EP0936357B1 - Turbine à gaz - Google Patents

Turbine à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0936357B1
EP0936357B1 EP99301044A EP99301044A EP0936357B1 EP 0936357 B1 EP0936357 B1 EP 0936357B1 EP 99301044 A EP99301044 A EP 99301044A EP 99301044 A EP99301044 A EP 99301044A EP 0936357 B1 EP0936357 B1 EP 0936357B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow path
piston
fluid flow
spring
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99301044A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0936357A2 (fr
EP0936357A3 (fr
Inventor
Xiaoliu Liu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp
Original Assignee
Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA002229352A external-priority patent/CA2229352C/fr
Priority claimed from US09/023,217 external-priority patent/US6122905A/en
Application filed by Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp filed Critical Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp
Publication of EP0936357A2 publication Critical patent/EP0936357A2/fr
Publication of EP0936357A3 publication Critical patent/EP0936357A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0936357B1 publication Critical patent/EP0936357B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gas turbine engines, and particularly to an engine having a compressor bleed valve for improving the control of surge in such engines.
  • a pneumatic bleed valve having the features of the preamble of claim 1 is described in U.S. Patent 5,477,673, Blais et al., issued December 26, 1995.
  • This patent describes a bleed valve in the form of a piston extending radially through a bypass flow path, and operable to bleed compressor air into the bypass flow path when the piston type valve is open.
  • the valve may be closed when air from a source downstream of the compressor impeller is fed to the head of the piston and such air is at a higher pressure than air from a downstream stage of the compressor.
  • the pneumatic force to close the valve acts against a spring normally urging the valve to an open position.
  • the bleed valve moves from an open to a closed position gradually. If during this transition the opening becomes too small, the engine may be in a surge condition.
  • a gas turbine engine including a compressor with an axial fluid flow path, a bypass fluid flow path concentric with the compressor fluid flow path, a bleed valve in fluid communication with the compressor fluid flow path and the bypass fluid flow path whereby the bleed valve comprises a piston extending radially, with a piston head radially remote from the compressor fluid flow path, a pneumatic chamber surrounding a portion of the piston head and means for introducing compressed fluid into said chamber, the piston including a valving means and a rigid member extending between the piston head and the valving means whereby the piston is effective to open or close the communication between the compressor fluid flow path, characterised in that there is provided a precompressed spring associated with the piston to normally urge the piston radially outwardly relative to the compressor fluid flow, the arrangement being such that the pneumatic pressure in the chamber surrounding the piston head must overcome the precompressed spring in order to close said valving means and the precompression spring is such that the closing schedule of the bleed valve will avoid the surge conditions of the engine.
  • the spring is precompressed to 40 lbs (178 N).
  • a bleed valve 10 is shown mounted in a compressor section 14 of a gas turbine engine having a bypass fluid flow path 12.
  • the bleed valve 10, shown in Fig. 1 is according to U.S. Patent 5,477,673, Blais et al., which is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the compressor section includes a fluid flow path 16 which is somewhat concentric with the bypass fluid flow path 12.
  • the compressor includes a downstream compressor stage outlet port 22 in shroud 18, adjacent the centrifugal impeller 24.
  • the bleed valve 10 is a piston type bleed valve having a closed casing with a piston 26 and a guide rod 28 fixed to the upper chamber housing 27 which defines a closed chamber 32.
  • a piston head 34 slides within the chamber 32 in sealing relationship.
  • the piston 26 includes a sleeve 30 and 30a which slides on the rod 28.
  • the rod 28 is connected to the chamber housing 27 by means of a nut 31.
  • the rod 28 is connected at its other end to the valve chamber housing 52 by means of nut 29.
  • the valve chamber 52 is in the form of an open basket with openings 42.
  • the valving element 36 includes a frusto-conical surface 37 and a partial cylindrical skirt 38 defining an opening 39 which corresponds with opening 40 in the bypass fluid flow inner wall 20.
  • the bleed valve when in an open position as shown in Fig. 1, allows bleed air from the downstream portion of the compressor to pass through openings 42 and through opening 40 to the bypass fluid flow path 12 downstream of the bleed valve 10.
  • the spring 44 normally urges the valve to its open position, as shown in Fig. 1, and the valve is closed pneumatically as described in the above United States patent.
  • valve under the pneumatic pressure from a source downstream of the compressor impeller, as described in the above-mentioned patent, will prematurely close the valve against the spring 44 while the engine is still vulnerable to a surge condition.
  • a bleed valve in accordance with the present invention, is shown and identified as 110. All of the reference numerals which correspond to reference numerals in Fig. 1 have been raised by 100.
  • the bleed valve 110 of Figs. 2 and 3 is shown in cross-section in a radial plane, that is, at 90° to the cross-section of Fig. 1.
  • the bleed valve 110 includes an upper casing 127 defining a piston chamber 132 communicating with an inlet 150.
  • Bleed valve 110 is a piston-type bleed valve and includes a piston 126 which includes the sleeve 130 having bushings 148 sliding on rod 128.
  • Rod 128 is fixed at the casing 127 by means of nut 131.
  • rod 128 mounts a valve housing 152 in the form of an open basket which defines a valve seat 154 adjacent the inner wall 120 of the bypass fluid flow path 112.
  • the sleeve 130 mounts a piston head 134 which is adapted to slide in sealing engagement within the chamber 132.
  • At the other end of the sleeve 130 is an aerodynamic cap 146 to which is connected a valving element 136.
  • the valving element 136 includes a frusto-conical surface surrounded partially by a skirt 138 which is adapted to slide within the basket 152.
  • the valving element 136 defines an annular spring recess 143 which houses a coil spring 144.
  • the skirt 138 defines an opening 139 in the downstream side of the valving element 136 (although the opening 139 is shown to one side in Figs. 2 and 3 for the purposes of illustration only).
  • curve N represents the bleed valve as shown in Fig. 1 of the spring 44.
  • curve N as it is closing, passes through the so-called surge bucket S.
  • surge bucket S As the valve 36 is being closed, it is difficult to control the valve opening.
  • the curve P shown in Fig. 4 represents the schedule for closing valve 136 using a precompressed spring 144.
  • a preferred spring rating will include a precompression of 40 lbs. (178 N) when the valve is completely opened, although a precompression of 20 lbs. (89 N) should be sufficient to clear the surge bucket 144. This compares to zero compression in terms of spring 44 in Fig. 1 when the valve is completely opened. It is anticipated that the spring could also be precompressed to 50 lbs (222 N). It is noted that when the valve 36 is closed, the spring 144 is compressed to 60 lbs. (267 N) which is similar to the spring 44 in Fig. 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Turbine à gaz comprenant un compresseur (14) avec un cheminement d'écoulement de fluide axial (116), un cheminement d'écoulement de fluide secondaire (112) concentrique avec le cheminement d'écoulement de fluide du compresseur (116), une valve de prélèvement (110) en communication fluidique avec le cheminement d'écoulement de fluide du compresseur (116) et le cheminement d'écoulement de fluide secondaire (112), la valve de prélèvement (110) comprenant un piston (126) s'étendant radialement, avec une tête de piston (134) radialement éloignée du cheminement d'écoulement de fluide du compresseur (116), une chambre pneumatique (132) entourant une partie de la tête de piston (134), et un moyen (150) destiné à introduire le fluide comprimé dans ladite chambre (132), le piston comprenant un moyen de régulation par valve (136) et un élément rigide (130) s'étendant entre la tête de piston (134) et le moyen de régulation par valve (136), moyennant quoi le piston (126) est efficace pour ouvrir ou fermer la communication entre le cheminement d'écoulement de fluide du compresseur et le cheminement d'écoulement de fluide secondaire, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu un ressort pré comprimé (144) associé avec le piston (126) afin de pousser normalement le piston (126) radialement et vers l'extérieur par rapport au cheminement d'écoulement de fluide du compresseur (116), l'agencement étant tel que la pression pneumatique dans la chambre (132) entourant la tête de piston (134) doit venir à bout du ressort pré comprimé afin de fermer ledit moyen de régulation par valve (136) et le ressort de pré compression (144) est tel que la programmation de fermeture de la valve de prélèvement (110) permettra d'éviter les conditions de pompage du moteur.
  2. Turbine selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le ressort pré comprimé (144) est un ressort à spirales pré comprimé à une valeur comprise entre 20 et 50 livres (89 et 222 N).
  3. Turbine selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le ressort est pré comprimé à 40 livres (178 N).
  4. Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la valve de prélèvement (110) comprend un carter (127) définissant la chambre pneumatique (132) montée sur le carénage externe (121) du cheminement d'écoulement de fluide secondaire (112) et un logement pour le moyen de régulation par valve (152) est monté à l'autre extrémité d'une tige (128) fixée au carter de chambre (127) moyennant quoi le logement du moyen de régulation par valve (152) est monté sur la paroi interne du cheminement d'écoulement de fluide secondaire (112), le piston (126) comprend la tête de piston (134) et un manchon allongé (130) reliant la tête de piston (134) à l'élément de régulation par valve (136) de telle sorte que le manchon (130) coulisse sur la tige (128) entre une position de vanne ouverte et une position de vanne fermée et le ressort pré comprimé (144) est monté dans le logement de l'élément de régulation par valve (152) entre l'élément de régulation par valve (136) et le logement (152) de façon à pousser le piston (126) et l'élément de régulation par valve (136) vers une position ouverte.
  5. Turbine selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le ressort (144) est pré comprimé à 40 livres (178 N).
EP99301044A 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 Turbine à gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0936357B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23217 1993-02-23
CA2229352 1998-02-13
CA002229352A CA2229352C (fr) 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Vanne de purge de compresseur
US09/023,217 US6122905A (en) 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Compressor bleed valve

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0936357A2 EP0936357A2 (fr) 1999-08-18
EP0936357A3 EP0936357A3 (fr) 2001-01-10
EP0936357B1 true EP0936357B1 (fr) 2003-11-05

Family

ID=25680035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99301044A Expired - Lifetime EP0936357B1 (fr) 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 Turbine à gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0936357B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11287133A (fr)
DE (1) DE69912488T2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6565313B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-05-20 United Technologies Corporation Bleed deflector for a gas turbine engine
US6981842B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2006-01-03 Honeywell International, Inc. Bleed valve system
CN112361061A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-12 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种应用于燃气轮机的带位置反馈的放气阀
CN113606042A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2021-11-05 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所 一种自动锁闭的起动活门装置在航空发动机上的安装结构

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2247400C2 (de) * 1972-09-27 1975-01-16 Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Vorrichtung zum Abblasen von verdichteter Luft aus einem Verdichter eines Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerks
US3809490A (en) 1973-05-02 1974-05-07 United Aircraft Corp Compressor surge sensor
DE2529422C3 (de) * 1975-07-02 1980-12-04 Alfons Schwarte Gmbh, 4730 Ahlen Vorrichtung zur Luftabscheidung bei der Übernahme von Milch aus Milchbehältern in Milchsammelbehälter, insbesondere Milchsammelwagen
US4574585A (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-03-11 General Motors Corporation Compressor bleed valve
US5477673A (en) 1994-08-10 1995-12-26 Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. Handling bleed valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0936357A2 (fr) 1999-08-18
JPH11287133A (ja) 1999-10-19
DE69912488T2 (de) 2004-08-12
EP0936357A3 (fr) 2001-01-10
DE69912488D1 (de) 2003-12-11

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