodurch bereits eine Erwärmung der abzutauenden Verdampfer stattfindet. Sobald das mittels der Verdichtereinheit C1/C2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes über die Abtauleitung 30 den Verdampfern der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 zugeführte Kältemittel in die Verdampfer strömt, wird das zuvor darin angestaute Kältemittel verdrängt. Nach erfolgtem Druckausgleich zwischen dem Verflüssiger V bzw. dem Sammelbehälter S1 und den Druckleitungen wird dann nur mehr Kältemittel mittels der Verdichtereinheit C1/C2 über die Abtauleitung 30 und die Saugleitung 10 in die Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 gefördert.At the beginning of the defrosting phase, it is useful if warm refrigerant flows from the sump S1 via the liquid lines 2 and 4 to the evaporators of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the deep-freeze circuit. Each evaporator to be defrosted are thereby accumulated with liquid refrigerant, which already takes place heating of the evaporator to be defrosted. As soon as the refrigerant supplied via the defrosting line 30 to the evaporators of the refrigeration appliances V3 and V4 by means of the compressor unit C1 / C2 of the normal refrigeration cycle flows into the evaporator, the refrigerant previously accumulated therein is displaced. After pressure equalization between the condenser V and the sump S1 and the pressure lines then only more refrigerant is conveyed by means of the compressor unit C1 / C2 via the defrosting line 30 and the suction line 10 in the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4.

Da in unterschiedlichen Kühlmöbeln unterschiedlich große Verdampfer angeordnet sind und/oder die Verdampfer unterschiedliche Vereisungsgrade aufweisen, erreichen diese nicht zeitgleich die erforderliche Abtauendtemperatur von beispielsweise 15°C.Since differently sized evaporators are arranged in different refrigeration units and / or the evaporators have different degrees of icing, they do not simultaneously reach the required defrost end temperature of, for example, 15 ° C.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage ist daher dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einem der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes bzw. den Verdampfern dieser Kälteverbraucher ein direktgesteuertes Magnetventil, das zu dem entsprechenden Expansionsventil des Kälteverbrauchers parallel angeordnet ist, vorgeschaltet ist.A further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is therefore characterized in that at least one of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit or the evaporators of this refrigerated consumer a directly controlled Solenoid valve, which is arranged parallel to the corresponding expansion valve of the refrigeration consumer, is connected upstream.

Diese Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage sei im folgenden anhand der Figur 2, die den unmittelbaren Bereich des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Kälteverbrauchers V3 zeigt, näher erläutert; es ist dies der in der Figur 1 mit unterbrochener Linie umkreiste Bereich.This embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, which shows the immediate region of the cold consumer V3 shown in FIG. this is the area encircled by a broken line in FIG.

Sie zeigt den Verbraucher V3 bzw. dessen Verdampfer, die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 und Saugleitung 10 sowie das dem Verdampfer des Verbrauchers V3 zugeordnete Expansionsventil c, über das im Kühlbetrieb das Kältemittel in den Verdampfer eingespritzt wird. Im Kühlbetrieb strömt somit Kältemittel aus der Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 über die Leitung 40 zu dem Expansionsventil c und von diesem über die Leitung 42 in den Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V3.It shows the consumer V3 or its evaporator, the liquid line 4 and suction line 10 shown in FIG. 1, and the expansion valve c assigned to the evaporator of the consumer V3, via which the refrigerant is injected into the evaporator during cooling operation. In cooling mode, refrigerant thus flows from the liquid line 4 via the line 40 to the expansion valve c and from there via the line 42 into the evaporator of the refrigeration consumer V3.

Erfindungsgemäß ist nunmehr parallel zu dem Expansionsventil c in einer Bypass-Leitung 41 ein direktgesteuertes Magnetventil c' vorgesehen. Während des Abtauvorganges strömt das Kältemittel über die in der Figur 2 nicht dargestellte Abtauleitung 30 sowie die Saugleitung 10 in den Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V3 und anschliessend über die Leitungen 42 und 41 in die Flüssigkeitsleitung 4. Wird in einem der Verdampfer die voreingestellte Abtauendtemperatur erreicht - was beispielsweise mittels eines entsprechenden Abtaufühlers registriert werden kann -, wird das Magnetventil c' geschlossen.According to the invention, a direct-controlled solenoid valve c 'is now provided parallel to the expansion valve c in a bypass line 41. During the defrosting process, the refrigerant flows through the not shown in Figure 2 Abtauleitung 30 and the suction line 10 in the evaporator of Kälteverbrauchers V3 and then via lines 42 and 41 in the liquid line 4. Is in one of the evaporator reaches the preset defrost end temperature - what For example, can be registered by means of a corresponding defrost probe -, the solenoid valve c 'is closed.

Das direktgesteuerte Magnetventil c' wirkt bei stromloser Spule als Rückschlagventil mit einem Öffnungsdruck von ca. 1,5 bar, welcher ventilbedingt ist. Durch das Schließen eines Magnetventiles bei der entsprechenden Abtauendtemperatur wird Abtauleistung zu denjenigen Verdampfern verlagert, die die Abtauendtemperatur noch nicht erreicht haben. Einem bereits abgetauten Verdampfer wird also nicht unnötigerweise Kältemittel zugeführt, sondern nur mehr denjenigen Verdampfern, die noch nicht vollständig abgetaut sind. Diese erreichen somit in kürzerer Zeit die vorgegebene Abtauendtemperatur.The direct-operated solenoid valve c 'acts in the currentless coil as a check valve with an opening pressure of about 1.5 bar, which is due to the valve. Closing a solenoid valve at the appropriate defrost end temperature shifts defrosting power to those evaporators that have not yet reached defrost end temperature. An already defrosted evaporator is therefore not supplied unnecessarily refrigerant, but only more those evaporators that are not completely defrosted. These thus reach the specified defrost end temperature in a shorter time.

Sobald alle Verdampfer ihr Abtauende erreicht haben und somit deren Magnetventile geschlossen sind, baut sich zwischen den Verdampfern und der Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 eine Druckdifferenz auf. Sobald diese Druckdifferenz größer als 1,5 bar wird, werden die Magnetventile rückwärts durchströmt und die in den Verdampfern befindliche Kältemittelflüssigkeit wird in die Flüssigkeitsleitung 4 gedrückt.Once all the evaporators have reached their defrost end and thus their solenoid valves are closed, builds between the evaporator and the liquid line. 4 a pressure difference. As soon as this pressure difference becomes greater than 1.5 bar, the solenoid valves are flowed backwards and the liquid refrigerant contained in the evaporators is forced into the liquid line 4.

Nach Beendigung der Abtauphase werden die Verdampfer gleichzeitig über die Verdichter des Normal- und des Tiefkühlkreislaufes abgesaugt. Sobald der Verdampferdruck tiefer sinkt als es der Temperatur der T(hermostatisches)E(xpansions)V(entil)-Fühler entspricht, wird automatisch wieder Kältemittel in die Verdampfer eingespritzt. Die Abkühlung der Verdampfer des Tiefkühlkreislaufes erfolgt in etwa 5 Minuten. Hierzu steht neben der Leistung der Verdichter des Tiefkühlkreislaufes auch die Leistung der Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes zur Verfügung, da die Kühlstellen bzw. Kälteverbraucher des Normalkühlkreislaufes während der Abtauung der Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes auf Zwangskühlung geschaltete sind und dadurch Temperaturen unter dem Soll-Wert erreichen. Für den gesamten Tiefkühlbereich kann daher eine deutlich geringere Abtauzeit gegenüber der elektrischen Abtauung erreicht werden.After completion of the defrosting phase, the evaporators are simultaneously sucked off via the compressors of the normal and deep-freeze circuits. As soon as the evaporator pressure drops lower than the temperature of the T (hermostatic) E (xpansions) V (entil) sensor, refrigerant is automatically re-injected into the evaporator. The cooling of the evaporator of the deep-freeze cycle takes about 5 minutes. For this purpose, in addition to the power of the compressor of the deep-freeze circuit and the performance of the compressor of the normal refrigeration cycle available because the cold spots or cold consumers of the normal refrigeration cycle are switched to forced cooling during defrosting the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit and thereby temperatures below the target Achieve value. For the entire freezer area, therefore, a significantly lower defrost time compared to the electric defrost can be achieved.

Die Realisierung des beschriebenen Abtauverfahrens erfordert bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage im Vergleich zu einer Kälteanlage, bei der eine Elektroabtauung durchgeführt wird, keinen Mehraufwand an Rohrleitungen und Armaturen. Da zur Abtauung der Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V3 und V4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes keine Leistung zwangsweise eingeschaltet werden muß - wie dies beispielsweise im Falle einer Elektroabtauung der Fall ist -, ist in der Energiebilanz nur die Abkühlung nach der Abtauphase zu berücksichtigen. Die Abtauleistung für sich ist reiner Wärmepumpenbetrieb aus dem Normalkühl-Verbundsatz bzw. der Verdichtereinheit C1/C2.The implementation of the described defrosting requires in the refrigeration system according to the invention compared to a refrigeration system in which a Elektroabtauung is performed, no overhead on piping and fittings. Since defrosting the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V3 and V4 of the freezing circuit no power must be forced on - as is the case for example in the case of an electro defrost - is to be considered in the energy balance only the cooling after defrosting. The defrosting per se is pure heat pump operation from the normal cooling composite set or the compressor unit C1 / C2.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ist darin zu sehen, daß die Rohrisolierungen in schlecht belüfteten Bodenkanälen und/oder unter den Kühlmöbeln nicht mehr durchfeuchten, da sie zwangsweise alle 48 Stunden während des Abtauvorganges erwärmt werden.Another advantage is the fact that the pipe insulation in poorly ventilated floor ducts and / or not moisten under the refrigerators, since they are forcibly heated every 48 hours during the defrosting process.

Des weiteren ist die Ware einer geringeren Temperaturbelastung ausgesetzt, da nur mehr dreimal pro Woche - beispielsweise dienstags, donnerstags und samstags - abgetaut werden muß. Bei getrennten Kältemittelkreisläufen und einer Kaltgasabtauung ist dies nicht möglich, da nach 48 Stunden Kühlbetrieb im Tiefkühlkreislauf keine Abtauleistung für die erste Abtaugruppe zur Verfügung stünde.Furthermore, the goods are exposed to a lower temperature load, since only three times a week - for example on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays - must be defrosted. With separate refrigerant circuits and a cold gas defrost This is not possible because after 48 hours of cooling in the freezing circuit no defrosting for the first defrosting would be available.

Während der Nacht- bzw. Ladenschlußzeiten wird die Kälteanlage in einem sog. Energie-Sparbetrieb gefahren. Unter dem Begriff Energie-Sparbetrieb seien hierbei diejenigen Betriebsbedingungen zu verstehen, bei denen an den Kühlmöbeln die Nachtrollos herunter- bzw. darübergefahren, die Beleuchtungen ausgeschaltet sind, die Kühlraumtüren nicht mehr geöffnet werden und somit kein Warenfluß - also die Entnahme oder Hereingabe von Ware aus bzw. in die Kühlmöbel oder Kühlräume - stattfindet.During the night or shop closing times, the refrigeration system is operated in a so-called energy-saving mode. The term energy-saving operation in this case those operating conditions are to be understood in which at the cooling furniture down the night blinds or drove over, the lights are off, the refrigerator doors are no longer open and thus no flow of goods - ie the removal or cross of goods or in the refrigerated cabinets or cold rooms - takes place.

Der Kältebedarf ist während dieser Zeiten oftmals so gering, daß es in der Verdichtereinheit des Normalkühlkreislaufes zu einer sog. Pump-Down-Schaltung kommt. Unter dem Begriff "Pump-Down-Schaltung" ist das Absaugen der Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher zu verstehen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß zum einen Kühlstellen mit einem geringen Kältebedarf die Soll-Temperaturen nicht mehr erreichen und zum anderen die Schalthäufigkeit der Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes unnötig und unerwünscht hoch wird, da die erhöhte Schalthäufigkeit dieser Verdichter zu einer Verringerung deren Lebensdauer führt.The cooling demand is often so low during these times that it comes in the compressor unit of the normal cooling circuit to a so-called. Pump-down circuit. The term "pump-down circuit" is the suction of the evaporator of the refrigerated consumer to understand. This has the consequence that on the one hand cooling points with a low cooling demand, the setpoint temperatures no longer reach and on the other the switching frequency of the compressor of the normal cooling circuit is unnecessarily and undesirably high, since the increased switching frequency of these compressors leads to a reduction in their service life.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäße Kälteanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Tiefkühlkreislauf eine wenigstens zweistufige Verdichtereinheit C3/C4/C5/C6 aufweist und die Saugseite des Normalkühlkreislaufes mit der oder einer der Zwischendruckseiten des Tiefkühlkreislaufes in Wirkverbindung steht. Sofern den Verdichterstufen C1 und C2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes und zumindest einer Verdichterstufe C4 und C6 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes, wobei es sich nicht um die erste Verdichterstufe C3 und C5 handelt, Saugsammelbehälter S2 und S4 vorgeschaltet sind, stehen vorzugsweise diese miteinander in Wirkverbindung.A further advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is characterized in that the freezing circuit has an at least two-stage compressor unit C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 and the suction side of the normal refrigeration cycle with the or one of the intermediate pressure sides of the freezing circuit is in operative connection. If the compressor stages C1 and C2 of the normal cooling circuit and at least one compressor stage C4 and C6 of the deep-freeze circuit, which is not the first compressor stage C3 and C5, are preceded by suction collecting containers S2 and S4, these are preferably in operative connection with one another.

Diese Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage ermöglicht nunmehr weitere vorteilhafte Verfahrensweisen, wie sie mit den bekannten Kälteanlagen nicht oder nur mit einem entsprechenden Aufwand realisiert werden können.This embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention now allows further advantageous procedures, as they can not be realized with the known refrigeration systems or only with a corresponding effort.

Eine Wirkverbindung zwischen der Saugseite des Normalkühlkreislaufes und der oder einer der Zwischendruckseiten des Tiefkühlkreislaufes bzw. zwischen dem Saugsammelbehälter des Normalkühlkreislaufes und dem oder einem der Zwischendruck-Saugsammelbehälter des Tiefkühlkreislaufes kann gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage über wenigstens eine Verbindungsleitung 20 realisiert werden.An operative connection between the suction side of the normal cooling circuit and the or one of the intermediate pressure sides of the freezing circuit or between the suction collecting container the normal cooling circuit and the or one of the intermediate pressure suction collecting the Tiefkühlkreislaufes can be realized according to an advantageous embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention via at least one connecting line 20.

Denkbar ist - gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage -, daß die Funktion des Saugsammelbehälters des Normalkühlkreislaufes und des bzw. eines der Zwischendruck-Saugsammelbehälter des Tiefkühlkreislaufes in einem gemeinsamen Saugsammelbehälter realisiert wird. Diese Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage ist in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt.It is conceivable - according to an alternative embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention - that the function of the Saugsammelbehälters the normal refrigeration cycle and one or the intermediate pressure suction collecting the Tiefkühlkreislaufes is realized in a common Saugsammelbehälter. This embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is not shown in FIG.

Mittels dieser Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage ist es möglich, daß während des Nacht- und/oder Ladenschlußbetriebes die Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes ausgeschaltet werden.By means of this embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention, it is possible that during the night and / or shop closure operation, the compressor of the normal refrigeration cycle are turned off.

Da im Falle einer zweistufigen Verdichtereinheit in dem Tiefkühlkreislauf der Zwischendruck in Abhängigkeit der Verflüssigungstemperatur während des Energie-Sparbetriebs immer tiefer liegt als die Verdampfungstemperatur des Normalkühlkreislaufes, wird die erforderliche Schwachlast des Normalkühlbereiches durch die zweite Verdichterstufe - die sog. Hochdruck-Verdichterstufe - des Tiefkühlkreislaufes übernommen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sämtliche Kälteverbraucher des Normalkühlkreislaufes mit geringem Kältebedarf die notwendigen Soll-Temperaturen auch dann erreichen können, wenn alle Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes abgeschaltet sind. Auf ein Einschalten der Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes kann damit verzichtet werden; die Schalthäufigkeit der Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes verringert sich dadurch wesentlich, wodurch die Lebenserwartung dieser Verdichter steigt. Da während des Energie-Sparbetriebes die Arbeit der Verdichter des Normalkühlkreislaufes von den Verdichtern des Tiefkühlkreislaufes übernommen wird, verbessert sich deren Auslastung.Since, in the case of a two-stage compressor unit in the freezing circuit, the intermediate pressure is always lower than the evaporation temperature of the normal refrigeration cycle as a function of the liquefaction temperature during the energy saving operation, the required low load of the normal refrigeration range is taken over by the second compressor stage - the so-called high-pressure compressor stage of the freezing cycle , This has the consequence that all refrigeration consumers of the normal refrigeration cycle with low refrigeration demand can reach the required target temperatures even when all the compressors of the normal refrigeration cycle are switched off. On switching the compressor of the normal cooling circuit can be dispensed with; the switching frequency of the compressor of the normal cooling circuit is thereby significantly reduced, whereby the life expectancy of these compressors increases. Since the work of the compressor of the normal refrigeration cycle is taken over by the compressors of the deep-freeze cycle during energy-saving operation, their utilization improves.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine den Saugsammelbehälter S2 des Normalkühlkreislaufes und den Zwischendruck-Saugsammelbehälter S4 des Tiefkühlkreislaufes verbindende Ölausgleichsleitung 21 vorgesehen wird.A further embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the invention is characterized in that an oil compensation line 21 connecting the suction collecting container S2 of the normal refrigeration circuit and the intermediate pressure suction collecting container S4 of the freezing circuit is provided.

Über diese Ölausgleichsleitung 21 können die Ölstände der miteinander verbundenen Saugsammler S2 und S4 ausgeglichen werden. Der Aufwand für eine derartige Ölausgleichsleitung ist gering.About this oil equalization line 21, the oil levels of the interconnected Saugsammler S2 and S4 can be compensated. The cost of such an oil equalization line is low.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kälteanlage bietet somit eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen gegenüber den bekannten Kälteanlagen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Abtauung der Verdampfer sowie den Energie-Sparbetrieb. Sie ermöglicht dies bei einem verringerten Installationsaufwand und damit einhergehend niedrigeren Investitionskosten. Da sowohl der Energieverbrauch als auch der Wartungsaufwand verringert werden, erniedrigen sich zudem die Betriebskosten. Des weiteren ist mit dem beschriebenen Abtauverfahren ein Einhalten der zukünftigen gesetzlichen Vorgaben möglich.The refrigeration system according to the invention thus offers a plurality of advantages over the known refrigeration systems, in particular with regard to the defrosting of the evaporator and the energy-saving operation. It allows this with a reduced installation effort and thus lower investment costs. As both energy consumption and maintenance are reduced, operating costs also decrease. Furthermore, compliance with the future legal requirements is possible with the defrost method described.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß sich die Erfindung nicht nur bei einer Kälteanlage mit einer wenigstens zweistufigen Verdichtereinheit des Tiefkühlkreislaufes - wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt -, sondern auch mit einer einstufigen Verdichtereinheit realisieren ließe.It should be noted that the invention could be realized not only in a refrigeration system with an at least two-stage compressor unit of the freezing circuit - as shown in Figure 1 - but also with a single-stage compressor unit.

Claims (18)

  1. Refrigeration installation for cooling at least one refrigeration consumer unit by means of a normal refrigeration circuit and for cooling more than one refrigeration consumer unit by means of a freezing circuit, each of the circuits having a compressor unit, only one condenser being provided and the pressure lines from the condenser units converging in front of the condenser, and wherein the refrigeration consumer units of the freezing circuit are each connected, at connection points, to a common intake line (10) connected to the compressor unit (C3/C4/C5/C6) of the freezing circuit, characterised in that the pressure lines (8, 16) from the compressor units (C1/C2/C3/C4/C5/C6) are connected to the intake line (10) of the compressor unit (C3/C4/C5/C6) of the freezing circuit via a defrosting line (30) which is attached between the compressor unit (C3/C4/C5/C6) of the freezing circuit and the nearest connection point leading to a refrigeration consumer unit (V3).
  2. Refrigeration installation according to claim 1, characterised in that the defrosting line (30) is designed to be capable of being blocked off (e).
  3. Refrigeration installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that only one reservoir (S1) is connected downstream of the condenser (V).
  4. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that between the condenser (V) or the reservoir (S1) and the fluid lines (3, 4) of the normal and deep-freezing circuits only one fluid line (2) is provided.
  5. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the apparatus for cooling the refrigerant is arranged in the fluid line (4) of the freezing circuit, spatially as close as possible to the refrigeration consumer units (V3, V4) of the freezing circuit.
  6. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the refrigeration consumer units (V3, V4) of the freezing circuit, a directly controlled magnetic valve (c') is arranged parallel to the corresponding expansion valve (c) of the refrigeration consumer unit (V3, V4).
  7. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a desuperheater (E) is arranged upstream of the condenser (V).
  8. Refrigeration installation according to claim 7, characterised in that the pressure lines (8, 16) from the compressor units (C1/C2, C3/C4/C5/C6) converge in front of the desuperheater (E).
  9. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the freezing circuit has an at least two-stage compressor unit (C3/C4/C5/C6) and the intake side of the normal refrigeration circuit is operatively connected to the intermediate pressure side, or one of the intermediate pressure sides, of the freezing circuit.
  10. Refrigeration installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that intake reservoirs (S2, S4) are connected upstream of at least one compressor stage (C1/C2) of the normal refrigeration circuit and a compressor stage (C4/C6) of the freezing circuit, but not the first compressor stage (C3/C5), and these intake reservoirs (S2, S4) are operatively connected.
  11. Refrigeration installation according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the operative connection is provided by means of at least one connecting line (20).
  12. Refrigeration installation according to claim 11, characterised in that an oil equalising line (21) is provided, which connects the intake reservoir (S2) of the normal refrigeration circuit and the or one of the intermediate pressure intake reservoirs (S4) of the freezing circuit.
  13. Refrigeration installation according to claim 10, characterised in that the function of the intake reservoir (S2) of the normal refrigeration circuit and the intermediate pressure intake reservoir (S4) of the freezing circuit is implemented in an intake reservoir.
  14. Method of defrosting a refrigeration installation according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein heated refrigerant from the compressor unit (C1/C2) of the normal refrigeration circuit is fed through the defrosting line (30) to the intake line (10) of the compressor unit (C3/C4/C5/C6) of the freezing circuit and through this to the refrigeration consumer units (V3, V4) of the freezing circuit,
  15. Method according to claim 14, wherein during the defrosting process the supply of refrigerant from the compressor unit (C1, C2) of the normal refrigeration circuit to the condenser is stopped and the compressor unit (C3, C4, C5, C6) of the freezing circuit is switched off.
  16. Method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the refrigerant supplied to the refrigeration consumer units (V3, V4) of the freezing circuit is then fed to the refrigeration consumer units (V1, V2) of the normal refrigeration circuit and subsequently conveyed to the compressor unit (C1, C2) of the normal refrigeration circuit, the compressor unit (C1, C2) of the normal refrigeration circuit operating as a heat pump.
  17. Method according to one of claims 14 to 16, wherein a directly controlled magnetic valve (c') which is arranged parallel to the corresponding expansion valve of the refrigeration consumer unit is connected upstream of at least one of the refrigeration consumer units (V3, V4) of the freezing circuit or the evaporators of this minimum of one refrigeration consumer unit, and wherein during the defrosting process the refrigerant flows from the intake line (10) into the evaporator of the minimum of one refrigeration consumer unit (V3, V4) and through the open magnetic valve (c').
  18. Method according to claim 17, wherein the magnetic valve (c') is closed when a preselected final defrosting temperature is reached in the corresponding evaporator of the minimum of one refrigeration consumer unit (V3, V4).
EP00109558A 1999-05-05 2000-05-04 Refrigeration system Expired - Lifetime EP1050726B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19920726A DE19920726A1 (en) 1999-05-05 1999-05-05 Refrigeration system
DE19920726 1999-05-05

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EP1050726A2 EP1050726A2 (en) 2000-11-08
EP1050726A3 EP1050726A3 (en) 2002-08-14
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EP1050726A3 (en) 2002-08-14
EP1050726A2 (en) 2000-11-08
ATE352760T1 (en) 2007-02-15
PT1050726E (en) 2007-03-30
ES2278558T3 (en) 2007-08-16
DE50013996D1 (en) 2007-03-15
DE19920726A1 (en) 2000-11-09

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