EP0996994B1 - Electric machine having a commutator - Google Patents
Electric machine having a commutator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0996994B1 EP0996994B1 EP99927703A EP99927703A EP0996994B1 EP 0996994 B1 EP0996994 B1 EP 0996994B1 EP 99927703 A EP99927703 A EP 99927703A EP 99927703 A EP99927703 A EP 99927703A EP 0996994 B1 EP0996994 B1 EP 0996994B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- brush
- brushes
- lubricant
- electric machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
- H01R39/22—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof incorporating lubricating or polishing ingredient
Definitions
- a collector for such an electrical machine is made by injecting a thermoplastic material into a substantially tubular blank of copper and sawing the blank at regular circumferentially measured distances whereby the collector receives grooves and louvers electrically isolated from each other. These grooves also extend into the thermoplastic material.
- Such a collector associated brushes are generally provided on their collector facing the end face with grooves extending in the circumferential direction of the collector, for the purpose that when first switching on the electric machine relatively much abrasion occurs, so that the brushes on said end faces as quickly as possible the outer contour of the collector can be adjusted.
- a quick run-in process is desired to increase the initial small contact areas of the brushes rapidly, thereby decreasing the electrical current per pad unit.
- the wear occurring during the running-in process from the brushes and also from the copper of the collector fins is electrically conductive and, therefore, when it enters the grooves between the collector fins and accumulates there, can lead to parasitic current flow from the collector fins to the collector fins.
- If according to the publication DE 31 31 759 C2 spraying the collector with an oily lubricant promotes the accumulation and sticking of conductive abrasion in the slots. Strong current flow through accumulated abrasion can in principle cause a "burn away" of the accumulated abrasion and thus a kind of thermal cleaning of the grooves. But such strong currents only occur when the electrical machine is under heavy load.
- the US-A 3,714,482 shows a brush having an electric machine.
- the document discloses the treatment of the brush with an octadecylamine in conjunction with a hydrohalogen radical.
- the reaction product of this compound is a salt which remains in crystalline form on the brush.
- the electrical machine with the characterizing features of claim 1 and also the method with the characterizing features of claim 2 provide the advantage that an oil-free or lubricant-free collector is installed in the electric machine and that a supply of oily lubricant using the at least one Brush as a storage container in the electric machine can be introduced.
- the goal is to keep the supply of .öligem lubricant so low that it is sufficient for the period of adaptation of the brush faces to the curvature of the collector plates and for smoothing the collector plates in frictional contact with the brushes.
- the oily lubricant can be sprayed onto the end face of the respective brush, wherein the amount assigned to the brush can be determined, for example, by the spraying time.
- the alternative according to claim 4 is used when the oily lubricant per se is relatively viscous and the penetration depth of this lubricant into the brush is to be controlled.
- the claim 5 relates to a brush whose characteristic features provide for lubricant supply in an electric machine with collector.
- FIG. 1 a longitudinal section through the electric machine with collector and brushes
- FIG. 2 an end view of the collector and the associated brushes
- FIG. 3 a detail of the brushes used, for example.
- the in the FIG. 1 schematically illustrated electric machine 2 has, for example, a first cup-shaped housing part 3 and a second cup-shaped housing part 4, in the cup-shaped housing part 3 accommodated permanent magnets 5, 6, an armature 7 rotatable between the permanent magnets 5 and 6, and a collector 7 associated with the armature 7, a shaft 9 which carries the armature 7 and the collector and thereby rotationally connected to each other, a sliding bearing 10 adjacent to the collector 8 and at a distance from it
- the sliding bearing 10 consists for example of a plain bearing bush 12 and a shaft bearing 13 mounted in the plain bearing bushing 13, which in the embodiment forms a pin-like end of the generally designated wave 9 here.
- the plain bearing bush 12 is sintered, for example, according to the prior art, for example made of metal or a mixture of metals and impregnated with an oily lubricant.
- the plain bearing bush 12 is held by a bearing plate 14, which is integrally formed, for example, on the housing part 4.
- another bearing plate 15 is integrally formed on the housing part 3 and also receives a sintered plain bearing bush 16.
- Another shaft portion 17 rotatably extends within the sintered bearing bush 16, whereby the shaft portion 17 and the sintered bearing bush 16 form the sliding bearing 11.
- the shaft portion 17 carries, for example, an unillustrated impeller or fan.
- the collector 8 Assigned to the collector 8 are in the example two brushes 19, 20, which are pressed, for example according to the prior art either partially made of coal or predominantly of metal powder or alloys.
- the mechanical guidance of the brushes 19 and 20 is to be made electrical contact by means of brush holders 21 and 22.
- brush holders 21 and 22 In addition, it should be noted that occasionally three or more brushes the collector 8 are assigned.
- a dust cover 25 may be disposed between the collector 8 and the plain bearing bush 12.
- the collector 8 has rotationally fixed on the shaft 9 an insulating support body 26 and supported by this number of fins 27, which consist of copper or a copper alloy.
- the collector 8 can be produced from a substantially tubular blank, into which the insulating support body can be injected from thermoplastic material, whereupon by arranging grooves 28 from said tubular blank in the FIG. 2 shown individual slats 27 arise.
- the FIG. 2 For example, eight fins are shown. Deviating from this, the designer can choose a different number of slats.
- each of the two Brushes 19, 20 prepared on a graphically marked part length 19a and 20a with an example oily lubricant.
- This oily lubricant the selection of which can be left to the skilled person for the combination of collector and brushes, for example, long before the installation of the brush 19, 20 in the electric machine 2 can be sprayed undiluted or diluted or applied in any other way.
- the skilled person for such brushes 19, 20 has a choice between several methods for attaching or introducing a favorable for the purpose of stock of oily lubricant to the end faces 19, 20 or through this through into partial lengths 19a, 20a of the brushes 19, 20.
- FIG. 3 is another figure for the brush 20 included.
- the brush 20 opposite the FIG. 2 turned by 90 degrees.
- grooves 31 can be seen, which are aligned in the circumferential direction of the collector 8.
- These grooves 31 serve, as already mentioned in the introduction, a rapid adjustment of the curvature of the end faces 29 and 30 of the brushes 19 and 20 to the outer shape of the fins 27 with the aim of rapidly creating a contact surface in the circumferential direction of the Collector 8 of the associated dimension of the brush 19, 20 corresponds.
- Such grooves 31, when incorporated into the brushes 19, 20 prior to the application or application of oily lubricant, are also useful as storage containers for the oily lubricant.
Landscapes
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Description
Durch die Druckschrift
Ein Kollektor für eine solche elektrische Maschine wird beispielsweise hergestellt durch Einspritzen eines thermoplastischen Werkstoffes in einen im wesentlichen rohrartigen Rohling aus Kupfer und durch Zersägen des Rohlings in regelmäßigen in Umfangsrichtung zu messenden Abständen, wodurch der Kollektor Nuten und elektrisch voneinander isolierte Lamellen erhält. Dabei erstrecken sich diese Nuten auch hinein in den thermoplastischen Werkstoff. Einem solchen Kollektor zugeordnete Bürsten werden im allgemeinen auf ihrer dem Kollektor zugekehrten Stirnseite mit in Umfangsrichtung des Kollektors verlaufenden Rillen versehen, zu dem Zweck, daß beim ersten Einschalten der elektrischen Maschine relativ viel Abrieb entsteht, so daß die Bürsten an den genannten Stirnseiten möglichst schnell an die Außenkontur des Kollektors angepaßt werden. Ein schneller Einlaufvorgang ist erwünscht, damit die ursprünglich kleinen Kontaktflächen der Bürsten rasch größer werden und dadurch die elektrische Stromstärke je Kontaktflächeneinheit abnimmt. Der beim Einlaufvorgang anfallende Abrieb von den Bürsten und aber auch vom Kupfer der Kollektorlamellen ist elektrisch leitfähig und kann deshalb, wenn er in die Nuten zwischen den Kollektorlamellen gelangt und dort angesammelt wird, zu parasitärem Stromfluß von Kollektorlamelle zu Kollektorlamelle führen. Wenn gemäß der Druckschrift
Ein Beispiel für eine Bürste, die einen schnellen Einlaufvorgang ermöglicht, ist bekannt durch die
Durch die
Die
Die elektrische Maschine mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und auch das Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 ergeben den Vorteil, daß ein ölfreier bzw. schmiermittelfreier Kollektor in die elektrische Maschine einbaubar ist und daß ein Vorrat von öligem Schmiermittel unter Verwendung der wenigstens einen Bürste als Vorratsbehältnis in die elektrische Maschine einbringbar ist. Hierbei ist das Ziel, den Vorrat an.öligem Schmiermittel so gering zu halten, daß er für die Zeit der Anpassung der Bürstenstirnseiten an die Krümmung der Kollektorlamellen und zur Glättung der Kollektorlamellen im Reibkontakt mit den Bürsten ausreicht. Nach einem solchen sogenannten Einlaufen der Kombination aus Kollektorlamellen und Bürsten ist also das von den Bürsten gehaltene ölige Schmiermittel aufbrauchbar, so daß der hauptsächliche Teil der Betriebsdauer der elektrischen Maschine unter Entstehung von Bürstenabrieb ohne nachteiliges Beisein von öligem Schmiermittel abläuft. Dementsprechend gering ist die Gefahr, daß die zwischen den Kollektorlamellen befindlichen Nuten mit leitfähigem Abrieb gegebenenfalls auf Dauer gefüllt werden und parasitäre Ströme leiten.The electrical machine with the characterizing features of claim 1 and also the method with the characterizing features of claim 2 provide the advantage that an oil-free or lubricant-free collector is installed in the electric machine and that a supply of oily lubricant using the at least one Brush as a storage container in the electric machine can be introduced. Here, the goal is to keep the supply of .öligem lubricant so low that it is sufficient for the period of adaptation of the brush faces to the curvature of the collector plates and for smoothing the collector plates in frictional contact with the brushes. After such a so-called shrinking of the combination of collector blades and brushes so the oily lubricant held by the brush is unusable, so that the main part of the operating life of the electric machine under formation Brush abrasion without adverse presence of oily lubricant expires. Accordingly low is the risk that the grooves located between the collector fins are optionally filled with conductive abrasion permanently and conduct parasitic currents.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind alternative Möglichkeiten zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem Anspruch 2 angegeben. Beispielsweise kann das ölige Schmiermittel stirnseitig auf die jeweilige Bürste aufgesprüht werden, wobei die der Bürste zugeordnete Menge beispielsweise durch die Sprühdauer bestimmbar ist. Die Alternative gemäß dem Anspruch 4 wird verwendet, wenn das ölige Schmiermittel an sich verhältnismäßig dickflüssig ist und die Eindringtiefe dieses Schmiermittels in die Bürste zu steuern ist. Der Anspruch 5 betrifft eine Bürste, deren kennzeichnende Merkmale für Schmiermittelvorrat in einer elektrischen Maschine mit Kollektor sorgen.The measures listed in the dependent claims alternative options for carrying out the method according to claim 2 are given. For example, the oily lubricant can be sprayed onto the end face of the respective brush, wherein the amount assigned to the brush can be determined, for example, by the spraying time. The alternative according to claim 4 is used when the oily lubricant per se is relatively viscous and the penetration depth of this lubricant into the brush is to be controlled. The
Die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und nachfolgend im einzelnen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
Die in der
Dem Kollektor 8 zugeordnet sind im Beispiel zwei Bürsten 19, 20, die beispielsweise gemäß dem Stand der Technik entweder teilweise aus Kohle oder überwiegend aus Metallpulver oder Legierungen gepreßt sind. Die mechanische Führung der Bürsten 19 und 20 soll ihre elektrische Kontaktierung erfolgen mittels Bürstenhaltern 21 und 22. Ergänzend wird darauf hingewiesen, daß fallweise auch drei oder mehr Bürsten dem Kollektor 8 zuordenbar sind.Assigned to the collector 8 are in the example two
Auf der Welle 9 kann zwischen dem Kollektor 8 und der Gleitlagerbuchse 12 eine Staubschutzscheibe 25 angeordnet sein.On the
Gemäß der
In der
An sich genügt es, wenn eine der beiden Bürsten 19 oder 20 mit einem Vorrat von öligem Schmiermittel versehen wird, weil alle Kollektorlamellen 27 von dieser präparierten Bürste ausgehend mit dem Schmierstoff in Kontakt geraten. Wenn beide Bürsten 19 und 20 mit je einem Vorrat von Schmierstoff versehen und eingebaut werden, ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß nur eine Art von Bürsten auf Vorrat zu halten ist. Bei jeder der Bürsten, die mit Schmierstoff versehen ist, ist sichergestellt, daß auch jede elektrische Maschine im Sinne der Erfindung geschmiert ist.In itself, it is sufficient if one of the two
In der
Claims (4)
- Electrical machine (2) having a combination of a commutator (8), at least one brush (19, 20) and a supply of oily lubricant which provides lubrication between the commutator (8) and the at least one brush (19, 20), characterized in that at least one of the brushes (19 and/or 20) contains the supply on or in a collector-side end side (29, 30) or a partial length (19a, 20a) of this brush (19, 20) which begins at the collector-side end side (29, 30).
- Method for producing an electrical machine (2) having a commutator (8) and at least one brush (19, 20) and a supply of oily lubricant, according to Claim 1, characterized in that, before being installed in the electrical machine (2), at least one of the brushes (19, 20) contains at least some of the supply of the lubricant in the region of an end side (29, 30) which is intended to make contact with the collector (8).
- Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the oily lubricant is sprayed on.
- Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the oily lubricant is mixed with a solvent and sprayed on.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998118113 DE19818113A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Electric machine with commutator, carbon brushes and lubricating oil |
DE19818113 | 1998-04-23 | ||
PCT/DE1999/001206 WO1999056355A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1999-04-22 | Electric machine having a commutator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0996994A1 EP0996994A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
EP0996994B1 true EP0996994B1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
Family
ID=7865526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99927703A Expired - Lifetime EP0996994B1 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1999-04-22 | Electric machine having a commutator |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0996994B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002506608A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9906393A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19818113A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2326604T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999056355A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7423359B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-09-09 | Moog Inc. | Fluid-dispensing reservoir for large-diameter slip rings |
JP6267912B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2018-01-24 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | Metal-carbon brush and method for producing the same |
DE102023102684A1 (en) | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Power transmission unit of an electrical machine, method for operating and use of a power transmission unit |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1568774A (en) * | 1923-05-17 | 1926-01-05 | Sparks Withington Co | Brush |
DE2025216A1 (en) * | 1970-05-23 | 1971-12-02 | Carbone Ag | Brush for electric motors and dynamos |
US3714482A (en) * | 1971-10-27 | 1973-01-30 | Motorola Inc | Brush wear inhibitor for dynamoelectric machines |
DE2461294B2 (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1978-07-27 | Schunk & Ebe Gmbh, 6301 Lahn | Process for the production of a carbon sliding body |
GB1591349A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1981-06-17 | Schunk & Ebe Gmbh | Carbon brush for electrical machines |
DE2856112A1 (en) * | 1978-12-23 | 1980-07-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ELECTRICAL MACHINE, ESPECIALLY ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH A COLLECTOR AND AT LEAST ONE GRINDING BRUSH APPLIED TO THIS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE GRINDING BRUSH |
JPS5734749A (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-25 | Sony Corp | Commutator for motor |
-
1998
- 1998-04-23 DE DE1998118113 patent/DE19818113A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-04-22 ES ES99927703T patent/ES2326604T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-22 WO PCT/DE1999/001206 patent/WO1999056355A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-04-22 DE DE59915049T patent/DE59915049D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-22 JP JP55350999A patent/JP2002506608A/en active Pending
- 1999-04-22 BR BR9906393-0A patent/BR9906393A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-22 EP EP99927703A patent/EP0996994B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59915049D1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
EP0996994A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
ES2326604T3 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
BR9906393A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
JP2002506608A (en) | 2002-02-26 |
DE19818113A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
WO1999056355A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
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