EP0957202B1 - Process and apparatus for making SC-A-paper online - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for making SC-A-paper online Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0957202B1
EP0957202B1 EP99100989A EP99100989A EP0957202B1 EP 0957202 B1 EP0957202 B1 EP 0957202B1 EP 99100989 A EP99100989 A EP 99100989A EP 99100989 A EP99100989 A EP 99100989A EP 0957202 B1 EP0957202 B1 EP 0957202B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper web
steam
supercalender
paper
nip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99100989A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0957202A2 (en
EP0957202A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Winheim
Rudolf Dr. Mann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VIB Apparatebau GmbH
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VIB Apparatebau GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19826899A external-priority patent/DE19826899B4/en
Application filed by VIB Apparatebau GmbH filed Critical VIB Apparatebau GmbH
Publication of EP0957202A2 publication Critical patent/EP0957202A2/en
Publication of EP0957202A3 publication Critical patent/EP0957202A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0957202B1 publication Critical patent/EP0957202B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21GCALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0073Accessories for calenders
    • D21G1/0093Web conditioning devices
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/008Steam showers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21GCALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G7/00Damping devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing SC-A paper with high gloss and high smoothness, the paper coming from the paper machine being fed online to a multinip soft calender called a supercalender, in which it is used to achieve the desired gloss and smoothness properties Passes through a large number of nips, and an apparatus for performing this method.
  • Gloss and smoothness are parameters of a paper web that influence not only its appearance but also its further processability. For certain applications, gloss and / or smoothness values are desirable which should be reproducible as evenly as possible.
  • the gloss and smoothness of the paper web are usually increased by the fact that the paper web, after the drying section of the paper machine, passes through a smoothing unit consisting of one or more nips, the gloss and / or smoothness of the paper web due to the pressure in the nip and the temperature the roller forming the nip is increased.
  • the gloss and smoothness of the paper web can only be influenced to a limited extent, since if the pressure in the nip is increased excessively, the paper web is compressed greatly as a whole and suffers a loss of volume. There is a risk that the paper web will lose stability. Also an increase there are limits to the roller temperature, since this procedure is very energy-intensive.
  • Supercalenders have a large number of rollers arranged one above the other and nips provided between them, through which the paper web passes. The large number of roller gaps results in a high degree of coverage and a good distribution of the satin work between pressure and temperature.
  • Supercalenders are usually provided offline, ie the paper web coming out of the paper machine is first wound up on a reel and transferred to the supercalender, which it then travels at a significantly lower speed than the paper machine speed.
  • the offline installation has the advantage that the paper web can even out before entering the supercalender, so that the supercalender does not have to work with the conditions from the paper machine which are influenced by many factors. However, the installation requirement is considerably higher.
  • a supercalender has heated steel rolls on the one hand and paper rolls or rolls covered with cotton on the other. More recently, so-called multinip soft calenders have also been used, in which rollers with polymer covers are used instead of paper rolls. These point to another elastic behavior than the paper rollers, so that you can work with smaller nip pressure.
  • machine or soft calenders that can be connected online to a paper machine and are therefore run through at paper machine speed.
  • Machine calenders have only a few nips, so that higher pressure and temperature are used and the paper web is subjected to correspondingly greater stress.
  • a major disadvantage of the soft calender is that not all types of paper can be refined in high quality.
  • SC-A paper that is highly compressed online using a soft calender.
  • the printability properties of a natural gravure paper supercalendered with 11 nips have been achieved with only four nips of a soft calender, but relatively high roller temperatures and compressive stresses in the nips are required for this.
  • EP 0 380 427 A2 discloses a smoothness controller for material that can be processed by a calender, in which a large number of adjustable nozzles direct a steam jet at a set speed onto certain areas of the material.
  • the nozzles are arranged immediately in front of the last roll of the calender and are directed against the direction of movement of the material to be steamed.
  • the excess steam is extracted.
  • DE 37 41 680 A1 describes a supercalender in which the paper web is moistened before it enters an evaporation device and is moistened by a further evaporation device even after passing through a number of nips.
  • the calender is connected online to a paper machine.
  • EP 0 341 457 A1 also discloses a method for producing smoothness and gloss on a paper web in a calender arrangement with two pairs of rollers, in which the paper web is cooled in each case before a pair of rollers of the calender arrangement passes through.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the online production of SC-A paper and to improve the paper quality.
  • Paper is a voluminous fiber structure with different behavior in the thickness direction. To simplify matters, one could imagine three areas (layers) arranged one above the other for SC-A paper with a material weight of approx. 50 g / m 2 .
  • the paper surface here means the uppermost area of the paper, that is to say the upper third of the material web in the case of the SC-A paper mentioned. After the application of steam, the moisture tends to even out over the cross section of the material web, it being provided according to the invention that the paper web enters the first nip before the moisture of the surface (upper third of the material web) reaches a predetermined value of 12% to 25 % has dropped.
  • the moisture gradient between the paper web surface and the central area of the paper web allows the surface to be worked more strongly in order to achieve better gloss and smoothness properties in the nip, while the central area of the paper web ensures sufficient stability.
  • the nip primarily affects the surface area of the paper web, while the middle (and lower) area has a significant effect is less influenced than with conventional methods. In the middle (and lower) range there is therefore no significant change in the thickness direction.
  • the volume of the paper web remains in preserved to a greater extent, although the surface quality is significantly improved.
  • the rollers have to be heated far less and the pressure in the nip can be selected lower than before. This saves considerable energy.
  • the invention makes use of thoughts that are known from DE 43 01 023 C2 for machine calenders. There, too, it is already planned to vaporize the paper web immediately before the nip and to guide the paper web through the nip before the temperature and moisture in the paper web have equalized.
  • the online production of SC-A papers is however not possible with such machine calenders. It has now been recognized that this method, which is known for machine calenders, allows the paper web to be treated so gently that the paper web can be fed online to a supercalender without the hitherto usual strong drying, which enables online production of SC-A paper.
  • the paper web is guided through the first nip of the supercalender before the temperature increase in the middle third of the paper web caused by the steam has reached 1 / e times the temperature increase on the surface.
  • the temperature curve over the paper web can also be determined mathematically or empirically.
  • the double temperature and humidity gradients can further improve the gloss and smoothness of the paper web surface.
  • the paper web is expediently cooled to about 32 ° C. on the supercalender before steam is applied in order to increase the temperature gradient.
  • the temperature of the calender or steel roll in the first nip of the supercalender is greater than 125 ° C. and preferably approximately 150 ° C. in order to remove the high moisture on the web surface. At the same time, the temperature gradient and thus the improvement in smoothness and gloss are increased.
  • intermediate cooling is provided according to the invention, with which the web temperature is preferably reduced to approximately 30 ° C.
  • the paper web is intercooled after leaving the drying section of the paper machine before rewetting.
  • the invention also provides that the paper web in the supercalender is moistened with steam.
  • the steam moistening which essentially influences the surface of the paper web, enables a gentle treatment of the paper web and additional enhancement of the smoothness and gloss improvement in the nip.
  • the moisture of the paper web is determined behind the intermediate cooling section (s), and that the steam application during the rewetting and / or before the first nip of the supercalender is regulated as a function of the actual moisture values determined and predetermined target values becomes.
  • the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web is determined according to the supercalender and that the steam output is regulated as a function of the determined actual values and predetermined target values.
  • the object is achieved in a device for the online production of SC-A paper by the features of claim 12. Since a steam delivery device is provided directly in front of the first nip of the supercalender, the increase in temperature and moisture in the paper web caused by the steam is not yet compensated for when the paper web passes through the nip.
  • a second cooling section connects to the evaporation device in order to reduce the web temperature upstream of the supercalender again.
  • a measuring frame is provided behind the first intermediate cooling section and / or behind the second cooling section, with which the Moisture of the paper web is detected, the measured values determined being used to control the steaming device and / or the steam delivery device. This means that the vaporization can always be adapted to the current conditions.
  • a measuring frame is also provided behind the supercalender, with which the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web is detected, the measured values determined being used to control the steam delivery device in order to be able to correct undesired changes in gloss or smoothness immediately.
  • the temperature of the rollers is adjusted on the basis of the measured values determined.
  • a steam delivery device is arranged on both sides of the paper web in front of the first nip of the supercalender, so that the improvements in gloss and smoothness properties take place simultaneously on both the top and the bottom of the paper web.
  • a suction device for removing the supersaturated air is provided in particular in the previously described sandwich construction with steam delivery devices on the top and bottom of the paper web. Otherwise there is a risk of droplet formation, which would damage the paper web.
  • the steaming device which is provided after the drying section for rewetting the paper web, has, according to the invention, a steam delivery device on the inlet side, to which a heating duct connects, through which the paper web runs. This ensures that the moisture applied by the steam delivery device can be uniform over the cross section of the paper web.
  • This process is supported according to the invention in that warm, saturated air is provided in the heating duct and is sucked off again at the end of the heating duct.
  • the single figure shows schematically the structure of a device according to the invention for the online production of SC-A paper.
  • a device 1 for the online production of SC-A paper has a paper machine, of which only the last section of the dryer section is indicated in the drawing. The detailed design of the paper machine is irrelevant to the invention.
  • An intermediate cooling section 2 connects to the drying section of the paper machine and is separated from a paper web 3 is run through, which rotates in the section shown, two suction rolls 4, 4 'and two cooling rolls 5, 5', the temperature of the paper web 3 falling from 125 ° C to 32 ° C.
  • the paper web has a humidity of 3 to 7%, which is detected by a moisture measuring frame 6.
  • the paper web 3 passes through a steaming device 7, which on the inlet side has a steam delivery device 8 and an adjoining heating duct 9, which is filled with warm, saturated air.
  • a suction 23 is provided at the end of the heating duct 9.
  • the paper web 3 has a temperature of approx. 92 ° C, i.e. the temperature in the steaming device 7 was increased by approximately 60 ° C.
  • the steam of the paper web 3 was increased by the application of steam.
  • the paper web 3 passes through a second cooling section 10, which here has two cooling rollers 11, 11 'and a suction roller 12 arranged between them.
  • the temperature of the paper web 3 is cooled down again to approx. 32 ° C., the paper web 3 having a moisture of 7 to 11.5% at the end of the cooling section 10.
  • the moisture content of the paper web 3 is recorded via a measuring frame 13.
  • the paper web 3 is then fed online to a supercalender 14, which consists of a multiplicity of nips 15, through which the paper web passes one after the other.
  • a super calender is a multi-nip soft calender.
  • Each roll nip 15 is formed by a paper roll 16 designed as a polymer roll and a steel roll 17 which is heated to at least 125 ° C., preferably up to 150 ° C.
  • deflection rollers 18 are provided.
  • a steam delivery device 19 is provided, which can in particular consist of a steam blow box, as described in DE 43 01 023 C2.
  • steam delivery devices 19, 19 ′ are arranged on the top and bottom of the paper web 3.
  • a suction 20 is assigned to the steam delivery device 19, 19 ', via which supersaturated air is extracted.
  • further steam delivery devices 21 are provided in front of further nips 15 2 , 15 3 , 15 4 , 15 6 , 15 7 , 15 9 , via which the paper web 3 is rewetted in order to partially compensate for the loss of moisture in the nips 15.
  • a measuring frame 22 is provided which determines the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web 3.
  • a so-called double-stack supercalender can also be used, in which two groups of nips are arranged one behind the other, through which the paper web passes in succession. This reduces the height of the calender. Otherwise the device 1 remains unchanged.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in the same way for a double-stack calender as for the calender shown in FIG. 1.
  • the paper web 3 emerging in the usual way from the dryer section of the paper machine first passes through the intermediate cooling section 2, in which its temperature is reduced to 32 ° C.
  • the paper web 3 is moistened and heated in the subsequent vapor deposition device 7.
  • the heating channel 9 through which the paper web 3 passes ensures that the moisture is evened out over the cross section of the paper web 3.
  • the paper web 3 leaves the vapor deposition device 7 at a temperature of approximately 92 ° C., which would, however, impair the increase in gloss and smoothness in the supercalender 14, since not enough steam would condense in front of the first roll nip 15 1 .
  • the temperature of the paper web 3 in the second cooling section 10 is therefore reduced again to approximately 32 ° C., the paper web having a moisture content of approximately 7 to 11.5%.
  • the steam delivery device 19, 19 ' hot, droplet-free steam is now applied to the paper web surface immediately before the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender 14, wherein the steam temperature in the steam blowing chamber of the steam delivery device 19, 19 'is approximately in the range from 102 ° C. to 110 ° C. in order to prevent condensation of the steam.
  • the steam delivery device 19, 19 ' is brought as close as possible to the nip 15 1 , the distance being adjustable depending on the speed at which the paper web 3 passes through the nip 15.
  • the steam condenses, drastically increasing the temperature on the surface of the paper web 3.
  • the surface will be about 90 ° C hot after the condensation of the steam.
  • the condensed steam forms a moisture film, the strength of which is, for example, in the range of a thousandth of a millimeter.
  • the condensation results in an almost sudden increase in temperature of the surface of the paper web 3, but this compensates for itself within a very short time via the thickness of the paper web 3, so that the paper web 3 has a uniform temperature distribution within fractions of a second.
  • the homogenization of the moisture takes a little longer, since the moisture penetrates into the paper web 3 more slowly than the temperature.
  • the top layer in the case of SC-A paper with a fabric weight of approx. 50 g / m 2, about a third of the paper web
  • the top layer has a significantly higher relative humidity than the central region of the paper web 3.
  • the paper web 3 passes through the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender 14.
  • the temperature of the paper web 3 is not yet balanced at this time, rather the temperature increase in the middle third of the paper web caused by the steam application should not yet have reached 1 / e times the temperature increase of the surface of the paper web 3 ,
  • the paper web 3 is treated by smoothing the surface of the web 3, which still has the increased temperature and humidity, or providing it with an increased gloss.
  • the areas of the paper web 3 lying further inside are not significantly changed by the roller gap 15 1 .
  • the paper web 3 passes through the further nips 15 2 to 15 11 of the Supercalender 14, the paper web 3 being moistened before the individual nips by the steam delivery devices 21 in order to improve the increase in gloss and smoothness.
  • the steam delivery is controlled by the steam delivery devices 19, 19 'and / or 21 and, if necessary, the heating of the calender rolls 17.
  • the moisture values determined by the measuring frame 6 and 13, together with corresponding predetermined target values, are used to control the steam application in the steaming device 7 and the steam delivery device 19, 19 '.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von SC-A-Papier mit hohem Glanz und hoher Glätte, wobei das aus der Papiermaschine kommende Papier online einem als Superkalander bezeichneten Multinip-Softkalander zugeführt wird, in dem es zur Erzielung der gewünschten Glanz- und Glätteeigenschaften eine Vielzahl von Walzenspalten durchläuft, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a process for producing SC-A paper with high gloss and high smoothness, the paper coming from the paper machine being fed online to a multinip soft calender called a supercalender, in which it is used to achieve the desired gloss and smoothness properties Passes through a large number of nips, and an apparatus for performing this method.

Glanz und Glätte sind Kenngrößen einer Papierbahn, die nicht nur ihr Aussehen, sondern auch ihre weitere Verarbeitbarkeit beeinflussen. Für bestimmte Anwendungen sind Glanz- und/oder Glättewerte erwünscht, die möglichst gleichmäßig reproduzierbar sein sollten.Gloss and smoothness are parameters of a paper web that influence not only its appearance but also its further processability. For certain applications, gloss and / or smoothness values are desirable which should be reproducible as evenly as possible.

Der Glanz und die Glätte der Papierbahn werden üblicherweise dadurch erhöht, daß die Papierbahn im Anschluß an die Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine ein Glättwerk bestehend aus einem oder mehreren Walzenspalten durchläuft, wobei der Glanz und/oder die Glätte der Papierbahn durch den Druck im Walzenspalt und die Temperatur der den walzenspalt bildenden Walzen erhöht wird. Hierdurch läßt sich der Glanz und die Glätte der Papierbahn jedoch nur in begrenztem Maße beeinflussen, da bei einer zu starken Erhöhung des Druckes im Walzenspalt die Papierbahn insgesamt stark komprimiert wird und einen Volumenverlust erleidet. Hierbei besteht die Gefahr, daß die Papierbahn an Stabilität verliert. Auch einer Erhöhung der Walzentemperatur sind Grenzen gesetzt, da dieses Vorgehen sehr energieaufwendig ist. So müssen zum Erzielen von Walzentemperaturen von 200°C laufend erhebliche Energiemengen zugeführt werden, da die Walzen durch die vorbeilaufende Papierbahn ständig gekühlt werden. Es wurde, bspw. bei Silikonpapieren, daher auch bereits versucht, den Glanz und die Glätte durch die Feuchtigkeit der Papierbahn zu beeinflussen. Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die zugeführte Feuchtigkeit nach der Behandlung zumindest teilweise wieder entfernt werden muß, was weitere Verfahrensschritte nach sich zieht, die den zeitlichen und apparativen Aufwand bei der Papierbahnbehandlung erhöhen.The gloss and smoothness of the paper web are usually increased by the fact that the paper web, after the drying section of the paper machine, passes through a smoothing unit consisting of one or more nips, the gloss and / or smoothness of the paper web due to the pressure in the nip and the temperature the roller forming the nip is increased. As a result, however, the gloss and smoothness of the paper web can only be influenced to a limited extent, since if the pressure in the nip is increased excessively, the paper web is compressed greatly as a whole and suffers a loss of volume. There is a risk that the paper web will lose stability. Also an increase there are limits to the roller temperature, since this procedure is very energy-intensive. In order to achieve roller temperatures of 200 ° C, considerable amounts of energy have to be supplied continuously, since the rollers are constantly cooled by the paper web passing by. For this reason, attempts have already been made, for example with silicone papers, to influence the gloss and smoothness by the moisture of the paper web. However, this has the disadvantage that the moisture supplied has to be at least partially removed again after the treatment, which entails further process steps which increase the time and equipment involved in the paper web treatment.

Grundsätzlich gibt es im wesentlichen zwei Arten von Glättwerken. Sog. Superkalander weisen eine Vielzahl übereinander angeordneter Walzen und dazwischen vorgesehener Walzenspalte auf, die von der Papierbahn durchlaufen werden. Durch die vielen Walzenspalten ergibt sich ein hoher Überdeckungsgrad und eine gute Verteilung der Satinagearbeit zwischen Druck und Temperatur. Superkalander sind üblicherweise offline vorgesehen, d.h., daß die aus der Papiermaschine kommende Papierbahn zunächst auf einen Tambour aufgewickelt und mit diesem zum Superkalander überführt wird, den sie dann mit einer erheblich geringeren Geschwindigkeit als der Papiermaschinengeschwindigkeit durchläuft. Die Offline-Installation hat den Vorteil, daß sich die Papierbahn vor Eintritt in den Superkalander noch ausgleichen kann, so daß im Superkalander nicht mit den durch viele Faktoren beeinflußten Bedingungen aus der Papiermaschine gearbeitet werden muß. Der Installationsbedarf ist jedoch erheblich höher. Klassischerweise weist ein Superkalander einerseits beheizte Stahlwalzen und andererseits Papierwalzen oder mit Baumwolle bezogene Walzen auf. In neuerer Zeit werden auch sog. Multinip-Softkalander eingesetzt, bei denen statt der Papierwalzen Walzen mit Polymerbezügen verwendet werden. Diese weisen ein anderes elastisches Verhalten auf als die Papierwalzen, so daß mit kleinerem Nipdruck gearbeitet werden kann.There are basically two types of smoothing units. So-called. Supercalenders have a large number of rollers arranged one above the other and nips provided between them, through which the paper web passes. The large number of roller gaps results in a high degree of coverage and a good distribution of the satin work between pressure and temperature. Supercalenders are usually provided offline, ie the paper web coming out of the paper machine is first wound up on a reel and transferred to the supercalender, which it then travels at a significantly lower speed than the paper machine speed. The offline installation has the advantage that the paper web can even out before entering the supercalender, so that the supercalender does not have to work with the conditions from the paper machine which are influenced by many factors. However, the installation requirement is considerably higher. Classically, a supercalender has heated steel rolls on the one hand and paper rolls or rolls covered with cotton on the other. More recently, so-called multinip soft calenders have also been used, in which rollers with polymer covers are used instead of paper rolls. These point to another elastic behavior than the paper rollers, so that you can work with smaller nip pressure.

Zum zweiten gibt es sog. Maschinen- oder Softkalander, die online an eine Papiermaschine angeschlossen sein können und daher mit Papiermaschinengeschwindigkeit durchlaufen werden. Maschinenkalander weisen aber nur wenige Walzenspalte auf, so daß mit höherem Druck und Temperatur gearbeitet und die Papierbahn entsprechend stärker beansprucht wird. Wesentlicher Nachteil der Softkalander ist, daß nicht alle Papierarten in hohen Qualitäten veredelt werden können. Insbesondere ist es nicht möglich, mit einem Softkalander online hochverdichtetes SC-A-Papier herzustellen. Zwar ist es in jüngerer Zeit gelungen, die Bedruckbarkeitseigenschaften eines mit 11 Walzenspalten superkalandrierten Naturtiefdruckpapieres auch mit nur vier Walzenspalten eines Softkalanders zu erreichen, doch sind hierfür relativ hohe Walzentemperaturen und Druckspannungen in den Walzenspalten erforderlich. Auch sind diese Qualitäten nur bei einem Geschwindigkeitsbereich erreichbar, der der für dieses Papier üblichen Satinagegeschwindigkeit in Superkalandernentspricht. (vgl. Rothfuss, Ulrich: Inline- und Offline-Satinage von holzhaltigen, tiefdruckfähigen Naturdruckpapieren in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 1993, Nr. 11/12, Seite 457-466). Mithin können derartige Qualitäten nur bei der Offline-Installation des Softkalanders erreicht werden.Secondly, there are so-called machine or soft calenders that can be connected online to a paper machine and are therefore run through at paper machine speed. Machine calenders, however, have only a few nips, so that higher pressure and temperature are used and the paper web is subjected to correspondingly greater stress. A major disadvantage of the soft calender is that not all types of paper can be refined in high quality. In particular, it is not possible to produce SC-A paper that is highly compressed online using a soft calender. More recently, the printability properties of a natural gravure paper supercalendered with 11 nips have been achieved with only four nips of a soft calender, but relatively high roller temperatures and compressive stresses in the nips are required for this. These qualities can also only be achieved at a speed range that corresponds to the satin speed in super calenders that is customary for this paper. (cf. Rothfuss, Ulrich: Inline and offline satinizing of wood-containing, gravure-capable natural printing papers in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 1993, No. 11/12, pages 457-466). Such qualities can therefore only be achieved with the offline installation of the soft calendar.

Aus der EP 0 380 427 A2 ist ein Glättekontroller für durch einen Kalander bearbeitbares Material bekannt, bei dem eine Vielzahl von einstellbaren Düsen einen Dampfstrahl eingestellter Geschwindikeit auf bestimmte Bereiche des Materials richten. Die Düsen sind unmittelbar vor der letzten Walze des Kalanders angeordnet und entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des zu bedampfenden Materials ausgerichtet. Um Kondensation und Tropfenbildung auf dem zu bearbeitenden Material zu vermeiden, der die Eigenschaften des Materials negativ beeinflussen kann, wird der überschüssige Dampf abgesaugt.EP 0 380 427 A2 discloses a smoothness controller for material that can be processed by a calender, in which a large number of adjustable nozzles direct a steam jet at a set speed onto certain areas of the material. The nozzles are arranged immediately in front of the last roll of the calender and are directed against the direction of movement of the material to be steamed. In order to avoid condensation and droplet formation on the material to be processed, which can negatively influence the properties of the material, the excess steam is extracted.

Die DE 37 41 680 A1 beschreibt einen Superkalander, bei dem die Papierbahn vor Eintritt über eine Bedampfungseinrichtung befeuchtet und auch nach Durchlaufen einiger Walzenspalte durch eine weitere Bedampfungseinrichtung nachgefeuchtet wird. Das Kalanderwerk ist hierbei online an eine Papiermaschine angeschlossen.DE 37 41 680 A1 describes a supercalender in which the paper web is moistened before it enters an evaporation device and is moistened by a further evaporation device even after passing through a number of nips. The calender is connected online to a paper machine.

Weiterhin offenbart der Artikel "Redeeming old calenders with new Janus technology" von Franz Kayser aus Paper Asia, Band Oct. 97, Seiten 18, 20, 21, eine sogenannte Janus-Technologie, mit der auch die Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier in einem Superkalander ermöglicht wird. Dies wird insbesondere durch plastikbeschichtete Rollen erreicht, die stark aufgeheizt sind.Furthermore, the article "Redeeming old calenders with new Janus technology" by Franz Kayser from Paper Asia, Volume Oct. 97, pages 18, 20, 21, a so-called Janus technology, which also enables online production of SC-A paper in a super calender. This is achieved in particular by plastic-coated rollers that are very hot.

Aus der EP 0 341 457 A1 ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Glätte und Glanz auf einer Papierbahn in einer Kalanderanordnung mit zwei Walzenpaaren bekannt, bei welchem die Papierbahn jeweils vor dem Durchlaufen eines Walzenpaares der Kalanderanordnung gekühlt wird.EP 0 341 457 A1 also discloses a method for producing smoothness and gloss on a paper web in a calender arrangement with two pairs of rollers, in which the paper web is cooled in each case before a pair of rollers of the calender arrangement passes through.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgegenüber, die Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier zu vereinfachen und die Papierqualität zu verbessern.In contrast, the object of the invention is to simplify the online production of SC-A paper and to improve the paper quality.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, dass die aus der Papiermaschine kommende, einem als Superkalander bezeichneten Multinip-Softkalander online zugeführte Papierbahn nach Verlassen der Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine nachgefeuchtet, vor Eintritt in den Superkalander zwischengekühlt und unmittelbar vor dem ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders mit Dampf erneut befeuchtet und durch den Walzenspalt geführt wird, bevor die durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung entstandene erhöhte Feuchte des Oberen Drittels der Papierbahn unter einen vorbestimmten Wert im Bereich von 12% bis 25% abgesunken ist. Dadurch wird ein erhöhter Feuchtegehalt, d.h. bessere Verformbarkeit, der Papierbahn bei gleichzeitig gewährleistetem ausreichenden Temperaturgradienten am ersten Nip des Superkalanders ermöglicht.This object is essentially achieved with the invention according to the features of claim 1 in that the paper web coming from the paper machine and supplied online to a multinip soft calender referred to as a supercalender is moistened after leaving the drying section of the paper machine, intercooled and immediately before entering the supercalender before the first nip of the supercalender moistened again with steam and passed through the nip is before the increased moisture of the upper third of the paper web caused by the steam application has dropped below a predetermined value in the range from 12% to 25%. This enables the paper web to have an increased moisture content, ie better deformability, while at the same time ensuring a sufficient temperature gradient at the first nip of the supercalender.

Bei Papier handelt es sich um ein volumiges Fasergebilde mit unterschiedlichem Verhalten in Dickenrichtung. So könnte man sich zur Vereinfachung bei einem SC-A-Papier mit einem Stoffgewicht von ca. 50 g/m2 drei übereinander angeordnete Bereiche (Schichten) vorstellen. Unter der Papieroberfläche wird hier der oberste Bereich des Papieres verstanden, d.h. bei dem erwähnten SC-A-Papier das obere Drittel der Materialbahn. Nach der Dampfaufbringung neigt die Feuchtigkeit dazu, sich Ober den Querschnitt der Materialbahn auszugleichen, wobei erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen ist, dass die Papierbahn in den ersten Walzenspalt eintritt, bevor die Feuchte der Oberfläche (oberes Drittel der Materialbahn) auf einen vorbestimmten Wert von 12% bis 25% abgesunken ist. Durch den Feuchtigkeitsgradienten zwischen der Papierbahnoberfläche und dem mittleren Bereich der Papierbahn lässt sich die Oberfläche zur Erzielung besserer Glanz- und Glätteeigenschaften im Walzenspalt stärker bearbeiten, während der mittlere Bereich der Papierbahn eine ausreichende Stabilität gewährleistet.Paper is a voluminous fiber structure with different behavior in the thickness direction. To simplify matters, one could imagine three areas (layers) arranged one above the other for SC-A paper with a material weight of approx. 50 g / m 2 . The paper surface here means the uppermost area of the paper, that is to say the upper third of the material web in the case of the SC-A paper mentioned. After the application of steam, the moisture tends to even out over the cross section of the material web, it being provided according to the invention that the paper web enters the first nip before the moisture of the surface (upper third of the material web) reaches a predetermined value of 12% to 25 % has dropped. The moisture gradient between the paper web surface and the central area of the paper web allows the surface to be worked more strongly in order to achieve better gloss and smoothness properties in the nip, while the central area of the paper web ensures sufficient stability.

Damit erreicht man nicht nur eine Befeuchtung der Papierbahn, sondern erzielt gleichzeitig eine Temperaturerhöhung. Die im Dampf enthaltene Wärme überträgt sich beim Kondensieren auf die Papierbahn, so dass man durch diese Maßnahme eine Papierbahn erhält, die an der Oberfläche die notwendige Temperatur und die notwendige Feuchte aufweist. Wird nun diese Papierbahn durch den Walzenspalt geführt, beeinflusst der Walzenspalt vor allem den Oberflächenbereich der Papierbahn, während der mittlere (und untere) Bereich wesentlich weniger beeinflusst wird als bei herkömmlichen Verfahren. Im mittleren (und unteren) Bereich erfolgt daher keine nennenswerte Veränderung in Dickenrichtung. Das Volumen der Papierbahn bleibt in höherem Maße erhalten, obwohl die Oberflächenqualität deutlich verbessert wird. Die walzen müssen weitaus weniger beheizt werden, und der Druck im Walzenspalt kann geringer als bisher gewählt werden. Dies spart erhebliche Energien. Man kann rechnerisch (Finite Elemente-Methode) oder empirisch ermitteln, wie lange es dauert, bis die Feuchtigkeit in das Innere der Bahn eindringt. Bevor dieser Zustand eintritt, ist die Bahn, genauer gesagt ihre Oberfläche, aber bereits im Walzenspalt behandelt worden. Durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt der Papierbahn in den Walzenspalt ist die Oberfläche der Bahn noch auf einer relativ hohen Temperatur und weist eine relativ hohe Feuchtigkeit auf, so daß die Erhöhung von Glanz- und/oder Glätte auch bei niedrigen Drücken und niedrigen Temperaturen im Walzenspalt durchgeführt wird. Zum anderen nimmt die Bahn insgesamt keine nennenswerte Menge an Feuchtigkeit auf, so daß aufwendige Nachbehandlungen entfallen. Die zum Umformen der Oberfläche benötigten Energien werden in dem Bereich gehalten, der umgeformt, also geglättet werden soll. Die übrigen Bahnteile werden nicht oder nur in geringem Maße beeinträchtigt.Not only is the paper web moistened, but the temperature is increased at the same time. The heat contained in the steam is transferred to the paper web during condensation, so that this measure gives a paper web which has the necessary temperature and the necessary moisture on the surface. If this paper web is now passed through the nip, the nip primarily affects the surface area of the paper web, while the middle (and lower) area has a significant effect is less influenced than with conventional methods. In the middle (and lower) range there is therefore no significant change in the thickness direction. The volume of the paper web remains in preserved to a greater extent, although the surface quality is significantly improved. The rollers have to be heated far less and the pressure in the nip can be selected lower than before. This saves considerable energy. You can calculate (finite element method) or empirically how long it takes for the moisture to penetrate into the interior of the web. Before this condition occurs, the web, more precisely its surface, has already been treated in the nip. Due to the steam application immediately before the paper web enters the nip, the surface of the web is still at a relatively high temperature and has a relatively high humidity, so that the increase in gloss and / or smoothness even at low pressures and low temperatures in Roll nip is carried out. On the other hand, the web does not absorb any appreciable amount of moisture overall, so that expensive post-treatments are not necessary. The energies required for reshaping the surface are kept in the area that is to be reshaped, i.e. smoothed. The remaining parts of the track are not affected or are only slightly affected.

Durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung unmittelbar vor dem ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders und damit hohen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Bahnoberfläche beim Durchlaufen des ersten Walzenspaltes wird eine sehr schonende Behandlung der Papierbahn erreicht, so daß die bisher vor dem Eintritt in den Superkalander notwendige starke Trocknung der Papierbahn zum Vermeiden vom Cockling nicht mehr notwendig ist.By applying steam immediately before the first nip of the supercalender and thus high moisture content of the web surface as it passes through the first nip, a very gentle treatment of the paper web is achieved, so that the strong drying of the paper web previously necessary before entering the supercalender to avoid cockling is not is more necessary.

Die Erfindung macht sich hierbei Gedanken zu Nutze, die aus der DE 43 01 023 C2 für Maschinenkalander bekannt sind. Auch dort ist bereits vorgesehen, die Papierbahn unmittelbar vor dem Walzenspalt zu bedampfen und die Papierbahn durch den Nip zu führen, bevor sich die Temperatur und Feuchte in der Papierbahn ausgeglichen haben. Die Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papieren ist jedoch mit derartigen Maschinenkalandern nicht möglich. Es wurde nun erkannt, dass dieses für Maschinenkalander bekannte Verfahren eine so schonende Behandlung der Papierbahn erlaubt, dass die Papierbahn auch ohne die bisher übliche starke Trocknung online einem Superkalander zugeführt werden kann, wodurch eine Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier ermöglicht wird.The invention makes use of thoughts that are known from DE 43 01 023 C2 for machine calenders. There, too, it is already planned to vaporize the paper web immediately before the nip and to guide the paper web through the nip before the temperature and moisture in the paper web have equalized. The online production of SC-A papers is however not possible with such machine calenders. It has now been recognized that this method, which is known for machine calenders, allows the paper web to be treated so gently that the paper web can be fed online to a supercalender without the hitherto usual strong drying, which enables online production of SC-A paper.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Papierbahn durch den ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders geführt, bevor die durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung bedingte Temperaturerhöhung im mittleren Drittel der Papierbahn das 1/e-fache der Temperaturerhöhung an der Oberfläche erreicht hat. Auch der Temperaturverlauf über die Papierbahn lässt sich rechnerisch oder empirisch ermitteln. Durch den doppelten Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsgradienten lässt sich die Glanz- und Glättebeeinflussung der Papierbahnoberfläche noch verbessern.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the paper web is guided through the first nip of the supercalender before the temperature increase in the middle third of the paper web caused by the steam has reached 1 / e times the temperature increase on the surface. The temperature curve over the paper web can also be determined mathematically or empirically. The double temperature and humidity gradients can further improve the gloss and smoothness of the paper web surface.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Papierbahn vor der Dampfbeaufschlagung am Superkalander auf ca. 32°C gekühlt, um den Temperaturgradienten zu verstärken.The paper web is expediently cooled to about 32 ° C. on the supercalender before steam is applied in order to increase the temperature gradient.

Ergänzend ist vorgesehen, dass die Temperatur der Kalander- oder Stahlwalze im ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders größer ist als 125°C und vorzugsweise ca. 150°C beträgt, um die hohe Feuchte der Bahnoberfläche zu entfernen. Gleichzeitig wird der Temperaturgradient und damit die Glätte- und Glanzverbesserung erhöht.In addition, it is provided that the temperature of the calender or steel roll in the first nip of the supercalender is greater than 125 ° C. and preferably approximately 150 ° C. in order to remove the high moisture on the web surface. At the same time, the temperature gradient and thus the improvement in smoothness and gloss are increased.

Da die Papierbahn die Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine mit einer relativ hohen Temperatur von bspw. 125°C verlässt, ist erfindungsgemäß eine Zwischenkühlung vorgesehen, mit der die Bahntemperatur vorzugsweise auf ca. 30°C verringert wird.Since the paper web leaves the dryer section of the paper machine at a relatively high temperature of, for example, 125 ° C., intermediate cooling is provided according to the invention, with which the web temperature is preferably reduced to approximately 30 ° C.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Papierbahn nach Verlassen der Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine vor dem Nachfeuchten zwischengekühlt wird.According to the invention it is provided that the paper web is intercooled after leaving the drying section of the paper machine before rewetting.

Die Nachfeuchtung der Papierbahn nach der Trockenpartie erfolgt in Weiterbildung dieses Erfindungsgedankens in einem Bedampfer, in dem zunächst Dampf auf die Papierbahn aufgebracht und diese dann durch einen Heizkanal mit warmer, gesättigter Luft geführt wird. Dadurch kann sich die Feuchte über den gesamten Querschnitt der Papierbahn ausgleichen. Die gesättigte Luft wird am Ende des Heizkanals wieder abgesaugt.The rewetting of the paper web after the dryer section takes place in a further development of this inventive concept in an evaporator, in which steam is first applied to the paper web and this is then passed through a heating duct with warm, saturated air. This allows the moisture to even out over the entire cross-section of the paper web. The saturated air is extracted again at the end of the heating duct.

Da die Feuchte der Papierbahn bei jedem Durchlaufen eines Walzenspaltes im Superkalander verringert wird, ist erfindungsgemäß außerdem vorgesehen, dass die Papierbahn im Superkalander mit Dampf nachgefeuchtet wird. Die im wesentlichen die Oberfläche der Papierbahn beeinflussende Dampfbefeuchtung ermöglicht eine schonende Behandlung der Papierbahn und zusätzliche Verstärkung der Glätte- und Glanzverbesserung im Walzenspalt.Since the moisture of the paper web is reduced each time it passes through a nip in the supercalender, the invention also provides that the paper web in the supercalender is moistened with steam. The steam moistening, which essentially influences the surface of the paper web, enables a gentle treatment of the paper web and additional enhancement of the smoothness and gloss improvement in the nip.

Erfindungsgemäß ist weiter vorgesehen, dass die Feuchte der Papierbahn hinter dem bzw. den Zwischenkühlabschnitt(en) ermittelt wird, und dass die Dampfbeaufschlagung bei der Nachfeuchtung und/oder vor dem ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders in Abhängigkeit von den ermittelten Feuchte-Istwerten und vorgegebenen Sollwerten geregelt wird.According to the invention, it is further provided that the moisture of the paper web is determined behind the intermediate cooling section (s), and that the steam application during the rewetting and / or before the first nip of the supercalender is regulated as a function of the actual moisture values determined and predetermined target values becomes.

Ergänzend ist vorgesehen, daß der Glanz und/oder die Glätte der Papierbahn nach dem Superkalander ermittelt und die Dampfabgabe in Abhängigkeit von den ermittelten Istwerten und vorgegebenen Sollwerten geregelt wird.In addition, it is provided that the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web is determined according to the supercalender and that the steam output is regulated as a function of the determined actual values and predetermined target values.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung zur Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. Indem unmittelbar vor dem ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders eine Dampfabgabevorrichtung vorgesehen ist, ist die durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung bewirkte Temperatur- und Feuchteerhöhung der Papierbahn noch nicht ausgeglichen, wenn die Papierbahn den Walzenspalt durchläuft.The object is achieved in a device for the online production of SC-A paper by the features of claim 12. Since a steam delivery device is provided directly in front of the first nip of the supercalender, the increase in temperature and moisture in the paper web caused by the steam is not yet compensated for when the paper web passes through the nip.

Erfindungsgemäß schließt sich an die Bedampfungseinrichtung ein zweiter Kühlabschnitt an, um die Bahntemperatur vor dem Superkalander wieder zu verringem. Durch die Kühlung der Bahn vor dem Aufbringen des Dampfes am ersten Nip des Superkalanders wird eine ausreichende Dampfmenge zur Kondensation gebracht. Der durch die Bedampfung erzielte Feuchtigkeits- und Temperaturgradient bleibt bis zum ersten Nip erhalten, da die Bedampfung erst unmittelbar vor dem ersten Nip des Superkalanders erfolgt, so daß ein Ausgleich der Temperatur und Feuchte nicht möglich ist.According to the invention, a second cooling section connects to the evaporation device in order to reduce the web temperature upstream of the supercalender again. By cooling the web before applying the steam to the first nip of the supercalender, a sufficient amount of steam is brought to condensation. The moisture and temperature gradient achieved by the vapor deposition is retained until the first nip, since the vapor deposition takes place immediately before the first nip of the supercalender, so that temperature and moisture cannot be equalized.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß hinter dem ersten Zwischenkühlabschnitt und/oder hinter dem zweiten Kühlabschnitt ein Meßrahmen vorgesehen ist, mit dem die Feuchtigkeit der Papierbahn erfaßt wird, wobei die ermittelten Meßwerte zur Steuerung der Bedampfungseinrichtung und/oder der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung herangezogen werden. Dadurch kann die Bedampfung immer an die aktuellen Gegebenheiten angepaßt werden.In a development of the invention it is provided that a measuring frame is provided behind the first intermediate cooling section and / or behind the second cooling section, with which the Moisture of the paper web is detected, the measured values determined being used to control the steaming device and / or the steam delivery device. This means that the vaporization can always be adapted to the current conditions.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ferner hinter dem Superkalander ein Meßrahmen vorgesehen, mit dem der Glanz und/oder die Glätte der Papierbahn erfaßt wird, wobei die ermittelten Meßwerte zur Steuerung der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung herangezogen werden, um unerwünschte Glanz- oder Glätteänderungen unmittelbar korrigieren zu können. Ergänzend kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Temperatur der walzen auf der Basis der ermittelten Meßwerte angepaßt wird.According to the invention, a measuring frame is also provided behind the supercalender, with which the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web is detected, the measured values determined being used to control the steam delivery device in order to be able to correct undesired changes in gloss or smoothness immediately. In addition, it can be provided that the temperature of the rollers is adjusted on the basis of the measured values determined.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist je eine Dampfabgabeeinrichtung auf beiden Seiten der Papierbahn vor dem ersten Walzenspalt des Superkalanders angeordnet, so daß die Verbesserungen der Glanz- und Glätteeigenschaften sowohl auf der Ober- als auch der Unterseite der Papierbahn gleichzeitig erfolgt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a steam delivery device is arranged on both sides of the paper web in front of the first nip of the supercalender, so that the improvements in gloss and smoothness properties take place simultaneously on both the top and the bottom of the paper web.

Da der Wirkungsgrad der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung begrenzt ist, also nicht der gesamte abgegebene Dampf von der Papierbahn aufgenommen wird, ist insbesondere bei der zuvor beschriebenen Sandwich-Bauweise mit Dampfabgabeeinrichtungen auf der Oberund Unterseite der Papierbahn eine Absaugung zur Abführung der übersättigten Luft vorgesehen. Ansonsten besteht die Gefahr der Tröpfchenbildung, was zu einer Beschädigung der Papierbahn führen würde.Since the efficiency of the steam delivery device is limited, i.e. not all of the steam released is taken up by the paper web, a suction device for removing the supersaturated air is provided in particular in the previously described sandwich construction with steam delivery devices on the top and bottom of the paper web. Otherwise there is a risk of droplet formation, which would damage the paper web.

In weiterbildung der Erfindung sind in dem Superkalander vor weiteren Walzenspalten weitere Dampfabgabeeinrichtungen zur Nachfeuchtung der Papierbahn vorgesehen, um in erfindungs gemäßer Weise die Oberflächenverbesserungen in diesen Walzenspalten zu unterstützen.In a further development of the invention, further steam dispensing devices for rewetting the paper web are provided in the supercalender in front of further roll nips, in order to achieve appropriately to support the surface improvements in these nips.

Die Bedampfungseinrichtung, die im Anschluß an die Trockenpartie zur Nachfeuchtung der Papierbahn vorgesehen ist, weist erfindungsgemäß eingangsseitig eine Dampfabgabeeinrichtung auf, an die sich ein Heizkanal anschließt, der von der Papierbahn durchlaufen wird. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß sich die von der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung aufgebrachte Feuchte über den Querschnitt der Papierbahn vergleichmäßigen kann.The steaming device, which is provided after the drying section for rewetting the paper web, has, according to the invention, a steam delivery device on the inlet side, to which a heating duct connects, through which the paper web runs. This ensures that the moisture applied by the steam delivery device can be uniform over the cross section of the paper web.

Dieser Vorgang wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch unterstützt, daß in dem Heizkanal warme, gesättigte Luft vorgesehen ist, die am Ende des Heizkanals wieder abgesaugt wird.This process is supported according to the invention in that warm, saturated air is provided in the heating duct and is sucked off again at the end of the heating duct.

Weiterbildungen, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Zeichnung.Further developments, advantages and possible uses of the invention also result from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier.The single figure shows schematically the structure of a device according to the invention for the online production of SC-A paper.

Eine Vorrichtung 1 zur Online-Herstellung von SC-A-Papier weist zum einen eine Papiermaschine auf, von der in der Zeichnung lediglich der letzte Abschnitt der Trockenpartie angedeutet ist. Die nähere Ausgestaltung der Papiermaschine spielt für die Erfindung keine Rolle.A device 1 for the online production of SC-A paper has a paper machine, of which only the last section of the dryer section is indicated in the drawing. The detailed design of the paper machine is irrelevant to the invention.

An die Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine schließt sich ein Zwischenkühlabschnitt 2 an, der von einer Papierbahn 3 durchlaufen wird, die in dem dargestellten Abschnitt zwei Saugwalzen 4, 4' und zwei Kühlwalzen 5, 5' umläuft, wobei die Temperatur der Papierbahn 3 von 125°C auf 32°C sinkt. Am Ende der Zwischenkühlabschnitts 2 weist die Papierbahn eine Feuchtigkeit von 3 bis 7% auf, die über einen Feuchtigkeits-Meßrahmen 6 erfaßt wird.An intermediate cooling section 2 connects to the drying section of the paper machine and is separated from a paper web 3 is run through, which rotates in the section shown, two suction rolls 4, 4 'and two cooling rolls 5, 5', the temperature of the paper web 3 falling from 125 ° C to 32 ° C. At the end of the intermediate cooling section 2, the paper web has a humidity of 3 to 7%, which is detected by a moisture measuring frame 6.

Anschließend an den Zwischenabschnitt 2 durchläuft die Papierbahn 3 eine Bedampfungseinrichtung 7, die eingangsseitig eine Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 8 und einen sich daran anschließenden Heizkanal 9 aufweist, der mit warmer, gesättigter Luft gefüllt ist. Am Ende des Heizkanals 9 ist eine Absaugung 23 vorgesehen. Nach Durchlaufen der Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 weist die Papierbahn 3 eine Temperatur von ca. 92°C auf, d.h. die Temperatur wurde in der Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 um ca. 60°C erhöht. Gleichzeitig wurde durch die Dampfaufbringung auch die Feuchte der Papierbahn 3 erhöht.Subsequent to the intermediate section 2, the paper web 3 passes through a steaming device 7, which on the inlet side has a steam delivery device 8 and an adjoining heating duct 9, which is filled with warm, saturated air. A suction 23 is provided at the end of the heating duct 9. After passing through the steaming device 7, the paper web 3 has a temperature of approx. 92 ° C, i.e. the temperature in the steaming device 7 was increased by approximately 60 ° C. At the same time, the steam of the paper web 3 was increased by the application of steam.

Im Anschluß an die Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 durchläuft die Papierbahn 3 einen zweiten Kühlabschnitt 10, der hier zwei Kühlwalzen 11, 11' und eine dazwischen angeordnete Saugwalze 12 aufweist. In dem Kühlabschnitt 10 wird die Temperatur der Papierbahn 3 wieder auf ca. 32°C heruntergekühlt, wobei die Papierbahn 3 am Ende des Kühlabschnitts 10 eine Feuchtigkeit von 7 bis 11,5% aufweist. Der Feuchtegehalt der Papierbahn 3 wird über einen Meßrahmen 13 erfaßt.Following the steaming device 7, the paper web 3 passes through a second cooling section 10, which here has two cooling rollers 11, 11 'and a suction roller 12 arranged between them. In the cooling section 10, the temperature of the paper web 3 is cooled down again to approx. 32 ° C., the paper web 3 having a moisture of 7 to 11.5% at the end of the cooling section 10. The moisture content of the paper web 3 is recorded via a measuring frame 13.

Anschließend wird die Papierbahn 3 online einem Superkalander 14 zugeführt, der aus einer Vielzahl von Walzenspalten (Nips) 15 besteht, die nacheinander von der Papierbahn durchlaufen werden. Mit Superkalander wird hier ein Multinip-Softkalander bezeichnet. Jeder Walzenspalt 15 wird durch eine als Polymerwalze ausgebildete Papierwalze 16 und eine Stahlwalze 17 gebildet, die auf wenigstens 125°C, vorzugsweise bis auf 150°C aufgeheizt ist.The paper web 3 is then fed online to a supercalender 14, which consists of a multiplicity of nips 15, through which the paper web passes one after the other. A super calender is a multi-nip soft calender. Each roll nip 15 is formed by a paper roll 16 designed as a polymer roll and a steel roll 17 which is heated to at least 125 ° C., preferably up to 150 ° C.

Um die Papierbahn 3 durch die entsprechenden Walzenspalte zu führen, sind Umlenkrollen 18 vorgesehen.In order to guide the paper web 3 through the corresponding nips, deflection rollers 18 are provided.

Unmittelbar vor dem ersten Walzenspalt 151 des Superkalanders 14 ist eine Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19 vorgesehen, die insbesondere aus einem Dampfblaskasten bestehen kann, wie er in der DE 43 01 023 C2 beschrieben ist. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' auf der Ober- bzw. Unterseite der Papierbahn 3 angeordnet. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, lediglich eine Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19 auf der Oberseite der Papierbahn 3 vorzusehen. Der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' ist eine Absaugung 20 zugeordnet, über die übersättigte Luft abgesaugt wird.Immediately in front of the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender 14, a steam delivery device 19 is provided, which can in particular consist of a steam blow box, as described in DE 43 01 023 C2. In the embodiment shown, steam delivery devices 19, 19 ′ are arranged on the top and bottom of the paper web 3. However, it is also possible to provide only one steam delivery device 19 on the top of the paper web 3. A suction 20 is assigned to the steam delivery device 19, 19 ', via which supersaturated air is extracted.

In dem Superkalander 14 sind vor weiteren Nips 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159 weitere Dampfabgabeeinrichtungen 21 vorgesehen, über die die Papierbahn 3 nachgefeuchtet wird, um den Feuchteverlust in den Walzenspalten 15 teilweise wieder auszugleichen.In the supercalender 14, further steam delivery devices 21 are provided in front of further nips 15 2 , 15 3 , 15 4 , 15 6 , 15 7 , 15 9 , via which the paper web 3 is rewetted in order to partially compensate for the loss of moisture in the nips 15.

Im Anschluß an den Superkalander 14 ist ein Meßrahmen 22 vorgesehen, der den Glanz und/oder die Glätte der Papierbahn 3 ermittelt.Following the supercalender 14, a measuring frame 22 is provided which determines the gloss and / or the smoothness of the paper web 3.

Anstelle des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Superkalandars 14 kann auch ein sogenannter Double-Stack-Superkalander verwendet werden, bei dem zwei Gruppen von Walzenspalten hintereinander angeordnet sind, die nacheinander von der Papierbahn durchlaufen werden. Hierdurch wird die Bauhöhe des Kalanders verringert. Im übrigen bleibt die Vorrichtung 1 unverändert. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich bei einem Double-Stack-Kalander in gleicher Weise durchführen wie bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kalander.Instead of the supercalender 14 shown in FIG. 1, a so-called double-stack supercalender can also be used, in which two groups of nips are arranged one behind the other, through which the paper web passes in succession. This reduces the height of the calender. Otherwise the device 1 remains unchanged. The method according to the invention can be carried out in the same way for a double-stack calender as for the calender shown in FIG. 1.

Nachfolgend wird die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 beschrieben:The mode of operation of the device 1 according to the invention is described below:

Die in üblicher Weise aus der Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine austretende Papierbahn 3 durchläuft zunächst den Zwischenkühlabschnitt 2, in dem ihre Temperatur auf 32°C gesenkt wird. In der anschließenden Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 wird die Papierbahn 3 befeuchtet und erwärmt. Durch den Heizkanal 9, den die Papierbahn 3 durchläuft, wird gewährleistet, daß sich die Feuchtigkeit über den Querschnitt der Papierbahn 3 vergleichmäßigt. Die Papierbahn 3 verläßt die Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 mit einer Temperatur von ca. 92°C, die aber die Glanz- und Glätteerhöhung im Superkalander 14 beeinträchtigen würde, da vor dem ersten Walzenspalt 151 nicht ausreichend viel Dampf kondensieren würde. Daher wird die Temperatur der Papierbahn 3 in dem zweiten Kühlabschnitt 10 wieder auf ca. 32°C gesenkt, wobei die Papierbahn eine Feuchtigkeit von ca. 7 bis 11,5% aufweist.The paper web 3 emerging in the usual way from the dryer section of the paper machine first passes through the intermediate cooling section 2, in which its temperature is reduced to 32 ° C. The paper web 3 is moistened and heated in the subsequent vapor deposition device 7. The heating channel 9 through which the paper web 3 passes ensures that the moisture is evened out over the cross section of the paper web 3. The paper web 3 leaves the vapor deposition device 7 at a temperature of approximately 92 ° C., which would, however, impair the increase in gloss and smoothness in the supercalender 14, since not enough steam would condense in front of the first roll nip 15 1 . The temperature of the paper web 3 in the second cooling section 10 is therefore reduced again to approximately 32 ° C., the paper web having a moisture content of approximately 7 to 11.5%.

Mit der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' wird nun unmittelbar vor dem ersten Nip 151 des Superkalanders 14 heißer, tröpfchenfreier Dampf auf die Papierbahnoberfläche aufgebracht,
wobei die Dampftemperatur in der Dampfblaskammer der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' etwa im Bereich von 102°C bis 110°C liegt, um ein Kondensieren des Dampfes auszuschließen. Die Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' wird möglichst dicht an den Walzenspalt 151 herangebracht, wobei die Entfernung abhängig von der Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Papierbahn 3 den Walzenspalt 15 durchläuft, eingestellt werden kann. Der aus der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19' austretende Dampf breitet sich mit einem relativ gleichmäßigen Druck und einer gleichmäßigen hohen Geschwindigkeit von beispielsweise 25 m/s oder mehr aus. Sobald der Dampf mit der relativ kalten Papierbahn 3 in Berührung kommt, kondensiert er, wobei er die Temperatur an der Oberfläche der Papierbahn 3 drastisch erhöht. Bei einer etwa 30°C kalten Papierbahn 3 wird die Oberfläche nach der Kondensation des Dampfes etwa 90°C heiß sein. Gleichzeitig bildet sich durch den kondensierten Dampf ein Feuchtigkeitsfilm, dessen Stärke beispielsweise im Bereich eines Tausendstelmillimeters liegt. Bei der Kondensation ergibt sich eine fast schlagartige Temperaturerhöhung der Oberfläche der Papierbahn 3, die sich aber innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit über die Dicke der Papierbahn 3 ausgleicht, so daß die Papierbahn 3 innerhalb von Sekundenbruchteilen eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung hat. Die Vergleichmäßigung der Feuchtigkeit dauert etwas länger, da die Feuchtigkeit langsamer als die Temperatur in die Papierbahn 3 eindringt. Deswegen hat die oberste Schicht (bei einem SC-A-Papier eines Stoffgewichts von ca. 50 g/m2 etwa ein Drittel der Papierbahn) eine wesentlich höhere relative Feuchtigkeit als der mittlere Bereich der Papierbahn 3. Je weiter die Feuchtigkeit in das Innere der Papierbahn 3 vordringt, desto stärker nimmt die relative Feuchtigkeit ab. Bevor die Feuchte der Oberfläche (oberes bzw. bei Bedampfung von unten unteres Drittel) der Papierbahn 3 aber unter einem vorbestimmten Wert im Bereich von 12% bis 25%, insbesondere von 16% bis 25% abgesunken ist, durchläuft die Papierbahn 3 den ersten Nip 151 des Superkalanders 14. Auch die Temperatur der Papierbahn 3 ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht ausgeglichen, vielmehr sollte die durch die Dampfbeaufschlagung bedingte Temperaturerhöhung im mittleren Drittel der Papierbahn das 1/e-fache der Temperaturerhöhung der Oberfläche der Papierbahn 3 noch nicht erreicht haben.
With the steam delivery device 19, 19 ', hot, droplet-free steam is now applied to the paper web surface immediately before the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender 14,
wherein the steam temperature in the steam blowing chamber of the steam delivery device 19, 19 'is approximately in the range from 102 ° C. to 110 ° C. in order to prevent condensation of the steam. The steam delivery device 19, 19 'is brought as close as possible to the nip 15 1 , the distance being adjustable depending on the speed at which the paper web 3 passes through the nip 15. The steam emerging from the steam delivery device 19, 19 'spreads at a relatively uniform pressure and a uniformly high speed of, for example, 25 m / s or more. As soon as the steam comes into contact with the relatively cold paper web 3, it condenses, drastically increasing the temperature on the surface of the paper web 3. At a about 30 ° C cold paper web 3, the surface will be about 90 ° C hot after the condensation of the steam. At the same time, the condensed steam forms a moisture film, the strength of which is, for example, in the range of a thousandth of a millimeter. The condensation results in an almost sudden increase in temperature of the surface of the paper web 3, but this compensates for itself within a very short time via the thickness of the paper web 3, so that the paper web 3 has a uniform temperature distribution within fractions of a second. The homogenization of the moisture takes a little longer, since the moisture penetrates into the paper web 3 more slowly than the temperature. For this reason, the top layer (in the case of SC-A paper with a fabric weight of approx. 50 g / m 2, about a third of the paper web) has a significantly higher relative humidity than the central region of the paper web 3. The further the moisture inside the Paper web 3 penetrates, the more the relative humidity decreases. Before the moisture of the surface (upper or, in the case of vapor deposition, the lower third) of the paper web 3 has dropped below a predetermined value in the range from 12% to 25%, in particular from 16% to 25%, the paper web 3 passes through the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender 14. Also the temperature of the paper web 3 is not yet balanced at this time, rather the temperature increase in the middle third of the paper web caused by the steam application should not yet have reached 1 / e times the temperature increase of the surface of the paper web 3 ,

In dem ersten Nip 151 des Superkalanders wird die Papierbahn 3 behandelt, indem die Oberfläche der Bahn 3, die noch die erhöhte Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit aufweist, geglättet bzw. mit erhöhtem Glanz versehen wird. Die weiter innen liegenden Bereiche der Papierbahn 3 werden durch den Walzenspalt 151 nicht nennenswert verändert. Anschließend durchläuft die Papierbahn 3 die weiteren Walzenspalte 152 bis 1511 des Superkalanders 14, wobei die Papierbahn 3 vor einzelnen Nips noch durch die Dampfabgabeeinrichtungen 21 nachgefeuchtet wird, um die Glanz- und Glätteerhöhung zu verbessern.In the first nip 15 1 of the supercalender, the paper web 3 is treated by smoothing the surface of the web 3, which still has the increased temperature and humidity, or providing it with an increased gloss. The areas of the paper web 3 lying further inside are not significantly changed by the roller gap 15 1 . Subsequently, the paper web 3 passes through the further nips 15 2 to 15 11 of the Supercalender 14, the paper web 3 being moistened before the individual nips by the steam delivery devices 21 in order to improve the increase in gloss and smoothness.

Auf der Basis der ermittelten Meßwerte des Meßrahmens 22 und vorgegebener Sollwerte wird die Dampfabgabe durch die Dampfabgabeeinrichtungen 19, 19' und/oder 21 sowie ggf. die Heizung der Kalanderwalzen 17 gesteuert. In ähnlicher weise dienen die von dem Meßrahmen 6 und 13 ermittelten Feuchtewerte zusammen mit entsprechend vorgegebenen Sollwerten zur Steuerung der Dampfbeaufschlagung in der Bedampfungseinrichtung 7 und der Dampfabgabeeinrichtung 19, 19'.On the basis of the determined measured values of the measuring frame 22 and predetermined target values, the steam delivery is controlled by the steam delivery devices 19, 19 'and / or 21 and, if necessary, the heating of the calender rolls 17. In a similar manner, the moisture values determined by the measuring frame 6 and 13, together with corresponding predetermined target values, are used to control the steam application in the steaming device 7 and the steam delivery device 19, 19 '.

Mit der Erfindung wird es ermöglicht, SC-A-Papier online herzustellen, wobei Glanzwerte von 48 bis 50 Hunter-Glanzpunkten (SC-A) und bei Durchführung der Nachfeuchtung und Zwischenkühlung gar 50 bis 52 Hunter-Glanzpunkten (SC-A+) erreichbar sind. Dies wird im wesentlichen durch die schonende Behandlung der Papierbahn mit hoher Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur in den Oberflächenbereichen erreicht, die es erlauben, dem Superkalander eine Papierbahn mit hoher Anfangsfeuchte zuzuführen.With the invention it is possible to produce SC-A paper online, gloss values of 48 to 50 Hunter gloss points (SC-A) and even 50 to 52 Hunter gloss points (SC-A +) being achievable when rewetting and intermediate cooling are carried out , This is essentially achieved by the gentle treatment of the paper web with high moisture and temperature in the surface areas, which make it possible to feed a paper web with high initial moisture to the supercalender.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
ZwischenkühlabschnittBetween cooling section
33
Papierbahnpaper web
4, 4'4, 4 '
Saugwalzesuction roll
5, 5'5, 5 '
Kühlwalzechill roll
66
Meßrahmen (Feuchte)Measuring frame (humidity)
77
Bedampfungseinrichtungvaporization
88th
DampfabgabeeinrichtungSteam delivery device
99
Heizkanalheating duct
1010
Kühlabschnittcooling section
11, 11'11, 11 '
Kühlwalzechill roll
1212
Saugwalzesuction roll
1313
Meßrahmen (Feuchte)Measuring frame (humidity)
1414
SuperkalanderSupercalander
151-1511 15 1 -15 11
Walzenspalt (Nip)Nip
1616
Papierwalzepaper roll
1717
Stahlwalzesteel roll
1818
Umlenkrolleidler pulley
19, 19'19, 19 '
DampfabgabeeinrichtungSteam delivery device
2020
Absaugeinrichtungsuction
2121
DampfabgabeeinrichtungSteam delivery device
2222
Meßrahmen (Glanz)Measuring frame (gloss)
2323
Absaugungsuction

Claims (21)

  1. Process of manufacturing SC-A paper having high gloss and high smoothness, wherein the paper web (3) arriving from the paper machine is moistened with steam and supplied online to a supercalender (14) in which it passes through a plurality of nips (151-1511) for achieving desired gloss and smoothness properties, characterized in that the paper web (3) is remoistened after leaving the dry end of the paper machine, is intermediately cooled prior to entering the supercalender (14) and is again moistened with steam immediately prior to the first nip (151) of the supercalender (14) and is conducted through said nip (151) before the moisture of the surface of the upper third of the paper web produced by moistening with steam has dropped below a predetermined value in the range from 12% to 25%.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the paper web (3) is conducted through said nip (151) before a temperature increase in the middle third of the paper web (3) has reached 1/e times a temperature increase at the surface.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the paper web is cooled to about 32°C before the application of steam at the supercalender (14).
  4. Process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the temperature of the steel roll (17) in said first nip (151) of said supercalender (14) is greater than 125°C, preferably about 150°C.
  5. Process according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the paper web (3) is cooled to a temperature of below 50°C, preferably about 30°C, after leaving the dry end of the paper machine.
  6. Process according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the paper web (3) is intermediately cooled after leaving the dry end of the paper machine but prior to the remoistening.
  7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the remoistening is carried out in a steam application device (7) in which initially steam is applied onto the paper web (3), and that the latter then is conducted through a heating duct (9) filled with warm saturated air.
  8. Process according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the saturated air is withdrawn following the heating duct (9).
  9. Process according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the paper web (3) is remoistened with steam in the supercalender (14).
  10. Process according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the moisture of the paper web (3) is determined following the intermediate cooling section (2) and/or the cooling section (10) and that the application of steam in the remoistening and/or prior to the first nip (151) of the supercalender (14) is controlled in dependence on determined actual moisture values and predetermined nominal values.
  11. Process according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the gloss and/or the smoothness of the paper web (3) is determined following the supercalender (14) and that the application of steam is controlled in dependence on determined actual values and predetermined nominal values.
  12. Apparatus for the online manufacture of SC-A paper comprising a paper machine having a dry end, a supercalender (14) arranged on-line following the dry end, the supercalender having a plurality of nips (151-1511) through which the paper web (3) travels, and a steam delivery device (19, 19') arranged upstream the supercalender (14), characterized in that following the dry end of the paper machine an intermediate cooling section (2) is provided for reducing the temperature of the paper web (3), wherein a steam application device (7) is arranged following the intermediate cooling section (2) for increasing the moisture of the paper web (3), and that the steam delivery device (19, 19') is arranged immediately in front of the first nip (151) of the supercalender (14).
  13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that a cooling section (10) follows the steam application device (7) for once again lowering the temperature of the paper web (3).
  14. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that following the intermediate cooling section (2) and/or the cooling section (10) a measuring frame (6, 13) is arranged for determining the moisture of the paper web (3), wherein the determined measurement values are utilized for controlling the steam application device (7) and/or the steam delivery device (19, 19').
  15. Apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that following the supercalender (14) a measuring frame (22) is arranged for determining the gloss and/or the smoothness of the paper web (3), wherein the determined measurement values are utilized for controlling the steam delivery device (19, 19') and/or the temperature of the steel roll (14) in the first nip (151).
  16. Apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that a steam delivery device (19, 19') is arranged each on both sides of the paper web (3) in front of the first nip (15') of the supercalender (14).
  17. Apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the steam delivery device (19, 19') comprises suction means (20) for withdrawing oversaturated air.
  18. Apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that in the supercalender (14) additional steam delivery devices (21) for remoistening the paper web (3) are provided in front of additional nips (152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159).
  19. Apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the steam application device (7) comprises a steam delivery device (8) arranged upstream the steam application device (7), and a heating duct (9) following the steam delivery device (8), wherein the paper web (3) travels through the heating duct (9).
  20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the heating duct (9) contains warm, saturated air.
  21. Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that suction means (23) are provided at the end of the heating duct (9).
EP99100989A 1998-05-08 1999-01-21 Process and apparatus for making SC-A-paper online Expired - Lifetime EP0957202B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE19820606 1998-05-08
DE19820606 1998-05-08
DE19826899 1998-06-17
DE19826899A DE19826899B4 (en) 1998-05-08 1998-06-17 Method and apparatus for on-line calendering of SC-A paper

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CN110291248B (en) * 2017-02-03 2021-05-28 福伊特专利有限公司 Web treatment
DE102017106047A1 (en) 2017-03-21 2018-03-01 Voith Patent Gmbh web treatment
DE102017130071A1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-19 Voith Patent Gmbh web treatment
CN108914678A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-11-30 温州新意特种纸业有限公司 A kind of supercalender
DE102021113813A1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-01 Voith Patent Gmbh Method and device

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