EP0998631B1 - Fuel dispensing device for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel dispensing device for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0998631B1
EP0998631B1 EP99919346A EP99919346A EP0998631B1 EP 0998631 B1 EP0998631 B1 EP 0998631B1 EP 99919346 A EP99919346 A EP 99919346A EP 99919346 A EP99919346 A EP 99919346A EP 0998631 B1 EP0998631 B1 EP 0998631B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shoulder
cavity
internal
bore
seal
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EP99919346A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0998631A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Ciecko
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CIDEB
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CIDEB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel distribution device for supplying the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, in particular a direct injection engine and more particularly an engine powered by relatively high pressure.
  • the invention particularly relates to a new mode of realization of such a device, easy to manufacture, easy to install and low return price.
  • the fuel distributor in an internal combustion engine, with direct injection, has an elongated body, of general shape tubular, connected by an axial end to the outlet of a fuel pump and comprising, arranged along its length, several outlet sockets made at the favor of protruding bosses. These output sockets are connected to the different injectors. Other sockets are possibly provided to be connected to pressure and / or temperature sensors, a damper or a regulator.
  • the tubular, elongated body is difficult to achieve. One piece must be made heavy, which must in any case be resumed in machining.
  • Such an elongated tubular body also comprises several supports or anchoring lugs for fixing on the cylinder head.
  • the very form of such distributor and the need to fix it at several points practically means that define a specific model for each type of engine.
  • European patent application No. 0 427 977 describes a dispenser comprising an elongated and short length cavity mounted on a base comprising a pressure and / or temperature sensor. Access to cavity including the input connected to the pump and the outputs connected to the injectors, are grouped on one end of the body. These accesses communicate with the cavity by holes. Most of these holes are made at an angle and lead to the upper part of the cavity. Such dispenser is delicate and expensive to make. The thickness of the walls of the body is relatively large and the piece is heavy.
  • the invention proposes a new type of distribution device for fuel, easy to produce in large series with relatively low cost prices.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to provide a distributor space and reduced weight particularly resistant to high pressures.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose such a distributor which can have a large number of ports, for connections to the different cylinders and engine sensors, which can be arranged in numerous locations of said body.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a dispenser whose cavity has a particularly low volume but nevertheless capable of feeding under high pressure a relatively large displacement engine, all other things being equal elsewhere.
  • the invention relates to a dispensing device fuel for supplying the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, type comprising a hollow body in the wall of which are made accesses intended to be connected, in particular, to a fuel supply source under pressure and a plurality of injectors for supplying said cylinders, said body hollow comprising a part of a cavity and a bore, in which is engaged a closure arrangement constituting a part of the internal face of said cavity, and which extends between said portion of cavity and an orifice of said body, characterized in that that the cavity is at least approximately spherical or oblong in profile, in that that said bore is shouldered, extending substantially radially between said part of cavity and said orifice of the body and comprising, separated by a shoulder, a first section, interior, communicating with said cavity part, and a second section, exterior, threaded, and in that the plugging arrangement of said bore has an inner part engaged in said first section, constituting the part of the internal face of said cavity, and
  • the cavity can be spherical, substantially spherical or profiled slightly oblong.
  • Said inner part of the closure arrangement may include a recess completing said cavity.
  • a joint can be interposed between the plugging arrangement and said drilling.
  • the spherical or almost spherical shape of the cavity is advantageous insofar as all accesses can communicate with the cavity by means of holes of which the internal terminal parts, at least, extend substantially radially. This allows you to organize access to any body locations all around the spherical cavity or practically spherical.
  • the mounting screwed between the hollow body and the arrangement of plugging makes it possible to very significantly reduce manufacturing costs for a surprisingly high pressure resistance.
  • the inner part of the closure arrangement is separate from the threaded part.
  • This part interior may include a first shoulder cooperating with that of the drilling and, in this case, the seal, mounted between said body and said part interior, not likely to be damaged when screwing said part threaded.
  • This shoulder will be referred to hereinafter as "first shoulder"
  • the seal can be housed in an annular groove made on a portion cylindrical of said inner part.
  • This joint can also be compressed between two shoulders including that of said bore.
  • the shoulder of the drilling can be chamfered to create an annular space capable of to accommodate a seal of suitable shape.
  • an at least approximately flat seal interposed between the shoulder of the bore and said first shoulder of said part interior.
  • the shoulder of said stepped hole can be chamfered to define an enlarged annular space with said first shoulder of said inner part.
  • said relatively flat seal has a annular allowance in the vicinity of its inner edge, suitable for occupying the enlarged annular space.
  • the interior portion of the closure arrangement and the threaded part can form a single piece.
  • the volume of the cavity can be relatively reduced taking into account the displacement of the motor to be supplied.
  • the volume of the cavity can be reduced to 30 cm 3 .
  • a fuel distribution device 11 for supplying the cylinders of a internal combustion engine, for example a diesel or petrol engine, piloted direct injection, under relatively high pressure.
  • the dispensing device essentially comprises a hollow body 12 in the wall of which are provided access points 14 intended to be connected, in particular, to a pressurized fuel supply source (the pump) and to a plurality of injectors respectively supplying the cylinders of the engine.
  • the different accesses are not differentiated. They are formed on a solid crown 16 in one piece with said hollow body, possibly coming from molding, forging or other technique.
  • the hollow body has a part 18 of a cavity 17 substantially spherical. Said part of cavity formed in the hollow body is here substantially larger than a hemisphere. Typically, it should constitute at least half of the cavity and, in the case of a cavity rigorously spherical, at least half a sphere.
  • Each access 14 includes a hole 19 of small internal section, substantially radial orientation and a tapped hole 20 of larger diameter emerging on the outside, here on the crown 16 and connecting to the weak hole section.
  • each small section hole 19 extends perpendicularly to the outer surface 16a of the crown, that is to say radially relative to the cavity 17 when it is spherical.
  • the hollow body also includes a stepped hole 22 extending substantially radially between said portion of cavity 16 and an orifice 24 of the hollow body.
  • This bore comprises, separated by a shoulder 26, a first inner section 28, communicating with said cavity part 17 defined in said body and a second section 29, exterior, threaded.
  • the device is completed by a plugging arrangement 30 of this stepped hole 22.
  • This arrangement closure consists of an inner part 32 engaged in said first section and one end face of which has a recess 34 supplementing said cavity, i.e. connecting with the cavity part 16 defined in said body and a threaded part 36 screwed into said second section 29.
  • At least one gasket 40 is interposed between said plugging arrangement 30 and the bore 22.
  • said inner part and said part threaded plugging arrangement 30 form a single piece.
  • the seal 40 is here a seal at least relatively flat, interposed between the shoulder 26 of the drilling and a shoulder 42 of this part, here defined between said part inner 32 and said threaded portion 36.
  • This shoulder 42 will be called “first shoulder ".
  • the inner edge of the shoulder of said shouldered drilling 22 made in the body is chamfered (chamfer 45) to define an enlarged annular space with the single part composed of said inner part 32 and said threaded part 36.
  • the seal at least relatively flat, however has an annular allowance in the vicinity of its edge interior, which is adapted to occupy this enlarged annular space.
  • the inner part 32 has a first shoulder 42 cooperating with that of the drilling (shoulder 26).
  • An O-ring 48 is housed in an annular groove 49 made on a cylindrical portion of said inner part.
  • annular groove 49a can further house an anti-extrusion ring 50, adjoining said seal 48.
  • said first section of the shouldered drilling (i.e. the non-tapped section) has another shoulder 52 cooperating with a second shoulder 54 of said part interior 32. At least one seal 48 is clamped between said first shoulder 42 and said other shoulder 52.
  • an anti-extrusion ring 50 is attached to the joint 48 and the assembly is tightened between these two shoulders.
  • the internal part 32 is further separated from the threaded part 36 and the internal edge of the shoulder of the shouldered hole is chamfered (chamfer 45 a ) to define an enlarged space, here frustoconical, with said inner part 32, in particular its shoulder 42 (previously called the first shoulder) and a seal 56 with a suitable shape (annular seal with triangular section) to occupy this frustoconical annular space.
  • the face outside of the second section has a footprint 58 adapted to receive a screwing tool.
  • the part of the cavity defined in the hollow body 12 a comprises a substantially spherical end part 70, extended by a cylindrical portion 71 (for example of the order of 12 to 20 mm long) into which the accesses 14 a .
  • This cylindrical portion is itself extended by a neck 72, the section of which gradually decreases towards the outside.
  • This neck is extended by said shouldered bore, the inner section of which comprises a cylindrical portion 73 then, a frustoconical bearing 74 widening towards the shoulder.
  • the frustoconical bearing 74 ends in the plane of the shoulder 26 a .
  • the arrangement of closure 30a includes two separate parts.
  • the cavity is closed by an inner portion 32 has engaged in the first section; it forms part of the internal face of the cavity 17 a .
  • This inner part is held in place by a threaded part 36a screwed into said second section 29 a , threaded for this purpose.
  • the inner part of the closure arrangement has the general shape of a relatively thick pellet provided with a frustoconical peripheral portion 79 which comes to bear against the frustoconical bearing surface 74 defined above.
  • the threaded part has a recess in which the inner part 32 a is embedded, which forms a sort of shutter with a conical bearing.
  • the seal is ensured by the tight contact of the frustoconical surfaces 74 and 79.
  • an additional seal relatively compressible can be interposed between the shoulder 26 a formed in the body 12 a and the face of end of the threaded part 36 a .
  • the accesses 14 a are here respectively defined in massive extensions of said body, which extensions form connection end pieces 80.
  • Each access comprises a hole of small section 19 a opening in a substantially equatorial plane of the cavity (perpendicular to the axis yy ). It opens to the outside via a conical mouthpiece 81 and the endpiece 80 has an external thread 84 at its end portion.
  • FIG. 13 one of the end pieces is shown equipped with a pressure 82. External threading can be advantageous.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fuel dispensing device, in particular for an engine supplied under relatively high pressure. The invention is characterised in that the fuel-dispensing pump comprises a hollow body (12) where are arranged the passages (14) and inside which is provided a substantially spherical cavity (17) part (18) and a plugging arrangement (30) screwed in the hollow body. The plugging arrangement can be mounted in the pump outlet.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de distribution de carburant pour l'alimentation des cylindres d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment un moteur à injection directe et plus particulièrement un moteur alimenté sous relativement haute pression.The invention relates to a fuel distribution device for supplying the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, in particular a direct injection engine and more particularly an engine powered by relatively high pressure.

L'invention concerne tout particulièrement un nouveau mode de réalisation d'un tel dispositif, facile à fabriquer, d'implantation aisée et de faible pnx de revient.The invention particularly relates to a new mode of realization of such a device, easy to manufacture, easy to install and low return price.

Classiquement, dans un moteur à combustion interne, à injection directe, le distributeur de carburant comporte un corps allongé, de forme générale tubulaire, relié par une extrémité axiale à la sortie d'une pompe de carburant et comportant, disposées sur sa longueur, plusieurs prises de sortie réalisées à la faveur de bossages saillants. Ces prises de sortie sont reliées aux différents injecteurs. D'autres prises sont éventuellement prévues pour être reliées à des capteurs de pression et/ou température, à un amortisseur ou à un régulateur. Le corps tubulaire, allongé, est difficile à réaliser. Il faut réaliser une pièce monobloc lourde, qui doit de toute façon être reprise en usinage.Conventionally, in an internal combustion engine, with direct injection, the fuel distributor has an elongated body, of general shape tubular, connected by an axial end to the outlet of a fuel pump and comprising, arranged along its length, several outlet sockets made at the favor of protruding bosses. These output sockets are connected to the different injectors. Other sockets are possibly provided to be connected to pressure and / or temperature sensors, a damper or a regulator. The tubular, elongated body is difficult to achieve. One piece must be made heavy, which must in any case be resumed in machining.

Un tel corps tubulaire allongé comporte également plusieurs supports ou pattes d'encrage pour sa fixation sur la culasse. La forme même d'un tel distributeur et la nécessité de le fixer en plusieurs points obligent pratiquement à définir un modèle spécifique pour chaque type de moteur.Such an elongated tubular body also comprises several supports or anchoring lugs for fixing on the cylinder head. The very form of such distributor and the need to fix it at several points practically means that define a specific model for each type of engine.

D'autre part, la demande de brevet européen N° 0 427 977 décrit un distributeur comportant une cavité allongée et de faible longueur montée sur un socle comprenant un capteur de pression et/ou de température. Les accès à la cavité comprenant notamment l'entrée reliée à la pompe et les sorties reliées aux injecteurs, sont regroupés sur une extrémité du corps. Ces accès communiquent avec la cavité par des perçages. La plupart de ces perçages sont réalisés en biais et débouchent à la partie supérieure de la cavité. Un tel distributeur est de réalisation délicate et coûteuse. L'épaisseur des parois du corps est relativement importante et la pièce est lourde. On the other hand, European patent application No. 0 427 977 describes a dispenser comprising an elongated and short length cavity mounted on a base comprising a pressure and / or temperature sensor. Access to cavity including the input connected to the pump and the outputs connected to the injectors, are grouped on one end of the body. These accesses communicate with the cavity by holes. Most of these holes are made at an angle and lead to the upper part of the cavity. Such dispenser is delicate and expensive to make. The thickness of the walls of the body is relatively large and the piece is heavy.

L'invention propose un nouveau type de dispositif de distribution de carburant, facile à réaliser en grande série avec des prix de revient relativement bas.The invention proposes a new type of distribution device for fuel, easy to produce in large series with relatively low cost prices.

L'un des buts de l'invention est de proposer un distributeur d'encombrement et de poids réduits résistant particulièrement bien aux hautes pressions.One of the aims of the invention is to provide a distributor space and reduced weight particularly resistant to high pressures.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un tel distributeur pouvant présenter un grand nombre d'accès, pour les liaisons aux différents cylindres et capteurs du moteur, qui puissent être disposés en de nombreux emplacements dudit corps.Another object of the invention is to propose such a distributor which can have a large number of ports, for connections to the different cylinders and engine sensors, which can be arranged in numerous locations of said body.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un distributeur dont la cavité a un volume particulièrement faible mais néanmoins capable d'alimenter sous haute pression un moteur de relativement grande cylindrée, toutes choses égales par ailleurs.Another object of the invention is to provide a dispenser whose cavity has a particularly low volume but nevertheless capable of feeding under high pressure a relatively large displacement engine, all other things being equal elsewhere.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de distribution de carburant pour l'alimentation des cylindres d'un moteur à combustion interne, du type comportant un corps creux dans la paroi duquel sont pratiqués des accès destinés à être reliés, notamment, à une source d'alimentation de carburant sous pression et à une pluralité d'injecteurs pour alimenter lesdits cylindres, ledit corps creux comportant une partie d'une cavité et un perçage, dans lequel est engagé un agencement de bouchage constituant une partie de la face interne de ladite cavité, et qui s'étend entre ladite partie de cavité et un orifice dudit corps, caractérisé en ce que la cavité est au moins approximativement sphérique ou à profil oblong, en ce que ledit perçage est épaulé, s'étendant sensiblement radialement entre ladite partie de cavité et ledit orifice du corps et comportant, séparés par un épaulement, un premier tronçon, intérieur, communiquant avec ladite partie de cavité, et un second tronçon, extérieur, fileté, et en ce que l'agencement de bouchage dudit perçage comporte une partie intérieure engagée dans ledit premier tronçon, constituant la partie de la face interne de ladite cavité, et une partie filetée vissée dans ledit second tronçon.More particularly, the invention relates to a dispensing device fuel for supplying the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, type comprising a hollow body in the wall of which are made accesses intended to be connected, in particular, to a fuel supply source under pressure and a plurality of injectors for supplying said cylinders, said body hollow comprising a part of a cavity and a bore, in which is engaged a closure arrangement constituting a part of the internal face of said cavity, and which extends between said portion of cavity and an orifice of said body, characterized in that that the cavity is at least approximately spherical or oblong in profile, in that that said bore is shouldered, extending substantially radially between said part of cavity and said orifice of the body and comprising, separated by a shoulder, a first section, interior, communicating with said cavity part, and a second section, exterior, threaded, and in that the plugging arrangement of said bore has an inner part engaged in said first section, constituting the part of the internal face of said cavity, and a threaded part screwed into said second section.

La cavité peut être sphérique, sensiblement sphérique ou à profil légèrement oblong. The cavity can be spherical, substantially spherical or profiled slightly oblong.

Ladite partie intérieure de l'agencement de bouchage peut comporter une creusure complétant ladite cavité. Un joint peut être interposé entre l'agencement de bouchage et ledit perçage.Said inner part of the closure arrangement may include a recess completing said cavity. A joint can be interposed between the plugging arrangement and said drilling.

La forme sphérique ou pratiquement sphérique de la cavité est avantageuse dans la mesure où tous les accès peuvent communiquer avec la cavité au moyen de perçages dont les parties terminales internes, au moins, s'étendent sensiblement radialement. Ceci permet d'agencer les accès à des emplacements quelconques du corps tout autour de la cavité sphérique ou pratiquement sphérique.The spherical or almost spherical shape of the cavity is advantageous insofar as all accesses can communicate with the cavity by means of holes of which the internal terminal parts, at least, extend substantially radially. This allows you to organize access to any body locations all around the spherical cavity or practically spherical.

Surtout, le montage vissé entre le corps creux et l'agencement de bouchage permet de réduire très sensiblement les coûts de fabrication pour une tenue en pression étonnamment élevée.Above all, the mounting screwed between the hollow body and the arrangement of plugging makes it possible to very significantly reduce manufacturing costs for a surprisingly high pressure resistance.

Selon plusieurs modes de réalisation possibles, la partie intérieure de l'agencement de bouchage est séparée de la partie filetée. Cette partie intérieure peut comporter un premier épaulement coopérant avec celui du perçage et, dans ce cas, le joint, monté entre ledit corps et ladite partie intérieure, ne risque pas d'être détérioré au moment du vissage de ladite partie filetée. Cet épaulement sera dénommé ci-après "premier épaulement"According to several possible embodiments, the inner part of the closure arrangement is separate from the threaded part. This part interior may include a first shoulder cooperating with that of the drilling and, in this case, the seal, mounted between said body and said part interior, not likely to be damaged when screwing said part threaded. This shoulder will be referred to hereinafter as "first shoulder"

Le joint peut être logé dans une gorge annulaire pratiquée sur une portion cylindrique de ladite partie intérieure. Ce joint peut aussi être comprimé entre deux épaulements dont celui dudit perçage. Eventuellement, l'épaulement du perçage peut être chanfreiné de façon à créer un espace annulaire susceptible d'accueillir un joint de forme adaptée.The seal can be housed in an annular groove made on a portion cylindrical of said inner part. This joint can also be compressed between two shoulders including that of said bore. Optionally, the shoulder of the drilling can be chamfered to create an annular space capable of to accommodate a seal of suitable shape.

On peut aussi prévoir un joint au moins approximativement plat, interposé entre l'épaulement du perçage et ledit premier épaulement de ladite partie intérieure. Comme précédemment, l'épaulement dudit perçage épaulé peut être chanfreiné pour définir un espace annulaire élargi avec ledit premier épaulement de ladite partie intérieure. Dans ce cas, ledit joint relativement plat comporte une surépaisseur annulaire au voisinage de son bord intérieur, adapté pour occuper l'espace annulaire élargi.It is also possible to provide an at least approximately flat seal, interposed between the shoulder of the bore and said first shoulder of said part interior. As before, the shoulder of said stepped hole can be chamfered to define an enlarged annular space with said first shoulder of said inner part. In this case, said relatively flat seal has a annular allowance in the vicinity of its inner edge, suitable for occupying the enlarged annular space.

Dans certains cas, la partie intérieure de l'agencement de bouchage et la partie filetée peuvent former une seule pièce. In some cases, the interior portion of the closure arrangement and the threaded part can form a single piece.

Enfin, selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, le volume de la cavité peut être relativement réduit compte tenu de la cylindrée du moteur à alimenter. A titre d'exemple, pour un moteur à six cylindres 2,5 l alimentés par injection directe sous une pression de l'ordre de 1500 bars, le volume de la cavité peut être ramené à 30 cm3.Finally, according to another advantageous characteristic, the volume of the cavity can be relatively reduced taking into account the displacement of the motor to be supplied. For example, for a 2.5-liter six-cylinder engine supplied by direct injection at a pressure of around 1500 bars, the volume of the cavity can be reduced to 30 cm 3 .

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaítront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre de plusieurs modes de réalisation possibles d'un dispositif de distribution de carburant conforme à son principe, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un dispositif de distribution de carburant conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue du même dispositif, assemblé, représenté selon une coupe diamétrale de la cavité ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle, de l'encadré III de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de détail, analogue à la figure 3, illustrant une variante du joint du dispositif des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 illustrant une variante ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle de l'encadré Vl de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue analogue à la figure 6 illustrant une variante ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 5 illustrant une autre variante ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle de l'encadré IX de la figure 8 ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue analogue à la figure 5 illustrant une autre variante ;
  • la figure 11 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle de l'encadré Xl de la figure 10 ; et
  • la figure 12 est une vue en coupe d'une variante du dispositif conforme à l'invention.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of several possible embodiments of a fuel distribution device in accordance with its principle, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel distribution device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a view of the same device, assembled, shown in a diametrical section of the cavity;
  • Figure 3 is a detail view on a larger scale, of Box III of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a detail view, similar to Figure 3, illustrating a variant of the seal of the device of Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2 illustrating a variant;
  • Figure 6 is a detail view on a larger scale of the box Vl of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 illustrating a variant;
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 5 illustrating another variant;
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged detail view of Box IX of Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 5 illustrating another variant;
  • Figure 11 is a detail view on a larger scale of the box Xl of Figure 10; and
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view of a variant of the device according to the invention.

En considérant plus particulièrement les figures 1 à 3, on a représenté un dispositif de distribution de carburant 11 pour l'alimentation des cylindres d'un moteur à combustion interne, par exemple un moteur Diesel ou à essence, à injection directe pilotée, sous relativement haute pression.Considering more particularly Figures 1 to 3, a fuel distribution device 11 for supplying the cylinders of a internal combustion engine, for example a diesel or petrol engine, piloted direct injection, under relatively high pressure.

Dans un tel type de moteur, non représenté, le carburant est délivré au dispositif sous haute pression par une pompe et est distribué à des injecteurs pilotés par des électrovannes. Les pressions mises en jeu sont de l'ordre de 100 à 150 bars pour un moteur à essence et de 1400 à 2000 bars pour un moteur Diesel. Le dispositif de distribution comporte essentiellement un corps creux 12 dans la paroi duquel sont ménagés des accès 14 destinés à être reliés, notamment, à une source d'alimentation de carburant sous pression (la pompe) et à une pluralité d'injecteurs alimentant respectivement les cylindres du moteur. Dans l'exemple représenté, les différents accès ne sont pas différenciés. Ils sont pratiqués sur une couronne massive 16 d'un seul tenant avec ledit corps creux, éventuellement venue de moulage, forgeage ou autre technique.In such a type of engine, not shown, fuel is delivered to the device under high pressure by a pump and is distributed to injectors controlled by solenoid valves. The pressures involved are of the order of 100 at 150 bar for a petrol engine and from 1400 to 2000 bar for a motor Diesel. The dispensing device essentially comprises a hollow body 12 in the wall of which are provided access points 14 intended to be connected, in particular, to a pressurized fuel supply source (the pump) and to a plurality of injectors respectively supplying the cylinders of the engine. In the example shown, the different accesses are not differentiated. They are formed on a solid crown 16 in one piece with said hollow body, possibly coming from molding, forging or other technique.

D'autres accès semblables peuvent être réservés au raccordement de moyens de contrôle, comme par exemple un régulateur et/ou un amortisseur et/ou une prise de pression. Le corps creux comporte une partie 18 d'une cavité 17 sensiblement sphérique. Ladite partie de cavité pratiquée dans le corps creux est ici sensiblement plus grande qu'une demi-sphère. En règle générale, elle doit constituer au moins la moitié de la cavité et, dans le cas d'une cavité rigoureusement sphérique, au moins une demi-sphère. La couronne massive 16 dans laquelle sont ménagés lesdits accès a son plan médian confondu avec un plan équatorial de la cavité sphérique 17. Si la cavité avait une forme générale non rigoureusement sphérique, par exemple d'un profil légèrement oblong, la couronne massive pourrait avantageusement avoir son plan médian confondu avec un plan de symétrie transversal de ladite cavité. Cependant, si nécessaire, d'autres accès peuvent être rapportés à d'autres emplacements tout autour dudit corps creux. Chaque accès 14 comprend un trou 19 de faible section, interne, d'orientation sensiblement radiale et un trou taraudé 20 de plus grand diamètre débouchant à l'extérieur, ici sur la couronne 16 et se raccordant au trou de faible section.Other similar accesses can be reserved for the connection of control means, such as a regulator and / or a damper and / or a pressure tap. The hollow body has a part 18 of a cavity 17 substantially spherical. Said part of cavity formed in the hollow body is here substantially larger than a hemisphere. Typically, it should constitute at least half of the cavity and, in the case of a cavity rigorously spherical, at least half a sphere. The massive crown 16 in which said accesses to its median plane are provided, confused with a equatorial plane of the spherical cavity 17. If the cavity had a general shape not strictly spherical, for example with a slightly oblong profile, the massive crown could advantageously have its midplane confused with a transverse plane of symmetry of said cavity. However, if necessary, other accesses can be reported to other locations all around said hollow body. Each access 14 includes a hole 19 of small internal section, substantially radial orientation and a tapped hole 20 of larger diameter emerging on the outside, here on the crown 16 and connecting to the weak hole section.

Avantageusement, chaque trou de faible section 19 s'étend perpendiculairement par rapport à la surface extérieure 16a de la couronne, c'est-à-dire radialement par rapport à la cavité 17 lorsque celle-ci est sphérique.Advantageously, each small section hole 19 extends perpendicularly to the outer surface 16a of the crown, that is to say radially relative to the cavity 17 when it is spherical.

Le corps creux comporte aussi un perçage épaulé 22 s'étendant sensiblement radialement entre ladite partie de cavité 16 et un orifice 24 du corps creux. Ce perçage comporte, séparés par un épaulement 26, un premier tronçon 28 intérieur, communiquant avec ladite partie de cavité 17 définie dans ledit corps et un second tronçon 29, extérieur, fileté. Le dispositif est complété par un agencement de bouchage 30 de ce perçage épaulé 22. Cet agencement de bouchage se compose d'une partie intérieure 32 engagée dans ledit premier tronçon et dont une face d'extrémité comporte une creusure 34 complétant ladite cavité, c'est-à-dire se raccordant avec la partie de cavité 16 définie dans ledit corps et d'une partie filetée 36 vissée dans ledit second tronçon 29. Au moins un joint 40 est interposé entre ledit agencement de bouchage 30 et le perçage 22.The hollow body also includes a stepped hole 22 extending substantially radially between said portion of cavity 16 and an orifice 24 of the hollow body. This bore comprises, separated by a shoulder 26, a first inner section 28, communicating with said cavity part 17 defined in said body and a second section 29, exterior, threaded. The device is completed by a plugging arrangement 30 of this stepped hole 22. This arrangement closure consists of an inner part 32 engaged in said first section and one end face of which has a recess 34 supplementing said cavity, i.e. connecting with the cavity part 16 defined in said body and a threaded part 36 screwed into said second section 29. At least one gasket 40 is interposed between said plugging arrangement 30 and the bore 22.

Dans l'exemple des figures 1 à 3, ladite partie intérieure et ladite partie filetée de l'agencement de bouchage 30 forment une seule pièce. Le joint 40 est ici un joint au moins relativement plat, interposé entre l'épaulement 26 du perçage et un épaulement 42 de cette pièce, ici défini entre ladite partie intérieure 32 et ladite partie filetée 36. Cet épaulement 42 sera appelé "premier épaulement".In the example of Figures 1 to 3, said inner part and said part threaded plugging arrangement 30 form a single piece. The seal 40 is here a seal at least relatively flat, interposed between the shoulder 26 of the drilling and a shoulder 42 of this part, here defined between said part inner 32 and said threaded portion 36. This shoulder 42 will be called "first shoulder ".

Dans la variante de la figure 4, le bord interne de l'épaulement dudit perçage épaulé 22 pratiqué dans le corps est chanfreiné (chanfrein 45) pour définir un espace annulaire élargi avec la pièce unique composée de ladite partie intérieure 32 et de ladite partie filetée 36. Le joint, au moins relativement plat, comporte cependant une surépaisseur annulaire au voisinage de son bord intérieur, laquelle est adaptée pour occuper cet espace annulaire élargi.In the variant of Figure 4, the inner edge of the shoulder of said shouldered drilling 22 made in the body is chamfered (chamfer 45) to define an enlarged annular space with the single part composed of said inner part 32 and said threaded part 36. The seal, at least relatively flat, however has an annular allowance in the vicinity of its edge interior, which is adapted to occupy this enlarged annular space.

Comme il ressort de la figure 4, on obtient une étanchéité sur cinq faces consécutives.As shown in Figure 4, we obtain a seal on five sides consecutive.

Dans tous les autres modes de réalisation qui vont être décrits ci-dessous, la partie intérieure 32 est séparée de la partie filetée 36. Cependant, il est clair que les joints plats ou relativement plats décrits ci-dessus peuvent être utilisés avec les modes de réalisation des figures 5 à 9, tandis que tous les autres joints qui seront décrits plus loin peuvent aussi être utilisés avec le mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 3.In all the other embodiments which will be described below, the inner part 32 is separated from the threaded part 36. However, it is clear that the flat or relatively flat joints described above can be used with the embodiments of Figures 5 to 9, while all other joints which will be described later can also be used with the mode of Figures 1 to 3.

Si on considère plus particulièrement les figures 5 et 6, on voit que la partie intérieure 32 comporte un premier épaulement 42 coopérant avec celui du perçage (épaulement 26). Un joint torique 48 est logé dans une gorge annulaire 49 pratiquée sur une portion cylindrique de ladite partie intérieure.If we consider more particularly Figures 5 and 6, we see that the inner part 32 has a first shoulder 42 cooperating with that of the drilling (shoulder 26). An O-ring 48 is housed in an annular groove 49 made on a cylindrical portion of said inner part.

Selon la figure 7, une gorge annulaire semblable 49a peut abriter en outre une bague anti-extrusion 50, jouxtant ledit joint 48.According to Figure 7, a similar annular groove 49a can further house an anti-extrusion ring 50, adjoining said seal 48.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 8 et 9, ledit premier tronçon du perçage épaulé (c'est-à-dire le tronçon non taraudé) comporte un autre épaulement 52 coopérant avec un second épaulement 54 de ladite partie intérieure 32. Au moins un joint d'étanchéité 48 est serré entre ledit premier épaulement 42 et ledit autre épaulement 52.In the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9, said first section of the shouldered drilling (i.e. the non-tapped section) has another shoulder 52 cooperating with a second shoulder 54 of said part interior 32. At least one seal 48 is clamped between said first shoulder 42 and said other shoulder 52.

Dans l'exemple représenté et comme on le voit plus en détail sur la figure 9, une bague anti-extrusion 50 est accolée au joint 48 et l'ensemble est serré entre ces deux épaulements.In the example shown and as seen in more detail in the figure 9, an anti-extrusion ring 50 is attached to the joint 48 and the assembly is tightened between these two shoulders.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 10 et 11, la partie intérieure 32 est encore séparée de la partie filetée 36 et le bord interne de l'épaulement du perçage épaulé est chanfreiné (chanfrein 45a) pour définir un espace élargi, ici tronconique, avec ladite partie intérieure 32, notamment son épaulement 42 (précédemment appelé premier épaulement) et un joint 56 à une forme adaptée (joint annulaire à section triangulaire) pour occuper cet espace annulaire tronconique.In the embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, the internal part 32 is further separated from the threaded part 36 and the internal edge of the shoulder of the shouldered hole is chamfered (chamfer 45 a ) to define an enlarged space, here frustoconical, with said inner part 32, in particular its shoulder 42 (previously called the first shoulder) and a seal 56 with a suitable shape (annular seal with triangular section) to occupy this frustoconical annular space.

Dans tous les modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, la face extérieure du second tronçon comporte une empreinte 58 adaptée pour recevoir un outil de vissage.In all the embodiments which have just been described, the face outside of the second section has a footprint 58 adapted to receive a screwing tool.

Dans les exemples décrits, il s'agit d'une empreinte formant trou à six pans. D'autres formes équivalentes pourraient convenir.In the examples described, it is an impression forming a six-hole sections. Other equivalent forms may be suitable.

Il est à noter que l'assemblage vissé entre ledit corps et l'agencement de bouchage s'est révélé avantageux sur le plan du prix de revient d'un tel dispositif. De façon surprenante, la résistance d'un tel montage à la pression interne s'est révélée exceptionnelle. Des essais ont permis de montrer qu'un tel dispositif était susceptible d'admettre des pressions internes de plus du double de la pression maximum nécessaire pour l'alimentation d'un moteur Diesel à injection directe sous haute pression.It should be noted that the screw connection between said body and the arrangement of capping has proven advantageous in terms of the cost price of such device. Surprisingly, the resistance of such an assembly to pressure internal has been exceptional. Tests have shown that such a device was likely to admit internal pressures of more than double of the maximum pressure necessary for the supply of a Diesel engine to direct injection under high pressure.

Enfin, la mise au point du dispositif a révélé que le volume de la cavité pouvait être très inférieur à ce qui est pratiqué habituellement et qui est d'ailleurs nécessaire en raison de la forme tubulaire allongée des dispositifs d'admission classiques. En fait, on a pu mettre en évidence que le volume réduit de la cavité (favorable à une bonne fermeture étanche de l'agencement de bouchage) pouvait être réduite bien en deçà des valeurs habituelles sans perturber la distribution.Finally, the development of the device revealed that the volume of the cavity could be much lower than what is usually practiced and which is elsewhere necessary due to the elongated tubular shape of the intake devices classics. In fact, we were able to demonstrate that the reduced volume of the cavity (favorable to good sealing of the closure arrangement) could be reduced well below the usual values without disturbing the distribution.

Dans le mode de réalisation dont la description va suivre, les éléments de structure semblables à ceux des modes de réalisation précédents sont repérés par la même référence numérique avec a en indice.In the embodiment whose description will follow, structural elements similar to those of the preceding embodiments are identified by the same reference numeral with a in subscript.

La figure 12 illustre un autre mode de réalisation dans lequel la cavité 17a a une forme légèrement différente. Au lieu d'une sphère, la forme est approximativement ovoïde ou à profil légèrement oblong ; elle présente néanmoins un axe de symétrie y-y qui est aussi celui dudit perçage épaulé 22a. Plus précisément, selon ce mode de réalisation, la partie de la cavité définie dans le corps creux 12a comporte une partie d'extrémité sensiblement sphérique 70, prolongée par une portion cylindrique 71 (par exemple de l'ordre de 12 à 20 mm de long) dans laquelle débouchent les accès 14a. Cette portion cylindrique se prolonge elle-même par un col 72 dont la section diminue progressivement vers l'extérieur. Ce col se prolonge par ledit perçage épaulé dont le tronçon intérieur comporte une portion cylindrique 73 puis, une portée tronconique 74 s'élargissant vers l'épaulement. La portée tronconique 74 se termine dans le plan de l'épaulement 26a.12 illustrates another embodiment in which the cavity 17 has a slightly different shape. Instead of a sphere, the shape is approximately ovoid or slightly oblong in profile; it nevertheless has a symmetry axis yy which is also that of said shouldered bore 22a. More specifically, according to this embodiment, the part of the cavity defined in the hollow body 12 a comprises a substantially spherical end part 70, extended by a cylindrical portion 71 (for example of the order of 12 to 20 mm long) into which the accesses 14 a . This cylindrical portion is itself extended by a neck 72, the section of which gradually decreases towards the outside. This neck is extended by said shouldered bore, the inner section of which comprises a cylindrical portion 73 then, a frustoconical bearing 74 widening towards the shoulder. The frustoconical bearing 74 ends in the plane of the shoulder 26 a .

De façon semblable aux modes de réalisation des figures 5 et 8 et 9, l'agencement de bouchage 30a comporte deux parties séparées. La cavité est fermée par une partie intérieure 32a engagée dans le premier tronçon ; elle constitue une partie de la face interne de la cavité 17a. Cette partie intérieure est maintenue en place par une partie filetée 36a vissée dans ledit second tronçon 29a, fileté à cet effet.Similarly to the embodiments of Figures 5 and 8 and 9, the arrangement of closure 30a includes two separate parts. The cavity is closed by an inner portion 32 has engaged in the first section; it forms part of the internal face of the cavity 17 a . This inner part is held in place by a threaded part 36a screwed into said second section 29 a , threaded for this purpose.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la partie intérieure de l'agencement de bouchage a la forme générale d'une pastille relativement épaisse munie d'une portion périphérique tronconique 79 venant s'appliquer contre la portée tronconique 74 définie plus haut. La partie filetée comporte une creusure dans laquelle s'encastre la partie intérieure 32a qui forme une sorte d'obturateur à portée conique.In this embodiment, the inner part of the closure arrangement has the general shape of a relatively thick pellet provided with a frustoconical peripheral portion 79 which comes to bear against the frustoconical bearing surface 74 defined above. The threaded part has a recess in which the inner part 32 a is embedded, which forms a sort of shutter with a conical bearing.

L'étanchéité est assurée par le contact serré des surfaces tronconiques 74 et 79. Cependant, un joint d'étanchéité supplémentaire (non représenté) relativement compressible peut être intercalé entre l'épaulement 26a pratiqué dans le corps 12a et la face d'extrémité de la partie filetée 36a.The seal is ensured by the tight contact of the frustoconical surfaces 74 and 79. However, an additional seal (not shown) relatively compressible can be interposed between the shoulder 26 a formed in the body 12 a and the face of end of the threaded part 36 a .

Les accès 14a sont ici respectivement définis dans des prolongements massifs dudit corps, lesquels prolongements forment des embouts de raccordement 80. Chaque accès comporte un trou de faible section 19a débouchant dans un plan sensiblement équatorial de la cavité (perpendiculaire à l'axe y-y). Il s'ouvre à l'extérieur par une embouchure conique 81 et l'embout 80 comporte un filetage externe 84 à sa portion d'extrémité.The accesses 14 a are here respectively defined in massive extensions of said body, which extensions form connection end pieces 80. Each access comprises a hole of small section 19 a opening in a substantially equatorial plane of the cavity (perpendicular to the axis yy ). It opens to the outside via a conical mouthpiece 81 and the endpiece 80 has an external thread 84 at its end portion.

Sur la figure 13, l'un des embouts est représenté équipé d'un capteur de pression 82. Le filetage extérieur peut s'avérer avantageux.In FIG. 13, one of the end pieces is shown equipped with a pressure 82. External threading can be advantageous.

En effet, si au serrage du raccord du conduit, des petites particules métalliques sont arrachées, celles-ci ne risquent pas d'être entraínées vers le système d'admission à la mise en service du distributeur.Indeed, if when tightening the pipe connection, small particles metal are torn off, they are not likely to be dragged towards the distributor intake system.

Claims (20)

  1. A fuel distribution device for feeding the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising a hollow body (12) in the wall of which are provided ports (14) intended to be connected in particular to a source for feeding fuel under pressure and to a plurality of injectors for feeding said cylinders, said hollow body (12) comprising a part (18) of a cavity (17) and a bore (22) characterised in that engaged in the bore is a plugging arrangement (30) constituting a part of the internal face of said cavity and which extends between said cavity part and an orifice (24) of the body, that the cavity is at least approximately spherical or of an oblong profile, that said bore (22) is shouldered, extending substantially radially between said cavity part and said orifice (24) of the body and comprising, separated by a shoulder (26), a first internal portion (28) communicating with said cavity part and a second screwthreaded external portion (29), and that the plugging arrangement (30) for said bore comprises an internal part (32) engaged in said first portion constituting the part of the internal face of said cavity and a screwthreaded part (36) screwed into said second portion.
  2. A device according to claim 1 characterised in that a face of said internal part of the plugging arrangement comprises a recess (34) completing said cavity.
  3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that a seal (40) is interposed between said plugging arrangement and said bore.
  4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that said internal part of the plugging arrangement is separated from said screwthreaded part thereof.
  5. A device according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that said internal part comprises a first shoulder (42) co-operating with that of said bore.
  6. A device according to one of claims 4 and 5 characterised in that a seal (48) is accommodated in an annular groove provided on a cylindrical portion of said internal part.
  7. A device according to claim 6 characterised in that said annular groove further accommodates an anti-extrusion ring (50) adjoining said seal.
  8. A device according to claim 5 characterised in that said first portion of said shouldered bore comprises another shoulder (52) co-operating with a second shoulder (54) of said internal part of the plugging arrangement, a seal being gripped between said second shoulder and said other shoulder.
  9. A device according to claim 5 characterised in that the internal edge of the shoulder of said shouldered bore is chamfered (45) to define an enlarged annular space with said first shoulder of said internal part and that the device comprises a seal of a shape adapted to occupy said enlarged annular space.
  10. A device according to claim 5 characterised in that an at least relatively flat seal (40) is interposed between the shoulder of said bore and said first shoulder of said internal part.
  11. A device according to claim 10 characterised in that the internal edge of the shoulder of said shouldered bore is chamfered (45) to define an enlarged annular space with said first shoulder of said internal part and that said at least relatively flat seal comprises an annular over-thickness in the vicinity of its internal edge, which is adapted to occupy said enlarged annular space.
  12. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that said internal part and said screwthreaded part of the plugging arrangement form a single component.
  13. A device according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the external face of the screwthreaded part of the plugging arrangement comprises a recess (58) adapted to receive a screwing tool, for example a recess forming a hexagonal hole.
  14. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that said internal portion of said shouldered bore comprises a frustoconical surface (74) which enlarges towards the shoulder and that said internal part of said plugging arrangement comprises a frustoconical portion (79) which bears against said frustoconical surface.
  15. A device according to either one of claim 1 and claim 14 characterised in that said body comprises connecting nozzles (80) each provided with an external screwthread (84) at its end portion.
  16. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 characterised in that ports are provided on a ring in one piece with said hollow body.
  17. A device according to claim 16 characterised in that said ring has a median plane coincident with a transverse plane of symmetry of the cavity.
  18. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 17 characterised in that the cavity has an axis of symmetry which is also that of said shouldered bore.
  19. A device according to claim 18 characterised in that the cavity part defined in the hollow body comprises a substantially spherical end part prolonged by a cylindrical portion.
  20. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 17 characterised in that the cavity is substantially spherical.
EP99919346A 1998-05-19 1999-05-18 Fuel dispensing device for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0998631B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9806306A FR2778950B1 (en) 1998-05-19 1998-05-19 FUEL DISTRIBUTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR9806306 1998-05-19
PCT/FR1999/001180 WO1999060263A1 (en) 1998-05-19 1999-05-18 Fuel dispensing device for an internal combustion engine

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EP0998631A1 EP0998631A1 (en) 2000-05-10
EP0998631B1 true EP0998631B1 (en) 2004-07-28

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EP (1) EP0998631B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002515563A (en)
AT (1) ATE272171T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2296757C (en)
DE (1) DE69918926T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2226381T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2778950B1 (en)
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ATE313710T1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2006-01-15 Delphi Tech Inc CONNECTION ARRANGEMENT
DE19948257A1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert High pressure fuel reservoir for common-rail fuel injection system for autombile engine has spherical base body formed in 2 or more parts welded together and secured by mechanical fixings
DE19949962A1 (en) * 1999-10-16 2001-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel high pressure storage for a common-rail fuel injection system of IC engine with hollow basic body which is equipped with several connection openings
DE10056405B4 (en) * 2000-11-14 2005-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh High-pressure fuel accumulator for a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
DE10247524B4 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-08-12 Siemens Ag Fuel distributor
US7666074B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2010-02-23 Mpsc, Inc. Meat processing
JP4592661B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2010-12-01 本田技研工業株式会社 Fuel injection device
DE102007018471A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Intersection between a high pressure chamber and a high pressure channel
EP4112914A1 (en) * 2021-06-29 2023-01-04 Volvo Truck Corporation Fuel conduit connection assembly for a vehicle

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IT1238509B (en) 1989-11-07 1993-08-18 Weber Srl HIGH PRESSURE FUEL MANIFOLD SUITABLE TO BE INSERTED BETWEEN A FUEL SUPPLY PUMP AND AT LEAST AN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY OPERATED FUEL INJECTION VALVE
US5471959A (en) * 1994-08-31 1995-12-05 Sturman; Oded E. Pump control module
DE19647049A1 (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection system
US6096119A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-08-01 Trion, Inc. Apparatus for using ferrite spacers to suppress arc noise in electrostatic precipitators

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CA2296757C (en) 2009-02-03
DE69918926T2 (en) 2005-08-11
JP2002515563A (en) 2002-05-28
PT998631E (en) 2004-12-31
CA2296757A1 (en) 1999-11-25
FR2778950A1 (en) 1999-11-26
US6196192B1 (en) 2001-03-06
DE69918926D1 (en) 2004-09-02
EP0998631A1 (en) 2000-05-10
ATE272171T1 (en) 2004-08-15
ES2226381T3 (en) 2005-03-16
FR2778950B1 (en) 2000-08-11
WO1999060263A1 (en) 1999-11-25

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