EP0916804A1 - Elément de coupe en diamant polycristallin - Google Patents

Elément de coupe en diamant polycristallin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0916804A1
EP0916804A1 EP97309188A EP97309188A EP0916804A1 EP 0916804 A1 EP0916804 A1 EP 0916804A1 EP 97309188 A EP97309188 A EP 97309188A EP 97309188 A EP97309188 A EP 97309188A EP 0916804 A1 EP0916804 A1 EP 0916804A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting element
drill bit
layer
carbide
diamond
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97309188A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gary Martin Flood
David Mark Johnson
Friedel Siegfried Knemeyer
Bradley Earl Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diamond Innovations Inc
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to EP97309188A priority Critical patent/EP0916804A1/fr
Publication of EP0916804A1 publication Critical patent/EP0916804A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5673—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5671—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts with chip breaking arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to implements incorporating abrasive particle compacts and more particularly to a novel stud-mounted domed abrasive compact ease of manufacture and novel interface geometry for improved attachment.
  • Such implements have special utility in drill bits for oil and gas exploration and in mining applications.
  • An abrasive particle compact is a polycrystalline mass of abrasive particles, such as diamond and/ or cubic boron nitride, bonded together to form an integral, tough, high-strength mass. Such components can be bonded together in a particle-to-particle self-bonded relationship, by means of a bonding medium disposed between the particles, or by combinations thereof. For example, see U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,136,615, 3.141,746, and 3,233,988.
  • a supported abrasive particle compact, herein termed a composite compact is an abrasive particle compact which is bonded to a substrate material, such as cemented tungsten carbide. Compacts of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,743,489, 3,745,623 ,and 3,767,371. The bond to the support can be formed either during or subsequent to the formation of the abrasive particle compact.
  • Drill bits for use in rock drilling, machining of wear resistant materials, and other operations which require high abrasion resistance or wear resistance generally consist of a plurality of polycrystalline abrasive cutting elements fixed in a holder.
  • U.S. Pats. Nos. 4,109,737 and 5,374,854 describe drill bits with a tungsten carbide stud (substrate) having a polycrystalline diamond compact on the outer surface of the cutting element.
  • a plurality of these cutting elements then are mounted generally by interference fit into recesses into the crown of a drill bit, such as a rotary drill bit.
  • the cutting element comprises an elongated pin of a metal carbide (stud) which may be either sintered or cemented carbide (such as tungsten carbide) with an abrasive particle compact (e.g., polycrystalline diamond) at one end of the pin for form a composite compact.
  • a metal carbide stud
  • cemented carbide such as tungsten carbide
  • abrasive particle compact e.g., polycrystalline diamond
  • the polycrystalline diamond layer covers the complete cutting surface of the abrasive cutting elements that are employed in a rotary drill, drag, percussion, or machining bits.
  • Rotary drill bits also are known as roller cones.
  • the diamond layer extends to the surface of the drill bit holding the cutting elements. This is shown in U.S. Pats. Nos. 4,109,737 and 5,329,854. Simply, the diamond layer covers the entire exposed (cutting) surface or radius of the exposed end of the cutting or abrading element.
  • the elements are ground on the outer diameter to very precise tolerances. This grinding can be readily achieved on the tungsten carbide portion of the abrading elements, but when the diamond layer is encountered, maintaining the required tolerances becomes much more difficult.
  • the grinding means used to machine the cutting elements is easily gouged by the polycrystalline diamond layer. As the grinding means then re-enters the tungsten carbide section of the cutter, these gouges leave undesirable streaks in the finish of the tungsten carbide.
  • the inventive cutting element includes a metal carbide stud having a proximal end adapted to be placed into a drill bit and a distal end portion. A layer of cutting polycrystalline abrasive material disposed over said distal end portion such that an annulus of metal carbide adjacent and above said drill bit is not covered by said abrasive material layer.
  • the geometry of the diamond cutting element provides control of interfacial stresses and reduces fabrication costs.
  • a pattern of ridges or bumps is integrally formed in the abrasive layer which ridges are designed to cause high localized stresses in the rock, thus starting a crack. By initiating cracks in localized areas, the crushing action could be performed with less force.
  • cutting element 10 is shown disposed in drill bit body 12 which is only partially shown. Cutting element 10 is interference fitted into a recess in bit body 12. Cutting element 10 is composed of polycrystalline diamond dome 14 affixed to carbide stud 16. Note, that diamond dome 14 does not cover all of the exposed hemispherical end of stud 16 that extends above outer surface 18 of stud 16, revealing carbide annulus 20. See Fig. 2 in this regard.
  • a critical and surprising feature is the exposure of a portion of the carbide substrate above the surface of the holder of the abrading or cutting element which substantially reduces finishing costs while reducing the incidences of defects in the diamond dome caused by conventional finishing operations, without expected degradation in cutting performance of cutting life of the novel cutting elements.
  • the surface of the polycrystalline diamond layer may be domed, hemispherical, hemispherical of reduced radius or hemispherical with a series of flats formed thereon.
  • the interface between the diamond dome and the carbide support stud similarly can take on a variety of configurations for improving the attachment between the diamond layer and the carbide support.
  • hemispherical includes hemispherical configurations that have a smooth as well as irregular outer surface.
  • diamond dome 32 is attached to carbide stud 34 revealing carbide annulus 36.
  • the outer end of stud 34 bears square grooves for improving the attachment of diamond dome 32 thereto.
  • a substantially plane saw-tooth end of carbide pin 64 forms the interface between it and diamond dome 62 wherein the carbide slopes upwardly away from drill body 12 at its interface with diamond dome 62.
  • Carbide annulus 66 still is present.
  • a substantially plane saw-tooth end of carbide pin 64 forms the interface between it and diamond dome 62 wherein the carbide slopes downwardly towards from drill body 12 at its interface with diamond dome 62.
  • Carbide annulus 66 still is present.
  • diamond dome 82 has pillar 88 that extends into carbide stud 84. Carbide annulus 86 still is revealed. Note, that pillar 88 may be formed from coarser diamond grit than the remainder of diamond dome 82.
  • carbide stud 94 contains square grooves 98a-c (see Fig. 10b) across its substantially flat outer surface for improving attachment to diamond dome 92.
  • Carbide annulus 96 still is present.
  • carbide stud 104 contains annular square grooves 108a-c (see Fig. 11b) across its substantially flat outer surface for improving attachment to diamond dome 102. Carbide annulus 106 still is present.
  • carbide stud 114 contains sinusoidal grooves 118a-c (see Fig. 12b) across its substantially flat outer surface for improving attachment to diamond dome 112. Carbide annulus 116 still is present.
  • carbide stud 124 contains sinusoidal annular grooves 128a-c (see Fig. 13b) across its substantially flat outer surface for improving attachment to diamond dome 122. Carbide annulus 126 still is present.
  • abrasive structure involving the formation of a pattern of ridges or bumps integrally formed in the abrasive layer which ridges as disclosed in commonly assigned application serial no. 08/645,398, cross-referenced above.
  • ridges are designed to cause high localized stresses in the rock, thus starting a crack. By initiating cracks in localized areas, the crushing action could be performed with less force. It also can be envisioned how larger cracks also may result in larger chips. Such action, by its very nature, would indicate better cutting efficiencies since the rock-to-rock bond breakage per volume of rock removed decreases.
  • abrasive dome 132 is seen to bear ridge 133 which is part of a spoked pattern as depicted at Fig. 15. Carbide annulus 136 still is present for carbide stud 134. A radial cross-section of ridge 133 is seen at Fig. 16. It is preferred that ridge 133 have an angle of 45° with respect to dome 132. The placement and pattern of the ridges will be determined by the specific application. Additional ridge patterns 143, 153, and 163 formed into abrasive domes 142, 152, and 162, respectively, are depicted at Figs. 17, 18, and 19, respectively.
  • Fig. 20 depicts a conventional roller cone drill bit composed of metal drill body 230 having threaded end 232 and three cutter cones 234 (thus, a tri-cone roller bit, as it sometimes in known in the field). Each cutter cone retains a plurality of cutter elements, cutting element 236 labeled for reference. Such cutting elements are those novel cutting elements of the present invention.
  • the polycrystalline dome layer preferably is polycrystalline diamond (PCD).
  • PCD polycrystalline diamond
  • other materials that are included within the scope of this invention are synthetic and natural diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), wurtzite boron nitride, combinations thereof, and like materials.
  • Polycrystalline diamond is the preferred polycrystalline layer.
  • the cemented metal carbide substrate is conventional in composition and, thus, may be include any of the Group IVB, VB, or VIB metals, which are pressed and sintered in the presence of a binder of cobalt, nickel or iron, or alloys thereof.
  • the preferred metal carbide is tungsten carbide.
  • the layer be essentially hemispherical. It is also preferred that the surface of the carbide substrate be undercut or pre-formed with an undercut such that the diamond layer is formed in the undercut portion of the carbide substrate.
  • the surface configuration of the diamond layer may also be conical, reduced or increased radius, chisel, or non-axisymmetric in shape.
  • all forms of tungsten carbide inserts used in the drilling industry may be enhanced by the addition of a diamond layer, and further improved by the current invention through elimination of diamond in part of the exposed outer diameter of the finishing cutting element when inserted in a bit.
  • the interface between the carbide and diamond layer may be of generally any configuration such as domed, hemispherical, reduced radius, flat, cone-shaped, etc.
  • the interface may also be smooth, serrated, or the like.
  • an irregular interfacial surface is preferred since it provides better bonding between the diamond layer and carbide substrate particularly during sintering of the carbide substrate and forming of the diamond layer.
  • the surface of the metal substrate is preferably undercut as shown in the drawings.
  • an important feature of the present invention is that part of the carbide substrate of the cutting element protrudes above the surface of the tool in which the cutting element is inserted, generally by interference fitting.
  • the unexpected benefits obtained during finishing operations are substantial. Concomitant therewith is the unexpected lack of deleterious consequences that would have been expected by virtue of the carbide annulus being exposed in the cutting area above the bit body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP97309188A 1997-11-14 1997-11-14 Elément de coupe en diamant polycristallin Withdrawn EP0916804A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97309188A EP0916804A1 (fr) 1997-11-14 1997-11-14 Elément de coupe en diamant polycristallin

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97309188A EP0916804A1 (fr) 1997-11-14 1997-11-14 Elément de coupe en diamant polycristallin

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0916804A1 true EP0916804A1 (fr) 1999-05-19

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EP (1) EP0916804A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5848657A (en) * 1996-12-27 1998-12-15 General Electric Company Polycrystalline diamond cutting element
EP1270118A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Turbolite AG Eléments de coupe
US9187962B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-11-17 Smith International, Inc. Methods of attaching rolling cutters in fixed cutter bits using sleeve, compression spring, and/or pin(s)/ball(s)
US9739097B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2017-08-22 Smith International, Inc. Polycrystalline diamond compact cutters with conic shaped end
US10926375B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2021-02-23 Gestion Anny Picard Inc. Pressure-fit grinding pad assembly and method of construction

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3136615A (en) 1960-10-03 1964-06-09 Gen Electric Compact of abrasive crystalline material with boron carbide bonding medium
US3141746A (en) 1960-10-03 1964-07-21 Gen Electric Diamond compact abrasive
US3233988A (en) 1964-05-19 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Cubic boron nitride compact and method for its production
US3743489A (en) 1971-07-01 1973-07-03 Gen Electric Abrasive bodies of finely-divided cubic boron nitride crystals
US3745623A (en) 1971-12-27 1973-07-17 Gen Electric Diamond tools for machining
US3767371A (en) 1971-07-01 1973-10-23 Gen Electric Cubic boron nitride/sintered carbide abrasive bodies
US4109737A (en) 1976-06-24 1978-08-29 General Electric Company Rotary drill bit
EP0322214A1 (fr) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Produit abrasif
EP0356097A2 (fr) * 1988-08-15 1990-02-28 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Elément rapporté pour outil
US4984642A (en) * 1989-05-17 1991-01-15 Societe Industrielle De Combustible Nucleaire Composite tool comprising a polycrystalline diamond active part
US5154245A (en) * 1990-04-19 1992-10-13 Sandvik Ab Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling
GB2270493A (en) * 1992-09-11 1994-03-16 Gen Electric Encapsulation of segmented diamond compact
US5329854A (en) 1989-11-21 1994-07-19 Sven Komstadius Projectile for the dispersal of a load with time delay
US5374854A (en) 1992-07-08 1994-12-20 Chen; Shih-Tsan Automatic switch for controlling electric appliances
WO1996003567A1 (fr) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Flowdril Corporation Outil et procede de forage a trepans fixes

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3136615A (en) 1960-10-03 1964-06-09 Gen Electric Compact of abrasive crystalline material with boron carbide bonding medium
US3141746A (en) 1960-10-03 1964-07-21 Gen Electric Diamond compact abrasive
US3233988A (en) 1964-05-19 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Cubic boron nitride compact and method for its production
US3743489A (en) 1971-07-01 1973-07-03 Gen Electric Abrasive bodies of finely-divided cubic boron nitride crystals
US3767371A (en) 1971-07-01 1973-10-23 Gen Electric Cubic boron nitride/sintered carbide abrasive bodies
US3745623A (en) 1971-12-27 1973-07-17 Gen Electric Diamond tools for machining
US4109737A (en) 1976-06-24 1978-08-29 General Electric Company Rotary drill bit
EP0322214A1 (fr) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Produit abrasif
EP0356097A2 (fr) * 1988-08-15 1990-02-28 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Elément rapporté pour outil
US4984642A (en) * 1989-05-17 1991-01-15 Societe Industrielle De Combustible Nucleaire Composite tool comprising a polycrystalline diamond active part
US5329854A (en) 1989-11-21 1994-07-19 Sven Komstadius Projectile for the dispersal of a load with time delay
US5154245A (en) * 1990-04-19 1992-10-13 Sandvik Ab Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling
US5374854A (en) 1992-07-08 1994-12-20 Chen; Shih-Tsan Automatic switch for controlling electric appliances
GB2270493A (en) * 1992-09-11 1994-03-16 Gen Electric Encapsulation of segmented diamond compact
WO1996003567A1 (fr) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Flowdril Corporation Outil et procede de forage a trepans fixes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5848657A (en) * 1996-12-27 1998-12-15 General Electric Company Polycrystalline diamond cutting element
EP1270118A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Turbolite AG Eléments de coupe
US9187962B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-11-17 Smith International, Inc. Methods of attaching rolling cutters in fixed cutter bits using sleeve, compression spring, and/or pin(s)/ball(s)
US9739097B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2017-08-22 Smith International, Inc. Polycrystalline diamond compact cutters with conic shaped end
US10926375B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2021-02-23 Gestion Anny Picard Inc. Pressure-fit grinding pad assembly and method of construction

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