EP0936405A1 - Circulating fluidized bed boiler with improved NOx reduction - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed boiler with improved NOx reduction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0936405A1
EP0936405A1 EP99400288A EP99400288A EP0936405A1 EP 0936405 A1 EP0936405 A1 EP 0936405A1 EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 0936405 A1 EP0936405 A1 EP 0936405A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
tubular rod
reactant
boiler according
reagent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99400288A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0936405B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Xavier Morin
Michel Vandycke
Corinne Beal
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Alstom Power Boiler SA
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Alstom Energy Systems SA
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Publication of EP0936405A1 publication Critical patent/EP0936405A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a duct which extends in a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting a reagent into the stream to reduce nitrogen oxides.
  • This injection mode is relatively simple to carry out.
  • injection into the wall of the duct does not allow complete mixture of reactive ammonia and nitrogen oxides.
  • the flow of particles and gases, although turbulent, is dominated by a speed component parallel to the direction longitudinal of the duct which limits the penetration of ammonia reactive to a layer in contact with the wall of the duct.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides contained in the gases to promote their reduction.
  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler circulating with with a combustion hearth and a cyclone of separation connected together by a conduit which extends along a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting into the stream a reagent for reducing nitrogen oxides, characterized in that this means comprises at least a first tubular rod arranged in a recess in the upper part of the hearth combustion which extends above the duct so as to inject the reagent in the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-routinely to the flow.
  • the reagent is injected right into the flow and in a region of the flow sparse in particles which allows strengthen the mixture with nitrogen oxides and increase the reduction yield.
  • Figure 1 shows very schematically in front view a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • FIG 2 very schematically shows a boiler according to the Figure 1, with at least one injection rod disposed in the part top of a combustion chamber or a first flue communication between the combustion furnace and a cyclone separation.
  • Figure 3 shows very schematically a boiler according to the Figure 1, with at least one injection rod disposed in a second conduit formed by the upper part of an exchanger exterior with dense fluidized bed.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of an injection pipe.
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler shown schematic in Figure 1, includes a combustion hearth 1 which extends vertically and a lower part of which is supplied by a fuel 3, for example crushed coal, and by a flow air 7 directed towards the top of the fireplace. Combustion takes place within a large mass of fine ash particles 5 strongly agitated and kept in suspension by the air flow 7 to form a fluidized bed having a particle density which decreases rapidly in depending on the height of the fireplace. Combustion takes place at a typical temperature of 850 degrees Celsius (° C) and generates NOx nitrogen oxides.
  • the air flow charged with fine particles and nitrogen oxides is channeled in the upper part of the hearth by a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
  • a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
  • the fumes 14 exit from the separation cyclone 11 and pass through heat exchangers conventional before being evacuated by a chimney.
  • a second conduit 17 forming an upper part of the exchanger exterior 15 extends parallel to a longitudinal direction L2 substantially horizontal and channels the flow of particles and gases from the separation cyclone 11 to the combustion furnace 1 through a fluidized system 19 to recycle the particles.
  • a reagent is injected, for example from ammonia in the gaseous state, using at least one tubular rod arranged so as to release the reagent in the direction longitudinal of the conduit and co-current with the flow of charged gas particles.
  • each tubular rod 21 is arranged in an upper part 1A of combustion furnace 1 where the flow of particles and gases is channeled through the first conduit 9 to be transported to the cyclone Separation 11.
  • each tubular rod is mounted in a recess 1C of the upper part 1A of the combustion hearth 1 which extends to the above the upper part 9A of the first conduit 9. This indentation 1C creates an impact layer 1B of the particles transported by the circulating flow and decreases the particle density in the reagent injection area.
  • each tubular rod 21 in an upper part 9A of the first conduit 9 which channels the flow leaving the hearth 1 towards the entry of the cyclone of separation 11.
  • each rod tubular 21 is arranged near the combustion hearth 1 for extend the residence time until the air flow enters the separation cyclone 11 and thus reinforce the reagent mixture injected with the nitrogen oxides contained in the stream.
  • rods tubular 21 at several points in a width direction of the focus combustion 1 or duct 9 which is perpendicular to the direction longitudinal L1 to reinforce the mixture with nitrogen oxides.
  • each tubular rod 21 is disposed in a second conduit 17 formed by an upper part 17A of the external exchanger 15, where the carbon is partially elutriated in particles from the cyclone 11.
  • the combustion of elutriated carbon takes place in a strong excess air above the dense fluidized bed and produces oxides nitrogen which are reduced by injecting the reagent.
  • each tubular rod 21 is arranged in relation to the flow current downstream of the entry zone 17B in the second conduit 17 particles from the cyclone 11 to extend the residence time of the reagent, account given the fact that in this entry zone 17B, the carbon elutriation is important.
  • Each tubular rod 21 comprises, in FIG. 4, at least one injection nozzle 23.
  • each tubular rod 21 is lowered into the combustion hearth, or in the first 9 or the second duct 17, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L1 or L2 and by orienting the injection nozzle 23 in the direction of flow of the flow of particles and gases to inject the reagent according to the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-current to the flow.
  • each injection rod 21 in the part superior of hearth 1 or first 9 or second duct 17 is made by means of a flange 25 which preferably allows a translational movement of each rod perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the duct to adjust the descent in the hearth or in the duct according to a lower density in particles in the flow and thus reinforce the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides.
  • each tubular rod is treated by depositing for example by plasma, a coating of tungsten carbide or carbide chromium.
  • the reagent is injected through a channel 29 which opens out through the injection nozzle 23.
  • the reagent used is gaseous ammonia or droplets ammonia solution, or a liquid ammonia precursor like urea in solution, pulsed by air.

Abstract

The combustion area (1) is connected to a separation cyclone (11) by a pipe (9) carrying a flow of particles and gas containing nitrogen oxides (NOx). A reactant is injected into the flow, to reduce the NOx emissions, using at least one tubular rod (21) in the top of the combustion area which extends into the pipe to inject the reactant in the direction of flow of the fluid A second rod mounted in the top of the pipe near the combustion area also injects reactant in the direction of fluid flow. An external exchanger with dense fluidized bed connects the separation cyclone to the combustion area and the top of this forms a pipe for the flow, with a third tubular rod in the top of the exchanger injecting reactant into the flow. Each tubular rod contains at least one injection nozzle for the reactant and can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Each tubular rod has a cooling circuit containing water and is coated with tungsten carbide or chromium carbide to resist the abrasion of the flow. The reactant is gaseous ammonia or droplets of ammonia in solution, or an ammonia compound such as urea, sprayed by air.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant, avec un conduit qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale et qui canalise un flux de particules et de gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote, et un moyen pour injecter dans le flux un réactif permettant de réduire les oxydes d'azote.The invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a duct which extends in a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting a reagent into the stream to reduce nitrogen oxides.

Dans une chaudière de ce type, avec un conduit reliant un foyer de combustion à un cyclone de séparation, les particules sont séparées dans le cyclone de séparation et sont recyclées dans le foyer de combustion. Les gaz sont évacués par une cheminée après avoir traversé des échangeurs de chaleur conventionnels situés en aval du cyclone de séparation. La réduction des oxydes d'azote en azote moléculaire inerte est une mesure corrective qui permet de diminuer le rejet des oxydes d'azote avec les gaz évacués par la cheminée.In a boiler of this type, with a duct connecting a fireplace combustion at a separation cyclone, the particles are separated in the separation cyclone and are recycled in the combustion hearth. The gases are evacuated through a chimney after have passed through conventional heat exchangers located in downstream of the separation cyclone. Reducing nitrogen oxides to inert molecular nitrogen is a corrective measure which reduce the rejection of nitrogen oxides with the gases evacuated by the fireplace.

D'une manière générale, on injecte dans le flux de particules et de gaz de l'ammoniac pour réduire les oxydes d'azote selon un schéma réactionnel connu sous le nom de réduction sélective non catalytique. Il est admis aujourd'hui que trois principaux paramètres, la température, le temps de séjour, et le mélange de l'ammoniac réactif avec les oxydes d'azote, influencent la réaction de réduction dans l'installation.Generally, we inject into the particle flow and ammonia gas to reduce nitrogen oxides according to a reaction scheme known as selective reduction no catalytic. It is now accepted that three main parameters, the temperature, residence time, and mixture of reactive ammonia with nitrogen oxides influence the reduction reaction in the installation.

La demande de brevet européenne EP 0 690 266, publiée le 3 janvier 1996, décrit une chaudière dans laquelle l'injection de l'ammoniac est réalisée par une ouverture formée dans la paroi de la partie supérieure du conduit, cette ouverture étant disposée à une distance plus courte du foyer de combustion que du cyclone de séparation. Ce mode d'injection est relativement simple à réaliser. Cependant, l'injection à même la paroi du conduit ne permet pas un mélange complet de l'ammoniac réactif et des oxydes d'azote. En effet, l'écoulement des particules et des gaz, bien que turbulent, est dominé par une composante de vitesse parallèle à la direction longitudinale du conduit qui cantonne la pénétration de l'ammoniac réactif à une couche en contact avec la paroi du conduit.European patent application EP 0 690 266, published on 3 January 1996, describes a boiler in which the injection of the ammonia is produced by an opening formed in the wall of the upper part of the duct, this opening being arranged at a shorter distance from the combustion center than from the cyclone separation. This injection mode is relatively simple to carry out. However, injection into the wall of the duct does not allow complete mixture of reactive ammonia and nitrogen oxides. In effect, the flow of particles and gases, although turbulent, is dominated by a speed component parallel to the direction longitudinal of the duct which limits the penetration of ammonia reactive to a layer in contact with the wall of the duct.

Le but de l'invention est d'améliorer le mélange du réactif avec les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz pour favoriser leur réduction.The object of the invention is to improve the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides contained in the gases to promote their reduction.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant avec avec un foyer de combustion et un cyclone de séparation reliés entre eux par un conduit qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale et qui canalise un flux de particules et de gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote, et un moyen pour injecter dans le flux un réactif permettant de réduire les oxydes d'azote, caractérisée en ce que ce moyen comprend au moins une première canne tubulaire disposée dans un renfoncement de la partie supérieure du foyer de combustion qui s'étend au dessus du conduit de façon telle à injecter le réactif suivant la direction longitudinale du conduit et de façon co-courante au flux.To this end, the invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler circulating with with a combustion hearth and a cyclone of separation connected together by a conduit which extends along a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting into the stream a reagent for reducing nitrogen oxides, characterized in that this means comprises at least a first tubular rod arranged in a recess in the upper part of the hearth combustion which extends above the duct so as to inject the reagent in the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-routinely to the flow.

Avec cet agencement, le réactif est injecté à coeur dans le flux et dans un région du flux peu dense en particules ce qui permet de renforcer le mélange avec les oxydes d'azote et d'augmenter le rendement de réduction.With this arrangement, the reagent is injected right into the flow and in a region of the flow sparse in particles which allows strengthen the mixture with nitrogen oxides and increase the reduction yield.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description de deux modes de réalisation illustrés par les dessins.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description of two illustrated embodiments by the drawings.

La figure 1 montre très schématiquement en vue de face une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant.Figure 1 shows very schematically in front view a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

La figure 2 montre très schématiquement une chaudière selon la figure 1, avec au moins une canne d'injection disposée dans la partie supérieure d'un foyer de combustion ou d'un premier conduit de communication entre le foyer de combustion et un cyclone de séparation.Figure 2 very schematically shows a boiler according to the Figure 1, with at least one injection rod disposed in the part top of a combustion chamber or a first flue communication between the combustion furnace and a cyclone separation.

La figure 3 montre très schématiquement une chaudière selon la figure 1, avec au moins une canne d'injection disposée dans un deuxième conduit formé par la partie supérieure d'un échangeur extérieur à lit fluidisé dense.Figure 3 shows very schematically a boiler according to the Figure 1, with at least one injection rod disposed in a second conduit formed by the upper part of an exchanger exterior with dense fluidized bed.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe d'une canne d'injection.Figure 4 is a sectional view of an injection pipe.

Une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant, représentée de façon schématique sur la figure 1, comprend un foyer de combustion 1 qui s'étend verticalement et dont une partie inférieure est alimentée par un combustible 3, par exemple du charbon concassé, et par un flux d'air 7 dirigé vers le haut du foyer. La combustion s'effectue au sein d'une importante masse de fines particules de cendres 5 fortement agitées et maintenues en suspension par le flux d'air 7 pour former un lit fluidisé ayant une densité en particules qui diminue rapidement en fonction de la hauteur du foyer. La combustion a lieu à une température typique de 850 degrés celsius (°C) et génère des d'oxydes d'azote NOx.A circulating fluidized bed boiler, shown schematic in Figure 1, includes a combustion hearth 1 which extends vertically and a lower part of which is supplied by a fuel 3, for example crushed coal, and by a flow air 7 directed towards the top of the fireplace. Combustion takes place within a large mass of fine ash particles 5 strongly agitated and kept in suspension by the air flow 7 to form a fluidized bed having a particle density which decreases rapidly in depending on the height of the fireplace. Combustion takes place at a typical temperature of 850 degrees Celsius (° C) and generates NOx nitrogen oxides.

Le flux d'air chargé des fines particules et des oxydes d'azote est canalisé dans la partie haute du foyer par un premier conduit 9 qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale L1 sensiblement horizontale et qui débouche dans la partie haute 11A d'un cyclone de séparation 11 disposé verticalement. Par un écoulement circulaire du flux d'air dans le cyclone, les fines particules de cendre sont séparées des fumées et sont recyclées vers le foyer de combustion 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un siphon fluidisé 13. Les fumées 14 sortent du cyclone de séparation 11 et traversent des échangeurs de chaleur conventionnels avant d'être évacuées par une cheminée.The air flow charged with fine particles and nitrogen oxides is channeled in the upper part of the hearth by a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically. By a circular flow of the air flow in the cyclone, the fine ash particles are separated fumes and are recycled to the combustion chamber 1 by via a fluidized siphon 13. The fumes 14 exit from the separation cyclone 11 and pass through heat exchangers conventional before being evacuated by a chimney.

Pour faciliter le contrôle de la température du foyer, on dispose en parallèle avec le siphon fluidisé 13, un échangeur extérieur à lit fluidisé dense 15, qui est alimenté en air 16 et en particules prélevées dans la partie inférieure 11B du cyclone de séparation 11. Un deuxième conduit 17 formant une partie supérieure de l'échangeur extérieur 15 s'étend parallèlement à une direction longitudinale L2 sensiblement horizontale et canalise le flux des particules et de gaz provenant du cyclone de séparation 11 vers le foyer de combustion 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un système fluidisé 19 pour recycler les particules.To facilitate control of the hearth temperature, in parallel with the fluidized siphon 13, an external exchanger with a bed dense fluidized 15, which is supplied with air 16 and sampled particles in the lower part 11B of the separation cyclone 11. A second conduit 17 forming an upper part of the exchanger exterior 15 extends parallel to a longitudinal direction L2 substantially horizontal and channels the flow of particles and gases from the separation cyclone 11 to the combustion furnace 1 through a fluidized system 19 to recycle the particles.

Selon l'invention, pour réduire les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz et les fumées, on injecte un réactif, par exemple de l'ammoniac à l'état gazeux, au moyen au moins d'une canne tubulaire disposée de façon telle à libérer le réactif suivant la direction longitudinale du conduit et de façon co-courante au flux de gaz chargé des particules.According to the invention, to reduce the nitrogen oxides contained in gases and fumes, a reagent is injected, for example from ammonia in the gaseous state, using at least one tubular rod arranged so as to release the reagent in the direction longitudinal of the conduit and co-current with the flow of charged gas particles.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, figure 2, chaque canne tubulaire 21 est disposée dans une partie supérieure 1A du foyer de combustion 1 où le flux de particules et de gaz est canalisé par le premier conduit 9 pour être transporté vers le cyclone de séparation 11. De préférence, dans ce premier mode de réalisation, on monte chaque canne tubulaire dans un renfoncement 1C de la partie supérieure 1A du foyer de combustion 1 qui s'étend au dessus de la partie supérieure 9A du premier conduit 9. Ce renfoncement 1C crée une couche d'impact 1B des particules transportées par le flux circulant et diminue la densité en particules dans la zone d'injection du réactif.In a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2, each tubular rod 21 is arranged in an upper part 1A of combustion furnace 1 where the flow of particles and gases is channeled through the first conduit 9 to be transported to the cyclone Separation 11. Preferably, in this first mode of realization, each tubular rod is mounted in a recess 1C of the upper part 1A of the combustion hearth 1 which extends to the above the upper part 9A of the first conduit 9. This indentation 1C creates an impact layer 1B of the particles transported by the circulating flow and decreases the particle density in the reagent injection area.

Il est prévu également, dans une variante de ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, visible sur la figure 2, de disposer chaque canne tubulaire 21 dans une partie supérieure 9A du premier conduit 9 qui canalise le flux sortant du foyer 1 vers l'entrée du cyclone de séparation 11. De préférence, dans cette variante, chaque canne tubulaire 21 est disposée à proximité du foyer de combustion 1 pour allonger le temps de séjour jusqu'à l'entrée du flux d'air dans le cyclone de séparation 11 et ainsi renforcer le mélange du réactif injecté avec les oxydes d'azote contenus dans le flux.It is also provided, in a variant of this first mode of embodiment of the invention, visible in Figure 2, to have each tubular rod 21 in an upper part 9A of the first conduit 9 which channels the flow leaving the hearth 1 towards the entry of the cyclone of separation 11. Preferably, in this variant, each rod tubular 21 is arranged near the combustion hearth 1 for extend the residence time until the air flow enters the separation cyclone 11 and thus reinforce the reagent mixture injected with the nitrogen oxides contained in the stream.

D'une manière avantageuse, on dispose plusieurs cannes tubulaires 21 en plusieurs points d'une direction de largeur du foyer de combustion 1 ou du conduit 9 qui est perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale L1 pour renforcer le mélange avec les oxydes d'azote.Advantageously, there are several rods tubular 21 at several points in a width direction of the focus combustion 1 or duct 9 which is perpendicular to the direction longitudinal L1 to reinforce the mixture with nitrogen oxides.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, figure 3, chaque canne tubulaire 21 est disposée dans un deuxième conduit 17 formé par une partie supérieure 17A de l'échangeur extérieur 15, où le carbone est élutrié en partie dans les particules provenant du cyclone de séparation 11. La combustion du carbone élutrié s'effectue dans un fort excès d'air au dessus du lit fluidisé dense et produit des oxydes d'azote qui sont réduits par l'injection du réactif. De préférence, dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, chaque canne tubulaire 21 est disposée par rapport au courant du flux en aval de la zone d'entrée 17B dans le deuxième conduit 17 des particules provenant du cyclone de séparation 11 pour allonger le temps de séjour du réactif, compte tenu du fait que dans cette zone d'entrée 17B, l'élutriation du carbone est importante.In a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3, each tubular rod 21 is disposed in a second conduit 17 formed by an upper part 17A of the external exchanger 15, where the carbon is partially elutriated in particles from the cyclone 11. The combustion of elutriated carbon takes place in a strong excess air above the dense fluidized bed and produces oxides nitrogen which are reduced by injecting the reagent. Preferably, in this second embodiment, each tubular rod 21 is arranged in relation to the flow current downstream of the entry zone 17B in the second conduit 17 particles from the cyclone 11 to extend the residence time of the reagent, account given the fact that in this entry zone 17B, the carbon elutriation is important.

Chaque canne tubulaire 21 comprend, figure 4, au moins une buse d'injection 23. Dans chacun des deux modes de réalisation décrits précédemment, on descend chaque canne tubulaire 21 dans le foyer de combustion, ou dans le premier 9 ou le deuxième conduit 17, sensiblement perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale L1 ou L2 et en orientant la buse d'injection 23 dans le sens d'écoulement du flux des particules et des gaz pour injecter le réactif suivant la direction longitudinale du conduit et de façon co-courante au flux. Each tubular rod 21 comprises, in FIG. 4, at least one injection nozzle 23. In each of the two embodiments described above, each tubular rod 21 is lowered into the combustion hearth, or in the first 9 or the second duct 17, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L1 or L2 and by orienting the injection nozzle 23 in the direction of flow of the flow of particles and gases to inject the reagent according to the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-current to the flow.

La fixation de chaque canne d'injection 21 dans la partie supérieure du foyer 1 ou du premier 9 ou du deuxième conduit 17 est réalisée au moyen d'une bride 25 qui de préférence permet un déplacement en translation de chaque canne perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale du conduit pour régler la descente dans le foyer ou dans le conduit en fonction d'une moindre densité en particules dans le flux et ainsi renforcer le mélange du réactif avec les oxydes d'azote.The fixing of each injection rod 21 in the part superior of hearth 1 or first 9 or second duct 17 is made by means of a flange 25 which preferably allows a translational movement of each rod perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the duct to adjust the descent in the hearth or in the duct according to a lower density in particles in the flow and thus reinforce the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides.

Il est prévu également de traiter chaque canne tubulaire en surface pour améliorer ses propriétés de tenue à la corrosion. Compte tenu de la température du flux et de la nature abrasive des particules et des gaz, on traite chaque canne en déposant par exemple par plasma, un revêtement de carbure de tungstène ou de carbure de chrome. Pour améliorer la tenue mécanique des cannes, on prévoit également de les refroidir par une circulation d'eau 27. Le réactif est injecté par un canal 29 qui débouche par la buse d'injection 23. Comme réactif, on utilise de l'ammoniac gazeux, ou des gouttelettes d'ammoniaque en solution, ou un précurseur liquide de l'ammoniac comme l'urée en solution, pulsé par de l'air.It is also planned to treat each tubular rod in surface to improve its corrosion resistance properties. Account given the temperature of the flux and the abrasive nature of the particles and gases, each rod is treated by depositing for example by plasma, a coating of tungsten carbide or carbide chromium. To improve the mechanical strength of the rods, provision is made also to cool them by a circulation of water 27. The reagent is injected through a channel 29 which opens out through the injection nozzle 23. The reagent used is gaseous ammonia or droplets ammonia solution, or a liquid ammonia precursor like urea in solution, pulsed by air.

Claims (8)

Une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant, avec avec un foyer de combustion (1) et un cyclone de séparation (11) reliés entre eux par un conduit (9) qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale (L1) et qui canalise un flux de particules et de gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote (NOx), et un moyen pour injecter dans le flux un réactif permettant de réduire les oxydes d'azote, caractérisée en ce que ce moyen comprend au moins une première canne tubulaire (21) disposée dans un renfoncement (1C) de la partie supérieure du foyer de combustion qui s'étend au dessus du conduit de façon telle à injecter le réactif suivant la direction longitudinale (L1,L2) du conduit (9,17) et de façon co-courante au flux.A circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a combustion (1) and a separation cyclone (11) interconnected by a conduit (9) which extends in a longitudinal direction (L1) and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing oxides nitrogen (NOx), and a means for injecting a reactant into the stream for reducing nitrogen oxides, characterized in that this means comprises at least a first tubular rod (21) arranged in a recess (1C) in the upper part of the hearth combustion which extends above the duct so as to inject the reagent in the longitudinal direction (L1, L2) of the conduit (9,17) and co-current to the flow. Une chaudière selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle chaque le moyen comprend au moins une seconde canne tubulaire (21) disposée dans la partie supérieure (9A) du conduit (9) à proximité du foyer de combustion (1) pour injecter le réactif de façon co-courante au flux dans le conduit (9).A boiler according to claim 1, in which each means comprises at least a second tubular rod (21) disposed in the upper part (9A) of the duct (9) in the vicinity combustion chamber (1) for injecting the reagent co-current to the flow in the conduit (9). Une chaudière selon la revendication 1, avec un échangeur extérieur à lit fluidisé dense (15) reliant le cyclone de séparation (11) au foyer de combustion (1) et dont la partie supérieure forme un conduit (17) pour le flux de particules et de gaz qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale (L2), dans laquelle le moyen comprend au moins une troisième canne tubulaire (21) disposée dans la partie supérieure (17A) de l'échangeur pour injecter le réactif dans ledit flux.A boiler according to claim 1, with an exchanger exterior with dense fluidized bed (15) connecting the separation cyclone (11) the combustion hearth (1) and the upper part of which forms a conduit (17) for the flow of particles and gas which extends along a longitudinal direction (L2), in which the means comprises at at least a third tubular rod (21) disposed in the part upper (17A) of the exchanger for injecting the reagent into said flow. Une chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend au moins une buse d'injection (23) du réactif.A boiler according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which each tubular rod (21) comprises at least one nozzle injector (23). Une chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) est mobile suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L1,L2) du conduit (9,17).A boiler according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which each tubular rod (21) is movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (L1, L2) of the duct (9,17). Une chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend un circuit de refroidissement (27) par circulation d'eau.A boiler according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which each tubular rod (21) comprises a circuit for cooling (27) by circulation of water. Une chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend un revêtement par plasma de carbure de tungstène ou de carbure de chrome pour résister à l'abrasion du flux.A boiler according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which each tubular rod (21) comprises a coating by tungsten carbide or chromium carbide plasma for resist abrasion from the flow. Une chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le réactif est de l'ammoniac gazeux, ou des gouttelettes d'ammoniaque en solution, ou un précurseur liquide de l'ammoniac comme l'urée en solution, pulsé par de l'air.A boiler according to any one of the claims above, in which the reagent is gaseous ammonia, or ammonia droplets in solution, or a liquid precursor ammonia such as urea in solution, pulsed by air.
EP99400288A 1998-02-16 1999-02-09 Circulating fluidized bed boiler with improved NOx reduction Expired - Lifetime EP0936405B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9801839 1998-02-16
FR9801839A FR2775061B1 (en) 1998-02-16 1998-02-16 CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH IMPROVED NITROGEN OXIDE REDUCTION

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0936405A1 true EP0936405A1 (en) 1999-08-18
EP0936405B1 EP0936405B1 (en) 2004-08-18

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US (1) US6067943A (en)
EP (1) EP0936405B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1135319C (en)
DE (1) DE69919424T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2227980T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2775061B1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA99001556A (en)

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CZ302726B6 (en) * 1999-12-17 2011-09-29 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Circulating fluidized bed unit
US8251694B2 (en) 2004-02-14 2012-08-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Method for in-furnace reduction flue gas acidity
US8353698B2 (en) * 2003-06-13 2013-01-15 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Co-axial injection system
US10653996B1 (en) * 2019-05-13 2020-05-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx in fluidized bed combustion reactors

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US8449288B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2013-05-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Urea-based mixing process for increasing combustion efficiency and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
US7670569B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2010-03-02 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems & methods
US7410356B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2008-08-12 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler having improved reactant utilization
WO2008137557A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-13 Phase Inc. Methods and apparatus for enhanced incineration
US8555797B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2013-10-15 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for decreasing NOx emissions from a fluidized bed combustion system
AT505526B1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2010-09-15 Univ Wien Tech FLUID BED REACTOR SYSTEM
US8069824B2 (en) 2008-06-19 2011-12-06 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler and method of operation
DE102010036749A1 (en) 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft Cottbus Mbh Method for reducing deposits in boilers, involves inserting fresh water in combustion chamber, particularly in proximity of boiler tube during current operation
DE102011052788B4 (en) 2011-08-17 2014-03-20 Harald Sauer Process and apparatus for purifying exhaust gases
CN102626586B (en) * 2012-04-01 2014-06-04 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 Treatment device for emission reduction control over nitrogen oxide in flue gas
US10746141B2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2020-08-18 Kohler Co. Engine air cleaner

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US8353698B2 (en) * 2003-06-13 2013-01-15 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Co-axial injection system
US8251694B2 (en) 2004-02-14 2012-08-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Method for in-furnace reduction flue gas acidity
US10653996B1 (en) * 2019-05-13 2020-05-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx in fluidized bed combustion reactors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1135319C (en) 2004-01-21
FR2775061A1 (en) 1999-08-20
US6067943A (en) 2000-05-30
ES2227980T3 (en) 2005-04-01
EP0936405B1 (en) 2004-08-18
CN1226653A (en) 1999-08-25
DE69919424T2 (en) 2005-09-08
FR2775061B1 (en) 2000-03-10
MXPA99001556A (en) 2004-10-28
DE69919424D1 (en) 2004-09-23

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