EP1007951A1 - Apparatus for determining the content of a predetermined substance in a fluid - Google Patents
Apparatus for determining the content of a predetermined substance in a fluidInfo
- Publication number
- EP1007951A1 EP1007951A1 EP97905209A EP97905209A EP1007951A1 EP 1007951 A1 EP1007951 A1 EP 1007951A1 EP 97905209 A EP97905209 A EP 97905209A EP 97905209 A EP97905209 A EP 97905209A EP 1007951 A1 EP1007951 A1 EP 1007951A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- tube
- fluid
- indicator
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/98—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving alcohol, e.g. ethanol in breath
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
- G01N33/4972—Determining alcohol content
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
- Y10T436/203332—Hydroxyl containing
- Y10T436/204165—Ethanol
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for determining or measuring the content of a fluid in a given substance.
- Such devices are already known for measuring the alcohol vapor content of exhaled breath, in order to estimate the alcohol level in the blood.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings a breathalyzer or breathalyzer commonly available commercially, comprising:
- means for detecting the presence of alcohol vapor in the breath consisting of a porous reactive mass 1 which gradually becomes colored by chemical reaction with said alcohol vapor as a function of the volume of gas which passes through this mass,
- a means for measuring the alcohol vapor content of the breath consisting of a graduation 3 on the portion of the tube containing the reactive mass, said graduation being calibrated as a function of a predetermined volume of gas passing through the mass, and
- means for limiting the volume of gas passing through the tube consisting of an inflatable flexible bag 4, intended to be connected to one end of the tube and the swelling of which is limited to the aforementioned predetermined standard volume, said bag being provided with a valve at its tip.
- the instructions for use of this breathalyzer consist in blowing into the limiting bag until it is completely filled, then emptying the bag completely through the tube after inserting the tip 5 of the bag on one end of this, and finally to compare the graduated mark 3 with the length of reagent which has changed color, to obtain an estimate of the alcohol level in the blood.
- this type of breathalyzer has many drawbacks, in particular the risk of leakage at the level of the limiting bag itself and of its connection to the tube, while the certification specifications for breathalysers require that these devices have no defects. sealing. This results in a significant additional cost to achieve such a seal.
- This device is also complicated to use because it requires three separate operations for the user.
- the reactive mass does not change color but reacts with the water vapor contained in the breath, which makes the tube unusable, that is to say inoperative during 'for later use.
- the tube and the airbag are in two separate parts.
- the present invention therefore aims to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a new light portable device for determining or measuring the content of a fluid in a given substance which is simpler to manufacture and use.
- the subject of the present invention is an apparatus for determining the content of a fluid in a given substance, comprising: means for detecting the presence of said substance in the fluid, consisting of a porous reactive mass which reacts progressively with said substance as a function of the volume of fluid which passes through the mass, said porous mass being generally chosen to be colored during the reaction chemical with the substance,
- means for determining the content of the fluid in said substance consisting for example of measuring means graduated on the longitudinal portion of the tube containing the reactive mass, said means being calibrated as a function of a predetermined volume of fluid passing through the mass,
- a means for controlling the volume of fluid passing through the tube consisting of a heat-sensitive indicator which indicates that the reactive mass has reached a critical temperature for heating corresponding to the passage of a volume of fluid through the mass equal to the aforementioned predetermined standard volume.
- any limiting pocket is eliminated and the heat generated by the exothermic reaction between the reactive mass and the water vapor contained in the fluid is used to signal that a volume of fluid equal to the predetermined standard volume has crossed the tube and therefore the user must stop blowing.
- the invention is therefore based on the use of the exothermic reaction between the reactive mass and the fluid and on the correlation between the volume of fluid passing through the mass and the temperature of heating thereof.
- the aforementioned thermal indicator consists of a reactive solution such as an ink which instantly transfers from color and irreversibly when the above critical temperature is reached.
- this reactive solution is soaked in silica granules retained inside the tube near the reactive mass.
- the reactive solution is soaked in a tablet which is fixed or embedded in the wall of the tube, on its internal or external face, in line with or in the vicinity of said reactive mass.
- the indicator is arranged on the periphery of the tube at the level of the porous reactive mass and at a determined location to serve both as a benchmark for determining the content of the fluid in said substance.
- the thermal indicator can be worn by a removable ring for reuse of the indicator on another tube, when the thermal indicator is reversible.
- the thermosensitive indicator could be dissociated from the reference and positioned at the downstream end of the reactive mass.
- the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises an audible warning element or an indicator light which is triggered when the critical temperature is reached.
- the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises a temperature sensor and means for displaying the detected temperature.
- the device comprises an element revealing its used or unused state, which revealing element is constituted by the above-mentioned thermo-sensitive indicator, when the latter is irreversible. Indeed, even when the test is negative, the exothermic reaction occurs and therefore triggers the temperature-sensitive indicator which will signal that the device has already been used.
- the apparatus comprises an element revealing its expired state or not, which revealing element consists of the aforementioned thermo-sensitive indicator when the latter is irreversible, and whose critical temperature is brought at the temperature at which the reactive mass is likely to degrade under the effect of external heating, for example during prolonged exposure of the device to the sun.
- the critical temperature is advantageously chosen in the range from 45 ° C. to 70 ° C., in which temperature range the heating curve of the exothermic reaction as a function of the volume of fluid hardly varies as a function of the ambient temperature.
- the critical temperature is substantially equal to 55 ° C.
- the apparatus of the invention can be used for example as a breathalyzer or for measuring the rate of air pollution with nitrogen monoxide, nitrous vapor or carbon dioxide, or even for measuring the level of a given substance in a liquid.
- Figure 1 is a partial schematic view and partially in section of a known breathalyzer.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a partial view showing a detail of Figure 2, indicated by arrow III.
- FIGS 4 to 7 are views similar to Figure 3, but showing alternative embodiments of the apparatus of the invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows three other heat-sensitive indicators which can be used in the apparatus of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graph representing the heating curve of the reactive mass as a function of the volume of fluid passing through it.
- Figure 10 is a partial view of yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
- the apparatus of the invention comprises a porous reactive mass 1 consisting for example of a chromium salt VI supported by silica granules, and an open hollow tube 2 at its longitudinal ends and in which said mass is housed.
- Two grids or perforated partitions 6, 7 are fixed transversely inside the tube 2 on either side of the mass 1, to retain the granules constituting said mass.
- the grids 6, 7 can also be used to filter and regulate the flow of fluid passing through the mass 1.
- the graduations could also be replaced by another means for determining the alcohol content, consisting of a reference luminance of the color change of the reactive mass carried for example on the tube, the substance content being measured by reading the contrast. between said reference luminance and the effective luminance of the color change.
- a patch 7 is bonded to the external face of the wall of the tube 2, in line with the reactive mass 1, and more precisely between the upstream grid 6 and the reference 3.
- This tablet 8 contains an ink, paint or heat-sensitive filler which instantly turns color and irreversibly when a given critical temperature is reached.
- Such an ink, paint or filler is known per se and is used in particular on the packaging of frozen products to control that the temperature of the latter remains within the authorized storage ranges.
- the porous reactive mass is also known per se and can be prepared by any suitable process.
- the patch 8 is embedded on the external face of the wall of the tube 2.
- the patch 8 is bonded to the internal face of the wall of the tube 2 in the vicinity of the above-mentioned downstream grid 7.
- the pellet 8 is removed and replaced by silica granules 9 soaked with the abovementioned ink, which granules 9 are housed inside the tube 2 and retained between the downstream grid 7 and another similar grid 10.
- the apparatus of the invention comprises a peripheral ring 11 which surrounds the tube 2 externally, at the level of the reactive mass 1, more precisely between the upstream 6 and downstream 7 grids in a location corresponding to the above reference 3, to serve as a graduation of the measuring means.
- the ring 11 constitutes the temperature-sensitive indicator signaling when the reactive mass 1 reaches the aforementioned critical temperature, and can be provided removable for reuse when the indicator is reversible.
- FIG. 8 shows a first indicator comprising an audible warning element 12 which is triggered when the critical temperature is reached, for example by a fuse or a bimetal differential expansion system, a second indicator comprising a digital temperature display 13, and a third indicator comprising a graduated temperature display with a needle 14, these latter two indicators 13, 14 being connected to a temperature sensor not shown.
- This graph represents the evolution of the temperature curve of a porous reactive mass as a function of the volume of gas passing through it.
- the porous reactive mass is formed of a silica gel impregnated with a reactive solution consisting of chromium salt VI whose density is 1.80 and the gas is blown air at a pressure of about 30 millibar.
- the temperature released by the exothermic reaction between the water vapor contained in the gas and the chemical reagent supported by the silica gel was measured for three samples of this porous reactive mass, as a function of the volume of gas which is blown at through the mass.
- the wall of the tube could be made of a different material, for example glass.
- the average temperature values indicated in this table deviate from the temperatures measured for each sample only from + 1 ° C to 2 ° C.
- the exploitable temperature range whatever the ambient temperature, for choosing the critical temperature Te of the temperature-sensitive indicator, is between approximately 45 ° C. and 70 ° C., which defines a standard volume Vo comprised between about 800 and 1400 ml.
- FIG 10 there is shown a flexible spout or end in the form of a plastic pipe 18 fixed to the upstream end of the tube 2 to allow a user blowing through it to view the thermal indicator 8 and s' stop blowing as soon as this thermal reagent changes color, because then it will have blown a volume Vo of gas through mass 1.
- the user blows directly through the tube 2, according to the arrow F indicated in FIG. 2, without using a balloon.
- the water vapor contained in the blown gas undergoes an exothermic reaction with the chemical reagent during its passage through the mass 1, which causes a gradual heating of the latter.
- the user can then check whether the chemical reagent contained in mass 1 has changed color over a length exceeding mark 3.
- the thermal indicator 8 is of the irreversible color change type, the user will know that this tube is now used, even if the reactive mass 1 has not changed color because his breath did not contain any trace of vapor of alcohol. On the other hand, if the user leaves a new tube in his vehicle which remains exposed to the sun for a prolonged period, and this tube therefore bathes in heat exceeding 55 ° C, the thermal indicator 8 will change color, which will signal to the user that the tube is out of date due to degradation of the chemical reagent by heat.
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for measuring the content of a predetermined substance in a fluid is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a porous reactive mass (1) that gradually changes colour as it reacts chemically with the substance depending on the volume of fluid passing through the mass, a hollow tube (2) open at both longitudinal ends and containing said mass, a graduation (3) on the longitudinal portion of the tube containing the reactive mass, said graduation being calibrated according to a predetermined volume of fluid passing through the mass, and a heat-sensitive indicator (8) for indicating when the reactive mass has reached a critical heating temperature corresponding to the passage through the mass of a fluid volume equal to the calibrated volume. The apparatus is particularly useful as a breath analyser or for measuring air pollution levels.
Description
"Appareil pour déterminer la teneur d'un fluide en une substance donnée" ."Apparatus for determining the content of a fluid in a given substance".
La présente invention concerne un appareil pour déterminer ou mesurer la teneur d'un fluide en une substance donnée.The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining or measuring the content of a fluid in a given substance.
On connaît déjà de tels appareils pour mesurer la teneur en vapeur d'alcool de l'haleine expirée, en vue d'estimer le taux d'alcool dans le sang.Such devices are already known for measuring the alcohol vapor content of exhaled breath, in order to estimate the alcohol level in the blood.
Parmi ces appareils connus pour mesurer l'alcoolémie, on a représenté sur la figure 1 des dessins annexés un éthylomètre ou éthylotest couramment disponible dans le commerce, comportant :Among these known devices for measuring the blood alcohol level, there is shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, a breathalyzer or breathalyzer commonly available commercially, comprising:
un moyen pour détecter la présence de vapeur d'alcool dans l'haleine, constitué d'une masse réactive poreuse 1 qui se colore progressivement par réaction chimique avec ladite vapeur d'alcool en fonction du volume de gaz qui traverse cette masse,means for detecting the presence of alcohol vapor in the breath, consisting of a porous reactive mass 1 which gradually becomes colored by chemical reaction with said alcohol vapor as a function of the volume of gas which passes through this mass,
un tube creux 2 ouvert à ses extrémités longitudinales, dans lequel est logé ladite masse de façon que l'air expiré pénétrant dans le tube par une extrémité sorte par l'autre extrémité après avoir traversé la masse,a hollow tube 2 open at its longitudinal ends, in which said mass is housed so that the exhaled air entering the tube through one end leaves through the other end after passing through the mass,
un moyen de mesure de la teneur en vapeur d'alcool de l'haleine, constitué d'une graduation 3 sur la portion du tube contenant la masse réactive, ladite graduation étant étalonnée en fonction d'un volume prédéterminé de gaz traversant la masse, eta means for measuring the alcohol vapor content of the breath, consisting of a graduation 3 on the portion of the tube containing the reactive mass, said graduation being calibrated as a function of a predetermined volume of gas passing through the mass, and
un moyen pour limiter le volume de gaz traversant le tube, constitué d'une poche souple gonflable 4, destinée à être reliée à une extrémité du tube et dont le gonflement est limité au volume étalon prédéterminé précité, ladite poche étant munie d'une soupape au niveau de son embout.
Le mode d'emploi de cet éthylomètre consiste à souffler dans la poche limitante jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit complètement remplie, puis à vider complètement la poche à travers le tube après avoir inséré l'embout 5 de la poche sur une extrémité de celui-ci, et enfin à comparer le repère gradué 3 avec la longueur de réactif qui a changé de couleur, pour obtenir une estimation du taux d'alcool dans le sang.means for limiting the volume of gas passing through the tube, consisting of an inflatable flexible bag 4, intended to be connected to one end of the tube and the swelling of which is limited to the aforementioned predetermined standard volume, said bag being provided with a valve at its tip. The instructions for use of this breathalyzer consist in blowing into the limiting bag until it is completely filled, then emptying the bag completely through the tube after inserting the tip 5 of the bag on one end of this, and finally to compare the graduated mark 3 with the length of reagent which has changed color, to obtain an estimate of the alcohol level in the blood.
Toutefois, ce type d'éthylomètre présente de nombreux inconvénients, notamment des risques de fuite au niveau de la poche limitante elle-même et de sa connection au tube, alors que les spécifications d'homologations des éthylotests exigent que ces appareils ne présentent aucun défaut d'étanchéité. Il en résulte un surcoût important pour atteindre une telle étanchéité.However, this type of breathalyzer has many drawbacks, in particular the risk of leakage at the level of the limiting bag itself and of its connection to the tube, while the certification specifications for breathalysers require that these devices have no defects. sealing. This results in a significant additional cost to achieve such a seal.
Cet appareil est également compliqué à l'usage car il nécessite trois opérations distinctes pour l'utilisateur.This device is also complicated to use because it requires three separate operations for the user.
D'autre part, lorsque le test se révèle négatif, la masse réactive ne change pas de couleur mais réagit avec la vapeur d'eau contenue dans le souffle, ce qui rend le tube inutilisable, c'est-à-dire inopérant lors d'un usage ultérieur. Toutefois, rien sur le tube ne permet de savoir s'il est neuf ou a déjà été utilisé au cours d'un contrôle négatif, car le tube et la poche gonflable sont en deux pièces séparées.On the other hand, when the test is negative, the reactive mass does not change color but reacts with the water vapor contained in the breath, which makes the tube unusable, that is to say inoperative during 'for later use. However, there is nothing on the tube to indicate whether it is new or has already been used during a negative control, since the tube and the airbag are in two separate parts.
La présente invention a donc pour but d'éliminer les inconvénients précités et de proposer un nouvel appareil portatif léger pour déterminer ou mesurer la teneur d'un fluide en une substance donnée qui soit de fabrication et d'usage plus simples.The present invention therefore aims to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a new light portable device for determining or measuring the content of a fluid in a given substance which is simpler to manufacture and use.
A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un appareil pour déterminer la teneur d'un fluide en une substance donnée, comportant :
un moyen pour détecter la présence de ladite substance dans le fluide, constitué d'une masse réactive poreuse qui réagit progressivement avec ladite substance en fonction du volume de fluide qui traverse la masse, ladite masse poreuse étant généralement choisie pour se colorer lors de la réaction chimique avec la substance,To this end, the subject of the present invention is an apparatus for determining the content of a fluid in a given substance, comprising: means for detecting the presence of said substance in the fluid, consisting of a porous reactive mass which reacts progressively with said substance as a function of the volume of fluid which passes through the mass, said porous mass being generally chosen to be colored during the reaction chemical with the substance,
un tube creux ouvert à ses deux extrémités longitudinales, dans lequel est logée ladite masse,a hollow tube open at its two longitudinal ends, in which said mass is housed,
un moyen pour déterminer la teneur du fluide en ladite substance, constitué par exemple d'un moyen de mesure gradué sur la portion longitudinale du tube contenant la masse réactive, ledit moyen étant étalonné en fonction d'un volume prédéterminé de fluide traversant la masse,means for determining the content of the fluid in said substance, consisting for example of measuring means graduated on the longitudinal portion of the tube containing the reactive mass, said means being calibrated as a function of a predetermined volume of fluid passing through the mass,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen pour contrôler le volume de fluide traversant le tube, constitué d'un indicateur thermo-sensible qui indique que la masse réactive a atteint une température critique d'echauffement correspondant au passage d'un volume de fluide à travers la masse égal au volume étalon prédéterminé précité.characterized in that it comprises a means for controlling the volume of fluid passing through the tube, consisting of a heat-sensitive indicator which indicates that the reactive mass has reached a critical temperature for heating corresponding to the passage of a volume of fluid through the mass equal to the aforementioned predetermined standard volume.
Dans l'invention, on supprime toute poche limitante et on se sert de la chaleur engendrée par la réaction exothermique entre la masse réactive et la vapeur d'eau contenue dans le fluide pour signaler qu'un volume de fluide égal au volume étalon prédéterminé a traversé le tube et donc que l'utilisateur doit arrêter de souffler.In the invention, any limiting pocket is eliminated and the heat generated by the exothermic reaction between the reactive mass and the water vapor contained in the fluid is used to signal that a volume of fluid equal to the predetermined standard volume has crossed the tube and therefore the user must stop blowing.
L'invention est donc basée sur l'utilisation de la réaction exothermique entre la masse réactive et le fluide et sur la corrélation entre le volume de fluide traversant la masse et la température d'echauffement de celle-ci.The invention is therefore based on the use of the exothermic reaction between the reactive mass and the fluid and on the correlation between the volume of fluid passing through the mass and the temperature of heating thereof.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'indicateur thermique précité est constitué d'une solution réactive telle qu'une encre qui vire instantanément de
couleur et de manière irréversible lorsque la température critique précitée est atteinte.In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned thermal indicator consists of a reactive solution such as an ink which instantly transfers from color and irreversibly when the above critical temperature is reached.
Dans une variante de réalisation, cette solution réactive est imbibée dans des granulés de silice retenus à l'intérieur du tube à proximité de la masse réactive.In an alternative embodiment, this reactive solution is soaked in silica granules retained inside the tube near the reactive mass.
Dans une autre variante, la solution réactive est imbibée dans une pastille qui est fixée ou encastrée dans la paroi du tube, sur sa face interne ou externe, au droit ou au voisinage de ladite masse réactive.In another variant, the reactive solution is soaked in a tablet which is fixed or embedded in the wall of the tube, on its internal or external face, in line with or in the vicinity of said reactive mass.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'indicateur est agencé sur la périphérie du tube au niveau de la masse réactive poreuse et en un emplacement déterminé pour servir à la fois comme repère pour déterminer la teneur du fluide en ladite substance. L'indicateur thermique peut être porté par une bague amovible en vue d'une réutilisation de l'indicateur sur un autre tube, lorsque l'indicateur thermique est réversible. Toutefois, l'indicateur thermosensible pourrait être dissocié du repère et positionné à l'extrémité aval de la masse réactive.According to another characteristic of the invention, the indicator is arranged on the periphery of the tube at the level of the porous reactive mass and at a determined location to serve both as a benchmark for determining the content of the fluid in said substance. The thermal indicator can be worn by a removable ring for reuse of the indicator on another tube, when the thermal indicator is reversible. However, the thermosensitive indicator could be dissociated from the reference and positioned at the downstream end of the reactive mass.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, l'indicateur thermique précité comporte un élément avertisseur sonore ou un voyant lumineux qui est déclenché lorsque la température critique est atteinte.In another embodiment, the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises an audible warning element or an indicator light which is triggered when the critical temperature is reached.
Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation, l'indicateur thermique précité comporte un capteur de température et un moyen pour afficher la température détectée.In yet another embodiment, the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises a temperature sensor and means for displaying the detected temperature.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'appareil comporte un élément révélateur de son état usagé ou non, lequel élément révélateur est constitué par 1*indicateur thermo-sensible précité, lorsque ce dernier est irréversible.
En effet, même lorsque le test se révèle négatif, la réaction exothermique se produit et déclenche donc l'indicateur thermo-sensible qui signalera que l'appareil a déjà été utilisé.According to another characteristic of the invention, the device comprises an element revealing its used or unused state, which revealing element is constituted by the above-mentioned thermo-sensitive indicator, when the latter is irreversible. Indeed, even when the test is negative, the exothermic reaction occurs and therefore triggers the temperature-sensitive indicator which will signal that the device has already been used.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'appareil comporte un élément révélateur de son état périmé ou non, lequel élément révélateur est constitué par l'indicateur thermo-sensible précité lorsque ce dernier est irréversible, et dont la température critique est portée à la température à laquelle la masse réactive est susceptible de se dégrader sous l'effet d'un échauffement externe, par exemple lors d'une exposition prolongée de l'appareil au soleil.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the apparatus comprises an element revealing its expired state or not, which revealing element consists of the aforementioned thermo-sensitive indicator when the latter is irreversible, and whose critical temperature is brought at the temperature at which the reactive mass is likely to degrade under the effect of external heating, for example during prolonged exposure of the device to the sun.
La température critique est avantageusement choisie dans la plage allant de 45°C à 70°C, dans laquelle plage de température la courbe de chauffe de la réaction exothermique en fonction du volume de fluide ne varie pratiquement pas en fonction de la température ambiante. De préférence, la température critique est sensiblement égale à 55°C.The critical temperature is advantageously chosen in the range from 45 ° C. to 70 ° C., in which temperature range the heating curve of the exothermic reaction as a function of the volume of fluid hardly varies as a function of the ambient temperature. Preferably, the critical temperature is substantially equal to 55 ° C.
L'appareil de l'invention peut être utilisé par exemple comme éthylomètre ou pour mesurer le taux de pollution de l'air en monoxyde d'azote, vapeur nitreuse ou dioxyde de carbone, ou bien encore pour mesurer le taux d'une substance donnée dans un liquide.The apparatus of the invention can be used for example as a breathalyzer or for measuring the rate of air pollution with nitrogen monoxide, nitrous vapor or carbon dioxide, or even for measuring the level of a given substance in a liquid.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, actuellement préférés de l'invention, donnés à titre uniquement illustratif et non limitatif en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :The invention will be better understood and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which will follow of several particular, currently preferred embodiments of the invention, given by way of only illustrative and not limiting with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
La figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle et partiellement en coupe d'un éthylomètre connu.
La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'appareil de l'invention.Figure 1 is a partial schematic view and partially in section of a known breathalyzer. Figure 2 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
La figure 3 est une vue partielle montrant un détail de la figure 2, indiqué par la flèche III.Figure 3 is a partial view showing a detail of Figure 2, indicated by arrow III.
Les figures 4 à 7 sont des vues analogues à la figure 3, mais représentant des variantes de réalisation de l'appareil de l'invention.Figures 4 to 7 are views similar to Figure 3, but showing alternative embodiments of the apparatus of the invention.
La figure 8 montre schématiquement trois autres indicateurs thermo-sensibles pouvant être utilisés dans l'appareil de 1'invention.FIG. 8 schematically shows three other heat-sensitive indicators which can be used in the apparatus of the invention.
La figure 9 est un graphique représentant la courbe de chauffe de la masse réactive en fonction du volume de fluide qui la traverse.FIG. 9 is a graph representing the heating curve of the reactive mass as a function of the volume of fluid passing through it.
La figure 10 est une vue partielle d'encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'appareil de l'invention.Figure 10 is a partial view of yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
Suivant l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures 2 et 3, l'appareil de l'invention comporte une masse réactive poreuse 1 constituée par exemple d'un sel de chrome VI supporté par des granulés de silice, et un tube creux 2 ouvert à ses extrémités longitudinales et dans lequel est logée ladite masse.According to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, the apparatus of the invention comprises a porous reactive mass 1 consisting for example of a chromium salt VI supported by silica granules, and an open hollow tube 2 at its longitudinal ends and in which said mass is housed.
Deux grilles ou cloisons perforées 6, 7 sont fixées transversalement à l'intérieur du tube 2 de part et d'autre de la masse 1, pour retenir les granulés constitutifs de ladite masse.Two grids or perforated partitions 6, 7 are fixed transversely inside the tube 2 on either side of the mass 1, to retain the granules constituting said mass.
Les grilles 6, 7 peuvent également servir à filtrer et réguler le débit de fluide passant à travers la masse 1.The grids 6, 7 can also be used to filter and regulate the flow of fluid passing through the mass 1.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 une graduation comportant un seul repère 3 correspondant au taux d'alcool maximal
autorisé par la loi, mais on pourrait bien entendu graduer toute la longueur de la portion de tube contenant la masse réactive 1.There is shown in Figure 2 a graduation with a single mark 3 corresponding to the maximum alcohol content authorized by law, but one could of course graduate the entire length of the portion of tube containing the reactive mass 1.
On pourrait également remplacer les graduations par un autre moyen pour déterminer le taux d'alcool, constitué d'une luminance de référence du changement de couleur de la masse réactive portée par exemple sur le tube, la teneur en substance étant mesurée par lecture du contraste entre ladite luminance de référence et la luminance effective du changement de couleur.The graduations could also be replaced by another means for determining the alcohol content, consisting of a reference luminance of the color change of the reactive mass carried for example on the tube, the substance content being measured by reading the contrast. between said reference luminance and the effective luminance of the color change.
On voit sur les figures 2 et 3 qu'une pastille 7 est collée sur la face externe de la paroi du tube 2, au droit de la masse réactive 1, et plus précisément entre la grille amont 6 et le repère 3.It can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 that a patch 7 is bonded to the external face of the wall of the tube 2, in line with the reactive mass 1, and more precisely between the upstream grid 6 and the reference 3.
Cette pastille 8 contient une encre, peinture ou charge thermo-sensible qui vire instantanément de couleur et de manière irréversible lorsqu'une température critique donnée est atteinte.This tablet 8 contains an ink, paint or heat-sensitive filler which instantly turns color and irreversibly when a given critical temperature is reached.
Une telle encre, peinture ou charge est connue en soi et est utilisée notamment sur les emballages des produits surgelés pour contrôler que la température de ces derniers reste dans les plages de conservation autorisées.Such an ink, paint or filler is known per se and is used in particular on the packaging of frozen products to control that the temperature of the latter remains within the authorized storage ranges.
La masse réactive poreuse est également connue en soi et peut être préparée par tous procédés adaptés.The porous reactive mass is also known per se and can be prepared by any suitable process.
Dans la variante illustrée sur la figure 4, la pastille 8 est encastrée sur la face externe de la paroi du tube 2.In the variant illustrated in FIG. 4, the patch 8 is embedded on the external face of the wall of the tube 2.
Sur la figure 5, la pastille 8 est collée sur la face interne de la paroi du tube 2 au voisinage de la grille aval 7 précitée.In FIG. 5, the patch 8 is bonded to the internal face of the wall of the tube 2 in the vicinity of the above-mentioned downstream grid 7.
Dans le mode de réalisation de figure 6, la pastille 8 est supprimée et remplacée par des granulés de silice 9 imbibés
avec l'encre précitée, lesquels granulés 9 sont logés à 1 ' intérieur du tube 2 et retenus entre la grille aval 7 et une autre grille analogue 10.In the embodiment of Figure 6, the pellet 8 is removed and replaced by silica granules 9 soaked with the abovementioned ink, which granules 9 are housed inside the tube 2 and retained between the downstream grid 7 and another similar grid 10.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 7, l'appareil de l'invention comporte une bague périphérique 11 qui entoure extérieurement le tube 2, au niveau de la masse réactive 1, plus précisément entre les grilles amont 6 et aval 7 en un emplacement correspondant au repère 3 précité, pour servir comme graduation du moyen de mesure.In another embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the apparatus of the invention comprises a peripheral ring 11 which surrounds the tube 2 externally, at the level of the reactive mass 1, more precisely between the upstream 6 and downstream 7 grids in a location corresponding to the above reference 3, to serve as a graduation of the measuring means.
La bague 11 constitue l'indicateur thermo-sensible signalant lorsque la masse réactive 1 atteint la température critique précitée, et peut être prévue amovible en vue de sa réutilisation lorsque l'indicateur est réversible.The ring 11 constitutes the temperature-sensitive indicator signaling when the reactive mass 1 reaches the aforementioned critical temperature, and can be provided removable for reuse when the indicator is reversible.
On voit sur la figure 8, un premier indicateur comportant un élément avertisseur sonore 12 qui est déclenché lorsque la température critique est atteinte, par exemple par un fusible ou un système bilame à dilatation différentielle, un second indicateur comportant un affichage numérique de température 13, et un troisième indicateur comportant un affichage de température gradué à aiguille 14, ces deux derniers indicateurs 13, 14 étant reliés à un capteur de température non représenté.FIG. 8 shows a first indicator comprising an audible warning element 12 which is triggered when the critical temperature is reached, for example by a fuse or a bimetal differential expansion system, a second indicator comprising a digital temperature display 13, and a third indicator comprising a graduated temperature display with a needle 14, these latter two indicators 13, 14 being connected to a temperature sensor not shown.
On pourrait également prévoir à la place de l'avertisseur sonore 12 un voyant lumineux.One could also provide instead of the horn 12 an indicator light.
On va maintenant décrire une application particulière de l'invention, en référence au graphique illustré sur la figure 9.We will now describe a particular application of the invention, with reference to the graph illustrated in FIG. 9.
Ce graphique représente l'évolution de la courbe de température d'une masse réactive poreuse en fonction du volume de gaz qui la traverse.
Dans cette application particulière, la masse réactive poreuse est formée d'un gel de silice imprégné d'une solution réactive constituée de sel de chrome VI dont la densité est 1,80 et le gaz est de l'air soufflé à une pression d'environ 30 millibar.This graph represents the evolution of the temperature curve of a porous reactive mass as a function of the volume of gas passing through it. In this particular application, the porous reactive mass is formed of a silica gel impregnated with a reactive solution consisting of chromium salt VI whose density is 1.80 and the gas is blown air at a pressure of about 30 millibar.
On a mesuré pour trois échantillons de cette masse réactive poreuse, la température dégagée par la réaction exothermique entre la vapeur d'eau contenue dans le gaz et le réactif chimique supporté par le gel de silice, en fonction du volume de gaz qui est soufflé à travers la masse.The temperature released by the exothermic reaction between the water vapor contained in the gas and the chemical reagent supported by the silica gel was measured for three samples of this porous reactive mass, as a function of the volume of gas which is blown at through the mass.
On a indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessous les valeurs moyennes sur les trois échantillons de la température mesurée en fonction du volume d'air.The average values on the three samples of the temperature measured as a function of the air volume have been indicated in the table below.
TableauBoard
Il faut noter ici que les valeurs de température indiquées dans ce tableau ont été mesurées par un capteur de température séparé de la masse réactive poreuse par une
mince paroi en plastique, de sorte que ces valeurs intègrent donc l'inertie thermique de la paroi d'un tube en plastique.It should be noted here that the temperature values indicated in this table were measured by a temperature sensor separated from the porous reactive mass by a thin plastic wall, so these values therefore integrate the thermal inertia of the wall of a plastic tube.
Bien entendu, la paroi du tube pourrait être en un matériau différent, par exemple en verre.Of course, the wall of the tube could be made of a different material, for example glass.
Les valeurs moyennes de température indiquées dans ce tableau ne s'écartent des températures mesurées pour chaque échantillon que de + 1°C à 2°C.The average temperature values indicated in this table deviate from the temperatures measured for each sample only from + 1 ° C to 2 ° C.
Les mesures référencées dans le tableau ci-dessus ont été obtenues pour une température ambiante de 20,0C° et sont représentées sur le graphique de la figure 9 par la courbe à points carrés 15.The measurements referenced in the table above were obtained for an ambient temperature of 20.0 ° C. and are represented on the graph in FIG. 9 by the curve with square points 15.
Sur le graphique de la figure 9, on voit également une courbe à points triangulaires 16 représentant des mesures effectuées à une température ambiante supérieure à 20°C, ainsi qu'une autre courbe à points losanges 17 représentant des mesures effectuées à une température ambiante inférieure à 20°C.In the graph in FIG. 9, we also see a triangular point curve 16 representing measurements made at an ambient temperature above 20 ° C, as well as another diamond point curve 17 representing measurements made at a lower ambient temperature at 20 ° C.
On voit sur la figure 9 que les trois courbes 15, 16 et 17 se confondent à partir d'un volume de fluide supérieur à environ 800 ml et que la température de réaction s'élève jusqu'à environ 70°C pour un volume de 1400 ml avant de décroître au-delà.It can be seen in FIG. 9 that the three curves 15, 16 and 17 merge from a volume of fluid greater than approximately 800 ml and that the reaction temperature rises to approximately 70 ° C. for a volume of 1400 ml before decreasing beyond.
Par conséquent, la plage de température exploitable quelle que soit la température ambiante, pour choisir la température critique Te de l'indicateur thermo-sensible, est comprise entre environ 45°C et 70°C, ce qui définit un volume étalon Vo compris entre environ 800 et 1400 ml.Consequently, the exploitable temperature range, whatever the ambient temperature, for choosing the critical temperature Te of the temperature-sensitive indicator, is between approximately 45 ° C. and 70 ° C., which defines a standard volume Vo comprised between about 800 and 1400 ml.
On choisit par exemple la température critique Te égale à 55°C, à laquelle température le réactif chimique est susceptible de se dégrader, ce qui définit un volume étalon Vo égal à environ 1100 ml. La graduation du tube sera alors
effectuée pour un volume de gaz traversant le tube égal à Vo.We choose for example the critical temperature Te equal to 55 ° C, at which temperature the chemical reagent is likely to degrade, which defines a standard volume Vo equal to approximately 1100 ml. The graduation of the tube will then be performed for a volume of gas passing through the tube equal to Vo.
Sur la figure 10, on a représenté un bec ou embout flexible en forme de tuyau plastique 18 fixé à l'extrémité amont du tube 2 pour permettre à un utilisateur soufflant à travers celui-ci de visualiser l'indicateur thermique 8 et de s'arrêter de souffler dès que ce réactif thermique change de couleur, car alors il aura soufflé un volume Vo de gaz à travers la masse 1.In Figure 10, there is shown a flexible spout or end in the form of a plastic pipe 18 fixed to the upstream end of the tube 2 to allow a user blowing through it to view the thermal indicator 8 and s' stop blowing as soon as this thermal reagent changes color, because then it will have blown a volume Vo of gas through mass 1.
On va maintenant brièvement décrire le fonctionnement de l'appareil de l'invention en référence à la figure 2.We will now briefly describe the operation of the apparatus of the invention with reference to FIG. 2.
L'utilisateur vient souffler directement à travers le tube 2, suivant la flèche F indiquée sur la figure 2, sans utiliser de ballon.The user blows directly through the tube 2, according to the arrow F indicated in FIG. 2, without using a balloon.
Pendant le soufflage, la vapeur d'eau contenue dans le gaz soufflé subit une réaction exothermique avec le réactif chimique lors de son passage à travers la masse 1, ce qui provoque un échauffement progressif de cette dernière.During the blowing, the water vapor contained in the blown gas undergoes an exothermic reaction with the chemical reagent during its passage through the mass 1, which causes a gradual heating of the latter.
Lorsque la chaleur dégagée par cette réaction exothermique atteint la température critique Te prédéfinie pour l'indicateur thermique 8, ce dernier change de couleur et l'utilisateur arrête aussitôt de souffler car un volume Vo d'air aura alors traversé la masse 1.When the heat released by this exothermic reaction reaches the critical temperature Te predefined for the thermal indicator 8, the latter changes color and the user immediately stops blowing because a volume Vo of air will then have passed through the mass 1.
L'utilisateur peut alors vérifier si le réactif chimique contenu dans la masse 1 a changé de couleur sur une longueur dépassant le repère 3.The user can then check whether the chemical reagent contained in mass 1 has changed color over a length exceeding mark 3.
Si l'indicateur thermique 8 est du type à changement de couleur irréversible, l'utilisateur saura que ce tube est désormais usagé, même si la masse réactive 1 n'a pas changé de couleur car son haleine ne contenait aucune trace de vapeur d'alcool.
D'autre part, si l'utilisateur laisse un tube neuf dans son véhicule qui reste exposé au soleil de manière prolongée, et que ce tube baigne de ce fait dans une chaleur dépassant 55°C, l'indicateur thermique 8 virera de couleur, ce qui signalera à l'utilisateur que le tube est périmé du fait de la dégradation du réactif chimique à la chaleur.If the thermal indicator 8 is of the irreversible color change type, the user will know that this tube is now used, even if the reactive mass 1 has not changed color because his breath did not contain any trace of vapor of alcohol. On the other hand, if the user leaves a new tube in his vehicle which remains exposed to the sun for a prolonged period, and this tube therefore bathes in heat exceeding 55 ° C, the thermal indicator 8 will change color, which will signal to the user that the tube is out of date due to degradation of the chemical reagent by heat.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec des modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y ait nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre des revendications qui suivent.
Although the invention has been described in connection with particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the claims which follow.
Claims
1. Appareil pour déterminer la teneur d'un fluide en une substance donnée, comportant : un moyen pour détecter la présence de ladite substance dans le fluide, constitué d'une masse réactive poreuse (1) qui réagit progressivement, notamment en se colorant, avec ladite substance en fonction du volume de fluide qui traverse la masse, un tube creux (2) ouvert à ses deux extrémités longitudinales, dans lequel est logée ladite masse, un moyen (3, 11) pour déterminer la teneur du fluide en ladite substance, tel qu'un moyen de mesure gradué sur le tube, ledit moyen étant étalonné en fonction d'un volume prédéterminé (Vo) de fluide traversant la masse, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen pour contrôler le volume de fluide traversant le tube (2), constitué d'un indicateur thermo-sensible (8, 9, 11-14) qui indique que la masse réactive (1) a atteint une température critique d'echauffement (Te) correspondant au passage d'un volume de fluide à travers la masse égale au volume étalon prédéterminé précité (Vo) .1. Apparatus for determining the content of a fluid in a given substance, comprising: means for detecting the presence of said substance in the fluid, consisting of a porous reactive mass (1) which reacts progressively, in particular by coloring, with said substance as a function of the volume of fluid passing through the mass, a hollow tube (2) open at its two longitudinal ends, in which said mass is housed, means (3, 11) for determining the content of the fluid in said substance , such as a measuring means graduated on the tube, said means being calibrated as a function of a predetermined volume (Vo) of fluid passing through the mass, characterized in that it comprises means for controlling the volume of fluid passing through the tube (2), consisting of a thermosensitive indicator (8, 9, 11-14) which indicates that the reactive mass (1) has reached a critical temperature for heating (Te) corresponding to the passage of a volume of fluid through equal mass at the aforementioned predetermined standard volume (Vo).
2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur thermique précité (8, 9, 11) est constitué d'une solution réactive telle qu'une encre qui vire instantanément de couleur lorsque la température critique précitée (Te) est atteinte.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned thermal indicator (8, 9, 11) consists of a reactive solution such as an ink which instantly turns color when the aforementioned critical temperature (Te) is reached.
3. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite solution réactive est imbibée dans des granulés de silice (9) retenus à l'intérieur du tube (2) à proximité de la masse réactive (1).3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said reactive solution is soaked in silica granules (9) retained inside the tube (2) near the reactive mass (1).
4. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la solution réactive précitée est imbibée dans une pastille (8) qui est fixée ou encastrée dans la paroi du tube (2), sur sa face interne ou externe, au droit ou au voisinage de ladite masse réactive (1). 4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the aforementioned reactive solution is soaked in a tablet (8) which is fixed or embedded in the wall of the tube (2), on its internal or external face, at right or in the vicinity of said reactive mass (1).
5. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur thermique précité comporte un élément avertisseur sonore (12) ou un voyant lumineux qui est déclenché lorsque la température critique est atteinte.5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises an audible warning element (12) or an indicator light which is triggered when the critical temperature is reached.
6. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur thermique précité comporte un capteur de température et un moyen (13, 14) pour afficher la température détectée.6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned thermal indicator comprises a temperature sensor and means (13, 14) for displaying the detected temperature.
7. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur thermique (11) est agencé sur la périphérie du tube (2) au niveau de la masse réactive poreuse (1) et en un emplacement déterminé pour servir à la fois comme repère pour déterminer la teneur du fluide en ladite substance.7. Apparatus according to one of claims 1, 2, 5 and 6, characterized in that the thermal indicator (11) is arranged on the periphery of the tube (2) at the porous reactive mass (1) and in a determined location to serve both as a benchmark for determining the content of the fluid in said substance.
8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur thermique est porté par une bague (11) amovible en vue d'une réutilisation de l'indicateur sur un autre tube, lorsque l'indicateur thermique est réversible.8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the thermal indicator is carried by a removable ring (11) for reuse of the indicator on another tube, when the thermal indicator is reversible.
9. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément révélateur de son état usagé ou non, lequel élément révélateur est constitué par l'indicateur thermo-sensible précité lorsque ce dernier est irréversible.9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an element revealing its used state or not, which revealing element consists of the aforementioned heat-sensitive indicator when the latter is irreversible.
10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précitées, caractérisé en ce qu' 1 compor un élément révélateur de son état périmé ou m, lec nl élément révélateur est constitué par l'indicateur thei ao-sensible précité lorsque ce dernier est irréversible et dont la température critique (Te) est portée à la température à laquelle la masse réactive (1) est susceptible de se dégrader sous l'effet d'un échauffement externe. 10. Apparatus according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized in that 1 comprises an element revealing its expired state or m, lec n l revealing element consists of the ao-sensitive thei indicator mentioned above when the latter is irreversible and whose critical temperature (Te) is brought to the temperature at which the reactive mass (1) is likely to deteriorate under the effect of an external heating.
11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la température critique (Te) est dans la plage allant de 45°C à 70°C.11. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the critical temperature (Te) is in the range from 45 ° C to 70 ° C.
12. Appareil selon les revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce que la température critique (Te) est sensiblement égale à 55°C. 12. Apparatus according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the critical temperature (Te) is substantially equal to 55 ° C.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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FR9602083A FR2745085B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1996-02-20 | APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF A FLUID IN A GIVEN SUBSTANCE |
FR9602083 | 1996-02-20 | ||
PCT/FR1997/000286 WO1997031261A1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1997-02-14 | Apparatus for determining the content of a predetermined substance in a fluid |
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EP1007951A1 true EP1007951A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
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EP97905209A Withdrawn EP1007951A1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1997-02-14 | Apparatus for determining the content of a predetermined substance in a fluid |
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US (1) | US6309599B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1007951A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001516442A (en) |
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FR2991454A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-06 | Turdus Testers Of Capacity | Apparatus i.e. breath analyzer, for measuring alcohol vapor in expired breath, has thermally-actuated indicator indicating that reactive mass has reached critical temperature, and thermosensitive indicator controlling usage temperature |
CN102944685A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 湖南省浏阳市医用仪具厂 | Disposable human body alcohol tester |
CN103018235B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-04-08 | 沈阳理工大学 | Preparation method of separation-enrichment and color-developing measurement column for nickel |
CN105555190B (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2018-09-11 | 赛普瑞斯有限公司 | Breast rail and training component |
CN108051109B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-06-30 | 北京中科金腾科技有限公司 | Memory type environment parameter detection body |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1287823C2 (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1969-09-18 | Lothar Miczka KG, 4370 Mari | Detection tube for determining the alcohol content of the breath of a test person |
US3823382A (en) * | 1973-06-22 | 1974-07-09 | A Gaddy | System for inhibiting motor vehicle operation by inebriated drivers |
DE2906832C2 (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1982-06-03 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Method and arrangement for determining the alcohol concentration in the blood by measuring the alcohol concentration in the air we breathe |
DE3024847A1 (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-02-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | DEVICE FOR THE COLORIMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF GAS TRACKS |
US4791065A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-12-13 | Grobel Research Corporation | Ethanol sensitive solid |
US5171535A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1992-12-15 | Wayne Lamont | Breath alcohol tester |
-
1996
- 1996-02-20 FR FR9602083A patent/FR2745085B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-14 HU HU9902164A patent/HUP9902164A3/en unknown
- 1997-02-14 EP EP97905209A patent/EP1007951A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-14 KR KR1019980706425A patent/KR19990082679A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-14 AU AU18840/97A patent/AU719583B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-14 PL PL97328497A patent/PL328497A1/en unknown
- 1997-02-14 BR BR9707634A patent/BR9707634A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-14 US US09/125,125 patent/US6309599B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-14 CZ CZ982578A patent/CZ257898A3/en unknown
- 1997-02-14 WO PCT/FR1997/000286 patent/WO1997031261A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-14 JP JP52984397A patent/JP2001516442A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-14 CA CA002245911A patent/CA2245911A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-14 CN CN97192302A patent/CN1211317A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-17 ZA ZA9701310A patent/ZA971310B/en unknown
- 1997-02-20 AR ARP970100668A patent/AR005917A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9731261A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR005917A1 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
WO1997031261A1 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
CA2245911A1 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
HUP9902164A2 (en) | 2001-01-29 |
CN1211317A (en) | 1999-03-17 |
US6309599B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
AU719583B2 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
FR2745085B1 (en) | 1998-04-24 |
FR2745085A1 (en) | 1997-08-22 |
AU1884097A (en) | 1997-09-10 |
CZ257898A3 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
HUP9902164A3 (en) | 2001-04-28 |
JP2001516442A (en) | 2001-09-25 |
PL328497A1 (en) | 1999-02-01 |
ZA971310B (en) | 1997-12-18 |
KR19990082679A (en) | 1999-11-25 |
BR9707634A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
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