EP1046209A1

EP1046209A1 - Power unit, electric current supply method, and integrated circuit

Info

Publication number: EP1046209A1
Application number: EP99944841A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Eiji Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. KAWAI; Makoto Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. FURUHASHI
Original assignee: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc
Current assignee: Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc
Priority date: 1998-09-28
Filing date: 1999-09-27
Publication date: 2000-10-25
Also published as: JP2002527016A; WO2000019577A1

Abstract

In order to make power consumption efficient and prolong a battery life even if constituted by a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operating voltage, a power unit according to the present invention includes a plurality of power source lines forming power lines (6a, 6b, 6c) that connect each of a memory (2), a CPU (3), and a peripheral circuit (4) to a battery in parallel, and diodes (7, 8, 9) which are electrical resistance elements that increase the electrical resistance of, among a plurality of power source lines, the power source input lines (6b, 6c) of the circuit blocks whose minimum operating voltage is low.

Description

DESCRIPTION

POWER UNIT, ELECTRIC CURRENT SUPPLY METHOD, AND INTEGRATED

CIRCUIT

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a power unit that supplies electric current to an integrated circuit consisting of a plurality of circuit blocks, an electric current supply method thereof, and an integrated circuit consisting of a plurality of circuit blocks.

Background of the Invention

Usually, an electronic device consists of a plurality of electronic circuits, according to its purpose. As one example of such an electronic circuit may be for example, a CPU system which controls various units of an electronic device.

Such an electronic device has a power source unit that supplies electric current and various electronic circuits which are driven by it. For example, among electronic devices are devices that are made small enough to be carried around, for example, portable terminals, and in such cases the electronic circuits are battery-driven by a primary-battery or a secondary-battery battery power source formed of a primary battery or a secondary battery.

The aforesaid CPU system, for example a microprocessor, that controls the units of an electronic device usually consists of a plurality of devices (circuit blocks), such as a

CPU, a memory, and peripheral circuits. In a CPU system, the minimum operating voltage of the devices generally differs slightly. Here the "minimum operating voltage" is the minimum voltage required for every device to operate. In a small battery-driven device such as a portable terminal, for reasons of mounting and cost, the power source voltage is either the unmodified output of the battery or a voltage output in which the output of the battery is boosted to a higher voltage, and in either case, the same system voltage is supplied to the entire system. That is, in the case of a CPU system, the CPU, a memory, or a peripheral circuit are considered as devices which receive their supply of electric current from a single power source. From this fact, the minimum operating voltage of an electronic device as a whole is set dependent on the minimum operating voltage of whichever of its various devices has the highest minimum operating voltage. In an electronic device in which the minimum operating voltage of the device as a whole is determined in this way, it becomes necessary to change the batteries, or charge the batteries, for the device, because it is a single device, even if other devices are still at a sufficient voltage level to allow operation. Thus, the problem is that the battery lifetime is determined, and the battery must be replaced or charged, according to the device whose minimum operating voltage is highest.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention, in consideration of the above aspects, to provide a power unit, an electric current supply method, and an integrated circuit that make it possible to consume power efficiently and extend the life of a battery, even if a devise is formed of a plurality of circuit blocks each of different minimum operating voltages.

The above and other objects of the present invention are attained by a power unit according to the present invention which in order to solve the above problems, supplies electric current to a plurality of circuit blocks each being substantially of different minimum operable voltage. The power unit includes a power source means that supplies an electric current; a plurality of power supply lines that connect in parallel each of said circuit blocks to said power source means, and electrical resistance means that increase an electrical resistance of at least, among the a plurality of power source lines, the power source lines of the circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low.

In the power source unit of the present invention having the above arrangement, the electrical resistance means increase the electrical resistance of at least, among the a plurality of power source lines that connect in parallel each of the circuit blocks to the power source means that supplies an electric current, the power source lines of the circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. This invention makes it possible to suppress the overall electric current by increasing the combined resistance of the circuit blocks as a whole and also suppresses the electric current consumption of all the power source lines, not just the power source lines on which there are interposed electrical resistance means.

An electric current supply method of this invention is a method of, in order to solve the above problems, supplying electric current to a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage, wherein each of said circuit blocks is connected in parallel via a plurality of power source lines to the power source means that supplies an electric current. An electric current is supplied with increase of the resistance, among these a plurality of power source lines, of at least the power source lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. As explained above, this method suppresses the electric current consumption similarly to the above aspect of the present invention.

The objects of this invention are also attained by an integrated circuit according to the present invention which, in order to solve the above problems, comprises a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage. There are externally provided a plurality of power source input lines that connect in parallel each circuit block to the power source means that supplies an electric current, and electrical resistance means that increase the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low.

In an integrated circuit of the present invention having such arrangement, the electrical resistance means increase the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. As explained above, this suppresses the electric current consumption even in the case of an integrated circuit similarly to the first aspect of the invention.

The integrated circuit of this invention in order to solve the above problems, may comprise a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage. There are internally provided a plurality of power source input lines that connect in parallel each circuit block to the power source means that supplies an electric current, and electrical resistance means that increase the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low.

Even in the integrated circuit having such a composition, electrical resistance means increase the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. As explained herein above, similarly to the first aspect of the invention, this suppresses the electric current consumption even if it is the integrated circuit which also integrates a power source input means and power source input lines in which this means is interposed.

Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a power unit of the present of invention; Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of another power unit used for comparison with the power unit of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the electric discharge characteristics of the above power unit of the above embodiment and the above another power unit; and Figure 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a microprocessor of this invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

What follows is a detailed description, using the drawings, of an embodiment of this invention. This embodiment is a microprocessor that consists of a plurality of circuit blocks.

As shown in Figure 1, a microprocessor has a circuit block (hereafter called a device) that consists of a memory 2, a CPU 3, and a peripheral circuit 4, which have different minimum operable voltages required for their operation. That is, in microprocessor 1, memory 2, CPU core 3, and peripheral circuit 4 are arranged in parallel between power supply terminals la, lb, and lc and grounding terminals Id, le, and If This microprocessor 1 is connected to a power unit which has a primary battery or a secondary battery serving as a power source means that supplies an electric current.

Although not shown in the figure, the battery impresses its voltage via a voltage impression terminal 5. Here the "minimum operable voltage" (hereafter called a minimum operating voltage) is the voltage that is taken to be the minimum necessary for the device to operate. For example, if the value of the output voltage of the battery is less than the minimum operating voltage, the normal operation of the device is no longer guaranteed. The power unit has a plurality of power source lines 6a, 6b, and 6c, which constitute power lines 6 that connect each of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 to the battery in parallel, and diodes 7, 8, and 9, which are electrical resistance means that increase electrical resistance of power source input lines 6b and 6c of the device, whose minimum operating voltage is low among these a plurality of power source lines 6a, 6b, and 6c.

Microprocessor 1 having such a composition is used for example, as a control means that controls an electronic device.

Next various parts that constitute this microprocessor 1 and power unit will be described in detail.

Memory 2 is a memory means into which data is written and from which it is read; for example, it consists of a flash memory, which is considered a nonvolatile memory. For example, data and programs to be used by CPU 3 are written into memory

2. This memory 2 is provided in microprocessor 1 between power supply terminal la, which receives power supplied from the power unit, and grounding terminal Id.

The minimum operating voltage of memory 2 is, for example, 2.4 V. Because internal boosted-voltage operation is required when data is written into it, the minimum operating voltage of memory 2 as a memory module requires a level of up to 2.4 V, and operation at less than this voltage is not guaranteed.

CPU core 3 is constituted as a control means that controls units including memory 2 and peripheral circuit 4. CPU 3 is provided in microprocessor 1 between power supply terminal lb which receives power supplied from the power unit and grounding terminal le.

The minimum operating voltage of CPU 3 is, for example, 2.0 V. In the manufacture of CPU core 3, it is fabricated, for example by a CMOS process.

Peripheral circuit 4 is, for example, an interface circuit that outputs a signal to and input a signal from an external device. The peripheral circuit 4 is provided in microprocessor 1 between power supply terminal lc, which receives power supplied from the power unit, and grounding terminal If The minimum operating voltage of this peripheral circuit 4 is, for example, 1.8 V. The peripheral circuit 4, though being manufactured by a CMOS process made according to the same design rules as CPU core 3, has a slower operating speed than CPU 3, so its operation is guaranteed even at a low voltage level down to 1.8 V. Memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 comprise, for example, a hardware block of microprocessor 1, which is a so-called one-chip microprocessor developed for battery-driven devices.

The battery that supplies power to microprocessor 1, which consists of memory 2, CPU core 3, and peripheral circuit 4, is for example a primary battery or a secondary battery, as stated above. A 3-V output is produced by such battery. The output voltage value of the battery gradually decreases due to consumption of power by memory 2, CPU core 3, and peripheral circuit 4.

Power source lines 6a, 6b, and 6c are conducting wires for supplying power from the battery. Specifically, power source line 6a is connected to power supply terminal la, which is the power input unit of memory 2, power source line 6b is connected to power supply terminal lb, which is the power input unit of CPU 3, and power source line 6c is connected to power supply terminal lc, which is the power input unit of peripheral circuit 4. By power source lines 6a, 6b, and 6c, the memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 are in a state of being connected in parallel to the battery. Diode 7 is inserted in power source line 6b, which is connected to CPU 3, and two diodes 8 and 9 are inserted in power source line 6c, which is connected to peripheral circuit 4. For example, the resistance values of diodes 7, 8, and 9 are set to the same value, yielding for example a voltage drop of 0.3 V (VF) on power source line 6b due to the insertion of diode 7, and a voltage drop of 0.6 V (VF X 2) on power source line 6c due to the insertion of diodes 8 and 9. Thus if the output voltage value from the battery is 3.0 V, the input voltage Vdd for memory 2 will be 3.0 V, the input voltage Vdd for CPU 3 will be 2.7 V, and the input voltage Vdd for peripheral circuit 4 will be 2.4 V. Microprocessor 1 and the power unit are constituted as described above. By having this composition, it is possible to raise the use efficiency of the capacity of the battery and extend the battery lifetime of the battery for use in an entire system, even if, as shown in this Figure 1, it is a microprocessor 1 and consists of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4, which all have a different minimum operating voltage.

That is, diodes that cause a voltage drop when electrified apparently increase the resistance of CPU 3 and peripheral circuit 4 as electrical resistance, with the result that the combined resistance is increased and the flow of an electrical cuπent is reduced, thereby suppressing the power consumption of the battery and extending the battery lifetime. In this case, the electrical current flowing through each device is also decreased, and the electrical current ratio between devices is inversely proportional to the value of the resistance of each device including the diodes.

Here we explain this, taking as a specific example a microprocessor 10 constituted in general as shown in Figure 2. This microprocessor 10 has the same devices as microprocessor 1 shown in the above Figure 1; that is, it has memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4. Also, microprocessor 10 shown in this example has only one power supply terminal lg as a terminal by which power is supplied from the battery. Unlike microprocessor 1 of Figure 1, microprocessor 10 has inside it power supply input lines 11a, l ib, and l ie that branch and supply input current from this power supply terminal lg to memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4, respectively. Specifically, power source input line 11a connects memory 2 to power supply terminal lg, power supply input line l ib connects CPU 3 to input terminal lg, and power input line l ie connects peripheral circuit 4 to input terminal lg.

Essentially, the microprocessor 10, like microprocessor 1, connects memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 to the battery in parallel. And unlike microprocessor 1, microprocessor 10 does not have any diodes as electrical resistance means in the preceding stage of inputs of CPU 3 and peripheral circuit 4. Thus if the output voltage from the battery is 3.0 N the impressed voltage Vdd on each of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 of this microprocessor 10 is 3.0 V.

With regard to the difference between the arrangements of Figure 1 and Figure 2, Figure 3 shows the voltage drop characteristics (electric discharge characteristics) of the battery due to the current consumption in microprocessor 1 and microprocessor 10. That is, the power source voltage for microprocessor 1 and microprocessor 10 is the 3.0 V that is impressed directly from the battery, and Figure 3 shows the change by which it naturally drops gradually together with the current consumption of each device. Figure 3, in which the vertical axis represents the battery voltage and the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time of the current consumption, shows the timewise change in normalized units. The actual electric discharge characteristics of the battery decline in a curved shape, but here, for convenient explanation, is it expressed as a straight line.

In either microprocessor, a common voltage is impressed on memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4, so due to the decline in battery voltage resulting from the current consumption of each device from 3.0 V, which is the battery's initial voltage, when each device's minimum operating voltage is reached, the operating limit of the microprocessor itself is reached, and in turn the battery lifetime for a device in which the microprocessor is a key component is finished.

Specifically, for microprocessor 10 shown in Figure 2, a common voltage is impressed on the constituent blocks of all of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4, and the electric discharge characteristics in this case exhibit the downward trend of electric discharge curve A +C+_P as shown in Figure 3. Here CPU core 3 can operate until point b (time 14), where the voltage reaches 2.0 V, and the peripheral circuit 4 can operate until point c (time 17), where the voltage reaches 1.8 V, but because in fact memory 2 reaches 2.4 V, which is its minimum operating voltage, at point a (time 8.5), the battery lifetime for microprocessor 10 is finished at this point a. But in microprocessor 1, as shown in Figure 1, the initial value of imposed voltage

Vdd on memory 2 is kept at 3.0 V, while the imposed voltage on CPU 3 is reduced, by the insertion of one diode, by V_F (= about 0.3 V) to 2.7 V, and the imposed voltage on peripheral circuit 4 is reduced, by the insertion of two diodes, by V_F x 2 (= about 0.6 V) to 2.4 V.

Regarding the voltage drop produced when current is allowed to flow through diodes 7, 8, and 9 with the connections made in this way, it is covered by diodes 7, 8, and 9, but the current flowing through memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4, respectively is less than what it would be if the power source voltage 3.0 V, which is the output voltage of the battery shown in Figure 2, were impressed. The current consumption of microprocessor 1 as a whole is the sum of the current consumption of each device, so in other words, the combined resistance of the devices, including the diodes, is increased and accordingly the overall current is reduced, and therefore the power consumption in memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 is less than that of the microprocessor 10 of Figure 2,. Thus the power consumption of the system as a whole is reduced in the microprocessor 1.

Describing this in terms of electric discharge, the drop rate in the electric discharge becomes gentler by the decrease in the current consumption as compared with the curve of electric discharge curve A_M+C+P of microprocessor 10, and in the case of memory 2, we see a declining trend that approaches the horizontal, as in electric discharge curve B . And with regard to the electric discharge drop rate of CPU 3 and peripheral circuit 4, the voltage is kept at all times lower than the Vdd of memory 2, lower by V_F or by V_F X 2, respectively, showing electric discharge curves B_c and Bp, which show a declining trend that is similar to electric discharge curve B_M of memory 2. The electric discharge curves BM, Be, and Bp of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 of microprocessor 1 can thus be obtained, and if we consider the time it takes to reach the minimum operating voltage, in microprocessor 1, memory 2 reaches its minimum operating voltage of 2.4 V at point d (time 12), CPU 3 reaches its minimum operating voltage of 2.0 V at point b (time 14), and peripheral circuit 4 reaches its minimum operating voltage of 1.8 at point f (time 12). The time it takes CPU 3 to reach its minimum operating voltage of 2.0 V is the same in both microprocessor 10 and microprocessor 1 (point b and point e agree at time 14), but this is just a coincidence.

Thus in microprocessor 1, at least memory 2 and peripheral circuit 4 can operate until time 12; that is, although the operating limit time with microprocessor 10 was point a (time 8.5), in microprocessor 1 this becomes point d (time 12), making possible an extension of battery life by time 12 - 8.5 = 3.5. Also, the operating limit time of memory 2, CPU 3, and peripheral circuit 4 of microprocessor 1 approach each other, that is, points df and point b draw near to each other, and thus it can be said that the devices, all of different voltage drops, reach the end of their useful lifetime at roughly the same time.

By giving the power unit such a composition, the efficiency with which the battery's capacity is used can be increased and the usable battery lifetime for the system as a whole can be prolonged, even if the microprocessor consists of devices that have different minimum operating voltages.

Applying the present invention makes it possible, with the very simple composition of just inserting diodes in series, to reduce the current consumption of a power unit and extend the battery life of the system as a whole. By selecting the diode V_F characteristics and the number of them to be inserted, one can design so that a plurality of circuit blocks of different minimum operating voltages approach their operating limit at approximately the same time, and can improve the efficiency with which the battery's capacity is used.

Also, the same effects as obtained with the above power source can be obtained by applying this invention and building diodes into microprocessor 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 4, microprocessor 20 is constructed so as to have basically the same internal composition as microprocessor 10 shown in Figure 2 above, and as a circuit module in which this invention is applied, diode 21 is inserted in power source input line l ib, and diodes 22 and 23 are inserted in power source input line l ie. In this way, microprocessor 20 itself is given a configuration that suppresses current consumption.

This invention is not limited to being applied only to microprocessors as integrated circuits; it may also be applied to, for example, circuit blocks integrated on a chip or, even if not, separate chips or discrete circuits.

In the foregoing explanation we described an example in which diodes are connected in parallel to a peripheral circuit and CPU that have a low minimum operating voltage, but the current can be reduced if, for example, a diode is connected to the peripheral circuit only or the CPU only. That is, for a circuit block whose minimum operating voltage is low, there are no particular restrictions on specifying on what power source lines or where in a power source input line to interpose the electrical resistance means, or specifying the power source line on which to interpose electrical resistance means or the number of power source input lines, as these matters are controlled by such factors as the power consumption characteristics of the circuit blocks (the slope of the characteristics shown in Figure 3) and the increase or decrease in the size of the combined resistance.

To be sure, the lower the minimum operating voltage is, the higher resistance of the electrical resistance means is interposed in order to even out the current that flows in each parallel circuit block in a plurality of power source lines on which electrical resistance means are interposed or on power source lines. But if evening out the current is taken as the problem, the solution is not limited to this. If the current is to be evened out, one can also expect protection against overcurrent in circuit blocks.

It is also possible to interpose diodes on all power source lines or power source input lines after branching, or to interpose diodes on power source lines before branching. This is effective for the reduction of the current and for evening out the current, but it leads to power loss. Therefore if, for example, microprocessors are connected in parallel with the same power source, it is effective as a means for reducing the combined resistance when connected in parallel with a microprocessor of low resistance.

The power unit of the present invention has a plurality of power source lines that connect in parallel each of the circuit blocks to the power source means that supplies electric current, an electrical resistance means that increases the electrical resistance of at least, among the a plurality of power source lines, those power source lines of the circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. Therefore, it becomes possible to increase by the electrical resistance means the overall electrical resistance of the circuit blocks connected in parallel to the power source means that supplies current, thereby suppressing the current consumption of the circuit block as a whole.

Thus even if the power unit consists of a plurality of circuit blocks of different minimum operating voltage, the current that flows in each circuit block is reduced so as to have gentle characteristics such as those of Bm, Be, and Bp in Figure 3, making it possible to effectively consume power and extend the battery life. Also, the electric current supply method of this invention suppresses the current consumption of the circuit blocks as a whole by supplying current while increasing the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source lines that connect in parallel their respective circuit blocks to the power source means that supplies electric current at least the power source lines of the circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low. Thus this electric current supply method allows consumption of power efficiently and extends the life of the battery even in a power unit that consists of a plurality of circuit blocks of different minimum operating voltage.

Also, the integrated circuit of this invention has, either inside or outside the integrated circuit, a plurality of power source input lines that connect in parallel each of the circuit blocks to the power source means that supplies electric current, a plurality of electrical resistance means that increase the electrical resistance of, among the a plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low, makes it possible to increase by electrical resistance means the overall electrical resistance of the circuit blocks connected in parallel to the power source means that supplies electric current, thereby suppressing the current consumption in the integrated circuit.

Thus a power unit that supplies electric current to this integrated circuit, even if it consists of a plurality of circuit blocks of different minimum operating voltage, has gentle power consumption characteristics as the current flowing through each circuit block decreases, and can extend the battery life.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A power unit that supplies an electric current to a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage, comprising: a power source means that supplies the electric current; a plurality of power supply lines that connect in parallel each of said circuit blocks to said power source means; and electrical resistance means that increases the electrical resistance of at least, among said a plurality of power source lines, the power source lines of the circuit blocks whose said minimum operable voltage is low.

2. A power unit as described in claim 1, wherein said electrical resistance means consists of resistance elements inserted in series with respect to said circuit blocks on said power source lines.

3. A power unit as described in claim 2, wherein said resistance elements are diodes.

4. A power unit as described in claim 1, wherein said power source means is either of a primary battery and a secondary battery.

5. An electric current supply method that supplies an electric current to a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage, comprising: connecting each of said circuit blocks in parallel via a plurality of power source lines to a power source means that supplies electric current; and supplying the electric current while increasing the resistance, among the a plurality of power source lines, of at least the power source lines of the circuit blocks whose said minimum operable voltage is low.

6. An integrated circuit having a plurality of circuit blocks being of different minimum operable voltage, comprising: a plurality of power source input lines that connect in parallel each of said circuit blocks to the power source means that supplies an electric current; and electrical resistance means that increase the electrical resistance of, among said plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low, wherein both of said plurality of power source input lines and said electrical resistance means are externally provided.

7. An integrated circuit as described in claim 6, wherein said electrical resistance means include resistance elements inserted in series with respect to said circuit blocks in said power source input lines.

8. An integrated circuit as described in claim 7, wherein said electrical resistance elements are diodes.

9. An integrated circuit as described in claim 6, wherein said power source means is either of a primary battery and a secondary battery.

10. An integrated circuit having a plurality of circuit blocks each being of different minimum operable voltage, comprising: a plurality of power source input lines that connect in parallel each said circuit block to the power source means that supplies an electric current; and electrical resistance means that increase an electrical resistance of, among said plurality of power source input lines, at least the power source input lines of the circuit blocks whose minimum operable voltage is low, wherein said plurality of power source input lines and said electrical resistance means are internally provided.

11. An integrated circuit as described in claim 10, wherein said electrical resistance means consist of resistance elements inserted in series with respect to said circuit blocks in said power source input lines.

12. An integrated circuit as described in claim 11, wherein said resistance elements are diodes.

13. An integrated circuit as described in claim 10, wherein said power source means is either of a primary battery and a secondary battery.