EP0988463A1 - Hydraulic transmitter with incorporated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter - Google Patents

Hydraulic transmitter with incorporated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter

Info

Publication number
EP0988463A1
EP0988463A1 EP99915795A EP99915795A EP0988463A1 EP 0988463 A1 EP0988463 A1 EP 0988463A1 EP 99915795 A EP99915795 A EP 99915795A EP 99915795 A EP99915795 A EP 99915795A EP 0988463 A1 EP0988463 A1 EP 0988463A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
piston
levers
hydraulic
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99915795A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Tobiasz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Embrayages SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9804574A external-priority patent/FR2777330B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9804573A external-priority patent/FR2777329B1/en
Application filed by Valeo SE filed Critical Valeo SE
Publication of EP0988463A1 publication Critical patent/EP0988463A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
    • B60T11/22—Master control, e.g. master cylinders characterised by being integral with reservoir
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/088—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members being distinctly separate from the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/12—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types
    • F16D25/126—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types adjustment for wear or play

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic circuit, in particular a clutch. More particularly, it relates to a transmitting device, capable of transmitting hydraulically a control order to a receiving device.
  • the master cylinder comprises two main parts which are, on the one hand, a cylinder-piston assembly, the piston of which is actuated by a pedal, for example a clutch, and, on the other hand, a fluid reservoir hydraulic, intended to compensate for variations in the volume of the fluid due to wear of the clutch linings or to possible leaks in the hydraulic circuit.
  • a pedal for example a clutch
  • a fluid reservoir hydraulic intended to compensate for variations in the volume of the fluid due to wear of the clutch linings or to possible leaks in the hydraulic circuit.
  • Devices of this kind are for example described in the document FR-A-2 522 757. They generally comprise, between the reservoir and the hydraulic chamber defined by the cylinder and in which the piston moves, a non-return means allowing the circuit to be refilled in the rest position and the circuit to be pressurized.
  • the seals ensuring the tightness of the pressure chamber often consist of a seal carried by the piston or, as in the above document, of a flexible membrane disposed between the piston and the cylinder; the central part of this membrane, fixed by its periphery to the cylinder, follows the longitudinal movements of the piston during clutch and disengage actions.
  • These joints are subjected on one of their faces to a fluid environment, and on the other to an atmospheric environment which results in a dry and often polluted surface. This difference in environment and the action of the pressure lead these seals to a relatively limited life, which is the source of potentially dangerous leaks, here for the user of the vehicle. 2
  • the receiving devices placed at the end of the hydraulic circuit, for example in line with the clutch bearing, are in principle of operation and of design substantially identical to those of the transmitters. They naturally present the same problems of implementation in traditional technology.
  • the invention relates to a transmitting device for a hydraulic circuit making it possible to ensure optimal conditions for the reliable operation of the seal and also to prevent its premature wear and aging, and therefore to ensure a lasting seal, where increased operational safety for this critical member, especially when fitted to a rolling vehicle.
  • the transmitter device is simple and economical to manufacture.
  • the invention provides a transmitter for hydraulic control, intended to be controlled by a control member and comprising a hydraulic chamber, in which a piston is mounted slidingly sealed, thanks to a seal which it carries, and defines therein.
  • a pressure chamber of variable volume connected to a hydraulic pipe, a hydraulic fluid tank connected to said pressure chamber by at least one passage, means preventing the return of fluid to the tank (6) during the pressurization of the pipe , a means of transmitting the movement of the control member to the piston, characterized in that the hydraulic chamber is extended along its longitudinal axis by a reserve volume, adapted to receive the piston in its rest position, when the circuit n is not pressurized, said reserve volume containing hydraulic fluid to a level sufficient for the seal to be embedded therein, the hydraulic chamber and the e reserve volume being provided in a single housing, and in that the transmission means consists of at least two parts, one of which is internal to the housing and connected to the piston, the other of which 3 is external to the housing, the two parts being connected by means passing through the
  • the piston and therefore the seal which it carries is completely and durably submerged in the hydraulic fluid.
  • the reserve volume is adapted to contain hydraulic fluid up to a normal level of fluid to constitute the re-supply reservoir of the hydraulic pipe.
  • the part internal to the housing crosses the free surface of the liquid and the means passing through the housing crosses the latter above the level of the liquid.
  • the seals ensuring the tightness of the pressure chamber during the pressurization of the circuit are immersed in the hydraulic fluid, on one side within the pressure chamber, the other within the tank, which ensures perfect lubrication and eliminates pollution and the action of air, therefore wear and aging of the seal. It is also understood that one can be satisfied here with a seal closing the pressure chamber of the simple type, any marginal fluid leaks out of the pressure chamber being here "recycled", the fluid then simply returning to the tank. of fluid. This obviously contributes to savings on the choice of seals of the emitting device, while increasing overall reliability.
  • this arrangement also prevents the entry of air bubbles and polluting particles in the hydraulic circuit in the opposite direction, insofar as the cylinder is completely immersed in the fluid.
  • the means for transmitting the movements of the piston comprises three levers secured to a free shaft rotating around a horizontal axis and passing through the side walls of the housing above the normal level of fluid in the reserve volume, one of the said internal levers being included in the tank and the two other so-called external levers being outside the housing, on either side of the latter.
  • Such a symmetrical arrangement leads to a symmetry of the forces avoiding parasitic reactions on the axis A of articulation of the levers;
  • the hydraulic chamber and the reserve volume are integrated into the housing, which is substantially symmetrical along a vertical plane comprising the longitudinal axis of the pressure chamber, the side walls of the housing being mainly vertical, and the three levers being of geometry identical; - the three levers have identical lengths to further reduce parasitic reactions on the A axis;
  • connection of the levers on the shaft advantageously comprises bushes fitted on the shaft between these levers;
  • the sockets are ratchet sockets made of a harder material than that of the levers and on which the levers are embedded;
  • the housing has on the outer faces of its side walls ribs forming stops to limit the maximum amplitude of the movements of the levers. 5
  • These different arrangements are adapted to allow a simple implementation of a two-part transmission means whose connection between the two parts is arranged outside the hydraulic fluid, here above the normal level of the fluid in the reservoir.
  • the rotary seals ensuring the seal between the internal part of the control device and the external part work at a low amplitude, which is favorable to simplicity of manufacture, at low cost and to an extended service life.
  • the piston preferably has a head in the form of a spherical crown taking into account the maximum tilting angle of the piston, due to the trajectory of its rear part by which it is connected to the internal lever;
  • the passages connecting the reservoir to the pressure chamber are ridges cut into the interior wall of the cylindrical chamber at its outlet in the reserve volume, these ridges being in the direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical chamber ;
  • the passages connecting the reservoir to the pressure chamber are ridges formed on the external periphery of a ring fitted in a recess formed inside the housing at the entrance to the cylindrical chamber with which they communicate by axial play ;
  • At least the ends of the grooves are arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical chamber in a manner corresponding to the rest position of the piston;
  • the means preventing the return of fluid to the tank during the pressurization of the circuit is constituted by the seal;
  • the seal is a simple technology seal, for example O-ring or rectangular section, placed in line with the ends of the grooves when the piston is in the rest position.
  • the invention also relates to a hydraulic control comprising a transmitter as above, advantageously associated with a hydraulic receiver of structure similar to that of the transmitter.
  • the hydraulic control comprises a receiver comprising a hydraulic chamber, a piston mounted to slide in the hydraulic chamber in order to define there a pressure chamber of variable volume connected to the hydraulic pipe, a means of transmitting the movements of the piston to the outside, means for sealing the pressure chamber, said receiver being characterized in that the pressure chamber is extended along its longitudinal axis by a downstream volume adapted to receive the piston in its pressure position, when the circuit is pressurized, the chamber cylindrical and the downstream volume being integrated in a single housing, and the transmission means consists of at least two parts, one of which is internal to the housing and the other of which is external to the housing, the two parts being connected by means passing through the wall of the housing in a sealed manner.
  • the transmission means comprises three levers secured to a free shaft rotating around a horizontal axis passing through the side walls of the housing, one of the so-called internal levers being located in the housing and the other two so-called external levers , external to the case, being symmetrical and of length greater than that of the internal lever.
  • the control is a hydraulic clutch control
  • the clutch comprises elastic tightening means and declutching means constituted by declutching levers and, a declutching stop intended to act on the end of the declutching levers for the 7 declutching the clutch being provided
  • the helical spring subjects the internal lever to a force such that, by means of the external levers, the clutch release bearing is in contact with the clutch release levers, the elastic means of tightening the clutch having a load much higher than that of the helical spring.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the transmitter, according to ll-ll of Figure 5;
  • - Figure 3 is a diagram showing the path of the piston in the housing;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view showing the replenishment streaks of the hydraulic fluid circuit
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along V-V of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 and shows an alternative embodiment;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view along VII-VII of Figure 6, without the piston;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the receiver according to VIII-VIII of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 9 is a partially sectional view of the receiver, in front view.
  • a hydraulic device comprises a transmitter 1 and a receiver 2, between which is installed a pipe 3 of hydraulic fluid transmitting the volume variations created in 8 the transmitter 1, under the effect of a control means 4, to the receiver 2.
  • the receiver 2 is intended to actuate consequently any mechanical device, for example here a clutch 5.
  • the emitter 1 mainly consists of a piston 8, sliding in a cylindrical hydraulic chamber 9, and therefore defining therein a variable volume intended to contain a hydraulic fluid.
  • the piston 8 is naturally removed from the bottom of the chamber 9 by a spring 1 0, which defines a rest position. It is moved in the opposite direction by the action of a control rod 1 1 connected to the control means 4, here a clutch pedal.
  • the volume variations thus generated are transmitted to the receiver 2, of a structure similar to that of the transmitter 1, with a piston whose movements are linked to the movements of the control piston 8, provided that no pressure drop occurs in the circuit.
  • the piston of the receiver 2 actuates here the declutching stop 1 1 1 associated with the clutch 5.
  • the entire transmitter 1 is included in a housing 14 which includes both the cylindrical chamber 9, which represents the maximum volume of the pressure chamber 44 that limits the piston 8, and a reserve volume 45 of the piston-8, placed in the rear extension of the cylindrical chamber 9.
  • the piston 8 is therefore placed in this reserve volume 45 in the rest position.
  • the housing 14 is not completely full of fluid: on the contrary it includes an air zone 51 at ambient pressure, above the normal level of fluid 1 5; a volume of reserve fluid is defined between the upper level of the cylindrical chamber 9 and the normal level of fluid 1 5 in the housing 1 4.
  • the piston 8 is articulated on one end of a lever 1 6 internal to the housing 1 4, the other end of this lever 1 6 being movable in rotation around 9 of an axis A disposed above the normal level 1 5 of fluid in the housing 1 4.
  • this articulation around the axis A defines for the end of the internal lever 1 6 articulated on the piston 8 a rotational movement of an amplitude of about 60 °, which is translated at the piston 8 by a longitudinal movement in the cylindrical chamber 9 combined with a lateral displacement on either side of the longitudinal axis B of the cylindrical chamber 9.
  • the rest position which is the most right on FIG. 3
  • the articulation of the piston 8 is arranged slightly above the axis B, at point C in FIG. 3; at mid-stroke, this articulation is slightly below this axis, at point D and, in the fully depressed position, this articulation is again above the longitudinal axis B, at point E.
  • the corresponding positions of the front part of the piston 8 are identified by the points C, D ', E' in FIG. 3.
  • the piston 8 is therefore not permanently in a position coaxial with the longitudinal axis B, but on the contrary moves away from it. a maximum angle 48 of a few degrees.
  • the trajectory of the head 1 7 of the piston 8 is guided by the inner wall of the cylindrical chamber 9. To do this, the head 1 7 of the piston 8 is swiveled according to a spherical crown of amplitude being worth at least twice the maximum angle 48, to allow the frictionless advance of the piston 8 in the cylindrical chamber 9.
  • the external diameter 49 of the body of the piston 8, in its central part, is less than the internal diameter 50 of the cylindrical chamber 9, to take account of the lateral displacements of the piston 8 in particular in the full-stroke and half-stroke positions, positions EE 'and D-D', respectively.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 The device ensuring the sealing of the pressure chamber 44 in line with the piston 8 is visible in FIGS. 2 and 4, the piston 8 being in its most advanced position E, FIG. 2, and in its rest position C, FIG. 4, respectively.
  • This seal is ensured by a seal 1 8, here O-shaped, in a rectangular section variant, disposed at the front of the piston 8 and maintained in 10 places by lugs 57 for tightening a metal jacket 1 9 conforming to the internal shape of the piston 8, here hollow.
  • a conventional type seal is used, and, according to the invention, its two faces are immersed in the hydraulic fluid, which provides an increased life to the seal.
  • the latter On the side of the fluid line 3, the latter comprises at its end a connection 20 made of rigid material, which has on its periphery anti-recoil beads 21 adapted to be forced into the cylindrical bore 58 formed in the nose 22 of the housing 1 4.
  • the seal is completed on this side by another O-ring type 23 held in place by a support washer 24.
  • the helical spring 1 0 return intended to push the piston 8 towards its rest position C, bears on the housing side on this washer 24 and on the piston side on the bottom of the jacket 1 9: thus, the return spring 1 0 simultaneously performs a function of holding in place and pressurizing the two seals sealing 1 8 and 23.
  • grooves 25 To allow the hydraulic fluid circuit to be filled from the volume of reserve fluid or reservoir, grooves 25, better visible in FIG.
  • the ridges 25 are offset laterally, that is to say arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis B, to take account of the angle 48 of lateral offset of the piston 8 in this rest position C.
  • the lowest streaks 25 are therefore the most offset towards the interior of the tank. So as soon as the piston 1 1 8 is actuated, the advance of the seal 1 8 of the piston 8 beyond the ridges 25 ensures sealing simultaneously over its entire circumference, and the hydraulic circuit is then pressurized, which improves the response time to stresses.
  • the ridges 25 are formed at the outer periphery of a ring 46 fitted in a recess 47 formed inside the housing 1 4 at the entrance of the cylindrical chamber 9; they communicate with said chamber 9 by an axial clearance 55 provided between the solid part of the ring 46 and the bottom of the recess 47; this play is free, as can be seen in FIG. 6, when the piston 8 is at rest; the gasket 1 8 of the piston 8 cooperates, in this position, with the internal continuous cylindrical wall of the ring 46.
  • the transmission of the movement commands of the piston 8 is achieved by the joining, at the level of the axis of rotation A of the internal lever 1 6, of two levers 26, 27 external to the housing 1 4 and of this internal lever 1 6.
  • the action on the external levers 26, 27 then naturally results in a movement of rotation of the internal lever 1 6, and therefore in a displacement of the piston 8.
  • FIG. 5 The detail of the mechanical mounting of this connection is visible in FIG. 5. It is produced for example by the use of ratchet bushings 29, 30 arranged on a shaft 28 on either side of the internal lever 1 6. These bushings 29, 30 are made of a material harder than that of the levers to be joined.
  • the housing 14 has in its side walls 52, 53 two circular bores 31, 32, respectively, of a size adapted to allow the passage of the ratchet bushings 29, 30.
  • the external levers 26, 27 are fitted on the shaft 28 and tightened in place by crimping 33 of the ends of the shaft 28, or by equivalent means, in an angular position identical to that of the internal lever 1 6. Of course, after tightening, the crimping could be replaced by welding.
  • ratchets on the sockets 29.30 causes, when the levers are tightened, an incrustation of the ratchets in the 12 softer material of the levers, which ensures the angular positioning of the levers and their joining in rotation.
  • the external levers 26, 27 have the same geometry as that of the internal lever 1 6; the control rod 1 1 has a U-shaped end, each wing of which is articulated on one of the two external levers 26, 27: this makes it possible to avoid a lateral imbalance of the forces.
  • the movement of the external levers 26, 27 is identical, by construction, as seen above, to that of the internal lever 1 6. Front ribs 36 and rear 37 are produced on the external lateral walls 52, 53 of the housing 14 to constitute limit stops for travel of the external levers 26, 27, and thus limit the movement of the internal lever 1 6 in the housing 1 4, therefore of the piston 8, and avoid possible internal damage to the piston 8 or to the housing 1 4 during excessive movements of the control pedal 4.
  • the housing 1 4 is in fact composed of two elements: on the one hand, the body of the housing, which forms the major part which includes the nose, the cylindrical chamber and the reservoir, and, on the other hand, a rear cover 38, which closes the housing.
  • the housing is preferably made of relatively hard plastic and the internal ridges 25 and external ribs 36, 37 are made by molding.
  • the cover 38 is made of a less hard plastic material; it is forcibly fitted onto the body of the housing, by a flange 39 which it presents and which engages with a peripheral notch 40 13 formed at the periphery of the housing body, a long joint 54 of circular section being inserted into the assembly and tightened during the latter.
  • the cover 38 has two bores or orifices located above the normal level of fluid 1 5, in which are housed two valves 41, 42, intended for the equalization of the air pressures between the interior and the exterior of the housing , one 42 of the valves serving for the admission of air into the tank, and the other 41 for the air exhaust from this tank.
  • the valve 42 also allows the filling of the reservoir with hydraulic fluid.
  • These valves 41, 42 are of a conventional nature, identical and mounted in opposite directions to one another, to perform the two functions of exhaust and suction. However, they provide sealing against hydraulic fluid, under normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the hydraulic receiver 2 can be of any type. However, in the preferred embodiment of a hydraulic control, in particular a clutch control, it is designed according to a principle analogous to that of the transmitter 1.
  • the receiver 2 has a very compact shape and is well suited for application to a clutch control.
  • the receiver 2 comprises a housing 1 1 4, which comprises both a cylindrical chamber 109 and a downstream volume 145, for a piston 1 08, placed in the extension of the cylindrical chamber 109.
  • the section of the cylindrical chamber 109, in which the piston 108 of the receiver 2 moves is significantly larger than that of the transmitter 1, the force applied to the piston 108 of the receiver 2 being then increased. , with respect to the control force applied to the piston 8 of the transmitter 1, in a ratio equal to the ratio of the surfaces of the pistons 8 and 108.
  • the piston 108 is articulated on one end of a lever 1 1 6 internal to the housing 1 1 4, the other end of this internal lever 1 1 6 being movable in 14 rotation about an axis A 'extending above the longitudinal axis B' of the cylindrical chamber 109, the axes A 'and B' being orthogonal.
  • the piston 108 has a hollow hemispherical sculpture in its front face 68, in which is inserted the end or head 69 of the internal lever 1 1 6, of complementary shape.
  • the horizontal axis A ′ of rotation of the internal lever 1 1 6 is disposed substantially above the neck 147 of the cylindrical chamber 109, which also contributes to reducing the length of the receiver 2.
  • the internal lever 1 1 6 has a curved profile allowing it to bypass the neck 1 47 of the cylindrical chamber 109.
  • the internal lever 1 1 6 has a section from top to bottom , along its longitudinal axis, such that the reduction in local width linked to the curved shape of the profile is compensated by a thickness 70 greater at this location.
  • the articulation of the piston 108 on the internal lever 1 1 6 defines for the head 69 of the internal lever 1 1 6 a rotational movement of an amplitude of approximately 10 °, which results in the sculpture of the front face 68 of the piston 1 1 6 by a longitudinal movement in the cylindrical chamber 109 combined with a lateral displacement around the longitudinal axis B 'of the cylindrical chamber 109.
  • the head of the piston 108 is here again guided in the cylindrical chamber 109.
  • the piston 108 has a substantially frustoconical periphery, the angle of which takes account of the maximum angle of inclination of the piston linked to its movement around the head of the internal lever 1 1 6 during its longitudinal displacement.
  • the device ensuring the sealing of the pressure chamber 1 44 is visible in FIG. 6, in which the piston 108 is shown in its most depressed position in the cylindrical chamber 109.
  • a seal 1 1 8 here an O-ring
  • an O-ring placed in front of the piston 1 08 and held in place by clamping lugs of an applicator 1 1 9 conforming to the internal shape of the piston 108, here 15 also hollow and, on the other hand, by an O-ring 62 here, in a rectangular section variant, inserted between the bottom of the cylindrical chamber 109 and a metal jacket 60 conforming to the shape of the cylindrical chamber 109 which it lines internally ; more precisely, this metal jacket 60 is bored in line with the outlet 63 of a hydraulic channel 61 which the O-ring 62 surrounds.
  • a helical spring 110 bears, on the housing side, on the jacket 60, and, on the piston side 108, on the applicator 119; it thus ensures a function of holding in place and tightening the seals 118 and 62.
  • the transmission of the movement commands of the piston 108 is carried out by the joining, at the level of the axis of rotation A ′ of the internal lever 116, of two levers 126, 127 external to the housing 114 and of this internal lever 116. It is then understood that the displacement of the piston 108, under the effect of a command transmitted in the hydraulic channel 61 connected to a supply duct 73 itself connected to the pipe 3, causes a movement of rotation of the internal lever 116 around the 'axis A', and therefore a rotation of the external levers 126, 127.
  • the external levers 126, 127 are symmetrical to each other. They are of a length greater than that of the internal lever 116. They constitute a fork for transmitting the forces to the declutching stop 111.
  • the angular movement of the external levers 126, 127 is identical, by construction, to that of the internal lever 116 .
  • FIG. 7 The detail of the mechanical assembly of the three levers 116, 126 and 127 is visible in FIG. 7. It is produced in a generally identical manner to the assembly of the three levers 16, 26 and 27 of the transmitter 1.
  • ratchet bushings 129, 130 arranged on a shaft 128 on either side of the central internal lever 116.
  • the housing 114 has in its side walls 152, 153 two circular bores 131, 132, details adapted to allow the passage of the shaft 128 surrounded by ratchet bushings 129, 130, themselves 16 surrounded by bearings 66, 67.
  • the external levers 1 26, 1 27 are fitted onto the shaft 1 28 and clamped in place against the ratchet bushings 1 29, 1 30 and the internal lever 1 1 6, by crimping.
  • Two lip seals 64, 65 are mounted on the outer surface of the ratchet bushings 1 29, 1 30, between the internal lever 1 1 6 and the bearings 66, 67.
  • the lip seals 64, 65 work very little in the measurement where the angular displacement of the shaft 1 28 is limited to approximately plus or minus 10 °.
  • the housing 1 1 4 is preferably made of injected aluminum according to a known technique. It comprises two external fixing lugs 1 43 of the conventional type.
  • a rear cover 1 38 closes the housing 1 1 4.
  • This cover 1 38 is made of a flexible material, such as an elastomer, in the form of a membrane adapted to deform elastically to absorb the variation in volume due to the advance of the piston when the circuit is pressurized. It is fitted onto the body of the housing 1 14, a collar 1 39 for example metal coming from engaging the edge of the cover 1 38 with a peripheral notch 1 40 formed on the body of the housing 1 14.
  • the downstream volume 1 45 is normally filled with hydraulic fluid; to prevent the diaphragm 1 38 from being subjected to a resident internal pressure, the casing 1 1 4 has in its upper part a nozzle 71 connected to a tube 72 for returning the fluid to the reservoir of the transmitter, below the level normal 1 5 thereof, and preferably in the lower part of the reserve volume 45, which keeps the receiver 2 filled with fluid; thus, the membrane 1 38 is temporarily deformed, the time it takes for the fluid to pass through the nozzle 71.
  • the operation of the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 according to the invention is conventional and generally conforms to the operation of a traditional hydraulic control circuit. It has been partially described above.
  • the transmitter 1 according to the invention is installed in a similar manner to that of a conventional master cylinder, or even in replacement of these on a 17 existing vehicle, the fixing flanges 43 which it comprises being designed to be compatible with conventional spacings in this area.
  • the control rod 1 1 is attached to the external levers 26, 27, and the pipe 3 is connected to the housing 1 4.
  • the receiver 2 according to the invention is also installed in the traditional way.
  • the emitter 1 according to the invention is used conventionally.
  • the piston 8 At rest, here in engaged mode, the piston 8 is in the rear position C under the effect of the spring 10. The ridges 25 then allow the passage of the fluid.
  • the piston 8 is acted upon and advances in the chamber 9, passing on, beyond the passage of the ridges 25, or the axial clearance 55, on the receiver 2 a variation volume that causes the clutch.
  • the grooves are arranged so that the passage of the grooves to the bore does not cause any injury to the seal.
  • Many variants can be considered depending on the circumstances of use, both with regard to the method of securing the internal and external levers (welding the levers on the sockets can provide an effective solution), as the detail of the piston or streaks of re-supply of hydraulic fluid.
  • the scope of the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments considered by way of example, but on the contrary extends to modifications within the scope of a person skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a transmitter (1) for hydraulic control, designed to be controlled by a controlling member and comprising a hydraulic chamber (9) wherein a piston (8) is mounted sliding sealingly, by means of a joint (18) which it bears, and defines a pressure chamber (44) with variable volume connected to a hydraulic line (3), a reservoir (6) connected to the pressure chamber (44) via a passage (25), means for preventing the fluid from returning to the reservoir (6) and means for transmitting (16, 26, 27) the control member (4) movement to the piston (8): the hydraulic chamber (9) is extended along its axis (B) by a reserve volume (45), adapted to receive the piston (8) and containing hydraulic fluid up to a level (15) sufficient for the joint (18) to be immersed therein, the hydraulic chamber (9) and the reserve volume (45) being arranged in a single housing; the transmission means (16, 26, 27) consist of two parts, whereof one (16) is internal to the housing (14) and connected to the piston (6) and the other (26, 27) is external to the housing (14).

Description

1 "Emetteur hydraulique à réservoir intégré et commande hydraulique comprenant un tel émetteur" L'invention se rapporte à un circuit hydraulique, notamment d'embrayage. Plus particulièrement, elle concerne un dispositif émetteur, susceptible de transmettre par voie hydraulique un ordre de commande à un dispositif récepteur. 1 "Hydraulic transmitter with integrated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter" The invention relates to a hydraulic circuit, in particular a clutch. More particularly, it relates to a transmitting device, capable of transmitting hydraulically a control order to a receiving device.
Un tel dispositif est connu classiquement sous le nom de maître cylindre. Dans une configuration traditionnelle, le maître cylindre comporte deux parties principales qui sont, d'une part, un ensemble cylindre-piston dont le piston est actionné par une pédale, par exemple d'embrayage et, d'autre part, un réservoir de fluide hydraulique, destiné à compenser les variations de volume du fluide dues à l'usure des garnitures d'embrayage ou à des fuites éventuelles du circuit hydraulique.Such a device is conventionally known by the name of master cylinder. In a traditional configuration, the master cylinder comprises two main parts which are, on the one hand, a cylinder-piston assembly, the piston of which is actuated by a pedal, for example a clutch, and, on the other hand, a fluid reservoir hydraulic, intended to compensate for variations in the volume of the fluid due to wear of the clutch linings or to possible leaks in the hydraulic circuit.
Des dispositifs de ce genre sont par exemple décrits dans le document FR-A-2 522 757. Ils comportent, en général, entre le réservoir et la chambre hydraulique définie par le cylindre et dans laquelle se déplace le piston, un moyen anti-retour permettant le re-remplissage du circuit en position de repos et la mise en pression du circuit.Devices of this kind are for example described in the document FR-A-2 522 757. They generally comprise, between the reservoir and the hydraulic chamber defined by the cylinder and in which the piston moves, a non-return means allowing the circuit to be refilled in the rest position and the circuit to be pressurized.
Dans ces dispositifs traditionnels, les joints assurant l'étanchéité de la chambre de pression sont souvent constitués d'un joint porté par le piston ou, comme dans le document ci-dessus, d'une membrane souple disposée entre le piston et le cylindre ; la partie centrale de cette membrane, fixée par sa périphérie au cylindre, suit les déplacements longitudinaux du piston lors des actions d'embrayage et de débrayage. Ces joints sont soumis sur une de leurs faces à un environnement fluide, et sur l'autre à un environnement atmosphérique qui se traduit par une surface sèche et souvent polluée. Cette différence de milieu et l'action de la pression conduisent ces joints à une durée de vie relativement limitée, qui est la source de fuites potentiellement dangereuses, ici pour l'utilisateur du véhicule. 2In these traditional devices, the seals ensuring the tightness of the pressure chamber often consist of a seal carried by the piston or, as in the above document, of a flexible membrane disposed between the piston and the cylinder; the central part of this membrane, fixed by its periphery to the cylinder, follows the longitudinal movements of the piston during clutch and disengage actions. These joints are subjected on one of their faces to a fluid environment, and on the other to an atmospheric environment which results in a dry and often polluted surface. This difference in environment and the action of the pressure lead these seals to a relatively limited life, which is the source of potentially dangerous leaks, here for the user of the vehicle. 2
Les dispositifs récepteurs, placés en bout du circuit hydraulique, par exemple au droit de la butée d'embrayage, sont de principe de fonctionnement et de conception sensiblement identiques à ceux des émetteurs. Ils présentent naturellement les mêmes problèmes de mises en œuvre dans la technologie traditionnelle.The receiving devices, placed at the end of the hydraulic circuit, for example in line with the clutch bearing, are in principle of operation and of design substantially identical to those of the transmitters. They naturally present the same problems of implementation in traditional technology.
L'invention vise un dispositif émetteur pour circuit hydraulique permettant d'assurer les conditions optimales pour la fiabilité du fonctionnement du joint d'étanchéité et également d'empêcher son usure prématurée et son vieillissement, et donc d'assurer une étanchéité durable, d'où une sécurité de fonctionnement accrue pour cet organe critique, notamment lorsqu'il équipe un véhicule roulant.The invention relates to a transmitting device for a hydraulic circuit making it possible to ensure optimal conditions for the reliable operation of the seal and also to prevent its premature wear and aging, and therefore to ensure a lasting seal, where increased operational safety for this critical member, especially when fitted to a rolling vehicle.
Selon un autre objectif de l'invention, le dispositif émetteur est de fabrication simple et économique.According to another objective of the invention, the transmitter device is simple and economical to manufacture.
L'invention propose à cet effet un émetteur pour commande hydraulique, destiné à être commandé par un organe de commande et comportant une chambre hydraulique, dans laquelle un piston est monté coulissant à étanchéité, grâce à un joint qu'il porte, et y définit une chambre de pression de volume variable reliée à une canalisation hydraulique, un réservoir de fluide hydraulique relié à ladite chambre de pression par au moins un passage, un moyen évitant le retour de fluide vers le réservoir (6) lors de la pressurisation de la canalisation, un moyen de transmission du mouvement de l'organe de commande au piston, caractérisé en ce que la chambre hydraulique est prolongée selon son axe longitudinal par un volume de réserve, adapté à accueillir le piston dans sa position de repos, lorsque le circuit n'est pas pressurisé, ledit volume de réserve contenant du fluide hydraulique jusqu'à un niveau suffisant pour que le joint y soit noyé, la chambre hydraulique et le volume de réserve étant ménagés dans un seul boîtier, et en ce que le moyen de transmission est constitué d'au moins deux parties, dont l'une est interne au boîtier et connectée au piston, dont l'autre 3 est extérieure au boîtier, les deux parties étant reliées par un moyen traversant la paroi du boîtier.To this end, the invention provides a transmitter for hydraulic control, intended to be controlled by a control member and comprising a hydraulic chamber, in which a piston is mounted slidingly sealed, thanks to a seal which it carries, and defines therein. a pressure chamber of variable volume connected to a hydraulic pipe, a hydraulic fluid tank connected to said pressure chamber by at least one passage, means preventing the return of fluid to the tank (6) during the pressurization of the pipe , a means of transmitting the movement of the control member to the piston, characterized in that the hydraulic chamber is extended along its longitudinal axis by a reserve volume, adapted to receive the piston in its rest position, when the circuit n is not pressurized, said reserve volume containing hydraulic fluid to a level sufficient for the seal to be embedded therein, the hydraulic chamber and the e reserve volume being provided in a single housing, and in that the transmission means consists of at least two parts, one of which is internal to the housing and connected to the piston, the other of which 3 is external to the housing, the two parts being connected by means passing through the wall of the housing.
Grâce à cette disposition, le piston et donc le joint qu'il porte se trouve intégralement et durablement immergé dans le liquide hydraulique. Préférentiellement, le volume de réserve est adapté à contenir du fluide hydraulique jusqu'à un niveau normal de fluide pour constituer le réservoir de ré-alimentation de la canalisation hydraulique.Thanks to this arrangement, the piston and therefore the seal which it carries is completely and durably submerged in the hydraulic fluid. Preferably, the reserve volume is adapted to contain hydraulic fluid up to a normal level of fluid to constitute the re-supply reservoir of the hydraulic pipe.
Avantageusement, la partie interne au boîtier traverse la surface libre du liquide et le moyen traversant le boîtier traverse celui-ci au dessus du niveau du liquide.Advantageously, the part internal to the housing crosses the free surface of the liquid and the means passing through the housing crosses the latter above the level of the liquid.
Ces dispositions présentent plusieurs avantages. En premier lieu, elles amènent une simplification notable de la fabrication du dispositif émetteur, en regroupant deux éléments en un seul bloc.These arrangements have several advantages. Firstly, they bring about a significant simplification of the manufacture of the transmitting device, by grouping two elements in a single block.
En second lieu, et d'une façon bien plus importante, les joints assurant l'étanchéité de la chambre de pression lors de la pressurisation du circuit sont immergés dans le fluide hydraulique, d'un côté au sein de la chambre de pression, de l'autre au sein du réservoir, ce qui assure une parfaite lubrification et élimine la pollution et l'action de l'air donc l'usure et le vieillissement du joint. On comprend également que l'on peut se satisfaire ici d'un joint fermant la chambre de pression de type simple, les éventuelles fuites marginales de fluide hors de la chambre de pression étant ici "recyclées", le fluide retournant alors simplement dans le réservoir de fluide. Ceci contribue évidemment à une économie sur le choix des joints du dispositif émetteur, tout en augmentant la fiabilité globale.Secondly, and much more importantly, the seals ensuring the tightness of the pressure chamber during the pressurization of the circuit are immersed in the hydraulic fluid, on one side within the pressure chamber, the other within the tank, which ensures perfect lubrication and eliminates pollution and the action of air, therefore wear and aging of the seal. It is also understood that one can be satisfied here with a seal closing the pressure chamber of the simple type, any marginal fluid leaks out of the pressure chamber being here "recycled", the fluid then simply returning to the tank. of fluid. This obviously contributes to savings on the choice of seals of the emitting device, while increasing overall reliability.
Il est notable que ce montage empêche par ailleurs en sens inverse l'entrée de bulles d'air et de particules polluantes dans le circuit hydraulique, dans la mesure où le cylindre est totalement immergé dans le fluide.It should be noted that this arrangement also prevents the entry of air bubbles and polluting particles in the hydraulic circuit in the opposite direction, insofar as the cylinder is completely immersed in the fluid.
Cette disposition comporte donc de nombreux avantages intrinsèques, tant en simplicité de fabrication qu'en sécurité pour l'utilisateur. 4 Selon des dispositions particulières éventuellement combinées,This arrangement therefore has many intrinsic advantages, both in terms of simplicity of manufacture and safety for the user. 4 According to specific provisions which may be combined,
- le moyen de transmission des mouvements du piston comporte trois leviers solidaires d'un arbre libre en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal et traversant les parois latérales du boîtier au dessus du niveau normal de fluide dans le volume de réserve, l'un des leviers dit interne étant inclus dans le réservoir et les deux autres leviers dits extérieurs étant à l'extérieur du boîtier, de part et d'autre de celui-ci. Une telle disposition symétrique conduit à une symétrie des efforts évitant des réactions parasites sur l'axe A d'articulation des leviers ; - la chambre hydraulique et le volume de réserve sont intégrés dans le boîtier, lequel est sensiblement symétrique selon un plan vertical comprenant l'axe longitudinal de la chambre de pression, les parois latérales du boîtier étant principalement verticales, et les trois leviers étant de géométrie identique ; - les trois leviers ont des longueurs identiques pour réduire encore les réactions parasites sur l'axe A ;the means for transmitting the movements of the piston comprises three levers secured to a free shaft rotating around a horizontal axis and passing through the side walls of the housing above the normal level of fluid in the reserve volume, one of the said internal levers being included in the tank and the two other so-called external levers being outside the housing, on either side of the latter. Such a symmetrical arrangement leads to a symmetry of the forces avoiding parasitic reactions on the axis A of articulation of the levers; the hydraulic chamber and the reserve volume are integrated into the housing, which is substantially symmetrical along a vertical plane comprising the longitudinal axis of the pressure chamber, the side walls of the housing being mainly vertical, and the three levers being of geometry identical; - the three levers have identical lengths to further reduce parasitic reactions on the A axis;
- la solidarisation des leviers sur l'arbre comporte avantageusement des douilles emboîtées sur l'arbre entre ces leviers ;- The connection of the levers on the shaft advantageously comprises bushes fitted on the shaft between these levers;
- préférentiellement, les douilles sont des douilles à rochets en un matériau plus dur que celui des leviers et sur lesquelles sont incrustées les leviers ;- Preferably, the sockets are ratchet sockets made of a harder material than that of the levers and on which the levers are embedded;
- l'étanchéité du boîtier au niveau de l'arbre supportant les trois leviers est assurée par des joints annulaires emboîtés à l'extérieur des douilles, entre le levier interne et les parois latérales du boîtier ; - les trois leviers sont solidarisés à l'arbre dans la même position angulaire, ce qui diminue encore les efforts de réaction sur l'axe A ;- The tightness of the housing at the level of the shaft supporting the three levers is ensured by annular seals fitted outside the sockets, between the internal lever and the side walls of the housing; - The three levers are secured to the shaft in the same angular position, which further reduces the reaction forces on the axis A;
- le boîtier comporte sur les faces extérieures de ses parois latérales des nervures formant butées pour limiter l'amplitude maximale des mouvements des leviers. 5 Ces différentes dispositions sont adaptées à permettre une mise en œuvre simple d 'un moyen de transmission en deux parties dont la liaison entre les deux parties est disposée hors du fluide hydraulique, ici au dessus du niveau normal du fluide dans le réservoir. Les joints rotatifs assurant l'étanchéité entre la partie interne du dispositif de commande et la partie externe travaillent selon une faible amplitude, ce qui est favorable à une simplicité de fabrication, à un coût restreint et à une durée de vie allongée.- The housing has on the outer faces of its side walls ribs forming stops to limit the maximum amplitude of the movements of the levers. 5 These different arrangements are adapted to allow a simple implementation of a two-part transmission means whose connection between the two parts is arranged outside the hydraulic fluid, here above the normal level of the fluid in the reservoir. The rotary seals ensuring the seal between the internal part of the control device and the external part work at a low amplitude, which is favorable to simplicity of manufacture, at low cost and to an extended service life.
Selon d'autres dispositions particulières, relatives à la chambre de pression et au moyen de compensation volumétrique du circuit hydraulique en fluide,According to other specific provisions, relating to the pressure chamber and to the volumetric compensation of the hydraulic circuit in fluid,
- la tête du piston est guidée par la paroi interne de la chambre hydraulique au cours de sa trajectoire ;- The piston head is guided by the internal wall of the hydraulic chamber during its trajectory;
- le piston présente préférentiellement une tête en forme de couronne sphérique tenant compte de l'angle de basculement maximum du piston, du fait de la trajectoire de sa partie arrière par laquelle il est connecté au levier interne ;- The piston preferably has a head in the form of a spherical crown taking into account the maximum tilting angle of the piston, due to the trajectory of its rear part by which it is connected to the internal lever;
- les passages reliant le réservoir à la chambre de pression sont des stries creusées dans la paroi intérieure de la chambre cylindrique au niveau de son débouché dans le volume de réserve, ces stries étant de direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal de la chambre cylindrique ;the passages connecting the reservoir to the pressure chamber are ridges cut into the interior wall of the cylindrical chamber at its outlet in the reserve volume, these ridges being in the direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical chamber ;
- les passages reliant le réservoir à la chambre de pression sont des stries ménagées à la périphérie externe d'une bague emmanchée dans un embrèvement ménagé à l'intérieur du boîtier à l'entrée de la chambre cylindrique avec laquelle elles communiquent par un jeu axial ;the passages connecting the reservoir to the pressure chamber are ridges formed on the external periphery of a ring fitted in a recess formed inside the housing at the entrance to the cylindrical chamber with which they communicate by axial play ;
- les stries sont réparties angulairement de façon régulière ;- the streaks are distributed angularly in a regular manner;
- au moins les extrémités des stries sont disposées selon un angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la chambre cylindrique de façon correspondant à la position de repos du piston ; 6- At least the ends of the grooves are arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical chamber in a manner corresponding to the rest position of the piston; 6
- le moyen évitant le retour de fluide vers le réservoir lors de la pressurisation du circuit est constitué par le joint ;- The means preventing the return of fluid to the tank during the pressurization of the circuit is constituted by the seal;
- le joint est un joint de technologie simple, par exemple torique ou de section rectangulaire, placé au droit des extrémités des stries lorsque le piston est en position de repos.- The seal is a simple technology seal, for example O-ring or rectangular section, placed in line with the ends of the grooves when the piston is in the rest position.
L'invention a également pour objet une commande hydraulique comprenant un émetteur tel que ci-dessus, avantageusement associé à un récepteur hydraulique de structure analogue à celle de l'émetteur.The invention also relates to a hydraulic control comprising a transmitter as above, advantageously associated with a hydraulic receiver of structure similar to that of the transmitter.
Avantageusement, la commande hydraulique comprend un récepteur comportant une chambre hydraulique, un piston monté coulissant dans la chambre hydraulique pour y définir une chambre de pression de volume variable reliée à la canalisation hydraulique, un moyen de transmission des mouvements du piston à l'extérieur, un moyen pour rendre étanche la chambre de pression, ledit récepteur étant caractérisé en ce que la chambre de pression est prolongée selon son axe longitudinal par un volume aval adapté à accueillir le piston dans sa position de pression, lorsque le circuit est pressurisé, la chambre cylindrique et le volume aval étant intégrés dans un seul boîtier, et le moyen de transmission est constitué d'au moins deux parties, dont l'une est interne au boîtier et dont l'autre est externe au boîtier, les deux parties étant reliées par un moyen traversant la paroi du boîtier de façon étanche.Advantageously, the hydraulic control comprises a receiver comprising a hydraulic chamber, a piston mounted to slide in the hydraulic chamber in order to define there a pressure chamber of variable volume connected to the hydraulic pipe, a means of transmitting the movements of the piston to the outside, means for sealing the pressure chamber, said receiver being characterized in that the pressure chamber is extended along its longitudinal axis by a downstream volume adapted to receive the piston in its pressure position, when the circuit is pressurized, the chamber cylindrical and the downstream volume being integrated in a single housing, and the transmission means consists of at least two parts, one of which is internal to the housing and the other of which is external to the housing, the two parts being connected by means passing through the wall of the housing in a sealed manner.
De préférence, le moyen de transmission comporte trois leviers solidaires d'un arbre libre en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal traversant les parois latérales du boîtier, l'un des leviers dit interne étant situé dans le boîtier et les deux autres leviers dits externes, extérieurs au boîtier, étant symétriques et de longueur supérieure à celle du levier interne.Preferably, the transmission means comprises three levers secured to a free shaft rotating around a horizontal axis passing through the side walls of the housing, one of the so-called internal levers being located in the housing and the other two so-called external levers , external to the case, being symmetrical and of length greater than that of the internal lever.
Avantageusement, la commande est une commande hydraulique d'embrayage, l'embrayage comporte des moyens élastiques de serrage et des moyens de débrayage constitués de leviers de débrayage et, une butée de débrayage destinée à agir sur l'extrémité des leviers de débrayage pour le 7 débrayage de l'embrayage étant prévue, le ressort hélicoïdal soumet le levier interne à un effort tel que, par l'intermédiaire des leviers extérieurs, la butée de débrayage est au contact des leviers de débrayage, les moyens élastiques de serrage de l'embrayage ayant une charge très supérieure à celle du ressort hélicoïdal.Advantageously, the control is a hydraulic clutch control, the clutch comprises elastic tightening means and declutching means constituted by declutching levers and, a declutching stop intended to act on the end of the declutching levers for the 7 declutching the clutch being provided, the helical spring subjects the internal lever to a force such that, by means of the external levers, the clutch release bearing is in contact with the clutch release levers, the elastic means of tightening the clutch having a load much higher than that of the helical spring.
La description et les dessins d'un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, donnés ci-après, permettront de mieux comprendre les buts et avantages de l'invention. Il est clair que cette description est donnée à titre d'exemple, et n'a pas de caractère limitatif. Dans les dessins : - la figure 1 est une vue de l'ensemble d'un circuit hydraulique dans une application à une commande d'embrayage, selon une mise en œuvre conforme à l'invention ;The description and the drawings of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given below, will make it possible to better understand the aims and advantages of the invention. It is clear that this description is given by way of example, and is not limiting. In the drawings: - Figure 1 is a view of the entire hydraulic circuit in an application to a clutch control, according to an implementation according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de l'émetteur, selon ll-ll de la figure 5 ; - la figure 3 est un schéma montrant la trajectoire du piston dans le boîtier ;- Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the transmitter, according to ll-ll of Figure 5; - Figure 3 is a diagram showing the path of the piston in the housing;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe partielle montrant les stries de réalimentation du circuit en fluide hydraulique ;- Figure 4 is a partial sectional view showing the replenishment streaks of the hydraulic fluid circuit;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon V-V de la figure 2 ; - la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 4 et montre une variante de réalisation ;- Figure 5 is a sectional view along V-V of Figure 2; - Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 and shows an alternative embodiment;
- la figure 7 est une vue partielle en coupe selon VII-VII de la figure 6, sans le piston ;- Figure 7 is a partial sectional view along VII-VII of Figure 6, without the piston;
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe du récepteur selon VIII-VIII de la figure 9 ;- Figure 8 is a sectional view of the receiver according to VIII-VIII of Figure 9;
- la figure 9 est une vue partiellement en coupe du récepteur, en vue de face.- Figure 9 is a partially sectional view of the receiver, in front view.
Comme on le voit sur la figure 1 , un dispositif hydraulique comporte un émetteur 1 et un récepteur 2, entre lesquels est installée une canalisation 3 de fluide hydraulique transmettant les variations de volume créées dans 8 l'émetteur 1 , sous l'effet d'un moyen de commande 4, jusqu'au récepteur 2. Le récepteur 2 est destiné à actionner conséquemment un dispositif mécanique quelconque, par exemple ici un embrayage 5.As can be seen in FIG. 1, a hydraulic device comprises a transmitter 1 and a receiver 2, between which is installed a pipe 3 of hydraulic fluid transmitting the volume variations created in 8 the transmitter 1, under the effect of a control means 4, to the receiver 2. The receiver 2 is intended to actuate consequently any mechanical device, for example here a clutch 5.
De façon plus détaillée, dans une mise en œuvre telle que montrée à la figure 1 , l'émetteur 1 est constitué principalement d'un piston 8, coulissant dans une chambre hydraulique cylindrique 9, et y définissant donc un volume variable destiné à contenir un fluide hydraulique.In more detail, in an implementation as shown in FIG. 1, the emitter 1 mainly consists of a piston 8, sliding in a cylindrical hydraulic chamber 9, and therefore defining therein a variable volume intended to contain a hydraulic fluid.
Le piston 8 est naturellement éloigné du fond de la chambre 9 par un ressort 1 0, ce qui lui définit une position de repos. Il est déplacé en sens inverse par l'action d'une tige de commande 1 1 reliée au moyen de commande 4, ici une pédale d'embrayage.The piston 8 is naturally removed from the bottom of the chamber 9 by a spring 1 0, which defines a rest position. It is moved in the opposite direction by the action of a control rod 1 1 connected to the control means 4, here a clutch pedal.
Les variations de volume ainsi générées sont transmises au récepteur 2, de structure analogue à celle de l'émetteur 1 , avec un piston dont les déplacements sont liés aux déplacements du piston de commande 8, pour autant qu'aucune perte de charge ne survienne dans le circuit.The volume variations thus generated are transmitted to the receiver 2, of a structure similar to that of the transmitter 1, with a piston whose movements are linked to the movements of the control piston 8, provided that no pressure drop occurs in the circuit.
Le piston du récepteur 2 actionne ici la butée de débrayage 1 1 1 associée à l'embrayage 5.The piston of the receiver 2 actuates here the declutching stop 1 1 1 associated with the clutch 5.
En se reportant aux figures 1 à 5, on voit que l'ensemble de l'émetteur 1 est inclus dans un boîtier 14 qui comprend à la fois la chambre cylindrique 9, laquelle représente le volume maximum de la chambre de pression 44 que limite le piston 8, et un volume de réserve 45 du piston- 8, placé dans le prolongement arrière de la chambre cylindrique 9. Le piston 8 vient donc se placer dans ce volume de réserve 45 en position de repos. Le boîtier 14 n'est pas totalement plein de fluide : il comporte au contraire une zone d'air 51 à pression ambiante, au dessus du niveau normal de fluide 1 5 ; un volume de fluide de réserve est défini entre le niveau supérieur de la chambre cylindrique 9 et le niveau normal de fluide 1 5 dans le boîtier 1 4.Referring to Figures 1 to 5, we see that the entire transmitter 1 is included in a housing 14 which includes both the cylindrical chamber 9, which represents the maximum volume of the pressure chamber 44 that limits the piston 8, and a reserve volume 45 of the piston-8, placed in the rear extension of the cylindrical chamber 9. The piston 8 is therefore placed in this reserve volume 45 in the rest position. The housing 14 is not completely full of fluid: on the contrary it includes an air zone 51 at ambient pressure, above the normal level of fluid 1 5; a volume of reserve fluid is defined between the upper level of the cylindrical chamber 9 and the normal level of fluid 1 5 in the housing 1 4.
Le piston 8 est articulé sur une extrémité d'un levier 1 6 interne au boîtier 1 4, l'autre extrémité de ce levier 1 6 étant mobile en rotation autour 9 d'un axe A disposé au dessus du niveau normal 1 5 de fluide dans le boîtier 1 4.The piston 8 is articulated on one end of a lever 1 6 internal to the housing 1 4, the other end of this lever 1 6 being movable in rotation around 9 of an axis A disposed above the normal level 1 5 of fluid in the housing 1 4.
Comme on le comprend en se reportant à la figure 3, cette articulation autour de l'axe A définit pour l'extrémité du levier interne 1 6 articulée sur le piston 8 un mouvement de rotation d'une amplitude de 60 ° environ, qui se traduit au niveau du piston 8 par un mouvement longitudinal dans la chambre cylindrique 9 combiné à un déplacement latéral de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal B de la chambre cylindrique 9. En position de repos, qui est la plus à droite sur la figure 3, l'articulation du piston 8 est disposée légèrement au dessus de l'axe B, au point C sur la figure 3 ; à mi-course, cette articulation est légèrement en dessous de cet axe, au point D et, en position totalement enfoncé, cette articulation est à nouveau au dessus de l'axe longitudinal B, au point E. Les positions correspondantes de la partie avant du piston 8 sont repérées par les points C, D', E' sur la figure 3. Le piston 8 n'est donc pas en permanence dans une position coaxiale avec l'axe longitudinal B, mais au contraire s'en éloigne d'un angle maximum 48 de quelques degrés. La trajectoire de la tête 1 7 du piston 8 est guidée par la paroi intérieure de la chambre cylindrique 9. Pour ce faire, la tête 1 7 du piston 8 est rotulée selon une couronne sphérique d'amplitude valant au moins le double de l'angle maximum 48, pour permettre l'avancée sans friction du piston 8 dans la chambre cylindrique 9. De même, le diamètre extérieur 49 du corps du piston 8, dans sa partie centrale, est inférieur au diamètre intérieur 50 de la chambre cylindrique 9, pour tenir compte des déplacements latéraux du piston 8 notamment dans les positions à pleine course et à mi-course, positions E-E' et D-D', respectivement.As can be understood by referring to Figure 3, this articulation around the axis A defines for the end of the internal lever 1 6 articulated on the piston 8 a rotational movement of an amplitude of about 60 °, which is translated at the piston 8 by a longitudinal movement in the cylindrical chamber 9 combined with a lateral displacement on either side of the longitudinal axis B of the cylindrical chamber 9. In the rest position, which is the most right on FIG. 3, the articulation of the piston 8 is arranged slightly above the axis B, at point C in FIG. 3; at mid-stroke, this articulation is slightly below this axis, at point D and, in the fully depressed position, this articulation is again above the longitudinal axis B, at point E. The corresponding positions of the front part of the piston 8 are identified by the points C, D ', E' in FIG. 3. The piston 8 is therefore not permanently in a position coaxial with the longitudinal axis B, but on the contrary moves away from it. a maximum angle 48 of a few degrees. The trajectory of the head 1 7 of the piston 8 is guided by the inner wall of the cylindrical chamber 9. To do this, the head 1 7 of the piston 8 is swiveled according to a spherical crown of amplitude being worth at least twice the maximum angle 48, to allow the frictionless advance of the piston 8 in the cylindrical chamber 9. Likewise, the external diameter 49 of the body of the piston 8, in its central part, is less than the internal diameter 50 of the cylindrical chamber 9, to take account of the lateral displacements of the piston 8 in particular in the full-stroke and half-stroke positions, positions EE 'and D-D', respectively.
Le dispositif assurant l'étanchéité de la chambre de pression 44 au droit du piston 8 est visible sur les figures 2 et 4, le piston 8 étant dans sa position la plus avancée E, figure 2, et dans sa position de repos C, figure 4, respectivement. Cette étanchéité est assurée par un joint 1 8, ici torique, en variante à section rectangulaire, disposé à l'avant du piston 8 et maintenu en 10 place par des pattes 57 de serrage d'une chemise métallique 1 9 épousant la forme interne du piston 8, ici creux. Ainsi, un joint de type classique est utilisé, et, selon l'invention, ses deux faces sont immergées dans le fluide hydraulique, ce qui procure une durée de vie accrue au joint. Du côté de- la canalisation de fluide 3, celle-ci comporte à son extrémité un raccord 20 en matière rigide, qui présente sur sa périphérie des bourrelets anti-recul 21 adaptés à venir s'emmancher à force dans l'alésage cylindrique 58 ménagé dans le nez 22 du boîtier 1 4. L'étanchéité est complétée de ce côté par un autre joint de type torique 23 maintenu en place par une rondelle d'appui 24. Le ressort hélicoïdal 1 0 de rappel, destiné à repousser le piston 8 vers sa position de repos C, prend appui côté boîtier sur cette rondelle 24 et côté piston sur le fond de la chemise 1 9 : ainsi, le ressort de rappel 1 0 assure parallèlement une fonction de maintien en place et mise en pression des deux joints d'étanchéité 1 8 et 23. Pour permettre le remplissage du circuit hydraulique de fluide depuis le volume de fluide de réserve ou réservoir, des stries 25, mieux visibles sur la figure 4, sont ménagées dans la paroi interne de la chambre cylindrique 9 au droit de son col par lequel elle débouche dans le volume de réserve 45 ; la construction est telle que, lorsque le piston 8 est dans sa position C de repos, son joint 1 8 est au droit de ces stries 25. Ces stries 25 sont disposées de façon régulière tout autour du col de la chambre cylindrique 9. Une vingtaine de stries peuvent ainsi être réalisées, par des méthodes classiques telles que moulage, dans le matériau du boîtier 1 4 avantageusement en matière plastique, ce qui offre une section totale importante de passage de fluide du réservoir vers la chambre cylindrique 9.The device ensuring the sealing of the pressure chamber 44 in line with the piston 8 is visible in FIGS. 2 and 4, the piston 8 being in its most advanced position E, FIG. 2, and in its rest position C, FIG. 4, respectively. This seal is ensured by a seal 1 8, here O-shaped, in a rectangular section variant, disposed at the front of the piston 8 and maintained in 10 places by lugs 57 for tightening a metal jacket 1 9 conforming to the internal shape of the piston 8, here hollow. Thus, a conventional type seal is used, and, according to the invention, its two faces are immersed in the hydraulic fluid, which provides an increased life to the seal. On the side of the fluid line 3, the latter comprises at its end a connection 20 made of rigid material, which has on its periphery anti-recoil beads 21 adapted to be forced into the cylindrical bore 58 formed in the nose 22 of the housing 1 4. The seal is completed on this side by another O-ring type 23 held in place by a support washer 24. The helical spring 1 0 return, intended to push the piston 8 towards its rest position C, bears on the housing side on this washer 24 and on the piston side on the bottom of the jacket 1 9: thus, the return spring 1 0 simultaneously performs a function of holding in place and pressurizing the two seals sealing 1 8 and 23. To allow the hydraulic fluid circuit to be filled from the volume of reserve fluid or reservoir, grooves 25, better visible in FIG. 4, are formed in the internal wall of the cylindrical chamber 9 at the level of its neck through which it opens into the reserve volume 45; the construction is such that, when the piston 8 is in its rest position C, its seal 1 8 is in line with these grooves 25. These grooves 25 are arranged regularly around the neck of the cylindrical chamber 9. About twenty streaks can thus be produced, by conventional methods such as molding, in the material of the casing 1 4, advantageously made of plastic, which offers a large total cross-section of fluid passage from the reservoir to the cylindrical chamber 9.
Comme on le voit nettement sur la figure 4, les stries 25 sont déportées latéralement, c'est-à-dire disposées selon un angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal B, pour tenir compte de l'angle 48 de déport latéral du piston 8 dans cette position C de repos. Les stries 25 les plus basses sont de ce fait les plus déportées vers l'intérieur du réservoir. Ainsi, dès que le piston 1 1 8 est actionné, l'avancée du joint 1 8 du piston 8 au delà des stries 25 assure l'étanchéité simultanément sur toute sa circonférence, et le circuit hydraulique est alors pressurisé, ce qui améliore le temps de réponse aux sollicitations. Selon la variante des figures 6 et 7, les stries 25 sont ménagées à la périphérie externe d'une bague 46 emmanchée dans un embrèvement 47 ménagé à l'intérieur du boîtier 1 4 à l'entrée de la chambre cylindrique 9 ; elles communiquent avec ladite chambre 9 par un jeu axial 55 prévu entre la partie pleine de la bague 46 et le fond de l'embrèvement 47 ; ce jeu est libre, comme visible sur la figure 6, lorsque le piston 8 est au repos ; le joint 1 8 du piston 8 coopère, dans cette position, avec la paroi cylindrique continue interne de la bague 46.As can be clearly seen in FIG. 4, the ridges 25 are offset laterally, that is to say arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis B, to take account of the angle 48 of lateral offset of the piston 8 in this rest position C. The lowest streaks 25 are therefore the most offset towards the interior of the tank. So as soon as the piston 1 1 8 is actuated, the advance of the seal 1 8 of the piston 8 beyond the ridges 25 ensures sealing simultaneously over its entire circumference, and the hydraulic circuit is then pressurized, which improves the response time to stresses. According to the variant of Figures 6 and 7, the ridges 25 are formed at the outer periphery of a ring 46 fitted in a recess 47 formed inside the housing 1 4 at the entrance of the cylindrical chamber 9; they communicate with said chamber 9 by an axial clearance 55 provided between the solid part of the ring 46 and the bottom of the recess 47; this play is free, as can be seen in FIG. 6, when the piston 8 is at rest; the gasket 1 8 of the piston 8 cooperates, in this position, with the internal continuous cylindrical wall of the ring 46.
La transmission des commandes de mouvement du piston 8 est réalisée par la solidarisation, au niveau de l'axe de rotation A du levier interne 1 6, de deux leviers 26, 27 extérieurs au boîtier 1 4 et de ce levier interne 1 6. On comprend que l'action sur les leviers extérieurs 26, 27 se traduit alors naturellement par un mouvement de rotation du levier interne 1 6, et donc par un déplacement du piston 8.The transmission of the movement commands of the piston 8 is achieved by the joining, at the level of the axis of rotation A of the internal lever 1 6, of two levers 26, 27 external to the housing 1 4 and of this internal lever 1 6. On understands that the action on the external levers 26, 27 then naturally results in a movement of rotation of the internal lever 1 6, and therefore in a displacement of the piston 8.
Le détail du montage mécanique de cette solidarisation est visible sur la figure 5. Il est réalisé par exemple par l'utilisation de douilles à rochet 29, 30 disposées sur un arbre 28 de part et d'autre du levier interne 1 6. Ces douilles 29, 30 sont constituées d'un matériau plus dur que celui des leviers à solidariser. Le boîtier 14 présente dans ses parois latérales 52, 53 deux alésages circulaires 31 , 32, respectivement, de taille adaptée à permettre le passage des douilles à rochet 29, 30. Les leviers extérieurs 26, 27 sont emboîtés sur l'arbre 28 et serrés en place par sertissage 33 des extrémités de l'arbre 28, ou par un moyen équivalent, dans une position angulaire identique à celle du levier interne 1 6. Bien entendu, après serrage, le sertissage pourrait être remplacé par un soudage. La présence de rochets sur les douilles 29,30 provoque, lors du serrage des leviers, une incrustation des rochets dans le 12 matériau plus tendre des leviers, ce qui assure le positionnement angulaire des leviers et leur solidarisation en rotation.The detail of the mechanical mounting of this connection is visible in FIG. 5. It is produced for example by the use of ratchet bushings 29, 30 arranged on a shaft 28 on either side of the internal lever 1 6. These bushings 29, 30 are made of a material harder than that of the levers to be joined. The housing 14 has in its side walls 52, 53 two circular bores 31, 32, respectively, of a size adapted to allow the passage of the ratchet bushings 29, 30. The external levers 26, 27 are fitted on the shaft 28 and tightened in place by crimping 33 of the ends of the shaft 28, or by equivalent means, in an angular position identical to that of the internal lever 1 6. Of course, after tightening, the crimping could be replaced by welding. The presence of ratchets on the sockets 29.30 causes, when the levers are tightened, an incrustation of the ratchets in the 12 softer material of the levers, which ensures the angular positioning of the levers and their joining in rotation.
L'intérêt de cette solidarisation réside dans le fait qu'elle est simple et qu'elle est réalisée à un endroit situé au dessus du niveau normal de fluide hydraulique 1 5, ce qui facilite grandement la réalisation d'une étanchéité à la traversée du boîtier 1 4. Deux joints annulaires 34, 35 sont simplement montés à la surface extérieure des douilles à rochet 29,30, entre le levier interne 1 6 et les parois latérales 52,53 du boîtier 1 4. Ces joints annulaires 34, 35 travaillent peu puisqu'ils sont disposés hors du fluide hydraulique, à la pression atmosphérique, et que le déplacement angulaire des leviers est limité à environ 60° .The advantage of this connection lies in the fact that it is simple and that it is carried out at a location located above the normal level of hydraulic fluid 1 5, which greatly facilitates the achievement of a seal at the crossing of the housing 1 4. Two annular seals 34, 35 are simply mounted on the outer surface of the ratchet bushings 29.30, between the internal lever 1 6 and the side walls 52.53 of the housing 1 4. These annular seals 34, 35 work little since they are arranged outside the hydraulic fluid, at atmospheric pressure, and the angular displacement of the levers is limited to approximately 60 °.
Les leviers extérieurs 26, 27 sont de géométrie identique à celle du levier interne 1 6 ; la tige de commande 1 1 a une extrémité en forme de U dont chaque aile est articulée sur l'un des deux leviers extérieurs 26,27 : ceci permet d'éviter un déséquilibre latéral des efforts. Le mouvement des leviers extérieurs 26,27 est identique, par construction, comme on l'a vu plus haut, à celui du levier interne 1 6. Des nervures avant 36 et arrière 37 sont réalisées sur les parois latérales extérieures 52, 53 du boîtier 14 pour constituer des butées de limite de course des leviers extérieurs 26,27, et limiter ainsi le débattement du levier interne 1 6 dans le boîtier 1 4, donc du piston 8, et éviter des dommages internes éventuels au piston 8 ou au boîtier 1 4 lors de mouvements excessifs de la pédale de commande 4.The external levers 26, 27 have the same geometry as that of the internal lever 1 6; the control rod 1 1 has a U-shaped end, each wing of which is articulated on one of the two external levers 26, 27: this makes it possible to avoid a lateral imbalance of the forces. The movement of the external levers 26, 27 is identical, by construction, as seen above, to that of the internal lever 1 6. Front ribs 36 and rear 37 are produced on the external lateral walls 52, 53 of the housing 14 to constitute limit stops for travel of the external levers 26, 27, and thus limit the movement of the internal lever 1 6 in the housing 1 4, therefore of the piston 8, and avoid possible internal damage to the piston 8 or to the housing 1 4 during excessive movements of the control pedal 4.
Le boîtier 1 4 est en fait composé de deux éléments : d'une part, le corps du boîtier, qui en forme la majeur partie laquelle comporte le nez, la chambre cylindrique et le réservoir, et, d'autre part, un couvercle arrière 38, qui vient clore le boîtier. Le boîtier est préférentiellement réalisé en matière plastique relativement dure et les stries internes 25 et nervures externes 36, 37 sont réalisées par moulage. Le couvercle 38 est réalisé dans une matière plastique moins dure ; il est emboîté en force sur le corps du boîtier, par un rebord 39 qu'il présente et qui vient en prise avec un cran périphérique 40 13 ménagé à la périphérie du corps du boîtier, un joint long 54 de section circulaire étant inséré dans l'assemblage et serré lors de celui-ci.The housing 1 4 is in fact composed of two elements: on the one hand, the body of the housing, which forms the major part which includes the nose, the cylindrical chamber and the reservoir, and, on the other hand, a rear cover 38, which closes the housing. The housing is preferably made of relatively hard plastic and the internal ridges 25 and external ribs 36, 37 are made by molding. The cover 38 is made of a less hard plastic material; it is forcibly fitted onto the body of the housing, by a flange 39 which it presents and which engages with a peripheral notch 40 13 formed at the periphery of the housing body, a long joint 54 of circular section being inserted into the assembly and tightened during the latter.
Le couvercle 38 présente deux alésages ou orifices situés au dessus du niveau normal de fluide 1 5, dans lesquels viennent se loger deux clapets 41 , 42, destinés à l'égalisation des pressions d'air entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du boîtier, l'un 42 des clapets servant à l'admission d'air dans le réservoir, et l'autre 41 à l'échappement d'air de ce réservoir. Le clapet 42 permet par ailleurs le remplissage du réservoir en fluide hydraulique. Ces clapets 41 ,42 sont de nature classique, identiques et montés en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, pour réaliser les deux fonctions d'échappement et d'aspiration. Ils assurent cependant l'étanchéité au fluide hydraulique, sous pression atmosphérique normale.The cover 38 has two bores or orifices located above the normal level of fluid 1 5, in which are housed two valves 41, 42, intended for the equalization of the air pressures between the interior and the exterior of the housing , one 42 of the valves serving for the admission of air into the tank, and the other 41 for the air exhaust from this tank. The valve 42 also allows the filling of the reservoir with hydraulic fluid. These valves 41, 42 are of a conventional nature, identical and mounted in opposite directions to one another, to perform the two functions of exhaust and suction. However, they provide sealing against hydraulic fluid, under normal atmospheric pressure.
A l'autre extrémité de la canalisation 3, le récepteur hydraulique 2 peut être de type quelconque. Il est cependant, dans le mode de réalisation préféré d'une commande hydraulique notamment d'embrayage, conçu selon un principe analogue à celui de l'émetteur 1 .At the other end of the pipe 3, the hydraulic receiver 2 can be of any type. However, in the preferred embodiment of a hydraulic control, in particular a clutch control, it is designed according to a principle analogous to that of the transmitter 1.
Cette conception apparaîtra plus nettement à l'examen des figures 8 et 9. On constate que le récepteur 2 est de forme très ramassée et convient bien à l'application à une commande d'embrayage. Le récepteur 2 comporte un boîtier 1 1 4, qui comprend à la fois une chambre cylindrique 109 et un volume aval 145, pour un piston 1 08, placé dans le prolongement de la chambre cylindrique 109.This design will appear more clearly on examining FIGS. 8 and 9. It can be seen that the receiver 2 has a very compact shape and is well suited for application to a clutch control. The receiver 2 comprises a housing 1 1 4, which comprises both a cylindrical chamber 109 and a downstream volume 145, for a piston 1 08, placed in the extension of the cylindrical chamber 109.
De façon générale, la section de la chambre cylindrique 1 09, dans laquelle se déplace le piston 108 du récepteur 2, est nettement plus grande que celle de l'émetteur 1 , la force appliquée sur le piston 1 08 du récepteur 2 étant alors accrue, par rapport à la force de commande appliquée sur le piston 8 de l'émetteur 1 , dans un rapport égal au rapport des surfaces des pistons 8 et 108.In general, the section of the cylindrical chamber 109, in which the piston 108 of the receiver 2 moves, is significantly larger than that of the transmitter 1, the force applied to the piston 108 of the receiver 2 being then increased. , with respect to the control force applied to the piston 8 of the transmitter 1, in a ratio equal to the ratio of the surfaces of the pistons 8 and 108.
Le piston 108 est articulé sur une extrémité d'un levier 1 1 6 interne au boîtier 1 1 4, l'autre extrémité de ce levier interne 1 1 6 étant mobile en 14 rotation autour d'un axe A' s'étendant au dessus de l'axe longitudinal B' de la chambre cylindrique 109, les axes A' et B' étant orthogonaux.The piston 108 is articulated on one end of a lever 1 1 6 internal to the housing 1 1 4, the other end of this internal lever 1 1 6 being movable in 14 rotation about an axis A 'extending above the longitudinal axis B' of the cylindrical chamber 109, the axes A 'and B' being orthogonal.
Dans le but de réduire la longueur du récepteur 2, le piston 1 08 présente une sculpture hémisphérique en creux dans sa face avant 68, dans laquelle est insérée l'extrémité ou tête 69 du levier interne 1 1 6, de forme complémentaire. L'axe horizontal A' de rotation du levier interne 1 1 6 est disposé sensiblement au dessus du col 147 de la chambre cylindrique 1 09, ce qui contribue également à réduire la longueur du récepteur 2. De ce fait, le levier interne 1 1 6 présente un profil incurvé lui permettant de contourner le col 1 47 de la chambre cylindrique 109. Dans le but d'accroître sa résistance mécanique aux efforts transmis par le piston 1 08, le levier interne 1 1 6 présente une section de haut en bas, selon son axe longitudinal, telle que la réduction de largeur locale liée à la forme incurvée du profil est compensée par une épaisseur 70 plus grande en cet endroit. Comme pour le cas de l'émetteur 1 , l'articulation du piston 1 08 sur le levier interne 1 1 6 définit pour la tête 69 du levier interne 1 1 6 un mouvement de rotation d'une amplitude de 1 0° environ, qui se traduit au niveau de la sculpture de la face avant 68 du piston 1 1 6 par un mouvement longitudinal dans la chambre cylindrique 1 09 combiné à un déplacement latéral autour de l'axe longitudinal B' de la chambre cylindrique 109.In order to reduce the length of the receiver 2, the piston 108 has a hollow hemispherical sculpture in its front face 68, in which is inserted the end or head 69 of the internal lever 1 1 6, of complementary shape. The horizontal axis A ′ of rotation of the internal lever 1 1 6 is disposed substantially above the neck 147 of the cylindrical chamber 109, which also contributes to reducing the length of the receiver 2. As a result, the internal lever 1 1 6 has a curved profile allowing it to bypass the neck 1 47 of the cylindrical chamber 109. In order to increase its mechanical resistance to the forces transmitted by the piston 108, the internal lever 1 1 6 has a section from top to bottom , along its longitudinal axis, such that the reduction in local width linked to the curved shape of the profile is compensated by a thickness 70 greater at this location. As in the case of the transmitter 1, the articulation of the piston 108 on the internal lever 1 1 6 defines for the head 69 of the internal lever 1 1 6 a rotational movement of an amplitude of approximately 10 °, which results in the sculpture of the front face 68 of the piston 1 1 6 by a longitudinal movement in the cylindrical chamber 109 combined with a lateral displacement around the longitudinal axis B 'of the cylindrical chamber 109.
La tête du piston 1 08 est ici encore guidée dans la chambre cylindrique 1 09. Le piston 1 08 a une périphérie sensiblement tronconique, dont l'angle tient compte de l'angle maximal d'inclinaison du piston lié à son mouvement autour de la tête du levier interne 1 1 6 lors de son déplacement longitudinal. Le dispositif assurant l'étanchéité de la chambre de pression 1 44 est visible sur la figure 6, dans laquelle le piston 108 est représenté dans sa position la plus enfoncée dans la chambre cylindrique 1 09. Cette étanchéité est assurée, d'une part, par un joint d'étanchéité 1 1 8, ici un joint torique, disposé à l'avant du piston 1 08 et maintenu en place par des pattes de serrage d'un applicateur 1 1 9 épousant la forme interne du piston 108, ici 15 également creux et, d'autre part, par un joint 62 ici torique, en variante à section rectangulaire, inséré entre le fond de la chambre cylindrique 109 et une chemise métallique 60 épousant la forme de la chambre cylindrique 109 qu'elle tapisse intérieurement ; plus précisément, cette chemise métallique 60 est alésée au droit du débouché 63 d'un canal hydraulique 61 qu'entoure le joint torique 62.The head of the piston 108 is here again guided in the cylindrical chamber 109. The piston 108 has a substantially frustoconical periphery, the angle of which takes account of the maximum angle of inclination of the piston linked to its movement around the head of the internal lever 1 1 6 during its longitudinal displacement. The device ensuring the sealing of the pressure chamber 1 44 is visible in FIG. 6, in which the piston 108 is shown in its most depressed position in the cylindrical chamber 109. This sealing is ensured, on the one hand, by a seal 1 1 8, here an O-ring, placed in front of the piston 1 08 and held in place by clamping lugs of an applicator 1 1 9 conforming to the internal shape of the piston 108, here 15 also hollow and, on the other hand, by an O-ring 62 here, in a rectangular section variant, inserted between the bottom of the cylindrical chamber 109 and a metal jacket 60 conforming to the shape of the cylindrical chamber 109 which it lines internally ; more precisely, this metal jacket 60 is bored in line with the outlet 63 of a hydraulic channel 61 which the O-ring 62 surrounds.
Un ressort hélicoïdal 110, dit de précharge, prend appui, côté boîtier, sur la chemise 60, et, côté piston 108, sur l'applicateur 119 ; il assure ainsi une fonction de maintien en place et serrage des joints d'étanchéité 118 et 62.A helical spring 110, called a preloading spring, bears, on the housing side, on the jacket 60, and, on the piston side 108, on the applicator 119; it thus ensures a function of holding in place and tightening the seals 118 and 62.
La transmission des commandes de mouvement du piston 108 est réalisée par la solidarisation, au niveau de l'axe de rotation A' du levier interne 116, de deux leviers 126, 127 extérieurs au boîtier 114 et de ce levier interne 116. On comprend alors que le déplacement du piston 108, sous l'effet d'une commande transmise dans le canal hydraulique 61 relié à un conduit d'alimentation 73 lui-même relié à la canalisation 3, entraîne un mouvement de rotation du levier interne 116 autour de l'axe A', et donc une rotation des leviers extérieurs 126, 127.The transmission of the movement commands of the piston 108 is carried out by the joining, at the level of the axis of rotation A ′ of the internal lever 116, of two levers 126, 127 external to the housing 114 and of this internal lever 116. It is then understood that the displacement of the piston 108, under the effect of a command transmitted in the hydraulic channel 61 connected to a supply duct 73 itself connected to the pipe 3, causes a movement of rotation of the internal lever 116 around the 'axis A', and therefore a rotation of the external levers 126, 127.
Les leviers extérieurs 126, 127 sont symétriques l'un de l'autre. Ils sont d'une longueur supérieure à celle du levier interne 116. Ils constituent une fourchette de transmission des efforts à la butée de débrayage 111. Le mouvement angulaire des leviers extérieurs 126, 127 est identique, par construction, à celui du levier interne 116.The external levers 126, 127 are symmetrical to each other. They are of a length greater than that of the internal lever 116. They constitute a fork for transmitting the forces to the declutching stop 111. The angular movement of the external levers 126, 127 is identical, by construction, to that of the internal lever 116 .
Le détail du montage mécanique des trois leviers 116, 126 et 127 est visible sur la figure 7. Il est réalisé d'une façon généralement identique au montage des trois leviers 16, 26 et 27 de l'émetteur 1. On utilise ici aussi des douilles à rochet 129, 130 disposées sur un arbre 128 de part et d'autre du levier interne central 116. Le boîtier 114 présente dans ses parois latérales 152, 153 deux alésages circulaires 131, 132, détaille adaptée à permettre le passage de l'arbre 128 entouré des douilles à rochet 129, 130, elles-mêmes 16 entourées de coussinets 66, 67. Les leviers extérieurs 1 26, 1 27 sont emboîtés sur l'arbre 1 28 et serrés en place contre les douilles à rochet 1 29, 1 30 et le levier interne 1 1 6, par sertissage.The detail of the mechanical assembly of the three levers 116, 126 and 127 is visible in FIG. 7. It is produced in a generally identical manner to the assembly of the three levers 16, 26 and 27 of the transmitter 1. Here too ratchet bushings 129, 130 arranged on a shaft 128 on either side of the central internal lever 116. The housing 114 has in its side walls 152, 153 two circular bores 131, 132, details adapted to allow the passage of the shaft 128 surrounded by ratchet bushings 129, 130, themselves 16 surrounded by bearings 66, 67. The external levers 1 26, 1 27 are fitted onto the shaft 1 28 and clamped in place against the ratchet bushings 1 29, 1 30 and the internal lever 1 1 6, by crimping.
Deux joints à lèvre 64, 65 sont montés à la surface extérieure des douilles à rochet 1 29, 1 30, entre le levier interne 1 1 6 et les coussinets 66, 67. Les joints à lèvre 64, 65 travaillent très peu dans la mesure où le déplacement angulaire de l'arbre 1 28 est limité à environ plus ou moins 10° .Two lip seals 64, 65 are mounted on the outer surface of the ratchet bushings 1 29, 1 30, between the internal lever 1 1 6 and the bearings 66, 67. The lip seals 64, 65 work very little in the measurement where the angular displacement of the shaft 1 28 is limited to approximately plus or minus 10 °.
Le boîtier 1 1 4 est préférentiellement réalisé en aluminium injecté selon une technique connue. Il comporte deux pattes de fixation externes 1 43 de type classique. Un couvercle arrière 1 38 vient clore le boîtier 1 1 4. Ce couvercle 1 38 est réalisé dans une matière souple, telle qu'un élastomère, en forme de membrane adaptée à se déformer de façon élastique pour absorber la variation de volume due à l'avancée du piston lorsque le circuit est pressurisé. Il est emboîté sur le corps du boîtier 1 14, un collier 1 39 par exemple métallique venant mettre en prise le rebord du couvercle 1 38 avec un cran périphérique 1 40 ménagé sur le corps du boîtier 1 14.The housing 1 1 4 is preferably made of injected aluminum according to a known technique. It comprises two external fixing lugs 1 43 of the conventional type. A rear cover 1 38 closes the housing 1 1 4. This cover 1 38 is made of a flexible material, such as an elastomer, in the form of a membrane adapted to deform elastically to absorb the variation in volume due to the advance of the piston when the circuit is pressurized. It is fitted onto the body of the housing 1 14, a collar 1 39 for example metal coming from engaging the edge of the cover 1 38 with a peripheral notch 1 40 formed on the body of the housing 1 14.
Le volume aval 1 45 est normalement rempli de fluide hydraulique ; pour éviter que la membrane 1 38 ne soit soumise à une pression interne résidente, le boîtier 1 1 4 présente en sa partie supérieure un embout 71 connecté à un tube 72 de retour du fluide vers le réservoir de l'émetteur, en dessous du niveau normal 1 5 de celui-ci, et préférentiellement en partie inférieure du volume de réserve 45, ce qui permet de maintenir le récepteur 2 rempli de fluide ; ainsi, la membrane 1 38 est passagèrement déformée, le temps que met le fluide à traverser l'embout 71 . Le fonctionnement de l'émetteur 1 et du récepteur 2 selon l'invention est classique et conforme de manière globale au fonctionnement d'un circuit de commande hydraulique traditionnel. Il a été en partie décrit ci-dessus.The downstream volume 1 45 is normally filled with hydraulic fluid; to prevent the diaphragm 1 38 from being subjected to a resident internal pressure, the casing 1 1 4 has in its upper part a nozzle 71 connected to a tube 72 for returning the fluid to the reservoir of the transmitter, below the level normal 1 5 thereof, and preferably in the lower part of the reserve volume 45, which keeps the receiver 2 filled with fluid; thus, the membrane 1 38 is temporarily deformed, the time it takes for the fluid to pass through the nozzle 71. The operation of the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 according to the invention is conventional and generally conforms to the operation of a traditional hydraulic control circuit. It has been partially described above.
L'émetteur 1 selon l'invention est installé de façon analogue à celle d'un maître cylindre classique, voire en remplacement de ceux-ci sur un 17 véhicule existant, les brides de fixation 43 qu'il comporte étant conçues pour être compatibles avec les écartements classiques en ce domaine.The transmitter 1 according to the invention is installed in a similar manner to that of a conventional master cylinder, or even in replacement of these on a 17 existing vehicle, the fixing flanges 43 which it comprises being designed to be compatible with conventional spacings in this area.
La tige de commande 1 1 est attachée aux leviers extérieurs 26, 27, et la canalisation 3 est raccordée au boîtier 1 4. Le récepteur 2 selon l'invention est également installé de façon traditionnelle.The control rod 1 1 is attached to the external levers 26, 27, and the pipe 3 is connected to the housing 1 4. The receiver 2 according to the invention is also installed in the traditional way.
Après remplissage du réservoir de l 'émetteur 1 , qui peut être effectué à travers le clapet d'admission 42, et vidage de l'air du circuit réalisé selon une technique connue de l'homme du métier, l 'émetteur 1 selon l'invention s'utilise de façon classique.After filling the reservoir of the emitter 1, which can be carried out through the intake valve 42, and emptying the air of the circuit produced according to a technique known to those skilled in the art, the emitter 1 according to the invention is used conventionally.
Au repos, ici en mode embrayé, le piston 8 est en position arrière C sous l'effet du ressort 10. Les stries 25 permettent alors le passage du fluide. Lors d'un appui sur la pédale de débrayage 4 par l'utilisateur, le piston 8 est sollicité et avance dans la chambre 9 en répercutant, au delà du passage des stries 25, ou du jeu axial 55, sur le récepteur 2 une variation de volume qui provoque le débrayage.At rest, here in engaged mode, the piston 8 is in the rear position C under the effect of the spring 10. The ridges 25 then allow the passage of the fluid. When the user disengages the clutch pedal 4, the piston 8 is acted upon and advances in the chamber 9, passing on, beyond the passage of the ridges 25, or the axial clearance 55, on the receiver 2 a variation volume that causes the clutch.
Comme on l'aura compris à la lecture de la description qui précède, les avantages principaux sont les suivants :As will be understood from reading the above description, the main advantages are as follows:
- utilisation de joints de pression de technologie simple et économique, - montage très simple du joint sur les pistons,- use of pressure seals of simple and economical technology, - very simple mounting of the seal on the pistons,
- absence d'usinages sophistiqués,- absence of sophisticated machining,
- absence des inconvénients des fuites classiques et étanchéité à l'air du circuit hydraulique nettement simplifiée,- absence of the drawbacks of conventional leaks and air tightness of the hydraulic circuit clearly simplified,
- efficacité du mécanisme anti-retour de fluide lors de la pressurisation du circuit, basé ici sur le découvrement ou recouvrement de stries ou de jeu par le piston, au lieu du dispositif traditionnel à clapet. Un dispositif traditionnel à clapet réagit mal à une sollicitation de faible poussée sur la pédale de débrayage, qui ne provoque pas la fermeture complète du clapet, le fluide continuant à remonter dans le réservoir tandis que la pédale "s'enfonce" . Dans le cas présent, dès que le piston est au delà des stries, 18 l'étanchéité est indépendante de la pression exercée sur la pédale de débrayage.- effectiveness of the anti-return fluid mechanism during the pressurization of the circuit, based here on the uncovering or covering of streaks or play by the piston, instead of the traditional valve device. A traditional valve device reacts badly to a low push on the clutch pedal, which does not cause the valve to close completely, the fluid continuing to rise in the tank while the pedal "sinks". In this case, as soon as the piston is beyond the ridges, 18 the seal is independent of the pressure exerted on the clutch pedal.
Les stries sont aménagées en sorte que le passage des stries à l'alésage ne provoque aucune blessure du joint. De nombreuses variantes peuvent être considérées en fonction des circonstances d'utilisation, tant en ce qui concerne le mode de solidarisation des leviers internes et externes (une soudure des leviers sur les douilles peut fournir une solution efficace), que le détail de réalisation du piston ou des stries de ré-alimentation en fluide hydraulique. La portée de la présente invention ne se limite pas aux détails des formes de réalisation ci-dessus considérées à titre d'exemple, mais s'étend au contraire aux modifications à la portée de l'homme du métier. Par exemple, le choix d'un moyen de transmission du mouvement de l'organe de commande au piston autre que le montage par trois leviers dont l'axe est situé hors du niveau du fluide, tel que décrit de façon non limitative à titre d'exemple ci- dessus, permet encore de parvenir à un joint de pression de la chambre totalement immergé dans le fluide. The grooves are arranged so that the passage of the grooves to the bore does not cause any injury to the seal. Many variants can be considered depending on the circumstances of use, both with regard to the method of securing the internal and external levers (welding the levers on the sockets can provide an effective solution), as the detail of the piston or streaks of re-supply of hydraulic fluid. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments considered by way of example, but on the contrary extends to modifications within the scope of a person skilled in the art. For example, the choice of a means of transmitting the movement of the control member to the piston other than mounting by three levers whose axis is located outside the level of the fluid, as described in a nonlimiting manner by way of 'example above, still allows to reach a pressure seal of the chamber fully immersed in the fluid.

Claims

19 REVENDICATIONS 19 CLAIMS
1 . Emetteur ( 1 ) pour commande hydraulique, destiné à être commandé par un organe de commande (4) et comportant une chambre hydraulique (9), dans laquelle un piston (8) est monté coulissant à étanchéité, grâce à un joint ( 1 8) qu'il porte, et y définit une chambre de pression (44) de volume variable reliée à une canalisation hydraulique (3), un réservoir (6) de fluide hydraulique relié à ladite chambre de pression (44) par au moins un passage (25), un moyen évitant le retour de fluide vers le réservoir (6) lors de la pressurisation de la canalisation (3), un moyen de transmission ( 1 6, 26, 27) du mouvement de l'organe de commande (4) au piston (8), caractérisé en ce que la chambre hydraulique (9) est prolongée selon son axe longitudinal (B) par un volume de réserve (45), adapté à accueillir le piston (8) dans sa position de repos (C), lorsque le circuit n'est pas pressurisé, ledit volume de réserve (45) contenant du fluide hydraulique jusqu'à un niveau ( 1 5) suffisant pour que le joint (1 8) y soit noyé, la chambre hydraulique (9) et le volume de réserve (45) étant ménagés dans un seul boîtier (1 4), et en ce que le moyen de transmission (1 6, 26, 27) est constitué d'au moins deux parties, dont l'une ( 1 6) est interne au boîtier (1 4) et connectée au piston (6), dont l'autre (26, 27) est extérieure au boîtier (1 4), les deux parties ( 1 6, 26-27) étant reliées par un moyen traversant la paroi (52, 53) du boîtier.1. Transmitter (1) for hydraulic control, intended to be controlled by a control member (4) and comprising a hydraulic chamber (9), in which a piston (8) is slidably sealed, by means of a seal (1 8) that it carries, and defines there a pressure chamber (44) of variable volume connected to a hydraulic pipe (3), a reservoir (6) of hydraulic fluid connected to said pressure chamber (44) by at least one passage ( 25), a means preventing the return of fluid to the reservoir (6) during the pressurization of the pipe (3), a means of transmission (1 6, 26, 27) of the movement of the control member (4) to the piston (8), characterized in that the hydraulic chamber (9) is extended along its longitudinal axis (B) by a reserve volume (45), adapted to receive the piston (8) in its rest position (C) , when the circuit is not pressurized, said reserve volume (45) containing hydraulic fluid up to a level (1 5 ) sufficient for the seal (1 8) to be embedded therein, the hydraulic chamber (9) and the reserve volume (45) being provided in a single housing (1 4), and in that the transmission means (1 6 , 26, 27) consists of at least two parts, one of which (1 6) is internal to the housing (1 4) and connected to the piston (6), the other of which (26, 27) is external to the housing (1 4), the two parts (1 6, 26-27) being connected by means passing through the wall (52, 53) of the housing.
2. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la partie interne ( 1 6) au boîtier ( 1 4) traverse la surface libre du liquide et le moyen traversant le boîtier ( 14) traverse celui-ci au dessus du niveau du liquide.2. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal part (1 6) of the housing (1 4) crosses the free surface of the liquid and the means passing through the housing (14) crosses the latter above the liquid level .
3. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le volume de réserve (45) est adapté à contenir du fluide hydraulique jusqu'à un niveau normal de fluide ( 1 5) pour constituer le réservoir (6) de compensation volumétrique du circuit hydraulique.3. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the reserve volume (45) is adapted to contain hydraulic fluid up to a normal level of fluid (1 5) to constitute the reservoir (6) of volumetric compensation of the circuit hydraulic.
4. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen de transmission comporte trois leviers (1 6, 26, 27) solidaires d'un arbre (28) libre en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal (A) et traversant les parois 20 latérales (52, 53) du boîtier ( 1 4), l'un des leviers dit interne ( 1 6) étant inclus dans le réservoir (6) et les deux autres leviers dits extérieurs (26, 27) étant à l'extérieur du boîtier ( 14), de part et d'autre de celui-ci.4. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission means comprises three levers (1 6, 26, 27) integral with a shaft (28) free to rotate about a horizontal axis (A) and passing through them walls 20 lateral (52, 53) of the housing (1 4), one of the so-called internal levers (1 6) being included in the reservoir (6) and the two other so-called external levers (26, 27) being outside of the housing (14), on either side thereof.
5. Emetteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la chambre hydraulique (9) et le volume de réserve (45) sont intégrés dans le boîtier ( 1 4), lequel est sensiblement symétrique selon un plan vertical comprenant l'axe longitudinal (B) de la chambre de pression (44), les parois latérales (52, 53) du boîtier ( 1 4) étant principalement verticales et les trois leviers ( 1 6, 26, 27) étant de géométrie sensiblement identique. 5. Transmitter according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydraulic chamber (9) and the reserve volume (45) are integrated in the housing (1 4), which is substantially symmetrical along a vertical plane comprising the longitudinal axis ( B) of the pressure chamber (44), the side walls (52, 53) of the housing (1 4) being mainly vertical and the three levers (1 6, 26, 27) being of substantially identical geometry.
6. Emetteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les trois leviers ( 1 6, 26, 27) ont des longueurs identiques.6. Transmitter according to claim 4, characterized in that the three levers (1 6, 26, 27) have identical lengths.
7. Emetteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la solidarisation des leviers (1 6, 26, 27) sur l'arbre (28) comporte des douilles (29, 30) emboîtées sur l'arbre (28) entre ces leviers. 7. Transmitter according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection of the levers (1 6, 26, 27) on the shaft (28) comprises sockets (29, 30) fitted on the shaft (28) between these levers .
8. Emetteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les douilles8. Transmitter according to claim 7, characterized in that the sockets
(29,30) sont des douilles à rochet en un matériau plus dur que celui des leviers ( 1 6,26,27) et sur lesquelles sont incrustés les leviers ( 1 6, 26, 27) .(29.30) are ratchet bushings made of a material harder than that of the levers (1 6,26,27) and on which the levers (1 6, 26, 27) are embedded.
9. Emetteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'étanchéité du boîtier ( 1 4) au niveau de l'arbre (28) est assurée par des joints annulaires (34, 35) emboîtés à l'extérieur des douilles (29, 30), entre le levier interne ( 1 6) et les parois latérales (52, 53) du boîtier ( 1 4) .9. Transmitter according to claim 7, characterized in that the sealing of the housing (1 4) at the level of the shaft (28) is ensured by annular seals (34, 35) fitted outside the sockets (29 , 30), between the internal lever (1 6) and the side walls (52, 53) of the housing (1 4).
1 0. Emetteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les trois leviers ( 1 6, 26, 27) sont solidarisés à l'arbre (28) dans la même position angulaire. 1 0. Transmitter according to claim 7, characterized in that the three levers (1 6, 26, 27) are secured to the shaft (28) in the same angular position.
1 1 . Emetteur selon la revendication 1 0, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier1 1. Transmitter according to claim 1 0, characterized in that the housing
( 1 4) comporte sur les faces extérieures de ses parois latérales (52, 53) des nervures (36, 37) formant butées pour limiter l'amplitude maximale des mouvements des leviers (26, 27) . 21(1 4) has on the outer faces of its side walls (52, 53) ribs (36, 37) forming stops to limit the maximum range of movement of the levers (26, 27). 21
1 2. Emetteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la tête du piston (8) est guidée par la paroi interne de la chambre hydraulique (9) au cours de sa trajectoire.1 2. A transmitter according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston head (8) is guided by the internal wall of the hydraulic chamber (9) during its trajectory.
1 3. Emetteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le piston (8) présente une tête en forme de couronne sphérique ( 1 7) tenant compte de l'angle de basculement (48) maximum du piston (8) du fait de la trajectoire de sa partie arrière par laquelle il est connecté au levier interne ( 1 6) .1 3. A transmitter according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston (8) has a head in the form of a spherical crown (1 7) taking into account the maximum tilt angle (48) of the piston (8) due to the trajectory of its rear part by which it is connected to the internal lever (1 6).
1 4. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les passages (25) reliant le réservoir (6) à la chambre de pression (44) sont des stries (25) creusées dans la paroi intérieure de la chambre cylindrique (9) au niveau de son débouché dans le volume de réserve (45), ces stries (25) étant de direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal (B) de la chambre cylindrique (9) .1 4. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the passages (25) connecting the reservoir (6) to the pressure chamber (44) are ridges (25) hollowed out in the inner wall of the cylindrical chamber (9) at its outlet in the reserve volume (45), these ridges (25) being in direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (B) of the cylindrical chamber (9).
1 5. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les passages (25) reliant le réservoir (6) à la chambre de pression (44) sont des stries (25) ménagées à la périphérie externe d'une bague (46) emmanchée dans un embrèvement (47) ménagé à l'intérieur du boîtier ( 1 4) à l'entrée de la chambre cylindrique (9) avec laquelle elles communiquent par un jeu axial (55) . 1 5. A transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the passages (25) connecting the reservoir (6) to the pressure chamber (44) are ridges (25) formed at the outer periphery of a ring (46) fitted into a recess (47) formed inside the housing (1 4) at the entrance to the cylindrical chamber (9) with which they communicate by an axial clearance (55).
1 6. Emetteur selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les stries1 6. A transmitter according to claim 14, characterized in that the streaks
(25) sont réparties angulairement de façon régulière.(25) are distributed angularly in a regular manner.
1 7. Emetteur selon la revendication 4 et l'une des revendications 14 à 1 6, caractérisé en ce que au moins les extrémités des stries (25) sont disposées selon un angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (B) de la chambre cylindrique (9) de façon correspondant à la position de repos (C) du piston (8) .1 7. Transmitter according to claim 4 and one of claims 14 to 1 6, characterized in that at least the ends of the ridges (25) are arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis (B) of the chamber cylindrical (9) corresponding to the rest position (C) of the piston (8).
1 8. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen évitant le retour de fluide vers le réservoir lors de la pressurisation du circuit est constitué par le joint ( 1 8) . 221 8. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the means preventing the return of fluid to the reservoir during the pressurization of the circuit consists of the seal (1 8). 22
1 9. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 8, caractérisé en ce que le joint ( 1 8), par exemple torique ou de section rectangulaire, est un joint torique placé au droit des extrémités des stries (25) lorsque le piston (8) est en position de repos (C) . 1 9. Transmitter according to claim 1 8, characterized in that the seal (1 8), for example O-ring or of rectangular section, is an O-ring placed in line with the ends of the ridges (25) when the piston (8) is in the rest position (C).
20. Emetteur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le boîtier20. Transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing
( 1 4) comporte un clapet d'admission (42) d'air disposé au dessus du niveau normal de fluide ( 1 5) .(1 4) comprises an air intake valve (42) disposed above the normal level of fluid (1 5).
21 . Emetteur selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier ( 14) comporte un clapet d'échappement (41 ) d'air disposé au dessus du niveau normal de fluide (1 5).21. Transmitter according to claim 20, characterized in that the housing (14) comprises an air exhaust valve (41) disposed above the normal level of fluid (1 5).
22. Emetteur selon la revendication 21 , caractérisé en ce que le boîtier ( 14) comporte un couvercle (38) .22. Transmitter according to claim 21, characterized in that the housing (14) comprises a cover (38).
23. Emetteur selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (38) constitue la paroi arrière du volume de réserve (45) et du réservoir (6), ladite paroi étant sensiblement verticale et perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (B) de la chambre cylindrique (9) .23. Transmitter according to claim 22, characterized in that the cover (38) constitutes the rear wall of the reserve volume (45) and of the reservoir (6), said wall being substantially vertical and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (B) of the cylindrical chamber (9).
24. Emetteur selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (38) comporte un rebord (39) adapté à venir s'emboîter sur un cran périphérique (40) ménagé sur le corps du boîtier ( 1 4) . 24. Transmitter according to claim 22, characterized in that the cover (38) has a flange (39) adapted to come to fit on a peripheral notch (40) formed on the body of the housing (1 4).
25. Emetteur selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un joint (54) adapté à venir se loger entre le couvercle (38) et le corps du boîtier ( 1 4) .25. Transmitter according to claim 24, characterized in that it comprises a seal (54) adapted to be received between the cover (38) and the housing body (1 4).
26. Emetteur selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que au moins l'un des clapets (41 , 42) est porté par le couvercle (38) . 26. Transmitter according to claim 22, characterized in that at least one of the valves (41, 42) is carried by the cover (38).
27. Commande hydraulique comprenant un émetteur ( 1 ) et un récepteur (2) reliés par une canalisation hydraulique (3), caractérisée en ce que l'émetteur ( 1 ) est conforme à la revendication 1 .27. Hydraulic control comprising a transmitter (1) and a receiver (2) connected by a hydraulic line (3), characterized in that the transmitter (1) conforms to claim 1.
28. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 27, comprenant un récepteur (2) comportant une chambre cylindrique ( 1 09), un piston ( 108) monté coulissant dans la chambre cylindrique ( 109) pour y définir une 23 chambre de pression • (144) de volume variable reliée à la canalisation hydraulique (3), un moyen de transmission (116, 126, 127) des mouvements du piston (108) à l'extérieur, un moyen pour rendre étanche la chambre de pression (144), ledit récepteur étant caractérisé en ce que la chambre de pression (144) est prolongée selon son axe longitudinal (B') par un volume aval (145) adapté à accueillir le piston (108) dans sa position de pression, lorsque le circuit est pressurisé, la chambre cylindrique (109) et le volume aval (145) étant intégrés dans un seul boîtier (114), et le moyen de transmission (116, 126, 127) est constitué d'au moins deux parties, dont l'une (116) est interne au boîtier (114) et dont l'autre (126, 127) est externe au boîtier (114), les deux parties étant reliées par un moyen traversant la paroi (152, 153) du boîtier (114) de façon étanche.28. Hydraulic control according to claim 27, comprising a receiver (2) comprising a cylindrical chamber (109), a piston (108) slidably mounted in the cylindrical chamber (109) to define a 23 pressure chamber • (144) of variable volume connected to the hydraulic pipe (3), a means of transmission (116, 126, 127) of the movements of the piston (108) outside, a means for sealing the chamber pressure (144), said receiver being characterized in that the pressure chamber (144) is extended along its longitudinal axis (B ') by a downstream volume (145) adapted to receive the piston (108) in its pressure position , when the circuit is pressurized, the cylindrical chamber (109) and the downstream volume (145) being integrated in a single housing (114), and the transmission means (116, 126, 127) consists of at least two parts , one of which (116) is internal to the housing (114) and the other (126, 127) of which is external to the housing (114), the two parts being connected by means passing through the wall (152, 153) of the housing (114) sealingly.
29. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 28, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de transmission (116, 126, 127) comporte trois leviers (116, 126, 127) solidaires d'un arbre (128) libre en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal (A') traversant les parois latérales (152, 153) du boîtier (114), l'un (116) des leviers dit interne étant situé dans le boîtier (114) et les deux autres leviers dits externes (126,127), extérieurs au boîtier, étant symétriques et de longueur supérieure à celle du levier interne (116). 29. Hydraulic control according to claim 28, characterized in that the transmission means (116, 126, 127) comprises three levers (116, 126, 127) integral with a shaft (128) free to rotate about an axis horizontal (A ') passing through the side walls (152, 153) of the housing (114), one (116) of the so-called internal levers being located in the housing (114) and the two other so-called external (126,127) levers to the housing, being symmetrical and of length greater than that of the internal lever (116).
30. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 29, caractérisée en ce que la solidarisation des leviers (116, 126, 127) et de l'arbre (128) est réalisée par des douilles à rochet (129, 130) en un matériau plus dur que celui des leviers (116,126,127) emboîtées sur l'arbre (128) entre ces leviers et sur lesquelles sont incrustés les leviers (116, 126, 127). 30. Hydraulic control according to claim 29, characterized in that the connection of the levers (116, 126, 127) and the shaft (128) is carried out by ratchet bushings (129, 130) made of a material harder than that of the levers (116,126,127) fitted onto the shaft (128) between these levers and on which the levers (116, 126, 127) are embedded.
31. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 30, caractérisée en ce que l'étanchéité du boîtier (114) au droit de l'arbre (128) supportant les trois leviers (116, 126, 127) est assurée par des joints à lèvre (64, 65) emboîtés à l'extérieur des douilles (129, 130) et disposés axialement entre le levier interne (116) et les parois latérales (152, 153) du boîtier (114). 2431. Hydraulic control according to claim 30, characterized in that the sealing of the housing (114) in line with the shaft (128) supporting the three levers (116, 126, 127) is ensured by lip seals (64 , 65) fitted outside the sockets (129, 130) and arranged axially between the internal lever (116) and the side walls (152, 153) of the housing (114). 24
32. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 31, caractérisée en ce que des coussinets (66, 67) sont emboîtés entre les douilles (129, 130) et le boîtier (114).32. Hydraulic control according to claim 31, characterized in that bearings (66, 67) are fitted between the sockets (129, 130) and the housing (114).
33. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 28, caractérisée en ce que la tête du piston (108) du récepteur (2) est guidée dans la chambre cylindrique (109).33. Hydraulic control according to claim 28, characterized in that the head of the piston (108) of the receiver (2) is guided in the cylindrical chamber (109).
34. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 28, caractérisée en ce qu'un canal hydraulique d'alimentation (61) débouche dans la chambre cylindrique (109), ladite chambre comportant une chemise métallique (60), alésée à l'embouchure du canal hydraulique (61), et épousant la forme intérieure de la chambre cylindrique (109) qu'elle tapisse.34. Hydraulic control according to claim 28, characterized in that a hydraulic supply channel (61) opens into the cylindrical chamber (109), said chamber comprising a metal jacket (60), bored at the mouth of the hydraulic channel (61), and conforming to the internal shape of the cylindrical chamber (109) which it lines.
35. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 31, caractérisée en ce que la tête (117) du piston (108) porte un joint d'étanchéité (118), tel qu'un joint torique, disposé à l'avant du piston (108), et maintenu en place par des pattes de serrage d'un applicateur (119) épousant la forme interne du piston (108) prévu creux.35. Hydraulic control according to claim 31, characterized in that the head (117) of the piston (108) carries a seal (118), such as an O-ring, disposed at the front of the piston (108) , and held in place by clamping lugs of an applicator (119) matching the internal shape of the piston (108) provided hollow.
36. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 35, caractérisée en ce qu'un ressort hélicoïdal (110) est disposé entre le boîtier (114) et le piston (108), ledit ressort hélicoïdal (110) prenant appui côté boîtier (114) sur la chemise métallique (60) et côté piston (108) sur l'applicateur (119).36. Hydraulic control according to claim 35, characterized in that a helical spring (110) is disposed between the housing (114) and the piston (108), said helical spring (110) bearing on the housing side (114) on the metal jacket (60) and piston side (108) on the applicator (119).
37. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 34, caractérisée en ce qu'un joint (62), par exemple torique ou de section rectangulaire, est inséré entre le fond de la chambre cylindrique (109) et la chemise métallique (60), ledit joint (62) entourant le débouché (63) du canal hydraulique (61) dans la chambre cylindrique (109).37. Hydraulic control according to claim 34, characterized in that a seal (62), for example O-ring or of rectangular section, is inserted between the bottom of the cylindrical chamber (109) and the metal jacket (60), said seal (62) surrounding the outlet (63) of the hydraulic channel (61) in the cylindrical chamber (109).
38. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 33, caractérisée en ce que le piston (108) du récepteur (2) comporte dans sa face avant (68) une sculpture hémisphérique en creux destinée à accueillir la tête (69) du levier interne (116) dont la forme est complémentaire. 2538. Hydraulic control according to claim 33, characterized in that the piston (108) of the receiver (2) has in its front face (68) a hemispherical hollow sculpture intended to receive the head (69) of the internal lever (116) whose form is complementary. 25
39. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 33, caractérisée en ce que le piston (108) du récepteur (2) a une surface périphérique sensiblement tronconique.39. Hydraulic control according to claim 33, characterized in that the piston (108) of the receiver (2) has a substantially frustoconical peripheral surface.
40. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 39, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (114) du récepteur (2) comporte un couvercle amovible40. Hydraulic control according to claim 39, characterized in that the housing (114) of the receiver (2) has a removable cover
(138).(138).
41. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 40, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (138) du boîtier (114) du récepteur (2) constitue la paroi avant du volume aval (145), sensiblement verticale et perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (B') de la chambre cylindrique (109).41. Hydraulic control according to claim 40, characterized in that the cover (138) of the housing (114) of the receiver (2) constitutes the front wall of the downstream volume (145), substantially vertical and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (B ') of the cylindrical chamber (109).
42. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 41, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle amovible (138) du récepteur (2) est en une matière souple formant membrane.42. Hydraulic control according to claim 41, characterized in that the removable cover (138) of the receiver (2) is made of a flexible material forming a membrane.
43. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 28, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (114) du récepteur (2) comporte un retour (71) destiné à retourner vers le réservoir de l'émetteur (1) le fluide hydraulique du volume aval (145).43. Hydraulic control according to claim 28, characterized in that the housing (114) of the receiver (2) has a return (71) intended to return the hydraulic fluid of the downstream volume (145) to the tank of the transmitter (1) ).
44. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 36, caractérisée en ce que la commande est une commande hydraulique pour embrayage. 44. Hydraulic control according to claim 36, characterized in that the control is a hydraulic control for clutch.
45. Commande hydraulique selon la revendication 44, dans laquelle l'embrayage comporte des moyens élastiques de serrage et des moyens de débrayage constitués de leviers de débrayage, une butée de débrayage (111) destinée à agir sur l'extrémité des leviers de débrayage pour le débrayage de l'embrayage étant prévue, caractérisée en ce que le ressort hélicoïdal (110) soumet le levier interne (116) à un effort tel que, par l'intermédiaire des leviers extérieurs (126,127), la butée de débrayage (111) est au contact des leviers de débrayage, les moyens élastiques de serrage de l'embrayage ayant une charge très supérieure à celle du ressort hélicoïdal (110). 45. Hydraulic control according to claim 44, in which the clutch comprises elastic clamping means and declutching means constituted by declutching levers, a declutching stop (111) intended to act on the end of the declutching levers for the clutch disengaging being provided, characterized in that the helical spring (110) subjects the internal lever (116) to a force such that, by means of the external levers (126,127), the disengaging stop (111) is in contact with the declutching levers, the elastic means for clamping the clutch having a load much greater than that of the helical spring (110).
EP99915795A 1998-04-10 1999-04-09 Hydraulic transmitter with incorporated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter Withdrawn EP0988463A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9804574A FR2777330B1 (en) 1998-04-10 1998-04-10 HYDRAULIC RECEIVER WITH LEVERS AND HYDRAULIC CONTROL COMPRISING SUCH A RECEIVER
FR9804574 1998-04-10
FR9804573A FR2777329B1 (en) 1998-04-10 1998-04-10 HYDRAULIC TRANSMITTER WITH INTEGRATED TANK AND HYDRAULIC CONTROL COMPRISING SUCH A TRANSMITTER
FR9804573 1998-04-10
PCT/FR1999/000840 WO1999053210A1 (en) 1998-04-10 1999-04-09 Hydraulic transmitter with incorporated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0988463A1 true EP0988463A1 (en) 2000-03-29

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EP99915795A Withdrawn EP0988463A1 (en) 1998-04-10 1999-04-09 Hydraulic transmitter with incorporated reservoir and hydraulic control comprising such a transmitter

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US (1) US6298968B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0988463A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002505732A (en)
KR (1) KR20010013528A (en)
DE (1) DE19980708T1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999053210A1 (en)

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DE19980708T1 (en) 1998-04-10 2000-07-06 Valeo Hydraulic sensor device with an integrated container and a hydraulic actuation comprising such a sensor device
CN108662048B (en) * 2018-08-13 2023-07-04 眉山中车制动科技股份有限公司 Locking mechanism

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US6298968B1 (en) 2001-10-09
KR20010013528A (en) 2001-02-26
DE19980708T1 (en) 2000-07-06
WO1999053210A1 (en) 1999-10-21
JP2002505732A (en) 2002-02-19

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