EP0949134B1 - Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles - Google Patents

Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0949134B1
EP0949134B1 EP99890110A EP99890110A EP0949134B1 EP 0949134 B1 EP0949134 B1 EP 0949134B1 EP 99890110 A EP99890110 A EP 99890110A EP 99890110 A EP99890110 A EP 99890110A EP 0949134 B1 EP0949134 B1 EP 0949134B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
infrared
bearing
infrared optical
axes
track
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EP99890110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0949134A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Karner
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OEBB-INFRASTRUKTUR BETRIEB AG
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OESTERREICHISCHE BUNDESBAHNEN
OESTERR BUNDESBAHNEN
Osterreichische Bundesbahnen
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Priority to SI9930828T priority Critical patent/SI0949134T1/en
Publication of EP0949134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0949134A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault
    • B61K9/06—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault by detecting or indicating heat radiation from overheated axles

Definitions

  • the invention has a device for non-contact Measuring the temperature of bearings of moving rail-bound Vehicles, in particular passenger and / or Goods traffic with an infrared measuring to the object.
  • the service life of rail-bound vehicles such as locomotives, motor coaches, passenger and freight cars extraordinary due to the large distances to cover high, so that the maintenance condition of such vehicles especially high standard. Further, the speed freight trains to over 120 km / h and passenger trains over 200 km / h has been increased. These increased speeds cause a big increase in the load, as the forces increase with the square of the speed and thus the Bearings but also the brakes of a wagon or traction vehicle subject to increased heating.
  • the railbound Traffic of persons and goods in general has the Advantage on that the railways to the center of a Residential area or industrial area, in these cases, for example in the transport of dangerous goods, particularly high safety requirements the vehicles are placed.
  • Such devices are state technology and reject a detector, for example: HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe or a combination of such semiconductors on.
  • the detector In order to enable a measurement, the detector must be placed on a predetermined temperature are kept below the Ambient temperature has to lie.
  • a cooling according to the Peltier effect Commitment As an electrical supply such systems is required and the energy consumption is not important for the cooling of the detector, prefers a cooling according to the Peltier effect Commitment.
  • the detector in the track superstructure becomes such be appropriate that a mechanical damage, for example caused by the train, is certainly avoided.
  • the heated parts radiate heat in every direction and it is required that of the moving at high speed Parts of the measuring point infrared rays with a possible high intensity can be detected.
  • EP 0 265 417 A1 discloses a further device known, which should take into account the fact that the movement of a wagon inside the rails not is rectilinear, but there is a so-called sinusoidal, the means that the structural parts to be measured differ horizontal distance to the original position of the rail and thus may have to the measuring device, whereby a larger Area must be detected.
  • To achieve this goal are appropriate Lenses provided.
  • the To divide detector into individual detector elements the can be acted upon by the radiation in succession, causing temperatures in the individual areas of the warehouse can be determined.
  • Such a measuring device has the disadvantage on that with a setting of the device not the bearings the different constructions of rail vehicles can be detected.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for non-contact measurement of the temperature of bearings to create rail-bound vehicles that are capable of Temperature measurements on vehicles of all types perform, which has a high reliability, if possible has little moving parts and allows long measuring times.
  • the inventive device for non-contact measurement the temperature of bearings of moving rail vehicles, in particular passenger and / or freight traffic with a computer wherein on the track at least one axle and / or Wheel sensor seen in the direction of travel in front of an infrared measuring device with several infrared optics pointing to the one to be measured Object are directed and their axes directed to the camp include a different angle with the horizontal, is arranged, consists essentially in that at least two Infrared optics on one, in particular arranged in each case on both, track outer side (s) are, which differ from each other normal distances Rail have and each infrared optics own detector is assigned and in the beam paths of the to be measured Bearing up to the respective detectors, related to the inclination the axes of the infrared optics, in only one position fixed infrared optical elements, in particular mirrors, prisms od.
  • the infrared measuring device via a signal from the standby state in the measuring state can be set.
  • a Cover of the infrared optics eliminated and the like. More. Thereby, that at least two infrared optics on a track outside, in particular on both outer sides of the track, are arranged and Each infrared optics is assigned a separate detector, a can so wide range of possible arrangements of bearings be detected that the bearings of all so far in use located vehicles subjected to a temperature measurement can be.
  • At least one of the infrared measuring device is adjacent Axle and / or wheel sensor permanently connected to the computer, such is an exact capture of all axles or wheels ensured.
  • infrared optics and the detectors in one, arranged in particular multipart, housing, so may a particularly simple installation of the infrared measuring carried out where are the electrical supply and also electrical transmission of signals with particularly low Effort is given.
  • All infrared optics and detectors for they are arranged in a multi-part housing, the between two rail fastenings, in particular sleepers, is arranged.
  • the housing In a ballast bed, the housing is in one Threshold arranged together with the sensors 15.
  • the infrared measuring device shown schematically in Fig. 2 to 4 has detectors 12, rotating infrared mirrors 13 and infrared collecting lens 14.
  • the infrared optics is otherwise rigidly arranged.
  • Fig. 2 covers the front Detector with associated facilities the view of the arranged behind it, so that only one detector is visible.
  • the perpendicular to the track plane e or inclined to the vertical incident Infrared rays directed towards the bearing Axes 10 and 11, which are perpendicular to the track plane e or at an angle ⁇ to the vertical v, for own detector 12 are routed, so that the entire height such a device can be kept low and no additional recesses in the track superstructure for the admission the measuring device are required.
  • Each infrared optics 8, 9 is assigned a separate detector 12.
  • the optics 8, 9 of the infrared measuring devices 4 can either as shown in Fig. 3, in parallel or as shown in Fig. 4, inclined to each other and also with a different angle be arranged enclosing the driving direction x.
  • the mirrors 13 direct the infrared rays emanating from the camps on the detectors 12. Due to the different distance of the Mirror 13 to the rail 5 and their different inclination to Verticals can measure at different heights in the Vehicles are detected, which also covered down Bearings can be subjected to a measurement. In wind schist Arrangement of the axes is detected a still further area.
  • the method of operation is based on the block diagram explained in more detail according to FIG.
  • the two detectors 12 of Infrared measuring devices 4 are provided by the wheel sensors 2, the 20 m before and 20 m after the infrared measuring arranged are, brought about the switching device 16 in readiness for measurement. There are thus covers of the lenses and the mirrors removed, the mirrors set in rotation and the like. More.
  • the other sensors 15, z. B. induction coils which constantly are connected to the computer 3, the outputs of the Infrared measuring device with the detectors 12 via the switching device 17 connected to the multiplexer 18, via the Analog / digital converter 19 alternately one of the two detectors 12 with the central evaluation system, u. between a computer 3, combines.
  • the frequency of switching from a detector to the other is 50 kHz, so that while driving by of a warehouse in half a second of both Detectors of the measuring process is performed several times.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 have lines a, b, c and d on.
  • line a is the Passing a wheel axle at the sensors 15 with a peak indicated immediately adjacent to the infrared measuring devices are so that both are connected to the computer 3 alternately are.
  • the curves b and c indicate the temperatures in the measuring ranges contrary.
  • the curve b to the difference from the curve c a lower temperature swing, and it the curve c is used for further evaluation in the computer.
  • the height of the peaks shows the deviation from the Ambient temperature.
  • the temperature profile of different areas of a bearing, of the rim, etc. is determined by the various Detectors 12 are measured, which via the multiplexer 18 and the Analog / digital converter 19 are connected to the computer 3.
  • Per Detector made 600 measurements in the mean time, in which a warehouse passes a detector at 180 km / h. These measurements are detected, determined, stored and used in a computer Taxes used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung hat eine Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur von Lagern fahrender schienengebundener Fahrzeuge, insbesondere des Personen- und/oder Güterverkehrs mit einer Infrarotmeßeinrichtung zum Gegenstand.The invention has a device for non-contact Measuring the temperature of bearings of moving rail-bound Vehicles, in particular passenger and / or Goods traffic with an infrared measuring to the object.

Die Einsatzdauer von schienengebundenen Fahrzeugen, wie Lokomotiven, Triebwagen, Personen- und Güterwagen ist aufgrund der großen zurückzulegenden Strecken außerordentlich hoch, so daß an den Wartungszustand derartiger Fahrzeuge ein besonders hoher Maßstab gelegt wird. Weiters ist die Geschwindigkeit von Güterzügen auf über 120 km/h und Personenzügen auf über 200 km/h erhöht worden. Diese erhöhten Geschwindigkeiten bedingen eine große Steigerung in der Belastung, da die Kräfte mit dem Quadrat der Geschwindigkeit ansteigen und somit die Lager aber auch die Bremsen eines Waggons oder Triebfahrzeuges einer erhöhten Erwärmung unterliegen. Der schienengebundene Verkehr von Personen und Gütern weist im allgemeinen den Vorteil auf, daß die Schienenwege bis in das Zentrum eines Wohngebietes oder Industriegebietes geführt werden können, wobei in diesen Fällen, beispielsweise bei dem Transport von gefährlichen Gütern, besonders hohe Ansprüche an die Sicherheit der Fahrzeuge gestellt werden.The service life of rail-bound vehicles, such as locomotives, motor coaches, passenger and freight cars extraordinary due to the large distances to cover high, so that the maintenance condition of such vehicles especially high standard. Further, the speed freight trains to over 120 km / h and passenger trains over 200 km / h has been increased. These increased speeds cause a big increase in the load, as the forces increase with the square of the speed and thus the Bearings but also the brakes of a wagon or traction vehicle subject to increased heating. The railbound Traffic of persons and goods in general has the Advantage on that the railways to the center of a Residential area or industrial area, in these cases, for example in the transport of dangerous goods, particularly high safety requirements the vehicles are placed.

Die regelmäßige Überprüfung von Fahrzeugen kann jedoch nicht sicherstellen, daß beispielsweise nach einer langen Einsatzzeit eines Waggons kein Klemmen einer Bremse oder keine Überbeanspruchung eines Lagers vorliegt. Bei dieser Überbeanspruchung von Lagern und Bremsen wird kinetische Energie in Wärme umgesetzt und es kann aufgrund der geringeren Festigkeit bei erhöhter Temperatur beispielsweise zum Bruch einer Achse oder auch eines Radreifens kommen, so daß eine Entgleisung eintritt, die insbesondere bei dem Transport von gefährlichen Gütern aber auch in Tunnels und unterirdischen Strecken besonders folgenschwer sein kann. Um die Sicherheit des Transportes auf Schienenwegen zu erhöhen, ist es bekannt, vor der Einfahrtsstrecke in ein Wohn- oder Industriegebiet aber auch vor der Einfahrt eines Tunnels oder einer unterirdischen Strecke, Infrarotmeßgeräte einzusetzen, welche die Temperatur von Rädern, Bremsscheiben und Lagern messen und bei Überschreiten einer vorbestimmten Temperatur über eine elektronische Auswerteinrichtung ein Signal, beispielsweise zum nächstgelegenen Bahnhof, abgeben, so daß der Zug entweder angehalten und der Waggon ausgeschieden oder wenn die Temperaturerhöhung nur geringfügig ist, mit verringerter Geschwindigkeit zum Bestimmungsort weitergefahren werden kann. Die Messung der Temperatur erhöhter Beanspruchung unterliegender Konstruktonsteile muß bei normaler Geschwindigkeit durchgeführt werden, um die erforderlichen geringen Reisezeiten für Personen und Güter gewährleisten zu können, da Brems- und Beschleunigungsvorgänge eines Zuges aufgrund der hohen Massen große Zeitspannen erforderlich machen. An die Infrarotstrahlenmeßeinrichtungen werden somit hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Derartige Einrichtungen sind Stand der Technik und weisen beispielsweise einen Detektor aus: HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe oder eine Kombination derartiger Halbleiter auf. Um eine Messung zu ermöglichen, muß der Detektor auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur gehalten werden, die unterhalb der Umgebungstemperatur zu liegen hat. Da eine elektrische Versorgung derartiger Systeme erforderlich ist und der Energieverbrauch für die Kühlung des Detektors nicht von Bedeutung ist, gelangt bevorzugt eine Kühlung nach dem Peltiereffekt zum Einsatz. In der Regel wird der Detektor im Gleisoberbau derartig angebracht sein, daß eine mechanische Beschädigung, beispielsweise hervorgerufen durch den Zug, sicher vermieden ist. Die erhitzten Teile strahlen Wärme in jede Richtungen ab und es ist erforderlich, daß von den mit hoher Geschwindigkeit bewegten Teile von der Meßstelle Infrarotstrahlen mit einer möglichst hohen Intensität erfaßt werden können. In der Regel besteht nicht die Möglichkeit, die Detektoren mit ihrer Achse direkt auf den erhitzten Bestandteil auszurichten, sondern es werden die von dem erhitzten Bestandteil ausgehenden Wärmestrahlen über eine Infrarotlinse oder Sammler gebündelt und über einen Spiegel, welcher in der Regel in seiner Ebene rotiert, um allfällige Schmutzteilchen abzuschleudern, zu dem Detektor geleitet. Der Meßvorgang als solcher wird durch einen Radzähler, welcher vor der Infrarotmeßstrecke angeordnet ist, eingeleitet, also es wird das Infrarotmeßgerät aktiviert und wenn der Zug die Meßstrecke verlassen hat, wieder desaktiviert. Dadurch, daß die Zahl der Achsen bestimmt wird, kann jeder Meßvorgang einer bestimmten Achse zugeordnet werden, womit eine genaue Identifizierung der schadhaften oder überbeanspruchten Konstruktionsteile einfach möglich ist. Zur Bestimmung der Temperatur ist es erforderlich, daß möglichst jene Infrarotstrahlen zum Detektor gelangen, welche den höchsten Temperaturen entsprechen. Es sind hierbei unterschiedlichste Anordnungen bekannt.However, the regular inspection of vehicles can do not make sure that after a long, for example Operating time of a wagon no jamming of a brake or none Overuse of a warehouse is present. In this overuse of bearings and brakes becomes kinetic energy converted into heat and it may be due to the lower Strength at elevated temperature, for example, to break an axle or a wheel tire come so that a Derailment occurs, especially in the transport of dangerous goods but also in tunnels and underground Routes can be particularly momentous. For the safety of To increase transport on railways, it is known before Entrance route to a residential or industrial area but also in front the entrance of a tunnel or an underground track, Use infrared measuring devices that measure the temperature of wheels, Measuring brake discs and bearings and when exceeding one predetermined temperature via an electronic evaluation device a signal, for example to the nearest station, leave so that the train either stopped and the wagon excreted or if the temperature increase only slightly is continued at reduced speed to the destination can be. Measurement of temperature increased Stress underlying constructive parts must be normal Speed be performed to the required ensure short travel times for people and goods can, as braking and acceleration operations of a train due to the high masses large periods of time required do. The infrared ray measuring devices thus become high demands. Such devices are state technology and reject a detector, for example: HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe or a combination of such semiconductors on. In order to enable a measurement, the detector must be placed on a predetermined temperature are kept below the Ambient temperature has to lie. As an electrical supply such systems is required and the energy consumption is not important for the cooling of the detector, prefers a cooling according to the Peltier effect Commitment. As a rule, the detector in the track superstructure becomes such be appropriate that a mechanical damage, for example caused by the train, is certainly avoided. The heated parts radiate heat in every direction and it is required that of the moving at high speed Parts of the measuring point infrared rays with a possible high intensity can be detected. As a rule, does not exist the ability to place the detectors with their axis directly on the heated component, but it will be the one of the heated component outgoing heat rays over a Infrared lens or collector bundled and a mirror, which usually rotates in its plane to any Throw off dirt particles, directed to the detector. Of the Measuring process as such is by a wheel counter, which before the infrared measuring section is arranged, initiated, so it is the infrared meter is activated and if the train is the test section has left, again deactivated. In that the number of Axes is determined, each measurement can be a specific Axis be assigned, whereby an accurate identification of the damaged or overstressed construction parts easy is possible. To determine the temperature, it is necessary that as far as possible those infrared rays reach the detector, which correspond to the highest temperatures. It is here various arrangements known.

Aus der EP 0 265 538 A1 wird ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Bremsentemperatur an vorüberfahrenden Eisenbahnwaggons bekannt, wobei die Achse einer Meßeinrichtung schräg nach oben gerichtet ist, so daß diese Meßeinrichtung nacheinander die Temperatur eines Radkranzes und die Temperatur einer Bremsscheibe bestimmt, da die Infrarotstrahlen, welche von den beiden Konstruktionsteilen ausgesendet werden, nacheinander den Detektor beaufschlagen. Bei dieser Vorrichtung ist der Detektor weit außerhalb des Gleises angeordnet, wobei weiters keine Umlenkung der Strahlen vorgesehen ist, womit die Entfernung des Detektors von den zu messenden Konstruktionselementen groß gehalten sein muß, so daß die Gesamtempfindlichkeit des Systemes stark herabgesetzt wird, da die Intensität des Infrarotstrahles mit dem Quadrat der Entfernung abnimmt.From EP 0 265 538 A1 a method and a Device for non-contact measurement of brake temperature known by passing railroad cars, the axis a measuring device is directed obliquely upward, so that this Measuring device successively the temperature of a wheel rim and determines the temperature of a brake disc, since the infrared rays, which sent out by the two construction parts be successively act on the detector. at In this device, the detector is far out of the track arranged, further provided no deflection of the beams is what the distance of the detector from the measuring design elements must be kept large, so that the overall sensitivity of the system is greatly reduced because the intensity of the infrared ray with the square of the Distance decreases.

Aus der EP 0 265 417 A1 wird eine weitere Vorrichtung bekannt, welche dem Umstand Rechnung tragen soll, daß die Bewegung eines Waggons innerhalb der Schienen nicht geradlinig ist, sondern ein sogenannter Sinuslauf vorliegt, das heißt, daß die zu messenden Konstruktionsteile unterschiedlichen horizontalen Abstand zur ursprünglichen Lage der Schiene und damit zur Meßeinrichtung aufweisen können, wodurch ein größerer Bereich erfaßt werden muß. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, sind entsprechende Linsen vorgesehen. Weiters wird vorgeschlagen, den Detektor in einzelne Detektorelemente zu unterteilen, die nacheinander von der Strahlung beaufschlagt werden können, wodurch Temperaturen in den einzelnen Bereichen des Lagers ermittelbar sind. Eine derartige Meßeinrichtung weist den Nachteil auf, daß mit einer Einstellung der Vorrichtung nicht die Lager der unterschiedlichen Konstruktionen von Schienenfahrzeugen erfaßt werden können. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieser Vorrichtung ist in der EP 0 457 752 beschrieben, bei welcher die Achse des Objektives durch Änderung der Winkellage eines Spiegels geschwenkt werden kann, so daß auch die von weiter voneinander entfernten Punkten ausgehenden Infrarotstrahlen einer Messung unterzogen werden können. Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß ein derartiger Spiegel sehr rasch bewegt werden muß, um in der kurzen zur Verfügung stehenden Zeitdauer unterschiedliche Meßpunkte zu erfassen. Eine derartige Vorrichtung weist einen besonders hohen technischen Aufwand auf, wobei gleichzeitig, um die Betriebssicherheit zu wahren, ein erhöhter Wartungsaufwand gegeben ist.EP 0 265 417 A1 discloses a further device known, which should take into account the fact that the movement of a wagon inside the rails not is rectilinear, but there is a so-called sinusoidal, the means that the structural parts to be measured differ horizontal distance to the original position of the rail and thus may have to the measuring device, whereby a larger Area must be detected. To achieve this goal are appropriate Lenses provided. It is also proposed that the To divide detector into individual detector elements, the can be acted upon by the radiation in succession, causing temperatures in the individual areas of the warehouse can be determined. Such a measuring device has the disadvantage on that with a setting of the device not the bearings the different constructions of rail vehicles can be detected. A further development of this device is described in EP 0 457 752, in which the axis of the Objective by changing the angular position of a mirror can be pivoted, so that even from each other distant points emanating infrared rays of a measurement can be subjected. The disadvantage here is that such a Mirror must be moved very quickly to get in the short available time to different measuring points to capture. Such a device has a particularly high technical effort, while at the same time to ensure operational safety to maintain an increased maintenance is given.

Aus der EP 0 604 389 A1 wird eine weitere Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur an Lagern bekannt, wobei mehrere Infrarotoptiken vorgesehen sind, die auf unterschiedliche Stellen eines Lagers gerichtet werden, und die von diesen Stellen ausgehenden Infrarotstrahlen über die Infrarotoptik an einen in seiner Winkellage veränderbaren Spiegel zu einem gemeinsamen Detektor weitergeleitet werden. Auch hier ist ein erhöhter konstruktiver und wartungsmäßiger Aufwand gegeben, um die für Eisenbahnsysteme erforderliche hohe Betriebssicherheit zu gewährleisten.From EP 0 604 389 A1, a further device for non-contact Measuring the temperature at bearings known, wherein Several infrared optics are provided which are different To be directed to a warehouse, and those of these bodies outgoing infrared rays via the infrared optics to an in his angular position changeable mirror to a common Detector be forwarded. Again, this is an elevated one constructive and maintenance effort given to the for Railway systems required high operational safety guarantee.

In der EP 0 041 178 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen unzulässig erwärmter Bauteile an fahrenden Eisenbahnwagen beschrieben. Aufgabe bei dieser Patentanmeldung ist, die Temperaturerhöhung der Achslager, der Bremsklötze und der Radgrenze am selben Rad zu ermitteln. Hierbei wird die Temperatur des Achslagers entweder senkrecht unterhalb des Achslagers oder schräg außerhalb desselben gemessen. Wesentlich bei dieser Meßvorrichtung ist, dass eine Vorrichtung vorliegt, welche zwar unterschiedliche Infrarotoptiken aufweist, aber über eine gemeinsame Auswertevorrichtung verfügt. Damit besteht der Nachteil, dass keine Messungen zum selben Zeitpunkt stattfinden können.In EP 0 041 178 A1 a device for detecting is inadmissible heated components described on moving railway cars. Task in this patent application is the increase in temperature the axle box, the brake pads and the wheel limit at to determine the same wheel. This is the temperature of the axle bearing either vertically below the axle box or at an angle measured outside of it. Essential in this measuring device is that there is a device which, although different Has infrared optics, but over a common Evaluation device features. This has the disadvantage that no measurements can take place at the same time.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung ist zur Aufgabe gestellt, eine Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur von Lagern an schienengebundenen Fahrzeugen zu schaffen, die geeignet ist, Temperaturmessungen bei Fahrzeugen unterschiedlichster Bauart durchzuführen, die eine hohe Betriebssicherheit aufweist, möglichst wenig bewegliche Teile besitzt und lange Meßzeiten erlaubt.The present invention has for its object to provide a device for non-contact measurement of the temperature of bearings to create rail-bound vehicles that are capable of Temperature measurements on vehicles of all types perform, which has a high reliability, if possible has little moving parts and allows long measuring times.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur von Lagern fahrender schienengebundener Fahrzeuge, insbesondere des Personen- und/oder Güterverkehrs mit einem Rechner, wobei am Gleis zumindest ein Achs- und/oder Radsensor in Fahrtrichtung gesehen vor einer Infrarotmeßeinrichtung mit mehreren Infrarotoptiken, die auf das zu messende Objekt gerichtet sind und deren zum Lager gerichteten Achsen einen unterschiedlichen Winkel mit der Horizontalen einschließen, angeordnet ist, besteht im wesentlichen darin, daß zumindest zwei Infrarotoptiken an einer, insbesondere jeweils an beiden, Gleisaußenseite(n) angeordnet sind, welche voneinander unterschiedliche Normalabstände zur Schiene aufweisen und jeder Infrarotoptik ein eigener Detektor zugeordnet ist und in den Strahlenwegen von dem zu messenden Lager bis zu den jeweiligen Detektoren, bezogen auf die Neigung der Achsen der Infrarotoptik, ausschließlich in nur einer Lage festgelegte Infrarotoptikelemente, insbesondere Spiegeln, Prismen od. dgl., angeordnet sind. Durch den oder die am Gleis angeordneten Sensor(en) für Räder und/oder Achsen erfolgt einerseits eine Zählung der Achsen und andererseits kann die Infrarotmeßeinrichtung über ein Signal von dem Bereitschaftszustand in den Meßzustand gesetzt werden. So wird beispielsweise eine Abdeckung der Infrarotoptik beseitigt und dgl. mehr. Dadurch, daß zumindest zwei Infrarotoptiken an einer Gleisaußenseite, insbesondere an beiden Gleisaußenseiten, angeordnet sind und jeder Infrarotoptik ein eigener Detektor zugeordnet ist, kann ein derart weiter Bereich von möglichen Anordnungen von Lagern erfaßt werden, daß die Lager sämtlicher bislang im Einsatz befindlichen Fahrzeugen einer Temperaturmessung unterzogen werden können. Es können sowohl Lager erfaßt werden, die seitlich bzw. von unten durch Konstruktionselemente abgedeckt sind. Dadurch, daß im Strahlengang keine, bezogen auf die Infrarotoptikachse, beweglichen Spiegeln, Prismen od. dgl. vorgesehen sind, ist einerseits eine exakte Bestimmung möglich, wobei weiters keinerlei Wartungsarbeiten durch diese Elemente bedingt sind, so daß die erforderliche hohe Betriebssicherheit gegeben ist. Weiters kann durch die voneinander unabhängige Anordnung der zu einer Infrarotmeßeinrichtung gehörenden Infrarotoptiken diesen alleine zugeordneten Detektoren gewährleistet werden, daß die Detektoren möglichst nahe an die zu messende Stelle gebracht werden, so daß eine hohe Genauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit von Messungen gewährleistet ist. The inventive device for non-contact measurement the temperature of bearings of moving rail vehicles, in particular passenger and / or freight traffic with a computer, wherein on the track at least one axle and / or Wheel sensor seen in the direction of travel in front of an infrared measuring device with several infrared optics pointing to the one to be measured Object are directed and their axes directed to the camp include a different angle with the horizontal, is arranged, consists essentially in that at least two Infrared optics on one, in particular arranged in each case on both, track outer side (s) are, which differ from each other normal distances Rail have and each infrared optics own detector is assigned and in the beam paths of the to be measured Bearing up to the respective detectors, related to the inclination the axes of the infrared optics, in only one position fixed infrared optical elements, in particular mirrors, prisms od. Like., Are arranged. By the or arranged on the track Sensor (s) for wheels and / or axles on the one hand a count of the axes and on the other hand, the infrared measuring device via a signal from the standby state in the measuring state can be set. For example, a Cover of the infrared optics eliminated and the like. More. Thereby, that at least two infrared optics on a track outside, in particular on both outer sides of the track, are arranged and Each infrared optics is assigned a separate detector, a can so wide range of possible arrangements of bearings be detected that the bearings of all so far in use located vehicles subjected to a temperature measurement can be. It can be detected both bearings that covered laterally or from below by construction elements are. Characterized in that in the beam path none, based on the infrared optical axis, movable mirrors, prisms od. Like. Provided are on the one hand, an exact determination possible, where Furthermore, no maintenance required by these elements are, so that the required high reliability is given. Furthermore, by the independent arrangement of infrared optics belonging to an infrared measuring device Alone assigned detectors are ensured that the Detectors brought as close to the point to be measured be such that a high accuracy and reproducibility of Measurements is guaranteed.

Ist der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung zumindest ein Achs-und/oder Radsensor vor und vorzugsweise nach derselben in Fahrtrichtung gesehen, benachbart, so können die zur Auswertung gebrachten Meßdaten wesentlich verringert werden, so daß die Sicherheit zur Anzeige von Fehlstellen wesentlich erhöht werden kann.Is the infrared measuring at least one axis and / or Wheel sensor before and preferably after the same in Direction seen, adjacent, so can the for evaluation Measured data are significantly reduced, so that the Security for displaying defects can be substantially increased can.

Sind die Detektoren der Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen über einen Multiplexer alternierend mit dem Rechner verbunden, so können Messungen mit mehreren Detektoren während der Transportzeiten der Lager bzw. Achsen über die Sensoren erfolgen, wodurch einerseits die Datenanzahl und andererseits die Sicherheit der Messungen erhöht wird.Are the detectors of Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen over a multiplexer alternately connected to the computer, so can take measurements with multiple detectors during transport times the bearings or axes are made via the sensors, whereby on the one hand the number of data and on the other hand the security the measurements is increased.

Ist zumindest ein der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung benachbarter Achs- und/oder Radsensor mit dem Rechner ständig verbunden, so ist eine exakte Erfassung aller Achsen oder Räder sichergestellt.At least one of the infrared measuring device is adjacent Axle and / or wheel sensor permanently connected to the computer, such is an exact capture of all axles or wheels ensured.

Sind die Infrarotoptiken und die Detektoren in einem, insbesondere mehrteiligen, Gehäuse angeordnet, so kann eine besonders einfache Montage der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung durchgeführt werden, wobei weiters die elektrische Versorgung und auch elektrische Weiterleitung von Signalen mit besonders geringem Aufwand gegeben ist.Are the infrared optics and the detectors in one, arranged in particular multipart, housing, so may a particularly simple installation of the infrared measuring carried out where are the electrical supply and also electrical transmission of signals with particularly low Effort is given.

Weisen die Normalprojektionen der zum Lager gerichteten Achsen der Infrarotoptiken auf die Gleisebene zur Fahrtrichtung voneinander unterschiedliche Winkel auf, so kann besonders einfach eine Optimierung zwischen möglichst kurzem Strahlengang und einem möglichst großen meßtechnisch zu erfassenden Bereich erreicht werden. Assign the normal projections of the bearings to the camp Axes of the infrared optics on the track level to the direction of travel different angles on, so can especially easy optimization between as short as possible Beam path and the largest possible metrology to be reached.

Sind die zum Lager gerichteten Achsen der Infrarotoptiken zueinander windschief, so ist sichergestellt, daß von den beiden Infrarotoptiken gemeinsame Meßpunkte weitgehendst ausgeschlossen werden können.Are the axes directed to the bearing of the infrared optics skewed to each other, it is ensured that of the two infrared optics common measuring points largely can be excluded.

Schließt eine zum Lager gerichtete Achse einer Infrarotoptik mit der Gleisebene einen rechten Winkel ein, so können mit dieser Infrarotoptik alle jene Lager meßtechnisch erfaßt werden, die nach unten keine konstruktiven Abdeckungen aufweisen, wobei weiters der kürzest mögliche Strahlengang für die zu messenden Infrarotstrahlen gegeben ist.Closes an axis of infrared optics directed to the bearing with the track plane a right angle, so can all of these bearings are detected by measurement with this infrared optics which have no constructive covers at the bottom, Furthermore, the shortest possible beam path for the given to be measured infrared rays.

Schließt eine zum Lager gerichtete Achse einer Infrarotoptik mit einer Vertikalen auf die Gleisebene einen Winkel von 10° bis 20°, insbesondere von 15°, ein, so kann mit dieser Infrarotoptik auch die Temperatur von Lagern bestimmt werden, welche nach unten über Konstruktionsteile abgedeckt sind, wobei durch die Neigung der Achsen ein möglichst geringer Lauf der Infrarotstrahlen vom Lager zum Detektor erreicht werden kann.Closes an axle directed to the bearing Infrared optics with a vertical to the track level one Angle of 10 ° to 20 °, in particular of 15 °, a, so can with This infrared optics also determines the temperature of bearings which are covered down over construction parts are, where by the inclination of the axes as low as possible Run the infrared rays are reached from the camp to the detector can.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.In the following the invention with reference to the drawings explained in more detail.

Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:

  • Fig. 1 ein Gleis mit Meßstrecke,
  • Fig. 2 die Anordnung von zwei Infrarotoptiken mit Detektoren in der Ansicht von vorne,
  • Fig. 3 und 4 die Anordnung von zwei Infrarotoptiken in der Sicht von oben,
  • Fig. 5 ein Blockschaltbild,
  • Fig. 6 und 7 den zeitlichen Verlauf der aufgezeichneten Temperaturen.
    • Shown schematically in each case:
  • 1 is a track with test section,
  • 2 shows the arrangement of two infrared optics with detectors in the front view,
  • 3 and 4, the arrangement of two infrared optics in the view from above,
  • 5 is a block diagram,
  • 6 and 7 show the time course of the recorded temperatures.

    • In dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Gleis 1 mit Schotteroberbau sind Radsensoren 2 angeordnet, welche über einen Rechner die Schalt- und Erfassungseinrichtung 3 mit der eigentlichen Infrarotmeßeinrichtung 4 verbunden sind, und diese bei Passieren eines Zuges in bzw. aus Bereitschaft schalten. So werden z. B. die Infrarotoptiken freigegeben. Diese Infrarotmeßeinrichtung 4 weist außerhalb der Schienen 5 des Gleises 1 zwei Infrarotoptiken 6 und 7 auf, die zur Bestimmung von heißen Bremsscheiben oder Bremsbacken als auch Schienenräder dienen. Außerhalb der Schienen sind auch die Infrarotoptiken 8, 9 angeordnet, die zur Bestimmung der Temperatur von Lagern dienen. Unmittelbar benachbart vor und nach der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung 4 sind Sensoren 15 für Achsen und Räder angeordnet, die die Infrarotmessung für jede Achse einleiten und abschließen.In the track 1 shown in Fig. 1 with ballast track Wheel sensors 2 are arranged, which via a Calculator the switching and detection device 3 with the actual Infrared measuring device 4 are connected, and this at Passing a train in or out of standby mode. So be z. B. the infrared optics released. This infrared measuring device 4 has two outside of the rails 5 of the track 1 Infrared optics 6 and 7, which are used to determine hot Brake discs or brake shoes and rail wheels serve. Outside the rails are also the infrared optics 8, 9 arranged to determine the temperature of bearings serve. Immediately adjacent before and after the infrared measuring device 4 sensors 15 are arranged for axles and wheels, which initiate and complete the infrared measurement for each axis.

    Sämtliche Infrarotoptiken und auch Detektoren für dieselben sind in einem mehrteiligen Gehäuse angeordnet, das zwischen zwei Schienenbefestigungen, insbesondere Schwellen, angeordnet ist. Bei einem Schotterbett ist das Gehäuse in einem Schwellenfach gemeinsam mit den Sensoren 15 angeordnet.All infrared optics and detectors for they are arranged in a multi-part housing, the between two rail fastenings, in particular sleepers, is arranged. In a ballast bed, the housing is in one Threshold arranged together with the sensors 15.

    Die in Fig. 2 bis 4 schematisch dargestellte Infrarotmeßeinrichtung weist Detektoren 12, rotierende Infrarotspiegel 13 sowie Infrarotsammellinse 14 auf. Die Infrarotoptik ist sonst starr angeordnet. Bei der Darstellung in Fig. 2 deckt der vordere Detektor mit zugehörenden Einrichtungen die Sicht auf den dahinter angeordneten ab, so daß nur ein Detektor sichtbar ist. Durch die geneigten Stellungen der Spiegel 13 können die senkrecht zur Gleisebene e bzw. geneigt zur Vertikalen einfallenden Infrarotstrahlen, die in Richtung der zum Lager gerichteten Achsen 10 bzw. 11, welche senkrecht zur Gleisebene e bzw. unter einen Winkel α zur Vertikalen v verlaufen, zum eigenen Detektor 12 geleitet werden, so daß die gesamte Bauhöhe einer derartigen Einrichtung gering gehalten werden kann und nicht zusätzliche Ausnehmungen im Gleisoberbau für die Aufnahme der Meßeinrichtung erforderlich sind. Jeder Infrarotoptik 8, 9 ist ein eigener Detektor 12 zugeordnet.The infrared measuring device shown schematically in Fig. 2 to 4 has detectors 12, rotating infrared mirrors 13 and infrared collecting lens 14. The infrared optics is otherwise rigidly arranged. In the illustration in Fig. 2 covers the front Detector with associated facilities the view of the arranged behind it, so that only one detector is visible. Due to the inclined positions of the mirror 13, the perpendicular to the track plane e or inclined to the vertical incident Infrared rays directed towards the bearing Axes 10 and 11, which are perpendicular to the track plane e or at an angle α to the vertical v, for own detector 12 are routed, so that the entire height such a device can be kept low and no additional recesses in the track superstructure for the admission the measuring device are required. Each infrared optics 8, 9 is assigned a separate detector 12.

    Vor und nach der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung 4 mit den Infrarotoptiken 8, 9 sind in Fahrtrichtung x Sensoren 15 vorgesehen, die das Aufzeichnen des eigentlichen Meßvorganges einleiten bzw. beendigen. Wie aus den Fig. 3 und 4 ersichtlich, können die Optiken 8, 9 der Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen 4 entweder, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, parallel oder wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, geneigt zueinander und auch einen unterschiedlichen Winkel mit der Fahrtrichtung x einschließend angeordnet sein. Die Spiegel 13 lenken die von den Lagern ausgehenden Infrarotstrahlen jeweils auf die Detektoren 12. Durch die unterschiedliche Entfernung der Spiegel 13 zur Schiene 5 und ihrer unterschiedlichen Neigung zur Vertikalen können Meßbereiche in unterschiedlicher Höhe bei den Fahrzeugen erfaßt werden, wobei auch nach unten abgedeckte Lager einer Messung unterzogen werden können. Bei windschiefer Anordnung der Achsen wird ein noch weiterer Bereich erfaßt.Before and after the infrared measuring device 4 with the Infrared optics 8, 9 are provided in the direction of travel x sensors 15, the recording of the actual measurement process initiate or terminate. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, For example, the optics 8, 9 of the infrared measuring devices 4 can either as shown in Fig. 3, in parallel or as shown in Fig. 4, inclined to each other and also with a different angle be arranged enclosing the driving direction x. The mirrors 13 direct the infrared rays emanating from the camps on the detectors 12. Due to the different distance of the Mirror 13 to the rail 5 and their different inclination to Verticals can measure at different heights in the Vehicles are detected, which also covered down Bearings can be subjected to a measurement. In wind schist Arrangement of the axes is detected a still further area.

    Die Arbeitsweise wird anhand des Blockschaltbildes gemäß Fig. 5 näher erläutert. Die beiden Detektoren 12 der Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen 4 werden durch die Radsensoren 2, die 20 m vor und 20 m nach der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung angeordnet sind, über die Schalteinrichtung 16 in Meßbereitschaft gebracht. Es werden somit Abdeckungen von den Linsen und den Spiegeln entfernt, die Spiegeln in Rotation versetzt und dgl. mehr. Durch die weiteren Sensoren 15, z. B. Induktionsspulen, welche ständig mit dem Rechner 3 verbunden sind, werden die Ausgänge der Infrarotmeßeinrichtung mit den Detektoren 12 über die Schalteinrichtung 17 mit dem Multiplexer 18 verbunden, der über den Analog/ Digitalwandler 19 alternierend eine der beiden Detektoren 12 mit der zentralen Auswertanlage, u. zw. einem Rechner 3, verbindet. Die Frequenz des Umschaltens von einem Detektor auf den anderen beträgt 50 kHz, so daß während des Vorbeifahrens eines Lagers in einer Zeitspanne einer halben Sekunde von beiden Detektoren der Meßvorgang mehrfach durchgeführt wird.The method of operation is based on the block diagram explained in more detail according to FIG. The two detectors 12 of Infrared measuring devices 4 are provided by the wheel sensors 2, the 20 m before and 20 m after the infrared measuring arranged are, brought about the switching device 16 in readiness for measurement. There are thus covers of the lenses and the mirrors removed, the mirrors set in rotation and the like. More. By the other sensors 15, z. B. induction coils, which constantly are connected to the computer 3, the outputs of the Infrared measuring device with the detectors 12 via the switching device 17 connected to the multiplexer 18, via the Analog / digital converter 19 alternately one of the two detectors 12 with the central evaluation system, u. between a computer 3, combines. The frequency of switching from a detector to the other is 50 kHz, so that while driving by of a warehouse in half a second of both Detectors of the measuring process is performed several times.

    Die in den Fig. 6 und 7 dargestellten Diagramme weisen Linien a, b, c und d auf. Bei der Linie a ist das Vorbeifahren einer Radachse an den Sensoren 15 mit einem Peak indiziert, die unmittelbar den Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen benachbart sind, so daß beide alternierend mit dem Rechner 3 verbunden sind. Die Kurven b und c geben die Temperaturen in den Meßbereichen wider. Bei Fig. 6 weist die Kurve b zum Unterschied von der Kurve c einen geringeren Temperaturausschlag auf, und es wird zur weiteren Auswertung im Rechner die Kurve c herangezogen. Die Höhe der Peaks zeigt die Abweichung von der Umgebungstemperatur an.The diagrams shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 have lines a, b, c and d on. In the line a is the Passing a wheel axle at the sensors 15 with a peak indicated immediately adjacent to the infrared measuring devices are so that both are connected to the computer 3 alternately are. The curves b and c indicate the temperatures in the measuring ranges contrary. In Fig. 6, the curve b to the difference from the curve c a lower temperature swing, and it the curve c is used for further evaluation in the computer. The height of the peaks shows the deviation from the Ambient temperature.

    In Fig. 7 ist das Meßergebnis eines Waggons mit acht Achsen dargestellt, wobei auch hier die höheren Temperaturwerte bei der Kurve c vorliegen. In Fig. 7, the measurement result of a wagon is eight Axes are shown, and here again the higher temperature values present at the curve c.

    Durch die Kurve a, welche kontinuierlich aufgenommen wird, ist die Identifizierung der Achsen (durch einen Peak angezeigt) und damit der Waggons gegeben, wohingegen durch die Kurven b und c bei Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Wertes unerwünschte Erwärmungen indizieren. Die unerwünschten Erwärmungen sind somit aufgezeichnet und können bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Schwellenwertes, beispielsweise zur Auslösung eines optischen und/oder akustischen Signales, beispielsweise im Fahrdienstgebäude, herangezogen werden oder es kann auch automatisch das nächste Signal für den Zug auf Halt gestellt werden. Die Kurven d in Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen an, daß die Radkranztemperatur unter einem Schwellenwert liegt.Through the curve a, which is continuously recorded is the identification of the axes (by a peak displayed) and thus given to the wagons, whereas by the Curves b and c when a given value is exceeded indicate unwanted warming. The unwanted warming are thus recorded and can be exceeded a predetermined threshold value, for example for triggering an optical and / or acoustic signal, for example in the service building, or can be used automatically the next signal for the train to stop become. The curves d in Figs. 6 and 7 indicate that the Wheel rim temperature is below a threshold.

    Der Temperaturverlauf unterschiedlicher Bereiche eines Lagers, des Radkranzes usw. wird durch die verschiedenen Detektoren 12 gemessen, welche über den Multiplexer 18 und den Analog/ Digitalwandler 19 mit dem Rechner 3 verbunden sind. Pro Detektor erfolgen 600 Messungen in der mittleren Zeit, in welcher ein Lager einen Detektor bei 180 km/h passiert. Diese Messungen werden in einem Rechner erfaßt, bestimmt, gespeichert und zum Steuern verwendet.The temperature profile of different areas of a bearing, of the rim, etc. is determined by the various Detectors 12 are measured, which via the multiplexer 18 and the Analog / digital converter 19 are connected to the computer 3. Per Detector made 600 measurements in the mean time, in which a warehouse passes a detector at 180 km / h. These measurements are detected, determined, stored and used in a computer Taxes used.

    Claims (9)

    1. Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles, in particular of passenger and/or goods traffic with a computer (3), wherein on the track (1), at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (2), viewed in the direction of travel (x), is arranged in front of an infrared measuring apparatus (4) with a plurality of infrared optical systems (8, 9), which are directed onto the bearing to be measured and the axes (10, 11) of which, directed toward the bearing, enclose different angles with the horizontal, wherein at least two infrared optical systems (8, 9) are to be arranged on one, in particular both, respective track outer side(s) which have normal spacings, which differ from one another, from the rail, wherein each infrared optical system (8, 9) is allocated its own detector (12) and arranged in the beam paths from the bearing to be measured up to the respective detectors (12), based on the inclination of the axes of the infrared optical system, are infrared optical system elements fixed exclusively in only one position, in particular mirrors, prisms or the like.
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (15) is adjacent to the infrared measuring apparatus (4), in front of and preferably after said infrared measuring apparatus, viewed in the direction of travel (x).
    3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the detectors (12) of the infrared measuring apparatus (4) are connected in an alternating manner to the computer (3) via a multiplexer (18).
    4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (15) adjacent to the infrared measuring apparatus (4) is constantly connected to the computer (3).
    5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the infrared optical systems (8, 9) and the detectors (12) are arranged in an, in particular, multipart housing.
    6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the normal projection of the axes of the infrared optical systems, which are directed toward the bearing, onto the track plane (e), with respect to the direction of travel (x) have different angles from one another (Fig. 4).
    7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the axes (10, 11) of the infrared optical systems, which are directed toward the bearing, are skew with respect to one another.
    8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that one axis (10) of an infrared optical system, which is directed toward the bearing, encloses a right angle with the track plane (e) (Fig. 2).
    9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that one axis (10) of an infrared optical system, which is directed toward the bearing, encloses an angle (α) of 10° to 20°, in particular about 15° with a vertical (v) to the track plane (e).
    EP99890110A 1998-04-09 1999-03-30 Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0949134B1 (en)

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    SI9930828T SI0949134T1 (en) 1998-04-09 1999-03-30 Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles

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    AT62798 1998-04-09
    AT0062798A AT408214B (en) 1998-04-09 1998-04-09 DEVICE FOR THE CONTACTLESS MEASUREMENT OF THE TEMPERATURE OF BEARING RAIL VEHICLES

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    DE102008033856B3 (en) 2008-07-19 2009-07-09 Sst Signal & System Technik Gmbh Temperature measuring device for axle box of driving rail vehicle, has lens and radiation deflector forming measuring points on infrared radiation detector, where detector is formed of hetero-structure based semiconductor-detector material
    CN106585663B (en) * 2017-02-23 2018-12-25 济宁市智通电子科技有限公司 A kind of railway freight-car axle temperature detecting system

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    SI0949134T1 (en) 2006-02-28
    DE59912513D1 (en) 2005-10-13
    HU9900890D0 (en) 1999-06-28
    ATA62798A (en) 2001-02-15
    HUP9900890A3 (en) 2002-02-28
    AT408214B (en) 2001-09-25
    EP0949134A1 (en) 1999-10-13

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