EP0976914B1 - System and process providing rapid power reserve in combined gas- and steam turbines plants - Google Patents

System and process providing rapid power reserve in combined gas- and steam turbines plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0976914B1
EP0976914B1 EP19980810728 EP98810728A EP0976914B1 EP 0976914 B1 EP0976914 B1 EP 0976914B1 EP 19980810728 EP19980810728 EP 19980810728 EP 98810728 A EP98810728 A EP 98810728A EP 0976914 B1 EP0976914 B1 EP 0976914B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steam
steam turbine
pressure
heat reservoir
appliance according
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EP19980810728
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0976914A1 (en
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Erhard Dr. Liebig
Jean-Pierre Rickli
Werner Schmidhofer
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Alstom SA
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP19980810728 priority Critical patent/EP0976914B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/106Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the rapid provision of Power reserves in combined gas and steam turbine systems.
  • the competitiveness of individual electricity providers in the field of electrical Energy supply, especially in those characterized by growing competition Markets depends not least on how fast the electricity generating Plants are able to supply electrical power to the Generate consumption networks.
  • the electricity provider is often preferred given that within a few seconds to cover the energy requirement required electrical power, especially at times of high power consumption, can provide. It also plays for assessment the quality of electricity generating systems as well as the frequency stability of the generated electrical power play an important role. Occur frequency fluctuations in the electrical power generated by power plants, which typically These deviate from the usual mains frequency of 50 or 60 Hz for the fact that the power plant in terms of control technology or performance Limits have reached and the energy demand in the network of a major change subject.
  • Primary Response means the provision of additional performance reserves within 10 seconds for a period of about 20 seconds.
  • “Secondary Response” means that power reserves within 30 seconds must be made available for a further 30 minutes.
  • “Five Minute Reserve” means that power reserves within 5 minutes be available for at least four hours.
  • the throttling of the steam turbine inlet valves causes not only the throttling effect at the beginning of the expansion a shortening of the expansion (enthalpy gradient) on End of expansion and thus a loss of performance.
  • the Full opening of the intake valves extends the gradient in the steam turbine and thus also generates additional power.
  • any Tapping or extraction within the water-steam cycle closed become. All those places are listed under taps or withdrawals understood the steam turbine from which steam is removed in a targeted manner. In the event of tapping the pressure of the extracted steam is not regulated, but rather depends on the current steam turbine load. In contrast this is called removal when the steam is removed at a controlled pressure will, i.e. a special regulatory body is provided.
  • the measures outlined above to increase performance are used in pure steam turbine power plants.
  • pure Steam turbine power plants are combined gas and steam power plants on the steam turbine side usually operated in the so-called fixed-pressure sliding pressure mode.
  • a constant steam pressure is set by the inlet valves on the steam turbine be driven in a controlled manner.
  • the steam turbine inlet valves fully open so that the pressure as a result of the steam turbine and steam generator behavior according to the operating conditions driven can slide.
  • Heat recovery steam generators therefore have in particular not only one pressure level for larger systems.
  • each Pressure stage consists of the evaporator and according to the circuit or Application from associated economizer and superheater.
  • each Heat recovery steam generator is designed as rotary drum evaporators. In modern Plants are also increasingly being used in forced-flow steam generators. see also DE 195 44 225 A1.
  • Document EP-A-0 439 754 shows one Combination system with a steam spoke to start up the steam turbine of the plant serves.
  • the invention has for its object a device and a method for the rapid provision of power reserves for combined gas and Steam turbine systems with the lowest possible losses and largely unchanged indicate high efficiency.
  • the power reserves should from the steam turbine part of the combi system within a very short time can be put.
  • a gas and steam turbine system with a water-steam circuit to drive the steam turbine via at least one inlet valve connected to this, at least in addition to the heat recovery steam generator a heat accumulator, which is coupled to the heat recovery steam generator and from the saturated water or steam required for the waste heat steam generator rapid provision of power reserves can be fed.
  • waste heat steam generators and water-steam circuits from combined Gas steam turbine systems are from the book by R. Kehlhofer, "Combined-Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants", The Fairmont Press, Inc.
  • the waste heat steam generator has at least one evaporator system, usually designed as a rotary drum evaporator with associated economizer and superheater. In the case of multi-pressure systems, there are numerous Economizer circuits possible. The presence of superheaters depends on the water-steam cycle and the parameters.
  • the amount of steam production within the heat recovery steam generator depends not least, under dynamic conditions, also of the capacity the drum and the pressure conditions prevailing in it.
  • the invention is based on the idea of an optimal for the performance data of a combined heat and power plant designed waste heat steam generator connect additional heat storage.
  • the additional heat accumulator according to the invention which serves as a "silent reserve" is advantageously designed as a pressure vessel in which saturated water conditions to rule.
  • the charging of such an additional saturated water reservoir can preferably during the normal operation of a combination system by targeted Feeding of excess saturated water present in the steam generator or steam or by extraction or tapping steam from the steam turbine respectively.
  • a combined cycle power plant in accordance with the invention to operate the so-called fixed pressure mode by at least one inlet valve the steam turbine for setting a fixed working pressure independently is regulated by the power of the steam turbine.
  • the heat store is advantageous coupled to the high pressure system of the heat recovery steam generator.
  • saturated water becomes from the heat storage conveyed into the heat recovery steam generator preferably by means of a pump, whereby the supply via the economizer for this pressure level is reduced can be.
  • the evaporator systems downstream in the flue gas path additional waste heat is available in this way, especially by increasing it the supply of these downstream systems the total steam generation increases significantly.
  • the combined cycle power plants can, for example, for predictable load peaks a limited period of time by reducing steam turbine power accordingly the expected subsequent potential leap in performance, by increased throttling of the steam turbine and by setting one Flood level in the steam generator drums and the other heat storage units purposefully into a state for driving larger positive Performance gradients are maintained.
  • the possible enthalpy gradient of the steam turbine not fully exploited, so that a power reserve through fast Opening the intake valves is available.
  • the size of the power reserve to be applied depends on the distance of the currently driven power with throttled Inlet valve to power level with the inlet valve fully open from. If an increase in performance according to "primary or secondary response" is required, the system is switched to sliding pressure mode, i.e. the steam turbine inlet valves are fully opened. So the entire enthaloie gradient can be done immediately the steam turbine become effective. There is an increase in performance the steam turbine.
  • the associated with the opening of the intake valves Pressure reduction enables this in the steam generator drum and additionally in the additional heat accumulator coupled to this pressure level to evaporate the saturated water. This steam becomes the steam turbine fed and enables a further short-term increase in performance.
  • a heat accumulator is suitable for fixed-pressure operation of the combination system
  • So-called constant pressure accumulator which is preferably used as a pressure vessel via inlet and outlet Drain lines is connected to the steam generator drum.
  • a pump inside The drain line conveys saturated water from the constant pressure reservoir if necessary e.g. into the steam generator drum.
  • a gradient store is suitable as a heat store, in contrast to the constant pressure accumulator in different ways the different pressure levels of the heat recovery steam generator or Steam turbine can be connected.
  • the area of the heat recovery steam generator is reduced to the essentials in FIG. 1 20 with rotary drum evaporator and steam turbine 6 of the steam cycle a combined gas and steam turbine system.
  • feed water passes through an economizer 2 in the steam generator drum 3 of the circulation steam generator, in the feed water is stored under saturated water conditions and to an evaporator 4 is coupled. It comes out of the drum via a superheater 5 3 escaping steam through the steam line 11 and the inlet valve 12 into the Steam turbine 6.
  • a drum 3 as a constant pressure accumulator trained heat storage 7 coupled.
  • the constant pressure accumulator 7 is exceeded when a certain water level within the drum 3 by water drainage automatically filled due to the geodetic height difference or with saturated water charged.
  • the pump 8 delivers saturated water from Constant pressure accumulator 7 preferably in the steam generator drum 3.
  • Constant pressure accumulator 7 preferably in the steam generator drum 3.
  • Die Pump 8 also serves to empty the cold water content after a Start or saturated water for the purpose of decommissioning.
  • the combined cycle power plant designed according to the invention can be operated in this way by means of an inlet valve 12 of the steam turbine 6 in fixed pressure mode.
  • saturated water is conveyed from the heat store 7 via the drum 3 into the steam generator 20, as a result of which the supply via the economizer 2 can be reduced.
  • the evaporator systems downstream in the flue gas path are thus additional Waste heat available.
  • the steam generation of these systems increases.
  • Requirement for this Operating mode is a heat recovery steam generator consisting of a two-pressure system, i.e. two evaporator systems connected in series on the flue gas side.
  • the heat accumulator 7 ' directly between the economizer stage 2 and the evaporator 4 are switched.
  • This alternative coupling variant is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 1.
  • the charging line 13 ' is connected to the Exit of the economizer 2 connected and via a drain line in which the Pump 8 'is provided, coupled to the inlet of the evaporator 4.
  • the pump 8' conveys saturated water from Constant pressure accumulator 7 'for the entry of the evaporator 4, its steam generation rate depending on the delivery rate of the pump 8 'can be increased.
  • the gradient store 10 shown in FIG. 2 can be used for the loading or filling process via alternative feed lines with saturated steam (I) or superheated steam (II) and Saturated water (III) can be filled from various parts of the system.
  • a supply line I with a corresponding for loading the gradient store 10 with steam Valve provided, via which a part of the superheater 5 can be supplied Steam for feeding into the gradient store 10 is branched off.
  • a line II the steam line 11 through which Live steam is supplied to the steam turbine 6 with the gradient reservoir 10 a valve connects. In this way, superheated steam goes directly into the gradient store 10.
  • a connecting line III provides the exit of the economizer 2 with the gradient store 10 via a corresponding valve connects, for filling the gradient store 10 with saturated water.
  • the loading process of the gradient store 10 is preferably under full load conditions to carry out, i.e. that entering the gradient store 10 Hot water or the incoming steam is subject to the highest possible pressure level.
  • Fig. 2 is for unloading a connecting line between the gradient store 10 and the entry of the Superheater 5 and the steam turbine provided.
  • the gradient store 10 can also be connected to the steam space of the separator 9 are connected, but this is not directly entered in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 3a shows on the basis of the first exemplary embodiment of a rotary drum steam generator consisting of constant pressure accumulator 7 and gradient accumulator 10.
  • the constant pressure accumulator 7 is unchanged according to the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 connected to the drum 3.
  • the following supply lines are provided:
  • a feed line Z1 connects the gradient reservoir 10 to the steam line 11, via the live steam can be fed into the gradient store 10.
  • Another Supply line Z2 connects the gradient store 10 to the drum 3 in such a way that 3 saturated steam are introduced into the gradient reservoir 10 from the drum can.
  • Another supply line Z3 connects the gradient reservoir 10 to the saturated water area the drum 3 so that saturated water is introduced into the gradient reservoir can be. All supply lines contain control valves through which the filling process can run regulated.
  • the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 3a of a waste heat steam generator correspond to the so-called drum circulation steam generator principle.
  • FIG. 3b a so-called forced-through steam generator arrangement is shown in FIG. 3b shown, in which, as in Fig. 2, the gradient store 10 is arranged accordingly.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 3b a constant pressure accumulator 7 in front, which can be loaded with a supply line with Vetil to regulate the loading process. The saturated water required for loading is removed at a suitable point between the economizer and evaporator.
  • the constant pressure accumulator 7 is for unloading via a discharge line with the Evaporator 4 connected to the evaporator inlet, being within the discharge line a pump 8 is provided.
  • the gradient store is unloaded via the pressure drop inside the water-steam circuit by opening at least one steam turbine inlet valve 12, which causes the feed water under saturated water conditions immediately evaporated within the gradient store and the steam turbine is additionally fed.
  • the capacity reserves required to increase performance can of course be used also by appropriate dimensioning, for example the Steam generator drum can be achieved. Of course it is possible that Power reserves also at the different pressure levels of the heat recovery steam generator to distribute.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur schnellen Bereitstellung von Leistungsreserven bei kombinierten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlagen.The invention relates to a device for the rapid provision of Power reserves in combined gas and steam turbine systems.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Konkurrenzfähigkeit einzelner Stromanbieter im Bereich der elektrischen Energieversorgung, insbesondere in den durch wachsendem Wettbewerb gekennzeichneten Märkten, hängt nicht zuletzt davon ab, wie schnell die stromerzeugenden Anlagen in der Lage sind, elektrische Leistung zur Einspeisung in die Verbrauchemetze zu generieren. Häufig wird demjenigen Stromanbieter der Vorzug gegeben, der innerhalb weniger Sekunden die für die Deckung des Energiebedarfs erforderliche elektrische Leistung, insbesondere zu Zeiten hohen Stromverbrauches, zur Verfügung stellen kann. Darüber hinaus spielt zur Beurteilung der Qualität von stromerzeugenden Anlagen ebenso die Frequenzstabilität des erzeugten elektrischen Stromes eine wichtige Rolle. Treten Frequenzschwankungen in dem von Kraftwerken erzeugten elektrischen Strom auf, die typischerweise von der gängigen Netzfrequenz von 50 bzw. 60 Hz abweichen, so sind dies Anzeichen dafür, daß das Kraftwerk regelungstechnisch bzw. leistungsmäßig an seinen Grenzen angelangt ist und der Energiebedarf im Netz einer größeren Änderung unterliegt.The competitiveness of individual electricity providers in the field of electrical Energy supply, especially in those characterized by growing competition Markets depends not least on how fast the electricity generating Plants are able to supply electrical power to the Generate consumption networks. The electricity provider is often preferred given that within a few seconds to cover the energy requirement required electrical power, especially at times of high power consumption, can provide. It also plays for assessment the quality of electricity generating systems as well as the frequency stability of the generated electrical power play an important role. Occur frequency fluctuations in the electrical power generated by power plants, which typically These deviate from the usual mains frequency of 50 or 60 Hz for the fact that the power plant in terms of control technology or performance Limits have reached and the energy demand in the network of a major change subject.

Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei ein stark steigender Leistungsbedarf, welcher mit einem Absinken der Frequenz einhergeht. Die Ursachen können dabei sowohl steigender Verbrauch als auch Ausfall von Erzeugereinheiten sein.Of particular interest is a rapidly increasing power requirement, which is accompanied by a decrease in frequency. The causes can be both increasing consumption as well as failure of generating units.

Um derartigen Situationen entgegenzutreten, müssen kurzfristig Leistungsreserven mobilisiert werden, um die erhöhten Energiebedarfsspitzen zu decken.In order to counter such situations, short-term power reserves are required mobilized to meet the increased energy demand peaks.

Zur Vereinheitlichung der an die Kraftwerke zu stellenden Forderungen hinsichtlich der kurzfristigen Bereitstellung von zusätzlich aktivierbaren Leistungsreserven haben sich nach dem sogenannten "Grid-Code" folgende Kategoriebegriffe etabliert:To standardize the demands to be made of the power plants with regard to the short-term provision of additional activatable performance reserves The following category terms have been established according to the so-called "grid code":

"Primary Response" bedeutet die Bereitstellung zusätzlicher Leistungsreserven innerhalb von 10 Sekunden für eine Zeitdauer von etwa 20 Sekunden."Primary Response" means the provision of additional performance reserves within 10 seconds for a period of about 20 seconds.

"Secondary Response" bedeutet, daß Leistungsreserven innerhalb 30 Sekunden für eine Zeitdauer von weiteren 30 Minuten zur Verfügung gestellt werden müssen."Secondary Response" means that power reserves within 30 seconds must be made available for a further 30 minutes.

"Five Minute Reserve" bedeutet, daß Leistungsreserven innerhalb von 5 Minuten für wenigstens vier Stunden zur Verfügung stehen."Five Minute Reserve" means that power reserves within 5 minutes be available for at least four hours.

a) In herkömmlichen Dampfkraftwerken werden unter Normalbetriebsbedingungen im Falle der Bereitstellung einer derartigen vom Netz vorgeschriebenen Sofortreserve die Einlaßventile, durch die der Dampf zur Versorgung der Dampfturbine hindurchströmt, angedrosselt, d.h. in einer nicht vollständig geöffneten Position gefahren, um im Falle eines kurzfristigen Bedarfs an zusätzlicher Leistung die Möglichkeit zu haben, durch schnelles vollständiges Öffnen der Einlaßventile der Dampfturbine eine zeitlich begrenzten positiven Leistungsgradienten fahren zu können.a) In conventional steam power plants under normal operating conditions in the event of the provision of such an emergency reserve stipulated by the network the inlet valves through which the steam to supply the steam turbine flows through, throttled, i.e. in a not fully open position driven in the event of a short-term need for additional power Possibility of opening the intake valves of the Steam turbine drive a temporary positive power gradient can.

Die Androsselung der Dampfturbineneinlaßventile bewirkt neben dem Drosseleffekt am Expansionsbeginn eine Verkürzung der Expansion (Enthalpiegefälle) am Expansionsende und damit einen Leistungsverlust. Andererseits wird durch das vollständige Öffnen der Einlaßventile das Gefälle in der Dampfturbine verlängert und damit auch zusätzlich Leistung erzeugt.The throttling of the steam turbine inlet valves causes not only the throttling effect at the beginning of the expansion a shortening of the expansion (enthalpy gradient) on End of expansion and thus a loss of performance. On the other hand, the Full opening of the intake valves extends the gradient in the steam turbine and thus also generates additional power.

Durch diesen Vorgang, d.h. durch kurzzeitiges, vollständiges Öffnen der Einlaßventile kann es zusätzlich zu einer Druckentlastung innerhalb des Wasser-Dampfkreislaufes kommen. Die Auslegung des Dampferzeugers bzw. der Betriebspunkt der Anlage sollten dabei so gewählt werden, daß diese mögliche Druckentlastung nicht zu einer Abnahme des Dampfmassenstromes führt.Through this process, i.e. by briefly opening the intake valves completely there may be additional pressure relief within the water-steam cycle come. The design of the steam generator or the operating point the system should be chosen so that this possible Pressure relief does not lead to a decrease in the steam mass flow.

Durch das vollständige Öffnen und Offenhalten der Einlaßventile an der Dampfturbine wird zur Gleitdruckfahrweise übergegangen, d.h. der Ausgleich zwischen den dampferzeugerseitig bestimmten Parametern Dampfmassenstrom und Temperatur infolge Wärmeeintrag und dem dampfturbinenseitig bestimmten Druck wird vom System selbst übernommen.By fully opening and keeping the inlet valves on the steam turbine open is switched to sliding pressure mode, i.e. the balance between the steam mass flow and temperature parameters determined by the steam generator due to heat input and the pressure determined on the steam turbine side is taken over by the system itself.

b) Alternativ oder in Kombination zu der vorstehend genannten Maßnahme des vollständigen Öffnen vorhandener angedrosselter Einlaßventile, können jegliche Anzapfungen oder Entnahmen innerhalb des Wasser-Dampfkreislaufes geschlossen werden. Unter Anzapfungen oder Entnahmen werden hierbei all jene Orte an der Dampfturbine verstanden, an denen Dampf gezielt entnommen wird. Im Falle einer Anzapfung wird der Druck des entnommenen Dampfes nicht geregelt, sondern hängt vielmehr von der aktuellen Dampfturbinenbelastung ab. Im Gegensatz dazu spricht man von Entnahme, wenn der Dampf mit geregeltem Druck entnommen wird, d.h. es ist ein spezielles Regelorgan vorgesehen.b) Alternatively or in combination with the measure of the above full opening of throttled intake valves, any Tapping or extraction within the water-steam cycle closed become. All those places are listed under taps or withdrawals understood the steam turbine from which steam is removed in a targeted manner. In the event of tapping the pressure of the extracted steam is not regulated, but rather depends on the current steam turbine load. In contrast this is called removal when the steam is removed at a controlled pressure will, i.e. a special regulatory body is provided.

c) Auch ist es zur kurzfristigen Leistungssteigerung bei industriellen Anlagen der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit Gegendruck- oder Entnahme-Gegendruckturbinen bekannt, mittels Hilfskondensation bzw. Abblasen über Dach Leistungsreserven zu mobilisieren.c) It is also for short-term performance increase in industrial plants of Combined heat and power with back pressure or extraction back pressure turbines known by means of auxiliary condensation or blowing off roof reserves mobilize.

Diese und alle vorstehenden Maßnahmen weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, daß das konventionell betriebene Dampfkraftwerk zumindest während der erläuterten speziellen Fahrweise stark verlustbehaftet und daher mit geringerem Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden muß.However, these and all of the above measures have the disadvantage that the conventionally operated steam power plant at least during the explained special driving style is very lossy and therefore less efficient must be operated.

Die vorstehend angedeuteten Maßnahmen zur Leistungssteigerung werden bei reinen Dampfturbinenkraftwerken vorgenommen. Im Unterschied zum reinen Dampfturbinenkraftwerk werden kombinierte Gas- und Dampfkraftwerke dampfturbinenseitig in der Regel im sogenannten Festdruck-Gleitdruckbetrieb gefahren. Hierbei wird im untersten Lastbereich der Kombianlage im Wasser-Dampfkreislauf ein konstanter Dampfdruck eingestellt, indem die Einlaßventile an der Dampfturbine geregelt gefahren werden. Im oberen Lastbereich hingegen sind die Dampfturbinen-Einlaßventile voll geöffnet, so daß der Druck als Ergebnis des Dampfturbinen- und Dampferzeugerverhaltens entsprechend den gefahrenen Betriebsbedingungen gleiten kann.The measures outlined above to increase performance are used in pure steam turbine power plants. In contrast to the pure Steam turbine power plants are combined gas and steam power plants on the steam turbine side usually operated in the so-called fixed-pressure sliding pressure mode. Here, in the lowest load range of the combined system in the water-steam cycle a constant steam pressure is set by the inlet valves on the steam turbine be driven in a controlled manner. In the upper load range, however, are the steam turbine inlet valves fully open so that the pressure as a result of the steam turbine and steam generator behavior according to the operating conditions driven can slide.

Bei einer derartigen Betriebsweise einer Kombianlage können Leistungsreserven für die Kategorie "Primary Response" und "Secondary Response" nur mit der Gasturbine aufgebracht werden. Da zur Bildung der Leistungsreserven die Dampfproduktion im Abhitzedampferzeuger im Vergleich zur Gasturbinenleistung verzögert erfolgt, kann der Dampfturbinenteil der Kombianlage Leistungsreserven erst für die Kategorie "Five Minute Reserve" zur Verfügung stellen. With such a mode of operation of a combination system, there may be power reserves for the categories "Primary Response" and "Secondary Response" only with the gas turbine be applied. Since steam production to create the power reserves delayed in the heat recovery steam generator compared to the gas turbine output takes place, the steam turbine part of the combined system can only have power reserves for the category "Five Minute Reserve".

Im Vergleich zu einem konventionellem Dampferzeuger ist die in einem Abhitzedampferzeuger zur Verfügung stehende Abgaswärme auf die Abgastemperatur der Gasturbine beschränkt. Abhitzedampferzeuger besitzen daher insbesondere bei größeren Anlagen nicht nur eine Druckstufe. Zur optimalen Abwärmenutzung kommen Dampferzeuger mit ein, zwei oder drei Druckstufen zum Einsatz. Jede Druckstufe besteht aus dem Verdampfer und entsprechend der Schaltung bzw. Anwendung aus zugehörigen Economizer und Überhitzer. Bis heute sind nahezu alle Abhitzedampferzeuger als Trommel-Umlaufverdampfer ausgeführt. In modernen Anlagen kommen auch vermehrt Zwangsdurchlauf-Dampferzeuger zum Einsatz. siehe auch DE 195 44 225 A1.Compared to a conventional steam generator, it is in a heat recovery steam generator available exhaust gas heat to the exhaust gas temperature the gas turbine is limited. Heat recovery steam generators therefore have in particular not only one pressure level for larger systems. For optimal use of waste heat steam generators with one, two or three pressure levels are used. each Pressure stage consists of the evaporator and according to the circuit or Application from associated economizer and superheater. To date, are almost all heat recovery steam generators are designed as rotary drum evaporators. In modern Plants are also increasingly being used in forced-flow steam generators. see also DE 195 44 225 A1.

Ein weiterer Unterschied zum konventionellen Dampfkraftwerk besteht darin, daß die Leistung der Dampfturbine nur 30...35% der Gesamtleistung beträgt. Der größere Leistungsanteil kommt von der Gasturbine.Another difference to the conventional steam power plant is that the power of the steam turbine is only 30 ... 35% of the total power. The bigger one Power share comes from the gas turbine.

Das Dokument EP-A-0 439 754 zeigt eine Kombianlage mit einem Dampfspeichen der zum Anfahren der Dampfturbine der Anlage dient.Document EP-A-0 439 754 shows one Combination system with a steam spoke to start up the steam turbine of the plant serves.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur schnellen Bereitstellung von Leistungsreserven für kombinierte Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlagen mit möglichst geringen Verlusten und weitgehend unverändert hohem Wirkungsgrad anzugeben. Insbesondere sollen die Leistungsreserven vom Dampfturbinenteil der Kombianlage innerhalb kürzester Zeit zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.The invention has for its object a device and a method for the rapid provision of power reserves for combined gas and Steam turbine systems with the lowest possible losses and largely unchanged indicate high efficiency. In particular, the power reserves should from the steam turbine part of the combi system within a very short time can be put.

Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Aufgabe ist in den Ansprüchen 1 und 3 angegeben, die eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung beschreiben. Gegenstand des Anspruchs 9 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren. In den Unteransprüchen sind die Erfindung vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale enthalten. The solution to the problem on which the invention is based is in the claims 1 and 3, which describe a device according to the invention. object of claim 9 is a method according to the invention. In the subclaims Features of the invention are advantageously further developed.

Erfindungsgemäß weist eine Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage mit einem Wasser-Dampfkreislauf, der zum Antrieb der Dampfturbine über wenigstens ein Einlaßventil mit dieser verbunden ist, zusätzlich zum Abhitzedampferzeuger wenigstens einen Wärmespeicher auf, der an den Abhitzedampferzeuger angekoppelt ist und aus dem bedarfsweise Sattwasser oder Dampf für den Abhitzedampferzeuger zur schnellen Bereitstellung von Leistungsreserven einspeisbar ist.According to the invention, a gas and steam turbine system with a water-steam circuit, to drive the steam turbine via at least one inlet valve connected to this, at least in addition to the heat recovery steam generator a heat accumulator, which is coupled to the heat recovery steam generator and from the saturated water or steam required for the waste heat steam generator rapid provision of power reserves can be fed.

Typische Abhitzedampferzeuger und Wasser-Dampfkreisläufe von kombinierten Gas-Dampfturbinenanlagen gehen beispielsweise aus dem Buch von R. Kehlhofer, "Combined-Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants", The Fairmont Press, Inc. hervor. Die Abhitzedampferzeuger weisen mindestens ein Verdampfersystem, in der Regel als Trommel-Umlaufverdampfer ausgeführt, mit zugehörigem Economizer und Überhitzer auf. Im Falle von Mehrdrucksystemen sind zahlreiche Economizer-Schaltungen möglich. Das Vorhandensein von Überhitzern hängt vom Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf und den Parametern ab.Typical waste heat steam generators and water-steam circuits from combined Gas steam turbine systems, for example, are from the book by R. Kehlhofer, "Combined-Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants", The Fairmont Press, Inc. The waste heat steam generator has at least one evaporator system, usually designed as a rotary drum evaporator with associated economizer and superheater. In the case of multi-pressure systems, there are numerous Economizer circuits possible. The presence of superheaters depends on the water-steam cycle and the parameters.

Die Menge der Dampfproduktion innerhalb des Abhitzedampferzeugers hängt unter dynamischen Bedingungen nicht zuletzt auch von dem Fassungsvolumen der Trommel sowie der darin herrschende Druckverhältnisse ab. Zwar würde eine bloße Vergrößerung des Fassungsvermögens der Trommel bei speziellen Fahrweisen im Bedarfsfalle zu einer ungleich größeren Dampferzeugungsrate führen, doch würde das Anfahrverhalten der Dampfturbine durch allzu groß gestaltete Dampferzeuger-Trommeln insbesondere beim Kaltstart nachteilhaft beeinträchtigt werden.The amount of steam production within the heat recovery steam generator depends not least, under dynamic conditions, also of the capacity the drum and the pressure conditions prevailing in it. One would mere enlargement of the drum capacity in special driving modes lead to an incomparably higher steam generation rate if necessary, but the start-up behavior of the steam turbine would be too large Steam generator drums adversely affected especially when cold starting become.

Der Erfindung liegt vielmehr die Idee zugrunde, an einem optimal für die Leistungsdaten eines Kombikraftwerkes ausgelegten Abhitzedampferzeuger einen zusätzlichen Wärmespeicher anzukoppeln. Rather, the invention is based on the idea of an optimal for the performance data of a combined heat and power plant designed waste heat steam generator connect additional heat storage.

Der als "stille Reserve" dienende erfindungsgemäß zusätzliche Wärmespeicher ist vorteilhafterweise als Druckkessel ausgebildet, in dem Sattwasserbedingungen herrschen. Das Aufladen eines derartigen zusätzlichen Sattwasserreservoirs kann vorzugsweise während des Normalbetriebes einer Kombianlage durch gezielte Anspeisung von mit im Dampferzeuger vorhandenem, überschüssigem Sattwasser bzw. Dampf oder durch Entnahme- bzw. Anzapfdampf aus der Dampfturbine erfolgen. Durch das nachträgliche Aufladen des zusätzlichen Wärmespeichers nach der Anfahrphase der Kombianlage können all jene mit dem Erhitzen größerer Wassermengen verbundene Nachteile während eines Anfahrvorganges vermieden werden.The additional heat accumulator according to the invention which serves as a "silent reserve" is advantageously designed as a pressure vessel in which saturated water conditions to rule. The charging of such an additional saturated water reservoir can preferably during the normal operation of a combination system by targeted Feeding of excess saturated water present in the steam generator or steam or by extraction or tapping steam from the steam turbine respectively. By subsequently charging the additional heat storage after the start-up phase of the combi system, all those with heating can do bigger Water-related disadvantages avoided during a start-up process become.

Zum einen ist es möglich ein erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltetes Kombikraftwerk in der sogenannten Festdruckfahrweise zu betreiben, indem wenigstens ein Einlaßventil der Dampfturbine zur Einstellung eines festen Arbeitsdruckes unabhängig von der Leistung der Dampfturbine geregelt wird. Der Wärmespeicher ist vorteilhafterweise an das Hochdrucksystem des Abhitzedampferzeugers angekoppelt. Im Falle von aufzubringenden Leistungsreserven wird Sattwasser aus dem Wärmespeicher in den Abhitzedampferzeuger vorzugsweise mittels einer Pumpe gefördert, wodurch die Speisung über den Economiser für diese Druckstufe vermindert werden kann. Den im Rauchgasweg nachgeschalteten Verdampfersystemen steht auf diese Weise zusätzliche Abwärme zur Verfügung, zumal durch Erhöhung der Speisung dieser nachgeschalteten Systeme die Gesamtdampferzeugung deutlich zunimmt.On the one hand, it is possible to have a combined cycle power plant in accordance with the invention to operate the so-called fixed pressure mode by at least one inlet valve the steam turbine for setting a fixed working pressure independently is regulated by the power of the steam turbine. The heat store is advantageous coupled to the high pressure system of the heat recovery steam generator. In the case of power reserves to be applied, saturated water becomes from the heat storage conveyed into the heat recovery steam generator preferably by means of a pump, whereby the supply via the economizer for this pressure level is reduced can be. The evaporator systems downstream in the flue gas path additional waste heat is available in this way, especially by increasing it the supply of these downstream systems the total steam generation increases significantly.

Auch ist es möglich, ein erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltetes Kombikraftwerk in der Gleitdruckfahrweise zu betreiben, indem wenigstens ein Einlaßventil der Dampfturbine vollständig geöffnet oder ganz geschlossen ist.It is also possible to use a combined cycle power plant designed according to the invention in the Operate sliding pressure mode by at least one inlet valve of the steam turbine is fully open or completely closed.

Im Falle von möglichst kurzfristig aufzubringenden Leistungsreserven sind die für die Ankopplung des zusätzlichen Wärmespeichers vorgesehenen Regelventile zu öffnen, wodurch das unter Sattwasserbedingungen stehende Reservoirvolumen eine Druckentlastung erfährt und eine zusätzliche Dampfbildung einsetzt, die zur Leistungssteigerung der gesamten Dampfturbinenanlage beiträgt.In the case of short-term performance reserves, those for the coupling of the additional heat storage provided control valves open, causing the reservoir volume under saturated water conditions experiences a pressure relief and uses an additional vapor formation, which leads to Performance increase of the entire steam turbine plant contributes.

Gleichwohl ist es zum Aufrechterhalten einer ständigen Bereitschaft Leistungsreserven auch über den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf zu mobilisieren möglich, das Kombikraftwerk dampfturbinenseitig ständig angedrosselt zu betreiben. Hierzu sind die Einlaßventile an der Dampfturbine in einer angedrosselten Stellung zu halten, die jedoch bei auftretenden Lastspitzen in den elektrischen Netzen möglichst sprungartig geöffnet werden können, wobei zugleich auch die für das Zuschalten der zusätzlichen Wärmespeichereinheit vorgesehenen Regelventile geöffnet werden. Auf diese Weise können große Leistungsreserven, wie bereits vorstehend angedeutet, mobilisiert werden.Nevertheless, it is to maintain a constant readiness for performance reserves also possible to mobilize via the water-steam cycle To operate the combined cycle power plant continuously throttled on the steam turbine side. For this the inlet valves on the steam turbine are in a throttled position hold, however, if possible in the event of load peaks in the electrical networks can be opened abruptly, at the same time also for switching on the additional heat storage unit provided control valves opened become. In this way, large power reserves, as already above be hinted at, mobilized.

Für gewöhnlich sind die Zeiten, zu denen der Energiebedarf im elektrischen Netz ansteigt, bekannt und daher sehr genau vorhersehbar. in Kenntnis dieser zeitlich vorausbestimmbaren Lastspitzen können die Kombikraftwerke beispielsweise für einen begrenzten Zeitraum durch Zurückfahren der Dampfturbinenleistung, entsprechend des zu erwartenden nachfolgenden möglichen Leistungssprunges, durch verstärkte Androsselung der Dampfturbine sowie durch Einstellung eines Hochwasserstandes in den Dampferzeuger-Trommeln sowie den weiteren Wärmespeichereinheiten gezielt in einen Zustand für das Fahren größerer positiver Leistungsgradienten gehalten werden.Usually are the times when the energy demand in the electrical network increases, is known and therefore very predictable. knowing this temporally The combined cycle power plants can, for example, for predictable load peaks a limited period of time by reducing steam turbine power accordingly the expected subsequent potential leap in performance, by increased throttling of the steam turbine and by setting one Flood level in the steam generator drums and the other heat storage units purposefully into a state for driving larger positive Performance gradients are maintained.

Insbesondere ist es von Vorteil, den Dampfturbinenteil eines Kombikraftwerkes im oberen Lastbereich im Rahmen eines durch die Einlaßventile geregelten Dampfdruckes (Festdruckbetrieb) zu betreiben, sofern sehr schnell aufzubringende Leistungsreserven für die Kategorie "Primary" oder "Secundary Response" zu erwarten sind. Im Normalbetrieb, also zu Zeiten, in denen keine sofort zu erbringende Leistungsreserve erwartet wird, ist dem Gleitdruckbetrieb Vorrang zu geben. In particular, it is advantageous to use the steam turbine part of a combined cycle power plant in the upper load range within the framework of a steam pressure regulated by the inlet valves To operate (fixed pressure operation), provided that the power reserves can be applied very quickly expected for the category "Primary" or "Secundary Response" are. In normal operation, i.e. at times when there is no one to be performed immediately Power reserve is expected, priority should be given to sliding pressure operation.

In der Festdruckbetriebsweise wird das mögliche Enthalpiegefälle der Dampfturbine nicht vollständig ausgenützt, so daß eine Leistungsreserve durch schnelles Öffnen der Einlaßventile verfügbar ist. Die Größe der aufzubringenden Leistungsreserve hängt von dem Abstand der momentan gefahrenen Leistung bei angedrosseltem Einlaßventil zum Leistungsniveau unter voll geöffnetem Einlaßventil ab. Wird ein Leistungsanstieg gemäß "Primary oder Secondary Response" gefordert, so wird die Anlage auf Gleitdruckfahrweise umgeschaltet, d.h. die Dampfturbinen-Einlaßventile werden voll geöffnet. Damit kann sofort das gesamte Enthaloiegefälle der Dampfturbine leitsungswirksam werden. Es kommt zu einer Leistungserhöhung der Dampfturbine. Die mit dem Öffnen der Einlaßventile einhergehende Druckabsenkung ermöglicht das in der Dampferzeugertrommel und zusätzlich in dem an diesem Druckniveau angekoppelten, zusätzlichen Wärmespeicher vorhandene Sattwasser auszudampfen. Dieser Dampf wird der Dampfturbine zugeführt und ermöglicht eine weitere kurzzeitige Leistungserhöhung.In the fixed pressure mode, the possible enthalpy gradient of the steam turbine not fully exploited, so that a power reserve through fast Opening the intake valves is available. The size of the power reserve to be applied depends on the distance of the currently driven power with throttled Inlet valve to power level with the inlet valve fully open from. If an increase in performance according to "primary or secondary response" is required, the system is switched to sliding pressure mode, i.e. the steam turbine inlet valves are fully opened. So the entire enthaloie gradient can be done immediately the steam turbine become effective. There is an increase in performance the steam turbine. The associated with the opening of the intake valves Pressure reduction enables this in the steam generator drum and additionally in the additional heat accumulator coupled to this pressure level to evaporate the saturated water. This steam becomes the steam turbine fed and enables a further short-term increase in performance.

Für den Festdruckbetrieb der Kombianlage eignet sich als Wärmespeicher ein sogenannter Gleichdruckspeicher, der vorzugsweise als Druckgefäß über Zu- und Ablaufleitungen mit der Dampferzeugertrommel verbunden ist. Eine Pumpe innerhalb der Ablaufleitung fördert bedarfsweise Sattwasser aus dem Gleichdruckspeicher z.B. in die Dampferzeugertrommel.A heat accumulator is suitable for fixed-pressure operation of the combination system So-called constant pressure accumulator, which is preferably used as a pressure vessel via inlet and outlet Drain lines is connected to the steam generator drum. A pump inside The drain line conveys saturated water from the constant pressure reservoir if necessary e.g. into the steam generator drum.

Im Falle des Gleitdruckbetriebes eignet sich als Wärmespeicher ein Gefällespeicher, der im Unterschied zum Gleichdruckspeicher in unterschiedlicher Weise mit den unterschiedlichen Druckstufen des Abhitzedampferzeugers bzw. auch der Dampfturbine verbunden sein kann.In the case of sliding pressure operation, a gradient store is suitable as a heat store, in contrast to the constant pressure accumulator in different ways the different pressure levels of the heat recovery steam generator or Steam turbine can be connected.

Kurze Beschreibung der ErfindungBrief description of the invention

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen exemplarisch beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisierte Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiels mit Trommeldampferzeuger und Gleichdruckspeicher,
Fig. 2 und
zweites Ausführungsbeispiel mit Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger einem Gefällespeicher sowie
Fig. 3a, b
Kombinationen aus Gleichdruckspeicher und Gefällespeicher zum Wechselseitigen Betrieb zwischen Fest- und Gleitdruckbetrieb.
The invention is described below by way of example without limitation of the general inventive concept using two exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
schematic representation of an embodiment according to the invention with drum steam generator and constant pressure accumulator,
Fig. 2 and
second embodiment with forced flow steam generator a gradient store and
3a, b
Combinations of constant pressure accumulator and gradient accumulator for alternating operation between fixed and sliding pressure operation.

Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

In Fig. 1 ist schematisiert und auf das Wesentliche reduziert der Bereich Abhitzedampferzeuger 20 mit Trommel-Umlaufverdampfer und Dampfturbine 6 des Wasserdampfkreislaufes einer kombinierten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage dargestellt. Mittels einer Speisewasserpumpe 1 gelangt Speisewasser über einen Economizer 2 in die Dampferzeugertrommel 3 des Umlaufdampferzeugers, in der unter Sattwasserbedingungen Speisewasser bevorratet ist und die an einen Verdampfer 4 angekoppelt ist. Über einen Überhitzer 5 gelangt der aus der Trommel 3 austretende Dampf durch die Dampfleitung 11 und das Einlaßventil 12 in die Dampfturbine 6. Zusätzlich an der Trommel 3 ist erfindungsgemäß ein als Gleichdruckspeicher ausgebildeter Wärmespeicher 7 angekoppelt.The area of the heat recovery steam generator is reduced to the essentials in FIG. 1 20 with rotary drum evaporator and steam turbine 6 of the steam cycle a combined gas and steam turbine system. By means of a feed water pump 1 feed water passes through an economizer 2 in the steam generator drum 3 of the circulation steam generator, in the feed water is stored under saturated water conditions and to an evaporator 4 is coupled. It comes out of the drum via a superheater 5 3 escaping steam through the steam line 11 and the inlet valve 12 into the Steam turbine 6. In addition, according to the invention, there is a drum 3 as a constant pressure accumulator trained heat storage 7 coupled.

Über die Aufladeleitung 13 wird der Gleichdruckspeicher 7 bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Wasserstandes innerhalb der Trommel 3 durch Wasserablauf aufgrund der geodätischen Höhendifferenz automatisch gefüllt bzw. mit Sattwasser aufgeladen.Via the charging line 13, the constant pressure accumulator 7 is exceeded when a certain water level within the drum 3 by water drainage automatically filled due to the geodetic height difference or with saturated water charged.

Zum Entladen des Gleichdruckspeichers 7 fördert die Pumpe 8 Sattwasser vom Gleichdruckspeicher 7 vorzugsweise in die Dampferzeugertrommel 3. Durch das Entladen des Speichers 7 wird die Speisewasservorwärmung für diese Druckstufe entlastet, im Extremfall zwischenzeitlich abgestellt. Damit steht den im Rauchgasweg nachgeschalteten Heizflächen bzw. Dampferzeugersystemen (nicht dargestellt) zusätzliche Wärme zur Verfügung, was in diesen nachgeschalteten Systemen zur Erhöhung der Dampfproduktion führt. Im Ergebnis der Entladung des Speichers 7 kommt es damit zur Leistungssteigerung der Dampfturbine 6. Die Pumpe 8 dient gleichzeitig zum Entleeren des kalten Wasserinhaltes nach einem Start bzw. des Sattwassers zum Zwecke der Stillsetzung.To discharge the constant pressure accumulator 7, the pump 8 delivers saturated water from Constant pressure accumulator 7 preferably in the steam generator drum 3. By Unloading the memory 7 is the feed water preheating for this pressure stage relieved, temporarily switched off in extreme cases. So that is in the flue gas path downstream heating surfaces or steam generator systems (not shown) additional heat is available, which is in these downstream systems leads to increased steam production. As a result of the discharge of the Memory 7, there is an increase in performance of the steam turbine 6. Die Pump 8 also serves to empty the cold water content after a Start or saturated water for the purpose of decommissioning.

Das erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Kombikraftwerk kann auf diese Weise mittels eines Einlaßventiles 12 der Dampfturbine 6 in Festdruckfahrweise betrieben werden.
Im Falle von aufzubringenden Leistungsreserven wird Sattwasser aus dem Wärmespeicher 7 über die Trommel 3 in den Dampferzeuger 20 gefördert, wodurch die Speisung über den Economizer 2 vermindert werden kann.
The combined cycle power plant designed according to the invention can be operated in this way by means of an inlet valve 12 of the steam turbine 6 in fixed pressure mode.
In the case of power reserves to be applied, saturated water is conveyed from the heat store 7 via the drum 3 into the steam generator 20, as a result of which the supply via the economizer 2 can be reduced.

Den im Rauchgasweg nachgeschalteten Verdampfersystemen steht somit zusätzliche Abwärme zur Verfügung. Durch Erhöhung der Speisung der nachgeschalteten Systeme steigt die Dampferzeugung dieser Systeme. Voraussetzung für diese Betriebsweise ist ein Abhitzedampferzeuger bestehend aus einem Zwei-Druck-System, d.h. zwei rauchgasseitig hintereinander geschaltetet Verdampfersysteme.The evaporator systems downstream in the flue gas path are thus additional Waste heat available. By increasing the supply of the downstream Systems, the steam generation of these systems increases. Requirement for this Operating mode is a heat recovery steam generator consisting of a two-pressure system, i.e. two evaporator systems connected in series on the flue gas side.

Alternativ zur Anschlußmöglichkeit des Wärmespeichers 7 gemäß der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform kann der Wärmespeicher 7' direkt zwischen die Economizerstufe 2 und dem Verdampfer 4 geschaltet werden. Diese alternative Koppelvariante ist in Fig. 1 gestrichelt dargestellt. Die Aufladeleitung 13' ist mit dem Austritt des Economizers 2 verbunden und über eine Ablaufleitung, in der die Pumpe 8' vorgesehen ist, mit dem Eintritt des Verdampfers 4 gekoppelt. Zum Aufladen bzw. Befüllen des Gleichdruckspeichers 7' wird ein in der Aufladeleitung 13' vorgesehenes Ventil 14 geöffnet.As an alternative to the possibility of connecting the heat accumulator 7 according to that in FIG. 1 Embodiment shown, the heat accumulator 7 'directly between the economizer stage 2 and the evaporator 4 are switched. This alternative coupling variant is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 1. The charging line 13 'is connected to the Exit of the economizer 2 connected and via a drain line in which the Pump 8 'is provided, coupled to the inlet of the evaporator 4. To the Charging or filling the pressure accumulator 7 'is in the charging line 13 'provided valve 14 opened.

Zum Entladen des Gleichdruckspeichers 7' fördert die Pumpe 8' Sattwasser vom Gleichdruckspeicher 7' zum Eintritt des Verdampfers 4, dessen Dampferzeugungsrate je nach Förderleistung der Pumpe 8' gesteigert werden kann.To discharge the constant pressure accumulator 7 ', the pump 8' conveys saturated water from Constant pressure accumulator 7 'for the entry of the evaporator 4, its steam generation rate depending on the delivery rate of the pump 8 'can be increased.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, das in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist und einen Zwangdurchlauf-Dampferzeuger zeigt, tritt anstelle der Dampferzeuger-Trommel 3 ein Separator 9. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird hinsichtlich gleichnummerierter Baugruppen auf Fig. 1 verwiesen. Als zusätzlicher Wärmespeicher dient in dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Gefällespeicher 10.In a further embodiment, which is shown in Fig. 2 and a Forced-flow steam generator shows, takes the place of the steam generator drum 3 a separator 9. To avoid repetitions, the numbering is the same Assemblies referred to Fig. 1. Serves as additional heat storage a gradient store 10 in the second exemplary embodiment.

Der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Gefällespeicher 10 kann für den Lade- bzw. Befüllvorgang über alternative Zuleitungen mit Sattdampf (I) oder Heißdampf (II) sowie Sattwasser (III) von den verschiedensten Stellen des Systems befüllt werden. So ist zum Laden des Gefällespeichers 10 mit Dampf eine Zuleitung I mit einem entsprechenden Ventil vorgesehen, über die ein Teil des zum Überhitzer 5 zuführbaren Dampfes zum Einspeisen in den Gefällespeicher 10 abgezweigt wird. Ferner kann eine Leitung II vorgesehen werden, die die Dampfleitung 11, durch die Frischdampf der Dampfturbine 6 zugeführt wird, mit dem Gefällespeicher 10 über ein Ventil verbindet. Auf diese Weise gelangt überhitzter Dampf direkt in den Gefällespeicher 10. Schließlich sorgt eine Verbindungsleitung III, die den Ausgang des Economizers 2 mit dem Gefällespeicher 10 über ein entsprechendes Ventil verbindet, für ein Befüllen des Gefällespeichers 10 mit Sattwasser. Ebenso können in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellte Verbindungsleitungen zwischen dem Separator 9 und dem Gefällespeicher 10 für eine Zuleitung von Dampf- bzw. Sattwasser dienen.The gradient store 10 shown in FIG. 2 can be used for the loading or filling process via alternative feed lines with saturated steam (I) or superheated steam (II) and Saturated water (III) can be filled from various parts of the system. So is a supply line I with a corresponding for loading the gradient store 10 with steam Valve provided, via which a part of the superheater 5 can be supplied Steam for feeding into the gradient store 10 is branched off. Further can be provided a line II, the steam line 11 through which Live steam is supplied to the steam turbine 6 with the gradient reservoir 10 a valve connects. In this way, superheated steam goes directly into the gradient store 10. Finally, a connecting line III provides the exit of the economizer 2 with the gradient store 10 via a corresponding valve connects, for filling the gradient store 10 with saturated water. You can also Connection lines, not shown in FIG. 2, between the separator 9 and the gradient reservoir 10 for a supply of steam or saturated water serve.

Der Beladevorgang des Gefällespeichers 10 ist vorzugsweise unter Voll-Lastbedingungen durchzuführen, d.h. das in den Gefällespeicher 10 eintretende Heißwasser oder der eintretende Dampf unterliegt einem möglichst hohen Druckniveau.The loading process of the gradient store 10 is preferably under full load conditions to carry out, i.e. that entering the gradient store 10 Hot water or the incoming steam is subject to the highest possible pressure level.

Zum Entladen des Gefällespeichers 10 kann der innerhalb des Gefällespeichers 10 erzeugte Sattdampf in unterschiedlicher Weise dem Abhitzedampferzeuger oder der Dampfturbine übergeben werden. Wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, ist zum Entladen eine Verbindungsleitung zwischen dem Gefällespeicher 10 und dem Eintritt des Überhitzers 5 bzw. der Dampfturbine vorgesehen.For unloading the gradient store 10, it can be used within the gradient store 10 generated saturated steam in different ways to the heat recovery steam generator or handed over to the steam turbine. As shown in Fig. 2 is for unloading a connecting line between the gradient store 10 and the entry of the Superheater 5 and the steam turbine provided.

Ferner kann der Gefällespeicher 10 auch mit dem Dampfraum des Separators 9 verbunden werden, was jedoch nicht unmittelbar in Fig. 2 eingetragen ist.The gradient store 10 can also be connected to the steam space of the separator 9 are connected, but this is not directly entered in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3a zeigt an Hand des ersten Ausführungsbeispieles eines Trommel-Umlauf-Dampferzeugers bestehend aus Gleichdruckspeicher 7 als auch Gefällespeicher 10. Der Gleichdruckspeicher 7 ist unverändert zum Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 mit der Trommel 3 verbunden. Zum Befüllen des zusätzlich vorgesehenen Gefällespeichers 10 sind folgende Zuleitungen vorgesehen:3a shows on the basis of the first exemplary embodiment of a rotary drum steam generator consisting of constant pressure accumulator 7 and gradient accumulator 10. The constant pressure accumulator 7 is unchanged according to the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 connected to the drum 3. To fill the additionally provided The following supply lines are provided:

Eine Zuleitung Z1 verbindet den Gefällespeicher 10 mit der Dampfleitung 11, über die Frischdampf in den Gefällespeicher 10 eingespeist werden kann. Eine weitere Zuleitung Z2 verbindet den Gefällespeicher 10 mit der Trommel 3 in der Weise, daß aus der Trommel 3 Sattdampf in den Gefällespeicher 10 eingebracht werden kann. Eine weitere Zuleitung Z3 verbindet den Gefällespeicher 10 mit dem Sattwasserbereich der Trommel 3, so daß Sattwasser in den Gefällespeicher eingeführt werden kann. Alle Zuleitungen enthalten Regelventile, durch die der Befüllvorgang geregelt ablaufen kann. Die in Fig. 1 und 3a dargestellten Ausführungsformen eines Abhitzedampferzeugers entsprechen dem sogenannten Trommel-Umlauf-Dampferzeugerprinzip.A feed line Z1 connects the gradient reservoir 10 to the steam line 11, via the live steam can be fed into the gradient store 10. Another Supply line Z2 connects the gradient store 10 to the drum 3 in such a way that 3 saturated steam are introduced into the gradient reservoir 10 from the drum can. Another supply line Z3 connects the gradient reservoir 10 to the saturated water area the drum 3 so that saturated water is introduced into the gradient reservoir can be. All supply lines contain control valves through which the filling process can run regulated. The embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 3a of a waste heat steam generator correspond to the so-called drum circulation steam generator principle.

Im Gegensatz hierzu ist in Fig. 3b eine sogenannte Zwangsdurchlauf-Dampferzeugeranordnung dargestellt, bei der, wie in Fig. 2, der Gefällespeicher 10 entsprechend angeordnet ist. Zusätzlich sieht die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3b einen Gleichdruckspeicher 7 vor, der zum Beladen über eine Zuleitung mit Vetil zur Regelung des Beladevorganges verfügt. Das zum Beladen benötigte Sattwasser wird an geeigneter Stelle zwischen Economizer und Verdampfer entnommen.In contrast to this, a so-called forced-through steam generator arrangement is shown in FIG. 3b shown, in which, as in Fig. 2, the gradient store 10 is arranged accordingly. In addition, the arrangement according to FIG. 3b a constant pressure accumulator 7 in front, which can be loaded with a supply line with Vetil to regulate the loading process. The saturated water required for loading is removed at a suitable point between the economizer and evaporator.

Der Gleichdruckspeicher 7 ist zum Entladen über eine Entladeleitung mit dem Verdampfer 4 am Verdampfereintritt verbunden, wobei innerhalb der Entladeleitung eine Pumpe 8 vorgesehen ist.The constant pressure accumulator 7 is for unloading via a discharge line with the Evaporator 4 connected to the evaporator inlet, being within the discharge line a pump 8 is provided.

Der Entladevorgang des Gefällespeichers erfolgt über den Druckabfall innerhalb des Wasser-Dampfkreislaufes durch Öffnen wenigstens eines Dampfturbinen-Einlaßventils 12, wodurch das unter Sattwasserbedingungen stehende Speisewasser innerhalb des Gefällespeichers sofort verdampft und der Dampfturbine zusätzlich zugeführt wird.The gradient store is unloaded via the pressure drop inside the water-steam circuit by opening at least one steam turbine inlet valve 12, which causes the feed water under saturated water conditions immediately evaporated within the gradient store and the steam turbine is additionally fed.

Die zur Leistungssteigerung gewünschten Kapazitätsreserven können selbstverständlich auch durch entsprechende Dimensionierung , beispielsweise der Dampferzeuger-Trommel erzielt werden. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, die Leistungsreserven auch auf die verschiedenen Druckstufen des Abhitzedampferzeugers zu verteilen.The capacity reserves required to increase performance can of course be used also by appropriate dimensioning, for example the Steam generator drum can be achieved. Of course it is possible that Power reserves also at the different pressure levels of the heat recovery steam generator to distribute.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Speisewasserpumpe Feedwater pump
22
Economizer (Speisewasservorwärmer)Economizer (feed water preheater)
33
Dampferzeuger-TrommelBoiler drum
44
VerdampferEvaporator
55
Überhitzersuperheater
66
Dampfturbinesteam turbine
77
Wärmespeicher - GleichdruckspeicherHeat accumulator - constant pressure accumulator
7'7 '
Wärmespeicher - GleichdruckspeicherHeat accumulator - constant pressure accumulator
88th
Pumpepump
8'8th'
Pumpepump
99
Separatorseparator
1010
Wärmespeicher - GefällespeicherHeat storage - gradient storage
1111
Dampfleitungsteam line
1212
Einlaßventilintake valve
1313
Auflade-/DruckausgleichsleitungCharge / balance pipe
1414
VentilValve
1515
Abhitzedampferzeugerheat recovery steam generator
Z1Z1
Zuleitung (Frischdampf- überhitzter Dampf)Supply line (live steam overheated steam)
Z2Z2
Zuleitung (Sattdampf aus Trommel)Supply line (saturated steam from drum)
Z3Z3
Zuleitung (Sattwasser aus Trommel)Supply line (saturated water from drum)
Z4Z4
Zuleitung (Sattwasser aus Economizer Austritt - leicht überhitzt)Supply line (saturated water from economizer outlet - slightly overheated)
II
Zuleitung (Dampf)Supply line (steam)
IIII
Zuleitung (Frischdampf - überhitzter Dampf)Supply line (live steam - superheated steam)
IIIIII
Zuleitung (Sattwasser)Supply (saturated water)

Claims (14)

  1. Appliance for making power reserves rapidly available in the case of combined gas and steam turbine installations having a steam generator (20) which, in order to drive the steam turbine (6), is connected to the latter by means of at least one inlet valve (12) and to which at least one heat reservoir (7, 10) is additionally coupled, from which heat reservoir (7, 10) saturated water can be additionally fed into the steam generator (20), as required, by means of a pump.
  2. Appliance according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat reservoir (7) is a constant-pressure reservoir.
  3. Appliance for making power reserves rapidly available in the case of combined gas and steam turbine installations having a steam generator (20) which, in order to drive the steam turbine (6), is connected to the latter by means of at least one inlet valve (12) and to which at least one heat reservoir (7, 10) is additionally coupled, which heat reservoir (7, 10) experiences a decrease in pressure when the inlet valve (12) is opened, by which means steam is formed which can be fed into the steam generator (20).
  4. Appliance according to Claim 3, characterized in that the heat reservoir is a pressure-drop reservoir (10).
  5. Appliance according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat reservoir (7) is a constant-pressure reservoir or a pressure-drop reservoir (10).
  6. Appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat reservoir unit (7) is connected to the steam generator (3).
  7. Appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat reservoir unit (7) is connected to the steam turbine (6).
  8. Appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the control valve (12) is the inlet valve for the steam led to the steam turbine (6) in the supply duct.
  9. Appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that saturated water conditions are present in the steam generator drum (3).
  10. Method of operating a combined gas and steam turbine installation in order to make power reserves rapidly available, using an appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that additional steam is driven from the heat reservoir unit (7, 10) into the water/steam circuit by deliberate pressure drop within the water/steam circuit, which additional steam is supplied to the steam turbine (6) with fully open control valves (12).
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the combined gas and steam turbine installation is operated in the sliding-pressure mode in order to increase the power.
  12. Method according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the heat reservoir unit (10) is charged with excess steam or saturated water produced during normal operation.
  13. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the pressure drop takes place by means of rapid opening of the inlet valve (12).
  14. Use of the appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 9 for stabilizing the frequency of the electrical current generated by the combined gas and steam turbine installation.
EP19980810728 1998-07-29 1998-07-29 System and process providing rapid power reserve in combined gas- and steam turbines plants Expired - Lifetime EP0976914B1 (en)

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EP19980810728 EP0976914B1 (en) 1998-07-29 1998-07-29 System and process providing rapid power reserve in combined gas- and steam turbines plants
DE59807318T DE59807318D1 (en) 1998-07-29 1998-07-29 Device and method for the rapid provision of power reserves in combined gas and steam turbine systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP19980810728 EP0976914B1 (en) 1998-07-29 1998-07-29 System and process providing rapid power reserve in combined gas- and steam turbines plants

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EP0976914B1 true EP0976914B1 (en) 2003-02-26

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AR029828A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-07-16 Petrobras En S A METHOD FOR PRIMARY FREQUENCY REGULATION IN COMBINED CYCLE STEAM TURBINES
FR2839549B1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2004-06-25 Technicatome SYSTEM FOR THERMALLY STORING A LARGE QUANTITY OF ENERGY AND ITS USE IN A VERY SHORT DURATION ON A VESSEL
CN101142375B (en) * 2005-03-18 2010-05-26 西门子公司 Method and device for production of controlled power by means of a combined gas and steam turbine plant
US7274111B2 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-09-25 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for electric power grid frequency stabilization
EP2256406B1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2018-07-18 Dr. W. Kolb AG Method of using the waste heat of a chemical reaction
EP2411672A4 (en) * 2009-03-26 2017-08-09 Solar Storage Company Intermediate pressure storage system for thermal storage
EP2592241A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a gas and steam turbine facility for frequency support
DE102012213976A1 (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for participation of steam turbine of power plant at network services and power ramps, involves extracting portion of steam mass flow from boiler, and releasing steam from external storage to steam turbine process when needed
ES2935581T3 (en) 2013-09-24 2023-03-08 Siemens Energy Global Gmbh & Co Kg Procedure for the operation of a steam turbine unit
DE102014202277A1 (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energy storage for intermediate storage of electrical energy
DE102016212634A1 (en) * 2016-07-12 2018-01-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for secondary frequency control of a fossil-fired power plant
DE102017207006A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-10-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Temperature sensor, steam power plant and use of a temperature sensor
CN113736954B (en) * 2021-09-01 2023-01-24 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 Method for supplying steam and improving superheat degree of steam for steelmaking heat accumulator

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