EP1032851B1 - Reflector with a resistant surface - Google Patents
Reflector with a resistant surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1032851B1 EP1032851B1 EP19980952485 EP98952485A EP1032851B1 EP 1032851 B1 EP1032851 B1 EP 1032851B1 EP 19980952485 EP19980952485 EP 19980952485 EP 98952485 A EP98952485 A EP 98952485A EP 1032851 B1 EP1032851 B1 EP 1032851B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- reflection
- reflector
- layers
- reflectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
- G02B5/0825—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only
- G02B5/0833—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only comprising inorganic materials only
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- G02B1/105—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a deformable reflector that is resistant to mechanical attacks high overall reflection, containing a reflector body made of a band-shaped metal valce product and on it, arranged one above the other, according to Preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to the use of such reflectors.
- the known methods have the further disadvantage that highly pure and expensive shiny alloys based on pure aluminum must be used.
- the anodic Oxide layer reduces the reflectance of the surface and thereby both the total reflection as well as the directed reflection by absorption and diffuse light scattering, in particular in the oxide layer. This means a loss of energy.
- Objects with surfaces made of aluminum have become known from EP-A-0 495 755, which are suitable for the deposition of layer systems from the gas phase these surfaces.
- Anodizing of the surfaces is dispensed with and becomes Layer system from, for example, an adhesive layer, such as a ceramic layer
- Light reflecting layer such as a metallic layer e.g. made of aluminum, and one or several transparent protective layers made of oxides, nitrides or fluorides, for example of magnesium, titanium or presodyme.
- Such layer systems have a high degree of reflection.
- such a layer system has Disadvantage that the surface is very sensitive to mechanical influences.
- EP-A-0 568 943 describes the deposition of a reflection layer on a base layer made of aluminum and an overlying gel film, which by a sol-gel process on which aluminum has been deposited.
- the reflection is through a Layer system consisting of the layers silicon dioxide, metal, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide reached. This is also a way to get to reflective aluminum materials.
- the layer structure described in EP-A 0 568 943 is against mechanical stress not resistant to the desired extent.
- WO 97/01775 describes curved reflectors with a reflector body made of glass and a base layer of silicon or silicon and stainless steel arranged thereon and a reflective metal layer arranged above, which is covered by a protective layer from e.g. Silicon nitrite is covered.
- EP-A-0 456 488 are reflectors with a base body and one above it arranged reflection layer and a subsequent arranged layer system of high and low refractive index layers, the reflective layer directly on the Substrate or is applied to a dielectric layer
- the layer system can with a Protective layer.
- US-A-5,527,562 describes a reflector with an aluminum body thereon arranged layers of the order anodic protective layer, silicon dioxide, metallic layer Aluminum, silicon dioxide and finally titanium dioxide.
- EP 0 495 755 A1 mentions aluminum objects containing a layer system, deposited from the base phase, it being possible to provide a protective layer of oxides.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and reflectors propose their reflective layer against external mechanical influences is insensitive and is characterized by a high wipe resistance.
- the protective layer is one of the transparent layers in the present invention within the reflection layer sequence.
- the minimum thickness of the protective layer is 3 nm.
- the thickness of the protective layer is 3 to 20 nm Description of the invention has the meaning of nanometers.
- All rolled products that have at least one free surface can be used as the reflector body made of a metal such as iron, steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy, exhibit, apply.
- This free Surface can be, for example, an aluminum with a purity of 98.3% and higher, occasionally also with a purity of, for example, 99.0% and higher, 99.7% and higher, 99.9% and higher or 99.95% and higher.
- the surface can also be an alloy. Preferred alloys are those of classes AA 1000, AA 3000 and AA 5000.
- Contain other preferred alloys for example 0.25 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight of magnesium or containing 0.2 to 2% by weight of manganese or containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of magnesium and 0.2 up to 2% by weight of manganese, in particular e.g.
- Particularly preferred free surfaces are, for example, aluminum with a purity of 99.5% and higher, 99.8% and higher, 99.85% or surfaces made of an aluminum alloy, containing 0.5% by weight of magnesium or containing 1% by weight of magnesium or containing aluminum with a purity of 99% and 5 to 10, in particular 7% by weight Magnesium and 6 to 12 and especially 8 wt .-% copper.
- Aluminum alloys that can be rolled.
- Examples of reflector bodies are rolled products, such as foils, tapes, plates, sheets, which may be bent, deep drawn, Cold extrusion and the like can be formed.
- the entire reflector body can made of the metal and preferably the said aluminum or aluminum alloy , but only partial areas or surface areas can consist of it.
- the rolled product from the metal mentioned and in particular the aluminum or the aluminum alloy can also represent part or partial surface of a composite, e.g. a film composite or Laminates of any material, such as made of plastics and metals, such as aluminum-coated Iron or steel sheet or Al-coated plastic.
- a composite e.g. a film composite or Laminates of any material, such as made of plastics and metals, such as aluminum-coated Iron or steel sheet or Al-coated plastic.
- Aluminum surfaces can, for example, by chemical and / or mechanical change of the surface by rolling generated and a post-treatment by grinding, polishing, Blasting with hard materials etc. can follow.
- Aluminum or aluminum-coated iron or aluminum sheets are preferred as the reflector body Steel sheet with a thickness of, for example, 0.2 to 0.8 mm, expediently 0.3 to 0.7 mm and preferably 0.4-0.5 mm.
- An example is an A4 aluminum sheet Al 99.5 (purity 99.5%) of the thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the aluminum surfaces can also use a chemical or electrochemical polishing process or undergo an alkaline pickling process. Such glossy or pickling processes are applied before anodizing.
- the aluminum surfaces can have a surface roughness R a of, for example, 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m and preferably of 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m. Further advantageous preferred roughnesses R a are from 0.01 to 0.4 ⁇ m and in particular from 0.03 to 0.06 ⁇ m, 0.04 ⁇ m being very particularly suitable.
- the surface roughness R a is defined in at least one of the DIN regulations 4761 to 4768.
- At least one pretreatment layer can be arranged.
- the pretreatment layer can be made primarily of iron Metal one generated by phosphating, chromating or by galvanizing Be a shift.
- the pretreatment layer can be made in the case of a reflector body Aluminum, for example, by chromating, phosphating or anodic Oxidation generated layer.
- the pretreatment layer is preferably made of anodic oxidized aluminum and in particular directly from the surface of the reflector body creates lying aluminum.
- the pretreatment layer can have a thickness of for example at least 10 nm, expediently 20 nm, particularly expediently at least 50 nm, preferably of at least 100 nm and particularly preferably of at least 150 nm exhibit.
- the greatest thickness of the pretreatment layer can be, for example, 1500 nm and preferably be 200 nm.
- the pretreatment layer thus preferably has a thickness from 100 nm to 200 nm.
- the pretreatment layer can be an anodically produced oxide layer was built up in a redissolving or non-redissolving electrolyte.
- the pretreatment layer can also be a yellow chromating layer, a green chromating layer, a Phosphate layer or a chromium-free pretreatment layer contained in an electrolyte at least one of the elements Ti, Zr, F, Mo or Mn has been grown.
- the functional coating a) is applied.
- the aluminum oxide layer formed by the anodic oxidation can be the functional one Form coating a).
- the functional coating a) advantageously has a thickness of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m from 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 10 ⁇ m and particularly preferably from 2 to 5 ⁇ m on.
- the functional aluminum oxide layer formed by the anodic oxidation Coating a) is, its thickness, as mentioned above, from 20 to 1500 nm.
- the functional coating a) can, for example, be a gel film made using a sol-gel process is applied.
- Other functional coatings a) are paints or Polymers and advantageously vacuum-resistant lacquers and polymers, polyester, epoxy, Polycarbonate, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.
- the silanes mentioned can be replaced by compounds instead of silicon Contain titanium, zircon or aluminum. This allows the hardness, density and refractive index the functional coating can be varied.
- the hardness of the functional coating can also be controlled using various silanes, for example by forming an inorganic network to control hardness and thermal Stability or by using an organic network to control the Elasticity.
- a functional coating, which is between the inorganic and organic Polymers can be classified, for example, via the sol-gel process through targeted hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxides, mainly of silicon and aluminum, Titans and zircons can be applied to the aluminum substrates.
- Silica esters can also incorporate organic groups, on the one hand for functionalization and on the other hand for the formation of defined organic polymer systems be used.
- the gel film can also be electrocoated based on the principle of cataphoretic deposition of an amine and organic modified ceramics are deposited.
- the functional coatings a), such as the silanes mentioned or the paints mentioned, can by immersion, brushing, rolling, spinning, spraying, so-called coil coating etc. applied to the reflector body directly or via a pretreatment layer become.
- the coating can be hardened.
- the hardening can be done by radiation, such as UV radiation, electron radiation or laser radiation and / or with increased Temperature.
- the temperature can be by convection or heat radiation, such as IR and / or UV radiation, or by a combination of convection and radiation, such as UV and / or IR radiation or by hot gas such as hot air.
- the Temperature measured at the layer under the functional coating, e.g. the metal, such as aluminum layer, for example, is greater than 110 ° C, suitably larger than 150 ° C and preferably between 150 ° C and 240 ° C.
- Temperatures for example, frequently at 230 to 240 ° C.
- the elevated temperature can, for example for 10 sec. to 120 min. act on the body.
- Convection heating can expediently by exposure to heated gases such as air, Nitrogen, noble gases or mixtures thereof.
- the functional coating a causes the surface to be leveled or smoothed. For example, values R a of less than 0.01 ⁇ m and preferably less than 0.02 ⁇ m are achieved.
- the surface roughness R a is defined in at least one of the DIN regulations 4761 to 4768.
- the functional coating a) can be a single layer i.e. a monolayer or also represent a multiple layer, such as a double layer, triple layer, etc.
- Triple layers etc. can all be made the same material or from different materials, each selected from those for functional coatings a) materials are used.
- the double coating, Triple coating, etc. can be created, for example, by applying a first layer, pre-harden or harden the first layer, apply the second Layer and harden the second layer. A pre-hardened first layer can be used at the same time harden with the second layer.
- the first and second layers can be cured or pre-cured and the curing can only affect the third layer or can with the third layer - so far required - the underlying layers are cured.
- pre-hardening for example, processes such as drying, pre-drying under the influence of heat or radiation or radiation or Includes heat treatments.
- the appropriate thickness of a double or. Triple layer is in the range from 1 to 20 ⁇ m given above, each applied individually Layer can have a thickness of 2 to 5 microns, for example.
- the reflection layer sequence b) contains a reflective layer, e.g. a layer made of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, chrome, nickel or alloys, for example containing predominantly at least one of the metals mentioned.
- the thickness of the reflective layer can be, for example, 10 to 200 nm (nanometers).
- the reflective layer usually comes directly or via an adhesive layer onto the functional coating a) to lie.
- the reflection layer sequence b) also contains several transparent layers.
- the transparent Layers are applied to the reflective layer.
- the optical thickness of each transparent layer with the formula ⁇ / 2 can be ⁇ Vary 40 nm.
- the protective layer which in turn is also transparent, is arranged. ⁇ corresponds to the intensity maximum of the wavelength of the reflected electromagnetic Radiation.
- the materials of the transparent layers consist of or contain, for example, oxides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, etc. of alkali metals, for example Li, Na, K, alkaline earth metals, for example Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, semimetals, for example Si, transition metals, for example Sc , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, lanthanoids, e.g. La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Dy, Yb, Lu etc.
- alkali metals for example Li, Na, K, alkaline earth metals, for example Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, semimetals, for example Si, transition metals, for example Sc , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, P
- SiO x where x has the meaning from 1.1 to 2.0 and preferably 1.8, Al 2 O 3 , MgF 2 , TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , Be oxide, ZnO, SnO 2 , indium tin oxide (ITO), CdS, CdTe and hafnium and zirconium oxides.
- x has the meaning from 1.1 to 2.0 and preferably 1.8, Al 2 O 3 , MgF 2 , TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , Be oxide, ZnO, SnO 2 , indium tin oxide (ITO), CdS, CdTe and hafnium and zirconium oxides.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the double layers each consisting of two layers with an optical thickness of ⁇ / 4 are advantageously composed of a low-refractive index layer of optical thickness ⁇ / 4 and a high-index layer of optical thickness ⁇ / 4.
- the double layers are particularly advantageous in each case from two layers, namely a first and a second layer with an optical thickness of ⁇ / 4 each and a low-refractive first layer with an optical thickness ⁇ / 4 made of SiO 2 or MgF 2 and a high-refractive second layer the optical thickness ⁇ / 4 made of Ti oxide or Ti, Pr oxide.
- a plurality of transparent layers of optical thickness ⁇ / 2 can be produced from two transparent layers with an optical thickness of ⁇ / 4 from materials with different refractive indices.
- the individual transparent layers with an optical thickness ⁇ / 4 are typically from 30 nm, preferably from 40 nm, to 200 nm thick.
- An example of a transparent layer with an optical thickness ⁇ / 2 consisting of two layers with an optical thickness ⁇ / 4 can include a low-refractive layer in the optical thickness ⁇ / 4 made of SiO 2 , MgF2 etc. and a high-refractive layer in the optical thickness ⁇ / 4 made of Ti oxide, Ti / Pr oxide, tantalum oxide, etc.
- Exemplary are reflection layer sequences made of a reflective layer, on top of that a transparent layer with an optical thickness ⁇ / 4 with a low refractive index and thereon a transparent layer with an optical thickness ⁇ / 4 with a high refractive index and a protective layer on the surface made of silicon oxide of the general formula SiO x , where x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or aluminum oxide, in a thickness of 3 nm or greater.
- An even higher reflection can be achieved according to the invention with several double layers 2 • ⁇ / 4, alternating with a lower and higher refractive index.
- the present invention accordingly includes reflectors containing the reflector body in some cases thereupon a pretreatment layer which is applied to the reflector body or is superficially formed from the reflector body itself, the functional is applied to it Coating and the reflective layer sequence applied to it.
- the reflection layer sequence in turn has the reflective layer, which is usually on the functional Layer.
- on the reflective layer several transparent layers of optical thickness ⁇ / 2 lie on top, which in turn are covered with the protective layer.
- the layer designated with the protective layer therefore always the free, mechanical influences on the outside of a reflector immediately exposed layer.
- All or individual layers of the reflection layer sequence b) can be, for example, by gas or vapor phase deposition in a vacuum (physical vapor deposition, PVD), by thermal evaporation, by electron beam evaporation, with and without ion support, by sputtering, in particular by magnetron sputtering, by plasma polymerization or by chemical Gas phase deposition (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) with and without plasma support on the reflector body, respectively. on a pretreatment layer located thereon.
- Other application methods are painting or immersion drawing processes of solutions produced in the sol-gel process with subsequent drying, flame pyrolytic processes or flame coating using SiO 2 . Two or more methods can also be combined.
- PVD layers can be supplemented with a flame coating with SiO 2 .
- the reflective layer resp. the reflection layer sequence can, for example, in one Process sequence are brought to the surface, which - in some cases the steps of degreasing and cleaning -, the introduction of the surface containing the surface to be coated Object in a vacuum system, for example cleaning by sputtering Discharge (glow discharge) etc., in the first stage the deposition of a light reflecting one and in particular metallic layer, and second stage the deposition of a transparent layer and possibly in third, fourth, etc. stages, the deposition a second, third, etc. transparent layer and the removal of the coated Contains object from the vacuum.
- a vacuum system for example cleaning by sputtering Discharge (glow discharge) etc.
- the reflective layer can also by an electrolytic or wet chemical process be generated.
- the transparent layers and in particular the protective layer can be in the form of gel films produced by a sol-gel process.
- the transparent layers, and in particular the protective layer can also be flame-pyrolytically generated. It is also possible to use different procedures for that to apply individual layers of a layer sequence.
- the pretreatment layer can, for example, the process for the anodic oxidation of aluminum be applied.
- the functional coating a e.g. a sol-gel layer
- the reflection layer sequence can b) deposited by vapor deposition, sputtering, etc., in each case in particular in a vacuum, etc. become.
- the reflection layer sequence b) on the reflector body is used in particular for reflection of electromagnetic radiation or energy in the form of waves and / or particles, expedient for reflection of the radiation, with wavelengths in the optical range and preferably of visible light, in particular with wavelengths between 400 to 750 nm.
- the reflectors according to the invention with surfaces which have a reflection layer sequence according to the invention wear have an excellent reflection, for example for electromagnetic Radiation and in particular electromagnetic radiation in the optical range, on.
- the optical range includes e.g. Infrared, the range of visible light, ultraviolet, etc.
- the preferred area of application is in the field of electromagnetic Radiation and thereby visible light.
- the reflectors according to the present invention are suitable, for example as reflectors, such as reflectors e.g. for radiation sources or optical Equipment.
- Such radiation sources are e.g. Lighting fixtures, such as VDU work lights, Primary lights, secondary lights, grid lights, light guide elements, light ceilings, Light deflection slats or heat radiators.
- the reflectors can e.g. also mirrors or inside mirrors of optical devices, lighting fixtures or heat radiators his.
- the reflection layer sequence b) on the reflection body leads in particular to reflectors, their coated surfaces give a total reflection, measured as a reflection value according to DIN 5036, from expedient 90% and higher, and in particular from 94% to 96% and have higher.
- the reflectors of the present invention have e.g. outstanding smudge resistance and also hardness.
- the smudge resistance can be determined according to DIN 58196.
- DIN 58196 is a sample with a felt-related according to the present standard DIN 58196 Stamp with a contact force of 4.5N (corresponding to approx. 450 g) over a wiping distance of 120 mm tested with 100 strokes within 74 seconds (1.3 Hz).
- the test cycle turns 20, Repeated 50 and 80 times and the samples were then evaluated in each case.
- the grade 1 means no damage to the surface
- 2 means traces of abrasion are recognizable when viewed in a light box
- 3 means traces of abrasion are recognizable when viewed with daylight
- 4 means strong signs of abrasion over the whole area
- 5 means very strong traces of abrasion are visible over the entire area.
- the reflectors for example in the form of foils, strips or sheets, can also be reshape, hardly any cracking is visible.
- the reflectors according to the invention have a good protective effect against mechanical degradation, such as mechanical damage, e.g. Scratch hardness, or abrasion and in particular a high wipe resistance. Mechanical Damage can occur, for example, when cleaning surfaces, i.e. the reflective layers, through dust, sand and the like, between the cleaning device and the surface is enclosed or by the cleaning device itself, such as a rag, wiper, brush etc.
- the present invention also includes the use of reflectors containing a counter mechanical attack resistant surface with high total reflection for reflection of radiation in the optical range, i.e. of daylight and artificial light, of heat radiation, of visible light, ultraviolet light etc. Use is of particular importance of reflectors for the reflection of visible light, in particular of day or Artificial light, including UV light.
- the reflectors according to the invention are, for example suitable as reflectors or light guiding elements in lighting and lighting technology, such as. as reflectors in VDU workstation lights, primary lights, secondary lights, Grid lights, light guide elements, light ceilings or as light deflection slats etc.
- Various test specimens made of aluminum or its alloys are partly pretreated by anodization, partly only degreased, and then coated with a varnish.
- a sequence of reflective layers is applied to the lacquer layer using a PVD process.
- the sequence of reflective layers consists successively of the reflective aluminum layer with a thickness of 50 nm and deposited thereon first a silicon oxide layer with an optical thickness of ⁇ / 4 and then a titanium oxide layer with an optical thickness of ⁇ / 4.
- the protective layer in the form of a 5 to 10 nm thick SiO 2 layer is applied as the outermost layer by a further PVD process.
- the protective layer is missing in the comparative examples.
- All samples are subjected to the wipe test according to DIN 58196 and the wipe resistance of the samples is assessed.
- the samples according to the invention are graded after 50 test cycles for 100 wiping strokes.
- the comparison samples drop in the smudge resistance in such a way that the number of test cycles is indicated, after which a poor rating of 3 or higher to a maximum of 5 is achieved.
- the test arrangement and the test values are recorded in the table below.
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- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Description
Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen gegen mechanische Angriffe resistenten umformbaren Reflektor mit hoher Gesamtreflexion, enthaltend einen Reflektorköper aus einem bandförmigen Valzprodukt aus Metall und darauf, übereinander angeordnet, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The present invention relates to a deformable reflector that is resistant to mechanical attacks high overall reflection, containing a reflector body made of a band-shaped metal valce product and on it, arranged one above the other, according to Preamble of claim 1.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiter die Verwendung solcher Reflektoren.The invention further relates to the use of such reflectors.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, Bänder in Glänzwerkstoffen, z.B. Reinstaluminium oder AlMg-Legierungen auf Basis von Aluminium mit einem Reinheitsgrad von 99,8 % und grösser, wie z.B. 99,9 %, und Walzoberflächen, die diffuse oder gerichtete Lichtreflexion erzeugen, je nach Anwendung, herzustellen. Es ist auch bekannt, zur Erhöhung der gerichteten Reflexion (Glanzgrad) die Oberflächen von solchen Bändern chemisch oder elektrolytisch zu glänzen und anschliessend durch anodische Oxidation eine Schutzschicht von z.B. 1,5 µm Schichtdicke zu erzeugen.It is well known to use strips in glossy materials, e.g. Pure aluminum or AlMg alloys based on aluminum with a purity of 99.8% and greater, such as. 99.9%, and rolling surfaces that produce diffuse or directional light reflection, depending on the application. It is also known to increase directional reflection (Gloss level) the surfaces of such tapes chemically or electrolytically shine and then a protective layer of e.g. 1.5 µm To generate layer thickness.
Die bekannten Verfahren haben den weiteren Nachteil, dass hochreine und teure Glänzlegierungen auf Basis von Reinstaluminium eingesetzt werden müssen. Durch die anodische Oxidschicht sinkt der Reflexionsgrad der Oberfläche und dabei sowohl die Gesamtreflexion wie auch die gerichtete Reflexion durch Absorption und diffuse Lichtstreuung, insbesondere in der Oxidschicht. Dies bedeutet einen Energieverlust.The known methods have the further disadvantage that highly pure and expensive shiny alloys based on pure aluminum must be used. By the anodic Oxide layer reduces the reflectance of the surface and thereby both the total reflection as well as the directed reflection by absorption and diffuse light scattering, in particular in the oxide layer. This means a loss of energy.
Aus der EP-A-0 495 755 sind Gegenstände mit Oberflächen aus Aluminium bekannt geworden, welche geeignet sind für die Abscheidung von Schichtsystemen aus der Gasphase auf diesen Oberflächen. Auf eine Anodisierung der Oberflächen wird verzichtet, und es wird ein Schichtsystem aus beispielsweise einer Haftschicht, wie einer Keramikschicht, einer Lichtreflexionsschicht, wie einer metallischen Schicht, z.B. aus Aluminium, und einer oder mehreren transparenten Schutzschichten aus beispielsweise den Oxiden, Nitriden oder Fluoriden des Magnesiums, des Titans oder des Praesodyms beschrieben. Solche Schichtsysteme weisen einen hohen Reflexionsgrad auf. Ein derartiges Schichtsystem hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass die Oberfläche sehr empfindlich auf mechanischen Einfluss ist.Objects with surfaces made of aluminum have become known from EP-A-0 495 755, which are suitable for the deposition of layer systems from the gas phase these surfaces. Anodizing of the surfaces is dispensed with and becomes Layer system from, for example, an adhesive layer, such as a ceramic layer Light reflecting layer such as a metallic layer e.g. made of aluminum, and one or several transparent protective layers made of oxides, nitrides or fluorides, for example of magnesium, titanium or presodyme. Such layer systems have a high degree of reflection. However, such a layer system has Disadvantage that the surface is very sensitive to mechanical influences.
Die EP-A-0 568 943 beschreibt die Abscheidung einer Reflexionsschicht auf einer Basisschicht aus Aluminium und einem darüberliegenden Gel-Film, welcher durch ein Sol-Gel-Verfahren auf dem Aluminium abgeschieden worden ist. Die Reflexion wird durch ein Schichtsystem aus den Schichten Siliciumdioxid, Metall, Siliciumdioxid und Titandioxid erreicht. Auch dies ist eine Möglichkeit, zu reflektierenden Aluminiummaterialien zu gelangen. Der in der EP-A 0 568 943 beschriebene Schichtaufbau ist gegen mechanische Beanspruchung nicht in gewünschtem Masse resistent.EP-A-0 568 943 describes the deposition of a reflection layer on a base layer made of aluminum and an overlying gel film, which by a sol-gel process on which aluminum has been deposited. The reflection is through a Layer system consisting of the layers silicon dioxide, metal, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide reached. This is also a way to get to reflective aluminum materials. The layer structure described in EP-A 0 568 943 is against mechanical stress not resistant to the desired extent.
Die WO 97/01775 beschreibt gebogene Reflektoren mit einem Reflektorkörper aus Glas und einer darauf angeordneten Grundschicht aus Silicium oder Silicium und Edelstahl sowie einer darüber angeordneten reflektierenden Metallschicht, welche durch eine Schutzschicht aus z.B. Silicium-Nitrit überdeckt ist.WO 97/01775 describes curved reflectors with a reflector body made of glass and a base layer of silicon or silicon and stainless steel arranged thereon and a reflective metal layer arranged above, which is covered by a protective layer from e.g. Silicon nitrite is covered.
Aus der EP-A-0 456 488 sind Reflektoren mit einem Grundkörper und einer über diesem angeordneten Reflexionsschicht sowie einem nachfolgenden angeordnetem Schichtsystem aus hoch- und niedrigbrechenden Schichten, wobei die reflektierende Schicht direkt auf das Substrat oder auf eine dielektrische Schicht aufgetragen ist Das Schichtsystem kann mit einer Schutzschicht überzogen sein.From EP-A-0 456 488 are reflectors with a base body and one above it arranged reflection layer and a subsequent arranged layer system of high and low refractive index layers, the reflective layer directly on the Substrate or is applied to a dielectric layer The layer system can with a Protective layer.
Die US-A-5,527,562 beschreibt einen Reflektor mit einem Körper aus Aluminium mit darauf angeordneten Schichten der Reihenfolge anodische Schutzschicht, Siliciumdioxid, metallische Schicht aus Aluminium, Siliciumdioxide und abschliessend Titandioxid.US-A-5,527,562 describes a reflector with an aluminum body thereon arranged layers of the order anodic protective layer, silicon dioxide, metallic layer Aluminum, silicon dioxide and finally titanium dioxide.
Die EP 0 495 755 A1 nennt Gegenstände aus Aluminium enthaltend ein Schichtsystem, abgeschieden aus der Basphase, wobei eine Schutzschicht aus Oxiden vorgesehen werden kann.EP 0 495 755 A1 mentions aluminum objects containing a layer system, deposited from the base phase, it being possible to provide a protective layer of oxides.
Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es, die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und Reflektoren vorzuschlagen, deren reflektierende Schicht gegen äussere mechanische Einwirkungen unempfindlich ist und die sich durch eine hohe Wischbeständigkeit auszeichnet.The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and reflectors propose their reflective layer against external mechanical influences is insensitive and is characterized by a high wipe resistance.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch Reflektoren gemäss dem Kennzeichnen den Teil von Anspruch 1 erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved by reflectors according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
Sinngemäss zählt in vorliegender Erfindung die Schutzschicht zu den transparenten Schichten innerhalb der Reflexionsschichtenfolge. Analogously, the protective layer is one of the transparent layers in the present invention within the reflection layer sequence.
In einer zweckmässigen Ausführungsform beträgt die minimale Dicke der Schutzschicht 3 nm. Es beträgt die Dicke der Schutzschicht 3 bis 20 nm. In vorliegender Erfindungsbeschreibung hat mn die Bedeutung von Nanometer. In an expedient embodiment, the minimum thickness of the protective layer is 3 nm. The thickness of the protective layer is 3 to 20 nm Description of the invention has the meaning of nanometers.
Als Reflektorkörper können alle Walzprodukte, die wenigstens eine freie Oberfläche aus einem Metall, wie Eisen, Stahl, Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung, aufweisen, zur Anwendung gelangen. Diese freie Oberfläche kann beispielsweise ein Aluminium mit einer Reinheit von 98,3 % und höher, fallweise auch mit einer Reinheit von beispielsweise 99,0 % und höher, 99,7 % und höher, 99,9 % und höher oder 99,95 % und höher sein. Neben Aluminium genannter Reinheiten kann die Oberfläche auch eine Legierung darstellen. Bevorzugte Legierungen sind diejenigen der Klassen AA 1000, AA 3000 und AA 5000. Weitere bevorzugte Legierungen enthalten beispielsweise 0,25 bis 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-% Magnesium oder enthaltend 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-% Mangan oder enthaltend 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% Magnesium und 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-% Mangan, insbesondere z.B. 1 Gew.-% Magnesium und 0,5 Gew.-% Mangan oder enthaltend 0,1 bis 12 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% Kupfer oder enthaltend 0,5 bis 6 Gew.-% Zink und 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% Magnesium oder enthaltend 0,5 bis 6 Gew.-% Zink, 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% Magnesium und 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% Kupfer oder enthaltend 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-% Eisen und 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-% Mangan, insbesondere z.B. 1,5 Gew.-% Eisen und 0,4 Gew.-% Mangan oder AlMgSi-Legierungen oder AlFeSi-Legierungen. Weitere Beispiele sind AlMgCu-Legierungen, wie Al99,85Mg0,8Cu oder AlMg-Legierungen, wie AlMg1.All rolled products that have at least one free surface can be used as the reflector body made of a metal such as iron, steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy, exhibit, apply. This free Surface can be, for example, an aluminum with a purity of 98.3% and higher, occasionally also with a purity of, for example, 99.0% and higher, 99.7% and higher, 99.9% and higher or 99.95% and higher. In addition to the purities mentioned in aluminum the surface can also be an alloy. Preferred alloys are those of classes AA 1000, AA 3000 and AA 5000. Contain other preferred alloys for example 0.25 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight of magnesium or containing 0.2 to 2% by weight of manganese or containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of magnesium and 0.2 up to 2% by weight of manganese, in particular e.g. 1% by weight of magnesium and 0.5% by weight of manganese or containing 0.1 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-% copper or containing 0.5 to 6% by weight zinc and 0.5 to 5% by weight magnesium or containing 0.5 to 6% by weight Zinc, 0.5 to 5% by weight of magnesium and 0.5 to 5% by weight of copper or containing 0.5 to 2 % Iron and 0.2 to 2% manganese, in particular e.g. 1.5% by weight iron and 0.4 % By weight of manganese or AlMgSi alloys or AlFeSi alloys. Further examples are AlMgCu alloys such as Al99.85Mg0.8Cu or AlMg alloys such as AlMg1.
Besonders bevorzugte freie Oberflächen sind beispielsweise aus Aluminium mit einer Reinheit von 99,5 % und höher, 99,8 % und höher, 99,85 % oder Oberflächen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, enthaltend 0,5 Gew.-% Magnesium oder enthaltend 1 Gew.-% Magnesium oder enthaltend Aluminium einer Reinheit von 99 % und 5 bis 10, insbesondere 7 Gew.-% Magnesium und 6 bis 12 und insbesondere 8 Gew.-% Kupfer. Besonders bevorzugt sind auch alle Aluminium-Legierungen, die walzbar sind.Particularly preferred free surfaces are, for example, aluminum with a purity of 99.5% and higher, 99.8% and higher, 99.85% or surfaces made of an aluminum alloy, containing 0.5% by weight of magnesium or containing 1% by weight of magnesium or containing aluminum with a purity of 99% and 5 to 10, in particular 7% by weight Magnesium and 6 to 12 and especially 8 wt .-% copper. Are particularly preferred also all aluminum alloys that can be rolled.
Beispiele von Reflektorkörpern sind Walzprodukte, wie Folien, Bänder, Platten, Bleche, die gegebenenfalls durch Biegen, Tiefziehen, Kaltfliesspressen und dergleichen umgeformt sein können. Je nach Einsatzzweck kann der ganze Reflektorkörper aus dem Metall und vorzugsweise dem genannten Aluminium oder der Aluminiumlegierung sein, es können aber auch nur Teilbereiche oder Oberflächenbereiche daraus bestehen.Examples of reflector bodies are rolled products, such as foils, tapes, plates, sheets, which may be bent, deep drawn, Cold extrusion and the like can be formed. Depending on the application, the entire reflector body can made of the metal and preferably the said aluminum or aluminum alloy , but only partial areas or surface areas can consist of it.
Das Walzprodukt aus dem genannten Metall und insbesondere das Aluminium oder die Aluminiumlegierung, kann auch Teil oder Teiloberfläche eines Verbundes darstellen, z.B. eines Folienverbundes oder Laminates beliebiger Werkstoffe, wie z.B. aus Kunststoffen und Metallen, wie Al-beschichtetes Eisen- oder Stahlblech oder Al-beschichteter Kunststoff. The rolled product from the metal mentioned and in particular the aluminum or the aluminum alloy can also represent part or partial surface of a composite, e.g. a film composite or Laminates of any material, such as made of plastics and metals, such as aluminum-coated Iron or steel sheet or Al-coated plastic.
Die Metall- resp. Aluminiumoberflächen können beispielsweise durch chemische und/oder mechanische Veränderung der Oberfläche durch Walzen erzeugt werden und eine Nachbehandlung durch Schleifen, Polieren, Strahlen mit Hartstoffen usw. kann sich anschliessen. Bevorzugt sind Walzoberflächen, die mit glatten oder strukturierten Walzen erzeugt werden.The metal resp. Aluminum surfaces can, for example, by chemical and / or mechanical change of the surface by rolling generated and a post-treatment by grinding, polishing, Blasting with hard materials etc. can follow. Preferred are rolling surfaces that with smooth or structured rollers.
Bevorzugt als Reflektorkörper sind Aluminiumbleche oder Al-beschichtetes Eisen- oder Stahlblech in einer Dicke von beispielsweise 0,2 bis 0,8 mm, zweckmässig 0,3 bis 0,7 mm und vorzugsweise 0,4 - 0,5 mm. Ein Beispiel ist ein A4-Aluminiumblech Al 99,5 (Reinheit 99,5%) der Dicke von 0,5 mm.Aluminum or aluminum-coated iron or aluminum sheets are preferred as the reflector body Steel sheet with a thickness of, for example, 0.2 to 0.8 mm, expediently 0.3 to 0.7 mm and preferably 0.4-0.5 mm. An example is an A4 aluminum sheet Al 99.5 (purity 99.5%) of the thickness of 0.5 mm.
Die Aluminiumoberflächen können auch einem chemischen oder elektrochemischen Glänzverfahren oder einem alkalischen Beizprozess unterzogen werden. Solche Glänz- oder Beizverfahren werden vor dem Anodisieren angewendet.The aluminum surfaces can also use a chemical or electrochemical polishing process or undergo an alkaline pickling process. Such glossy or pickling processes are applied before anodizing.
Die Aluminiumoberflächen können bei beliebiger Topographie eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit Ra von beispielsweise 0,01 bis 5 µm und bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 0,5 µm aufweisen. Weitere vorteilhafte bevorzugte Rauhigkeiten Ra sind von 0,01 bis 0,4 µm und insbesondere von 0,03 bis 0,06 µm, wobei 0,04 µm ganz besonders geeignet ist. Die Oberflächenrauhigkeit Ra ist definiert in wenigstens einer der DIN-Vorschriften 4761 bis 4768.With any topography, the aluminum surfaces can have a surface roughness R a of, for example, 0.01 to 5 μm and preferably of 0.01 to 0.5 μm. Further advantageous preferred roughnesses R a are from 0.01 to 0.4 μm and in particular from 0.03 to 0.06 μm, 0.04 μm being very particularly suitable. The surface roughness R a is defined in at least one of the DIN regulations 4761 to 4768.
Beim vorliegenden Reflektor können zwischen dem Reflektorkörper und der funktionellen Beschichtung a) wenigstens eine Vorbehandlungsschicht angeordnet sein.In the present reflector can between the reflector body and the functional Coating a) at least one pretreatment layer can be arranged.
Die Vorbehandlungsschicht kann im Falle eines Reflektorkörpers aus einem vorwiegend eisenhaltigen Metall eine durch Phosphatierung, Chromatierung oder durch Verzinken erzeugte Schicht sein. Die Vorbehandlungsschicht kann im Falle eines Reflektorkörpers aus Aluminium beispielsweise eine durch Chromatierung, Phosphatierung oder durch anodische Oxidation erzeugte Schicht sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Vorbehandlungsschicht aus anodisch oxidiertem Aluminium und wird insbesondere direkt aus dem an der Oberfläche des Reflektorkörpers liegenden Aluminium erzeugt. Die Vorbehandlungsschicht kann eine Dicke von beispielsweise wenigstens 10 nm, zweckmässig 20 nm, besonders zweckmässig wenigstens 50 nm, bevorzugt von wenigstens 100 nm und besonders bevorzugt von wenigstens 150 nm aufweisen. Die grösste Dicke der Vorbehandlungsschicht kann beispielsweise 1500 nm und bevorzugt 200 nm betragen. Somit weist die Vorbehandlungsschicht bevorzugt eine Dicke von 100 nm bis 200 nm auf. In the case of a reflector body, the pretreatment layer can be made primarily of iron Metal one generated by phosphating, chromating or by galvanizing Be a shift. The pretreatment layer can be made in the case of a reflector body Aluminum, for example, by chromating, phosphating or anodic Oxidation generated layer. The pretreatment layer is preferably made of anodic oxidized aluminum and in particular directly from the surface of the reflector body creates lying aluminum. The pretreatment layer can have a thickness of for example at least 10 nm, expediently 20 nm, particularly expediently at least 50 nm, preferably of at least 100 nm and particularly preferably of at least 150 nm exhibit. The greatest thickness of the pretreatment layer can be, for example, 1500 nm and preferably be 200 nm. The pretreatment layer thus preferably has a thickness from 100 nm to 200 nm.
Beispielsweise kann die Vorbehandlungschicht eine anodisch erzeugte Oxidschicht sein, die in einem rücklösenden oder nicht rücklösenden Elektrolyten aufgebaut wurde. Die Vorbehandlungschicht kann auch eine Gelbchromatierschicht, eine Grünchromatierschicht, eine Phosphatschicht oder eine chromfreie Vorbehandlungschicht, die in einem Elektrolyten, enthaltend wenigstens eines der Elemente Ti, Zr, F, Mo oder Mn, aufgewachsen ist, enthalten.For example, the pretreatment layer can be an anodically produced oxide layer was built up in a redissolving or non-redissolving electrolyte. The pretreatment layer can also be a yellow chromating layer, a green chromating layer, a Phosphate layer or a chromium-free pretreatment layer contained in an electrolyte at least one of the elements Ti, Zr, F, Mo or Mn has been grown.
Auf den Reflektorkörper direkt, oder -- falls vorhanden -- auf die Vorbehandlungsschicht, wird die funktionelle Beschichtung a) aufgebracht. Im Falle einer anodischen Oxidation kann die durch die anodische Oxidation gebildete Aluminiumoxidschicht die funktionelle Beschichtung a) bilden.Directly on the reflector body or - if available - on the pre-treatment layer, the functional coating a) is applied. In the case of anodic oxidation the aluminum oxide layer formed by the anodic oxidation can be the functional one Form coating a).
Beispielsweise weist die funktionelle Beschichtung a) eine Dicke von 0,5 bis 20 µm, zweckmässig von 1 bis 20 µm, bevorzugt von 2 bis 10 µm und besonders bevorzugt von 2 bis 5 µm auf. Stellt die durch die anodische Oxidation gebildete Aluminiumoxidschicht die funktionelle Beschichtung a) dar, ist deren Dicke, wie oben erwähnt, von 20 bis 1500 nm.For example, the functional coating a) advantageously has a thickness of 0.5 to 20 μm from 1 to 20 µm, preferably from 2 to 10 µm and particularly preferably from 2 to 5 µm on. The functional aluminum oxide layer formed by the anodic oxidation Coating a) is, its thickness, as mentioned above, from 20 to 1500 nm.
Die funktionelle Beschichtung a) kann beispielsweise ein Gel-Film, der nach einem Sol-Gel-Verfahren aufgetragen wird, sein. Weitere funktionelle Beschichtungen a) sind Lacke oder Polymere und dabei vorteilhaft vakuumbeständige Lacke und Polymere, Polyester, Epoxy, Polycarbonate, Acryl, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylfluorid, Polyvinylidenfluorid usw.The functional coating a) can, for example, be a gel film made using a sol-gel process is applied. Other functional coatings a) are paints or Polymers and advantageously vacuum-resistant lacquers and polymers, polyester, epoxy, Polycarbonate, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.
Der Gel-Film kann eine Beschichtung mit organofunktionellen Silanen einer Metallverbindung
sein und kann beispielsweise
Die genannten Silane können durch Verbindungen ersetzt werden, die anstelle des Siliciums Titan, Zirkon oder Aluminium enthalten. Damit kann die Härte, Dichte und Brechungsindex der funktionellen Beschichtung variiert werden. Die Härte der funktionellen Beschichtung kann ebenso durch die Verwendung verschiedener Silane gesteuert werden, beispielsweise durch Ausbildung eines anorganischen Netzwerkes zur Steuerung der Härte und thermischen Stabilität oder durch Verwendung eines organischen Netzwerkes zur Steuerung der Elastizität. Eine funktionelle Beschichtung, welche zwischen den anorganischen und organischen Polymeren eingeordnet werden kann, wird beispielsweise über den Sol-Gel-Prozess durch gezielte Hydrolyse und Kondensation von Alkoxiden, vorwiegend des Siliciums, Aluminiums, Titans und Zirkons auf den Aluminiumsubstraten aufgebracht werden. Durch den Prozess wird ein anorganisches Netzwerk aufgebaut und über entsprechend derivatisierte Kieselsäure-Ester können zusätzlich organische Gruppen eingebaut werden, die einerseits zur Funktionalisierung und andererseits zur Ausbildung definierter organischer Polymersysteme genutzt werden. Im weiteren kann der Gel-Film auch durch ElektroTauchlackierung nach dem Prinzip der kataphoretischen Abscheidung einer amin- und organisch modifizierten Keramik abgeschieden werden.The silanes mentioned can be replaced by compounds instead of silicon Contain titanium, zircon or aluminum. This allows the hardness, density and refractive index the functional coating can be varied. The hardness of the functional coating can also be controlled using various silanes, for example by forming an inorganic network to control hardness and thermal Stability or by using an organic network to control the Elasticity. A functional coating, which is between the inorganic and organic Polymers can be classified, for example, via the sol-gel process through targeted hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxides, mainly of silicon and aluminum, Titans and zircons can be applied to the aluminum substrates. By the Process an inorganic network is built up and appropriately derivatized Silica esters can also incorporate organic groups, on the one hand for functionalization and on the other hand for the formation of defined organic polymer systems be used. The gel film can also be electrocoated based on the principle of cataphoretic deposition of an amine and organic modified ceramics are deposited.
Die funktionellen Beschichtungen a), wie die genannten Silane oder die genannten Lacke, können durch Eintauchen, Aufpinseln, Aufwalzen, Schleudern, Spritzen, sogenanntes Coil-Coating usw. auf den Reflektorkörper direkt oder über eine Vorbehandlungsschicht aufgebracht werden.The functional coatings a), such as the silanes mentioned or the paints mentioned, can by immersion, brushing, rolling, spinning, spraying, so-called coil coating etc. applied to the reflector body directly or via a pretreatment layer become.
Nach dem Beschichten der anodisierten Oberfläche des Reflektorkörpers mit der funktionellen Beschichtung a) kann die Beschichtung gehärtet werden. Das Härten kann durch Strahlung, wie UV-Strahlung, Elektronenstrahlung oder Laserstrahlung und/oder bei erhöhter Temperatur erfolgen. Die Temperatur kann durch Konvektion oder Wärmestrahlung, wie IR- und/oder UV-Strahlung, oder durch eine Kombination von Konvektion und Strahlung, wie UV- und/oder IR-Strahlung oder durch Heissgas, wie heisser Luft, erhöht werden. Die Temperatur, gemessen an der unter der funktionellen Beschichtung liegenden Schicht, z.B. der Metall-, wie Aluminiumschicht, ist beispielsweise grösser als 110° C, zweckmässig grösser als 150° C und vorzugsweise zwischen 150° C und 240° C. Für Klarlacke liegen diese Temperaturen beipielsweise häufig bei 230 bis 240° C. Die erhöhte Temperatur kann beispielsweise während 10 sec. bis 120 min. auf den Körper einwirken. Die Konvektionserwärmung kann zweckmässig durch eine Beaufschlagung mit erwärmten Gasen, wie Luft, Stickstoff, Edelgase oder Gemischen daraus, erfolgen.After coating the anodized surface of the reflector body with the functional one Coating a) the coating can be hardened. The hardening can be done by radiation, such as UV radiation, electron radiation or laser radiation and / or with increased Temperature. The temperature can be by convection or heat radiation, such as IR and / or UV radiation, or by a combination of convection and radiation, such as UV and / or IR radiation or by hot gas such as hot air. The Temperature measured at the layer under the functional coating, e.g. the metal, such as aluminum layer, for example, is greater than 110 ° C, suitably larger than 150 ° C and preferably between 150 ° C and 240 ° C. For clear lacquers these are Temperatures, for example, frequently at 230 to 240 ° C. The elevated temperature can, for example for 10 sec. to 120 min. act on the body. Convection heating can expediently by exposure to heated gases such as air, Nitrogen, noble gases or mixtures thereof.
Die funktionelle Beschichtung a) bewirkt eine Einebnung oder Glättung der Oberfläche. Es werden beispielsweise Werte Ra von kleiner als 0,01 µm und bevorzugt von kleiner als 0,02 µm erzielt. Die Oberflächenrauhigkeit Ra ist definiert in wenigstens einer der DIN-Vorschriften 4761 bis 4768.The functional coating a) causes the surface to be leveled or smoothed. For example, values R a of less than 0.01 μm and preferably less than 0.02 μm are achieved. The surface roughness R a is defined in at least one of the DIN regulations 4761 to 4768.
Die funktionelle Beschichtung a) kann eine einzelne Schicht d.h. eine Monoschicht oder auch eine Mehrfachschicht, wie eine Doppelschicht, Dreifachschicht usw. darstellen. Die Mehrfachschichten, wie die Doppelschichten, resp. Dreifachschichten usw. können alle aus demselben Material oder aus unterschiedlichen Materialien, jeweils ausgewählt aus den zur funktionellen Beschichtungen a) genannten Materialien, angewendet werden. Die Doppelbeschichtung, Dreifachbeschichtung usw. kann erzeugt werden beispielsweise durch aufbringen einer ersten Schicht, vorhärten oder aushärten der ersten Schicht, aufbringen der zweiten Schicht und aushärten der zweiten Schicht. Eine nur vorgehärtete erste Schicht kann gleichzeitig mit der zweiten Schicht aushärten. Wird gegenbenfalls eine dritte Schicht aufgebracht, kann die erste und die zweite Schicht ausgehärtet oder vorgehärtet werden und die Aushärtung kann nur die dritte Schicht betreffen oder mit der dritten Schicht können - soweit noch erforderlich - die darunter liegenden Schichten ausgehärtet werden. Gleiches gilt sinngemäss für weitere, wie vierte usw. Schichten. Mit Vorhärten sind beispielsweise Verfahren, wie trocknen lassen, vortrocknen unter Wärme- oder Strahlungseinfluss oder Strahlungsoder Hitzebehandlungen umfasst. Die zweckmässige Dicke einer Doppel- resp. Dreifachschicht liegt im oben angegebenen Bereich von 1 bis 20 µm, wobei jede einzeln aufgetragene Schicht beipielsweise eine Dicke von 2 bis 5 µm aufweisen kann.The functional coating a) can be a single layer i.e. a monolayer or also represent a multiple layer, such as a double layer, triple layer, etc. The Multiple layers, such as the double layers, respectively. Triple layers etc. can all be made the same material or from different materials, each selected from those for functional coatings a) materials are used. The double coating, Triple coating, etc. can be created, for example, by applying a first layer, pre-harden or harden the first layer, apply the second Layer and harden the second layer. A pre-hardened first layer can be used at the same time harden with the second layer. If a third layer is applied, the first and second layers can be cured or pre-cured and the curing can only affect the third layer or can with the third layer - so far required - the underlying layers are cured. The same applies analogously for further, like fourth, etc. layers. With pre-hardening, for example, processes such as drying, pre-drying under the influence of heat or radiation or radiation or Includes heat treatments. The appropriate thickness of a double or. Triple layer is in the range from 1 to 20 µm given above, each applied individually Layer can have a thickness of 2 to 5 microns, for example.
Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) enthält eine reflektierende Schicht, wie z.B. eine Schicht aus Aluminium, Silber, Kupfer, Gold, Chrom, Nickel oder Legierungen, beispielsweise enthaltend überwiegend wenigstens eines der genannten Metalle. Die Dicke der Reflexionsschicht kann beispielsweise 10 bis 200 nm (Nanometer) betragen. Die reflektierende Schicht kommt in der Regel direkt, oder über eine Haftschicht, auf die funktionelle Beschichtung a) zu liegen.The reflection layer sequence b) contains a reflective layer, e.g. a layer made of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, chrome, nickel or alloys, for example containing predominantly at least one of the metals mentioned. The thickness of the reflective layer can be, for example, 10 to 200 nm (nanometers). The reflective layer usually comes directly or via an adhesive layer onto the functional coating a) to lie.
Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) enthält weiters mehrere transparente Schichten. Die transparenten Schichten sind auf der reflektierenden Schicht aufgebracht. Beispielsweise 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 oder 10 transparente Schichten - gezählt ohne die Schutzschicht - erfüllen vorteilhaft bezüglich der optischen Dicke für jede Schicht die Formel λ/2, wobei insbesondere jede dieser transparenten Schichten eine Doppelschicht aus jeweils 2 Schichten der Dicke λ/4 ist. Die optische Dicke jeder transparenten Schicht mit der Formel λ/2 kann um ± 40 nm variieren. Bevorzugt sind drei oder mehrere transparente Schichten, die aus gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Materialien sein können, wobei jede der transparenten Schichten eine optische Dicke von λ/2 ± 40 nm aufweist und insbesondere eine Doppelschicht der Dicke 2 • λ/4 ist. Auf die genannten transparenten Schichten, als oberste Schicht, resp. als die an der Oberfläche liegende Schicht, wird die Schutzschicht, die ihrerseits auch transparent ist, angeordnet. λ entspricht dem Intensitätsmaximum der Wellenlänge der reflektierten elektromagnetischen Strahlung.The reflection layer sequence b) also contains several transparent layers. The transparent Layers are applied to the reflective layer. For example 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 transparent layers - counted without the protective layer advantageous with respect to the optical thickness for each layer the formula λ / 2, in particular each of these transparent layers is a double layer of 2 layers each Thickness is λ / 4. The optical thickness of each transparent layer with the formula λ / 2 can be ± Vary 40 nm. Are preferred three or more transparent layers made of the same or different materials can be, each of the transparent layers having an optical thickness of λ / 2 ± Has 40 nm and in particular is a double layer with a thickness of 2 • λ / 4. To the above transparent layers, as the top layer, resp. than the one on the surface lying layer, the protective layer, which in turn is also transparent, is arranged. λ corresponds to the intensity maximum of the wavelength of the reflected electromagnetic Radiation.
Die Materialien der transparenten Schichten bestehen aus oder enthalten z.B. Oxide, Nitride, Fluoride, Sulfide usw. von Alkalimetallen, z.B. Li, Na, K, Erdalkalimetallen, z.B. Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Halbmetallen, wie z.B. Si, Übergangsmetallen, z.B. Sc, Ti, V, Cr,Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru,Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir ,Pt, Lanthanoiden, z.B. La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Dy, Yb, Lu usw. Es können namentlich genannt werden SiOx, wobei x die Bedeutung von 1,1 bis 2,0 und vorzugsweise 1,8 hat, Al2O3, MgF2, TiO2, B2O3, Be-Oxid, ZnO, SnO2, Indium-Zinn-Oxid (ITO), CdS, CdTe und Hafnium- und Zirkon-Oxide. Vorteilhaft weisen wenigstens eine der transparenten Schichten, mit Ausnahme der Schutzschicht, andere Materialien auf, als die Schutzschicht selbst.The materials of the transparent layers consist of or contain, for example, oxides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, etc. of alkali metals, for example Li, Na, K, alkaline earth metals, for example Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, semimetals, for example Si, transition metals, for example Sc , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, lanthanoids, e.g. La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Dy, Yb, Lu etc. It can be mentioned SiO x , where x has the meaning from 1.1 to 2.0 and preferably 1.8, Al 2 O 3 , MgF 2 , TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , Be oxide, ZnO, SnO 2 , indium tin oxide (ITO), CdS, CdTe and hafnium and zirconium oxides. At least one of the transparent layers, with the exception of the protective layer, advantageously has different materials than the protective layer itself.
Es können eine, mehrere oder alle transparenten Schichten der optischen Dicke λ/2 ± 40 nm Doppelschichten aus jeweils zwei Schichten in einer optischen Dicke von λ/4 sein. Die Doppelschichten aus jeweils zwei Schichten in einer optischen Dicke von λ/4 sind vorteilhaft aus einer niedrigbrechenden Schicht der optischen Dicke λ/4 und einer hochbrechenden Schicht der optischen Dicke λ/4. Die Doppelschichten sind besonders vorteilhaft aus jeweils zwei Schichten, nämlich einer ersten und einer zweiten Schicht in einer optischen Dicke von je λ/4 und dabei aus einer niedrigbrechenden ersten Schicht der optischen Dicke λ/4 aus SiO2 oder MgF2 und einer hochbrechenden zweiten Schicht der optischen Dicke λ/4 aus Ti-Oxid oder Ti,Pr-Oxid.There can be one, several or all transparent layers with an optical thickness of λ / 2 ± 40 nm, double layers each consisting of two layers with an optical thickness of λ / 4. The double layers each consisting of two layers with an optical thickness of λ / 4 are advantageously composed of a low-refractive index layer of optical thickness λ / 4 and a high-index layer of optical thickness λ / 4. The double layers are particularly advantageous in each case from two layers, namely a first and a second layer with an optical thickness of λ / 4 each and a low-refractive first layer with an optical thickness λ / 4 made of SiO 2 or MgF 2 and a high-refractive second layer the optical thickness λ / 4 made of Ti oxide or Ti, Pr oxide.
Demnach können zur Verstärkung des Reflexionsgrades als Folge partieller Lichtreflexion an der Phasengrenze mehrere transparente Schichten der optischen Dicke λ/2 aus zwei transparenten Schichten in einer optischen Dicke von λ/4 aus Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Brechungsindizes erzeugt sein. Die einzelnen transparenten Schichten in einer optischen Dicke λ/4 sind typischerweise von 30 nm, vorzugsweise von 40 nm, bis 200 nm dick. Ein Beispiel einer transparenten Schicht der optischen Dicke λ/2 aus zwei Schichten der optischen Dicke λ/4, kann eine niedrigbrechende Schicht in der optischen Dicke λ/4 aus SiO2, MgF2 usw. und eine hochbrechende Schicht in der optischen Dicke λ/4 aus Ti-Oxid, Ti/Pr-Oxid, Tantal-Oxid usw. enthalten.Accordingly, to increase the degree of reflection as a result of partial light reflection at the phase boundary, a plurality of transparent layers of optical thickness λ / 2 can be produced from two transparent layers with an optical thickness of λ / 4 from materials with different refractive indices. The individual transparent layers with an optical thickness λ / 4 are typically from 30 nm, preferably from 40 nm, to 200 nm thick. An example of a transparent layer with an optical thickness λ / 2 consisting of two layers with an optical thickness λ / 4 can include a low-refractive layer in the optical thickness λ / 4 made of SiO 2 , MgF2 etc. and a high-refractive layer in the optical thickness λ / 4 made of Ti oxide, Ti / Pr oxide, tantalum oxide, etc.
Beispielhaft sind Reflexionsschichtfolgen aus einer reflektierenden Schicht, darauf eine transparente Schicht in einer optischen Dicke λ/4 mit niedrigem Brechungsindex und darauf eine transparente Schicht in einer optischen Dicke λ/4 mit hohem Brechungsindex und eine Schutzschicht, die an der Oberfläche liegt, aus einem Siliciumoxid der allgemeinen Formel SiOx, wobei x eine Zahl von 1,1 bis 2,0 ist, oder Aluminiumoxid, in einer Dicke von 3 nm oder grösser. Eine noch höhere Reflexion kann mit mehreren Doppelschichten 2 • λ/4, alternierend mit niedrigerem und höherem Brechungsindex, erfindungsgemäss erreicht werden.Exemplary are reflection layer sequences made of a reflective layer, on top of that a transparent layer with an optical thickness λ / 4 with a low refractive index and thereon a transparent layer with an optical thickness λ / 4 with a high refractive index and a protective layer on the surface made of silicon oxide of the general formula SiO x , where x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or aluminum oxide, in a thickness of 3 nm or greater. An even higher reflection can be achieved according to the invention with several double layers 2 • λ / 4, alternating with a lower and higher refractive index.
Vorliegende Erfindung umfasst demnach Reflektoren, enthaltend den Reflektorkörper, fallweise darauf eine Vorbehandlungsschicht, die auf dem Reflektorkörper aufgebracht oder oberflächlich aus dem Reflektorkörper selbst gebildetet ist, darauf aufgebracht die funktionelle Beschichtung und darauf aufgebracht die Reflexionsschichtenfolge. Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge ihrerseits weist die reflektierende Schicht auf, die in der Regel auf der funktionellen Schicht aufliegt. In einer Ausführungsform können auf der reflektierenden Schicht mehrere transparente Schichten der optischen Dicke λ/2 aufliegen, die ihrerseits mit der Schutzschicht abgedeckt sind. Die mit Schutzschicht bezeichnete Schicht stellt demnach immer die an einem Reflektor aussenliegende, freie, mechanischen Einflüssen unmittelbar ausgesetzte Schicht dar.The present invention accordingly includes reflectors containing the reflector body in some cases thereupon a pretreatment layer which is applied to the reflector body or is superficially formed from the reflector body itself, the functional is applied to it Coating and the reflective layer sequence applied to it. The reflection layer sequence in turn has the reflective layer, which is usually on the functional Layer. In one embodiment, on the reflective layer several transparent layers of optical thickness λ / 2 lie on top, which in turn are covered with the protective layer. The layer designated with the protective layer therefore always the free, mechanical influences on the outside of a reflector immediately exposed layer.
Alle oder einzelne Schichten der Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) können beispielsweise durch Gas- oder Dampfphasenabscheidung im Vakuum, (physical vapor deposition, PVD), durch thermische Verdampfung, durch Elektronenstrahlverdampfung, mit und ohne Ionenunterstützung, durch Sputtern, insbesondere durch Magnetronsputtering, durch Plasmapolymerisation oder durch chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) mit und ohne Plasmaunterstützung, auf den Reflektorkörper, resp. auf eine darauf befindliche Vorbehandlungsschicht, aufgebracht werden. Andere Auftragungsverfahren sind Lackier- oder Tauchziehverfahren von im Sol-Gel-Prozess hergestellten Lösungen mit anschliessender Trocknung, flammpyrolytische Verfahren oder Flammbeschichtung mittels SiO2. Es können auch zwei oder mehrere Verfahren kombiniert werden. Es können z.B. PVD-Schichten durch eine Flammbeschichtung mit SiO2 ergänzt werden.All or individual layers of the reflection layer sequence b) can be, for example, by gas or vapor phase deposition in a vacuum (physical vapor deposition, PVD), by thermal evaporation, by electron beam evaporation, with and without ion support, by sputtering, in particular by magnetron sputtering, by plasma polymerization or by chemical Gas phase deposition (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) with and without plasma support on the reflector body, respectively. on a pretreatment layer located thereon. Other application methods are painting or immersion drawing processes of solutions produced in the sol-gel process with subsequent drying, flame pyrolytic processes or flame coating using SiO 2 . Two or more methods can also be combined. For example, PVD layers can be supplemented with a flame coating with SiO 2 .
Die reflektierende Schicht resp. die Reflexionsschichtenfolge kann beispielsweise in einer Prozessfolge auf die Oberfläche gebracht werden, welche - fallweise die Schritte der Entfettung und Reinigung -, das Einschleusen des die zu beschichtende Oberfläche enthaltenden Gegenstandes in eine Vakuumanlage, das Reinigen beispielsweise durch Sputtern, durch Entladung (glow discharge) etc., in erster Stufe die Abscheidung einer lichtreflektierenden und insbesondere metallischen Schicht, und zweiter Stufe die Abscheidung einer transparenten Schicht und gegebenenfalls in dritter, vierter usw. Stufen, die Abscheidung einer zweiten, dritten usw. transparenten Schicht und des Ausschleusens des beschichteten Gegenstandes aus dem Vakuum enthält. The reflective layer resp. the reflection layer sequence can, for example, in one Process sequence are brought to the surface, which - in some cases the steps of degreasing and cleaning -, the introduction of the surface containing the surface to be coated Object in a vacuum system, for example cleaning by sputtering Discharge (glow discharge) etc., in the first stage the deposition of a light reflecting one and in particular metallic layer, and second stage the deposition of a transparent layer and possibly in third, fourth, etc. stages, the deposition a second, third, etc. transparent layer and the removal of the coated Contains object from the vacuum.
Die reflektierende Schicht kann auch nach einem elekrolytischen oder nasschemischem Verfahren erzeugt werden. Die transparenten Schichten und dabei insbesondere die Schutzschicht, können als Gel-Filme vorliegen, die durch ein Sol-Gel Verfahren erzeugt werden. Die transparenten Schichten und dabei insbesondere die Schutzschicht, können auch flammpyrolytisch erzeut werden. Es ist auch möglich, unterschiedliche Verfahren für die einzelnen Schichten einer Schichtenfolge anzuwenden.The reflective layer can also by an electrolytic or wet chemical process be generated. The transparent layers and in particular the protective layer, can be in the form of gel films produced by a sol-gel process. The transparent layers, and in particular the protective layer, can also be flame-pyrolytically generated. It is also possible to use different procedures for that to apply individual layers of a layer sequence.
Beispielsweise bei Walzprodukten, wie Folien, Bändern oder Blechen, oder bei Laminaten mit einer Aluminiumschicht, werden einzelne oder vorzugsweise alle Beschichtungen in kontinuierlichen Verfahren, in der Regel sogenannten Band- oder Durchlaufverfahren, auch coil-coating genannt, aufgetragen, resp. abgeschieden. Für die Erzeugung der Vorbehandlungsschicht können beispielsweise die Verfahren zur anodischen Oxidation von Aluminium angewendet werden. Auch die funktionelle Beschichtung a), z.B. eine Sol-Gel-Schicht, kann in kontinuierlichen Verfahren aufgetragen werden, wobei das Sol durch Tauchen, Spritzen etc. oder im sogenannten Coil-Coating auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche aufgetragen wird und durch anschliessende Strahlungs- und/oder Wärmebehandlung im Durchlaufofen getrocknet resp. gehärtet wird. Schliesslich kann die Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) durch Bedampfen, Sputtern etc., jeweils insbesondere im Vakuum, usw., abgeschieden werden.For example, in the case of rolled products, such as foils, strips or sheets, or in the case of laminates with an aluminum layer, individual or preferably all coatings in continuous processes, usually so-called belt or continuous processes, too called coil coating, applied, respectively. deposited. For the generation of the pretreatment layer can, for example, the process for the anodic oxidation of aluminum be applied. The functional coating a), e.g. a sol-gel layer, can be applied in continuous processes, the sol being dipped, Spraying etc. or in the so-called coil coating on the surface to be treated is applied and by subsequent radiation and / or heat treatment in the Continuous oven dried or is hardened. Finally, the reflection layer sequence can b) deposited by vapor deposition, sputtering, etc., in each case in particular in a vacuum, etc. become.
Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) auf dem Reflektorkörper, dient insbesondere zur Reflexion von elektromagnetischer Strahlung oder Energie in Form von Wellen und/oder Teilchen, zweckmässig zur Reflexion der Strahlung, mit Wellenlängen im optischen Bereich und vorzugsweise des sichtbaren Lichtes, insbesondere mit Wellenlängen zwischen 400 bis 750 nm.The reflection layer sequence b) on the reflector body is used in particular for reflection of electromagnetic radiation or energy in the form of waves and / or particles, expedient for reflection of the radiation, with wavelengths in the optical range and preferably of visible light, in particular with wavelengths between 400 to 750 nm.
Die erfindungsgemässen Reflektoren mit Oberflächen, die eine erfindungsgemässe Reflexionsschichtenfolge tragen, weisen eine hervorragende Reflexion, beispielsweise für elektromagnetische Strahlung und insbesondere elektromagnetische Strahlung im optischen Bereich, auf. Der optische Bereich umfasst z.B. Infrarot, den Bereich des sichtbaren Lichtes, des Ultravioletts usw. Bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet ist der Bereich der elektromagnetischen Strahlung und dabei des sichtbaren Lichtes.The reflectors according to the invention with surfaces which have a reflection layer sequence according to the invention wear, have an excellent reflection, for example for electromagnetic Radiation and in particular electromagnetic radiation in the optical range, on. The optical range includes e.g. Infrared, the range of visible light, ultraviolet, etc. The preferred area of application is in the field of electromagnetic Radiation and thereby visible light.
Die Reflexion der Strahlung kann je nach Oberfläche gerichtet, gestreut oder eine Kombination davon sein. Demgemäss eignen sich die Reflektoren nach vorliegender Erfindung beispielsweise als Reflektoren, wie Reflektoren z.B. für Strahlungsquellen oder optische Geräte. Solche Strahlungsquellen sind z.B. Beleuchtungskörper, wie Bildschirmarbeitsplatz-Leuchten, Primärleuchten, Sekundärleuchten, Rasterleuchten, Lichtleitelemente, Lichtdecken, Lichtumlenklamellen oder Wärmestrahler. Die Reflektoren können z.B. auch Spiegel oder Innenspiegel von optischen Geräten, Beleuchtungskörpern oder Wärmestrahlern sein.The reflection of the radiation can be directed, scattered or a combination depending on the surface be of it. Accordingly, the reflectors according to the present invention are suitable, for example as reflectors, such as reflectors e.g. for radiation sources or optical Equipment. Such radiation sources are e.g. Lighting fixtures, such as VDU work lights, Primary lights, secondary lights, grid lights, light guide elements, light ceilings, Light deflection slats or heat radiators. The reflectors can e.g. also mirrors or inside mirrors of optical devices, lighting fixtures or heat radiators his.
Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge b) auf dem Reflektionskörper führt insbesondere zu Reflektoren, deren beschichtete Oberflächen eine Gesamtreflexion, gemessen als Reflexionswert nach DIN 5036, von zweckmässig 90% und höher, und insbesondere von 94% bis 96% und höher aufweisen.The reflection layer sequence b) on the reflection body leads in particular to reflectors, their coated surfaces give a total reflection, measured as a reflection value according to DIN 5036, from expedient 90% and higher, and in particular from 94% to 96% and have higher.
Die Reflektoren nach vorliegender Erfindung weisen z.B. eine überragende Wischfestigkeit und auch Härte auf. Die Wischfestigkeit kann bestimmt werden nach DIN 58196. Zusammendfassend wird nach vorliegender Norm DIN 58196 eine Probe mit einem filzbezogenen Stempel mit der Auflagekraft von 4,5N (entsprechend ca. 450 g) über eine Wischstrecke von 120 mm mit 100 Hüben innerhalb 74 Sekunden (1,3 Hz) geprüft. Der Testzyklus wird 20, 50 und 80 mal wiederholt und die Proben danach jeweils bewertet. Auf einer Bewertungsskala von 1 bis 5 bedeutet die Note 1 keine Beschädigung der Oberfläche, 2 bedeutet Abriebspuren sind erkennbar bei spezieller Betrachtung im Lichtkasten, 3 bedeutet Abriebspuren sind erkennbar bei Betrachtung mit Tageslicht, 4 bedeutet starke Abriebspuren über die ganze Fläche und 5 bedeutet sehr starke Abriebspuren über die ganze Fläche sind sichtbar. Die Reflektoren, beispielsweise in Form von Folien, Bändern oder Blechen, lassen sich auch umformen, wobei kaum Rissbildung sichtbar wird. Die Reflektoren nach der Erfindung weisen eine gute Schutzwirkung gegen mechanischen Abbau, wie mechanische Beschädigung, z.B. Ritzhärte, oder Abrieb und dabei insbesondere eine hohe Wischbeständigkeit auf. Mechanische Beschädigungen können beispielsweise bei der Reinigung von Oberflächen, d.h. den reflektierenden Schichten, durch Staub, Sand und dergleichen, der zwischen dem Reinigungsgerät und der Oberfläche eingeschlossen ist oder durch das Reinigungsgerät selbst, wie einen Lappen, Wischer, Bürste etc., erfolgen.The reflectors of the present invention have e.g. outstanding smudge resistance and also hardness. The smudge resistance can be determined according to DIN 58196. In summary is a sample with a felt-related according to the present standard DIN 58196 Stamp with a contact force of 4.5N (corresponding to approx. 450 g) over a wiping distance of 120 mm tested with 100 strokes within 74 seconds (1.3 Hz). The test cycle turns 20, Repeated 50 and 80 times and the samples were then evaluated in each case. On an evaluation scale from 1 to 5 the grade 1 means no damage to the surface, 2 means traces of abrasion are recognizable when viewed in a light box, 3 means traces of abrasion are recognizable when viewed with daylight, 4 means strong signs of abrasion over the whole area and 5 means very strong traces of abrasion are visible over the entire area. The reflectors, for example in the form of foils, strips or sheets, can also be reshape, hardly any cracking is visible. The reflectors according to the invention have a good protective effect against mechanical degradation, such as mechanical damage, e.g. Scratch hardness, or abrasion and in particular a high wipe resistance. mechanical Damage can occur, for example, when cleaning surfaces, i.e. the reflective layers, through dust, sand and the like, between the cleaning device and the surface is enclosed or by the cleaning device itself, such as a rag, wiper, brush etc.
Vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch die Verwendung von Reflektoren enthaltend eine gegen mechanische Angriffe resistente Oberfläche mit hoher Gesamtreflexion zur Reflexion von Strahlungen im optischen Bereich, d.h. von Tages- und Kunstlicht, von Wärmestrahlung, von sichtbarem Licht, Ultraviolettlicht etc. Besondere Bedeutung hat die Verwendung der Reflektoren für die Reflexion von sichtbarem Licht, insbesondere von Tages- oder Kunstlicht, einschliesslich UV-Licht. Die erfindungsgemässsen Reflektoren sind beispielsweise geeignet als Reflektoren oder Lichtleitelemente in der Licht- und Leuchtentechnik, wie z.B. als Reflektoren in Bildschirmarbeitsplatz-Leuchten, Primärleuchten, Sekundärleuchten, Rasterleuchten, Lichtleitelemente, Lichtdecken oder als Lichtumlenklamellen usw.The present invention also includes the use of reflectors containing a counter mechanical attack resistant surface with high total reflection for reflection of radiation in the optical range, i.e. of daylight and artificial light, of heat radiation, of visible light, ultraviolet light etc. Use is of particular importance of reflectors for the reflection of visible light, in particular of day or Artificial light, including UV light. The reflectors according to the invention are, for example suitable as reflectors or light guiding elements in lighting and lighting technology, such as. as reflectors in VDU workstation lights, primary lights, secondary lights, Grid lights, light guide elements, light ceilings or as light deflection slats etc.
Verschiedene Versuchsmuster aus Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen werden teilweise durch eine Anodisierung vorbehandelt, teilweise lediglich entfettet, und anschliessend mit einem Lack beschichtet. Auf die Lackschicht wird durch ein PVD-Verfahren eine Reflexionsschichtenfolge aufgebracht. Die Reflexionsschichtenfolge besteht nacheinander aus der reflektierenden Aluminiumschicht in einer Dicke von 50 nm und darauf abgeschieden zuerst einer Siliciumoxid-Schicht in einer optischen Dicke von λ/4 und danach einer TitanoxidSchicht in einer optischen Dicke von λ/4. Erfindungsgemäss wird die Schutzschicht in Form einer 5 bis 10 nm dicken SiO2-Schicht durch ein weiteres PVD-Verfahren als äusserste Schicht aufgebracht. Bei den Vergleichsbeispielen fehlt jeweils die Schutzschicht. Alle Muster werden dem Wischtest nach DIN 58196 unterworfen und es wird die Wischfestigkeit der Muster beurteilt. Die erfindungsgemässen Muster werden jeweils nach 50 Testzyklen zu 100 Wischhüben benotet. Die Vergleichsmuster fallen in der Wischfestigkeit derart ab, dass die Anzahl Testzyklen angegeben wird, nach denen eine schlechte Benotung von 3 oder höher bis maximal 5 erreicht wird. Die Versuchsanordnung und die Testwerte sind in nachfolgender Tabelle festgehalten.Various test specimens made of aluminum or its alloys are partly pretreated by anodization, partly only degreased, and then coated with a varnish. A sequence of reflective layers is applied to the lacquer layer using a PVD process. The sequence of reflective layers consists successively of the reflective aluminum layer with a thickness of 50 nm and deposited thereon first a silicon oxide layer with an optical thickness of λ / 4 and then a titanium oxide layer with an optical thickness of λ / 4. According to the invention, the protective layer in the form of a 5 to 10 nm thick SiO 2 layer is applied as the outermost layer by a further PVD process. The protective layer is missing in the comparative examples. All samples are subjected to the wipe test according to DIN 58196 and the wipe resistance of the samples is assessed. The samples according to the invention are graded after 50 test cycles for 100 wiping strokes. The comparison samples drop in the smudge resistance in such a way that the number of test cycles is indicated, after which a poor rating of 3 or higher to a maximum of 5 is achieved. The test arrangement and the test values are recorded in the table below.
Es ist aus der nachfolgenden Tabelle erkennbar, dass die Schutzschicht zu einer erheblichen
Verbesserung der Wischfestigkeit führt. Nach Testabbruch bei 50 Testzyklen zu jeweils 100
Hüben zeigen alle Testmuster nach der Erfindung eine noch unbeschädigte Oberfläche mit
der Benotung 1. Die Vergleichsmuster dagegen fallen bezüglich der Wischfestigkeit deutlich
ab und bereits nach weniger als 10, resp. 20 Testzyklen, werden die Muster derart
beschädigt, dass die Note 3 oder schlechter erreicht ist.
Claims (5)
- Reflector with high total reflection which can be reshaped and is resistant to mechanical attacks, containing a reflector body made from a band-like rolled product made from metal and thereon, arranged one above another,a) a functional coating of a gel film, lacquer or polymer of thickness from 0.5 to 20 µm or, in the case of a reflector body made from aluminium, also made from anodically oxidised aluminium, directly from the aluminium lying on the surface of the reflector body, in a thickness from 10 to 1,500 nm, andb) a reflection layer sequence containing a reflecting layer and several transparent layers made from several low-refractive layers and several highly refractive layers, characterised in that the reflection layer sequence contains a silicon oxide or aluminium oxide as a protective layer and the protective layer as the layer lying on the surface protects the layers lying underneath from mechanical damage, and wherein the reflection layer sequence is the silicon oxide of the general formula SiOx, wherein x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or contains the aluminium oxide of the formula Al2O3 in a thickness from 3 to 20 nm as the protective layer and the protective layer shows no damage to the surface in the wipe test according to DIN 58 196 after 50 test cycles with in each case 100 wiping strokes.
- Reflector according to claim 1, characterised in that the reflection layer sequence b) on the reflection body leads to a total reflection, measured as reflection value according to DIN 5036, of 90% and higher and in particular of 94% to 96% and higher.
- Reflector according to claim 1, characterised in that the protective layer is a gel film deposited in a sol-gel process or a thin film deposited from vacuum or by plasma or a film produced by flame pyrolysis.
- Use of the reflectors according to claim 1 as reflectors or light guide elements for artificial light and daylight.
- Use of the reflectors according to claim 4 in light and illuminating technology as reflectors in display workstation lighting, primary lighting, secondary lighting, raster lighting, light covers or as light-deflecting lamellae.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980952485 EP1032851B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970810881 EP0918236A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1997-11-19 | Reflector with resistant surface |
EP97810881 | 1997-11-19 | ||
EP19980952485 EP1032851B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
PCT/CH1998/000487 WO1999027394A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1032851A1 EP1032851A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
EP1032851B1 true EP1032851B1 (en) | 2004-02-18 |
Family
ID=8230475
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970810881 Withdrawn EP0918236A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1997-11-19 | Reflector with resistant surface |
EP19980952485 Expired - Lifetime EP1032851B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
EP19980952486 Expired - Lifetime EP1032852B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970810881 Withdrawn EP0918236A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1997-11-19 | Reflector with resistant surface |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980952486 Expired - Lifetime EP1032852B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-12 | Reflector with a resistant surface |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6310737B1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP0918236A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2001524685A (en) |
KR (2) | KR100487254B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1149409C (en) |
AU (2) | AU741899B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE59810809D1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2212359T3 (en) |
NO (2) | NO20002598L (en) |
WO (2) | WO1999027394A1 (en) |
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JP2002530803A (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-09-17 | アルカン・テクノロジー・アンド・マネージメント・リミテッド | Reflector with high resistance surface |
DE19909703A1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-07 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Optical yarn monitoring device |
US6382816B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-05-07 | General Eectric Company | Protected coating for energy efficient lamp |
DE20010594U1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2000-10-12 | Balzers Hochvakuum | Switch for optically switching a light path |
US6977731B1 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2005-12-20 | Novera Optics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing the resolving power of a tunable optical filter |
US6709119B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2004-03-23 | Alusuisse Technology & Management Ltd. | Resistant surface reflector |
SE520606C2 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-07-29 | Flir Systems Ab | Method for providing a mirror surface, as well as a mirror with such a mirror surface |
FR2845774B1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2005-01-07 | Glaverbel | HYDROPHILIC REFLECTING ARTICLE |
US6900002B1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-05-31 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Antireflective bi-layer hardmask including a densified amorphous carbon layer |
JP4907864B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2012-04-04 | 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 | Light reflecting member |
EP1791001A1 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-30 | Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. | Reflector |
US20080170308A1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Cover for shielding a portion of an arc lamp |
WO2009016563A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reflector and light output device |
EP2112022B2 (en) † | 2008-04-23 | 2014-12-10 | SMR Patents S.à.r.l. | Plastic glass mirror for vehicles |
CH700763A2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-15 | Alcan Tech & Man Ltd | Reflector. |
EP2536811B1 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2015-10-14 | Big Dutchman International GmbH | Gasification device and gasification method |
CN102333426A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-01-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Shell and manufacturing method thereof |
CN102540296A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 盛玉林 | Multi-layer reflective sheet |
DE202011004328U1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-06-25 | Big Dutchman International Gmbh | Manhole carburetor for operation in substoichiometric oxidation |
JP6340608B2 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2018-06-13 | 岡本硝子株式会社 | High durability silver mirror |
DE102015114094A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Alanod Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reflective composite material with painted aluminum support and with a silver reflection layer and method for its production |
WO2017158989A1 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 | Aluminum foil for ultraviolet light reflecting materials and method for producing same |
KR101742603B1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-06-01 | (주)네오빛 | Backlight unit having led for lcd |
US10919268B1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-02-16 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa | Coatings for multilayer insulation materials |
US11908677B1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-02-20 | Mb-Microtec Ag | Gaseous tritium light source |
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GB1507532A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1978-04-19 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Reflectors for infra-red radiation |
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-
1997
- 1997-11-19 EP EP19970810881 patent/EP0918236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-11-12 WO PCT/CH1998/000487 patent/WO1999027394A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-12 US US09/554,147 patent/US6310737B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-12 ES ES98952485T patent/ES2212359T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 KR KR10-2000-7005351A patent/KR100487254B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-12 CN CNB988131900A patent/CN1149409C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-12 US US09/554,165 patent/US6670045B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 CN CNB988131897A patent/CN1145811C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-12 JP JP2000522476A patent/JP2001524685A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-12 DE DE59810809T patent/DE59810809D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 WO PCT/CH1998/000488 patent/WO1999027395A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-12 KR KR10-2000-7005350A patent/KR100487252B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-12 DE DE59810810T patent/DE59810810D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 EP EP19980952485 patent/EP1032851B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 JP JP2000522477A patent/JP2001524686A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-12 AU AU10183/99A patent/AU741899B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-12 EP EP19980952486 patent/EP1032852B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 ES ES98952486T patent/ES2212360T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-12 AU AU10184/99A patent/AU740439B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 NO NO20002598A patent/NO20002598L/en unknown
- 2000-05-19 NO NO20002599A patent/NO20002599L/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0918236A1 (en) | 1999-05-26 |
DE59810809D1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
KR100487252B1 (en) | 2005-05-03 |
ES2212359T3 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
US6670045B1 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
AU1018499A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
JP2001524685A (en) | 2001-12-04 |
NO20002598D0 (en) | 2000-05-19 |
EP1032852B1 (en) | 2004-02-18 |
US6310737B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
KR20010032163A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
ES2212360T3 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
KR20010032164A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
EP1032852A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
AU1018399A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
KR100487254B1 (en) | 2005-05-03 |
NO20002598L (en) | 2000-07-07 |
NO20002599L (en) | 2000-07-07 |
CN1149409C (en) | 2004-05-12 |
AU740439B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
NO20002599D0 (en) | 2000-05-19 |
CN1286759A (en) | 2001-03-07 |
JP2001524686A (en) | 2001-12-04 |
EP1032851A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
DE59810810D1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
WO1999027395A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
AU741899B2 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
CN1145811C (en) | 2004-04-14 |
CN1286760A (en) | 2001-03-07 |
WO1999027394A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
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