EP0915491B1 - Switch with a temperature sensitive switching mechanism - Google Patents
Switch with a temperature sensitive switching mechanism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0915491B1 EP0915491B1 EP98117532A EP98117532A EP0915491B1 EP 0915491 B1 EP0915491 B1 EP 0915491B1 EP 98117532 A EP98117532 A EP 98117532A EP 98117532 A EP98117532 A EP 98117532A EP 0915491 B1 EP0915491 B1 EP 0915491B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- switch
- switching mechanism
- housing part
- housing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
- H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H81/00—Protective switches in which contacts are normally closed but are repeatedly opened and reclosed as long as a condition causing excess current persists, e.g. for current limiting
- H01H81/02—Protective switches in which contacts are normally closed but are repeatedly opened and reclosed as long as a condition causing excess current persists, e.g. for current limiting electrothermally operated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switch with a housing receiving a temperature-dependent switching mechanism, which has a first housing part, at the inner bottom of which a first external terminal connected to a first electrode is disposed, and a first housing part occlusive second housing part having one with a second external terminal connected second electrode, wherein the switching mechanism depending on its temperature establishes an electrically conductive connection between the first and the second electrode, and in the housing, a series resistor is geometrically and electrically arranged between the switching mechanism and one of the two electrodes, wherein the switch Ceramic support comprises, pointing to the rear derailleur to one of the two electrodes is arranged and carries the series resistor which is connected at one end to the electrode and the other end to a counter-contact for the rear derailleur.
- the known switch has a trough-shaped lower part made of electrically conductive material, whose bottom serves as an electrode.
- a ceramic carrier On the floor is a ceramic carrier, on the u.a. a series resistor is arranged, which is through-contacted by the ceramic carrier, so that it is connected on the one hand to the bottom, ie the first electrode, and on the other hand with a mating contact for a switch arranged in the switching mechanism.
- the known switch acts as a changeover switch, so that it carries current in its two switching positions.
- the known switch is very expensive because of this switching function, it contains several electrically conductive or electrically insulating parts, which also require a complex assembly.
- the first housing part is made of insulating material, in which the first electrode is embedded by encapsulation or encapsulation as an integral part.
- This first housing part is closed by a second housing part in the form of a base made of electrically conductive material, the inside of which acts as a second electrode.
- Both electrodes are, so to speak, disc-shaped sheet-metal parts, on which are integrally formed lugs which serve as external connections of the switch.
- the bottom part rests on a shoulder of the first housing part and is held by a H Schover Weggten ring at this.
- a conventional bimetallic switching mechanism is arranged in the interior of the housing thus formed, the spring washer is supported with its edge on the bottom part and presses the movable contact member carried by it below the switching temperature against an inwardly projecting mating contact on the other electrode.
- a bimetallic snap disk is slipped, which is free of forces below its switching temperature and at a temperature increase beyond its switching point, the movable contact member against the force of the spring washer of the Counter-contact lifts and thereby opens the electrical connection between the two external connections.
- the well-known switch described so far is extremely robust and has very small external dimensions, which is why it is not only universally applicable, but especially where little mounting space is available, e.g. in coils of transformers or electric motors.
- About the bottom part of this switch is thermally coupled very well to a device to be monitored, so that a temperature increase of the device is transmitted directly into the interior of the switch and there leads to a corresponding increase in the temperature of the bimetallic snap disk.
- Such switches are connected in series between the device to be protected and a power supply, so that the operating current of the device to be protected flows through the switch, which consequently shuts off this current at an impermissible temperature increase.
- This protective function of a switch with temperature-dependent switching mechanism is called "current-dependent" switching and thereby causes a series resistor to be connected in series with the switching mechanism, which is also traversed by the operating current of the device to be protected.
- This series resistor and its thermal coupling to the switch performs a certain current flow through the switch and thus the series resistance to the development of a certain amount of heat, in turn, the switch and thus the bimetallic snap disk heated.
- An upper limit for the operating current can thus be predetermined via the resistance value. If the operating current exceeds this value, the bimetallic snap-action disc is raised beyond its switching temperature due to the heat developed in the series resistor so that the switch already opens before the device to be protected has warmed inadmissibly.
- Such a switch is known from DE 43 36 564 A1.
- This switch initially comprises an encapsulated bimetallic switching mechanism housed in a two-part metal housing, as known, for example, from DE 21 21 802 A1.
- This encapsulated switch is now arranged on a ceramic carrier, on which a thick-film resistor is present, which is connected via conductor tracks to the conductive lower part of the encapsulated switching mechanism.
- the other end of the resistor is connected to a solder pad to which a first pigtail is soldered.
- the second pigtail is soldered to the electrically conductive cover part of the encapsulated switching mechanism.
- the ceramic carrier can not be loaded mechanically; during transport as bulk material, hairline cracks occur which can only be detected with a microscope during an incoming inspection. By soldering the wire to the ceramic carrier often dissolve the tracks. Due to this problem, an increased control and testing effort is required, which drives the pricing of the product in the appropriate amount.
- Another disadvantage is the low pressure stability of this construction, which is not suitable for wrapping in windings of transformers or electric motors.
- this known switch has found wide application because the application of a resistor of defined resistance on a ceramic carrier is a well-controlled technique; Thick film resistors used.
- the first housing part is made of insulating material in which the first electrode is held captive, wherein the first electrode on the Rear derailleur facing planar surface, to which the ceramic carrier attached and with the series resistor is electrically connected.
- the ceramic carrier has at least one preferably laser-punched through-hole through which it is soldered to the electrode and the series resistor is electrically connected thereto.
- This measure is structurally advantageous, because it is only one operation required to produce both the mechanical and the electrical connection.
- the laser-punched through holes are made with a secure process in which the ceramic carrier does not jump, so that in the art in connection with ceramic carriers and their processing repeatedly occurring high waste is avoided.
- these ceramic carriers can be delivered magaziniert instead of bulk material to avoid further damage to the ceramic carrier.
- the first electrode is held captive in the first housing part by casting or encapsulation in the manufacture of this housing part such that it is an integral part of this housing part, wherein more preferably the second housing part is an electrically conductive bottom part whose inner bottom acts as a second electrode.
- the switching mechanism comprises an electrically conductive spring washer which carries a movable contact member and operates against a bimetallic snap disk, which sits approximately centrally on the movable contact part, wherein the spring washer is supported with its edge on the one electrode and the movable contact member presses against the other electrode when the derailleur is below its response temperature.
- a new switch 10 is shown in a schematic side view, which includes a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 11 which is arranged in a housing 12.
- the housing 12 has an electrically conductive bottom part 14 and a cup-like cover part 15 of insulating material, which includes an annular space 16, in which the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 11 is inserted.
- the derailleur 11 comprises a movable contact member 17 which is supported by a spring washer 18 and over which a bimetallic snap disk 19 is placed.
- the electrically conductive bottom part 14 forms with its inside an electrode 20, on which the spring washer 18 is supported with its edge 21.
- the bottom part 14 merges integrally into a first outer terminal 22, which is thus electrically conductively connected to the spring washer 18 and thus to the movable contact part 17.
- a second external terminal 23 of the switch 10 is integrally connected to an over-molded electrode 24 disposed on an inner bottom 15 a of the lid member 15.
- the lid part 15 is injected around the electrode 24, so that it is captively embedded in the lid part 15.
- the arrangement is made such that the electrode 24 has a facing to the rear derailleur 11 flat surface 25 to which a ceramic disc 26 is arranged, which carries a fixed counter-contact 27 for the movable contact part 17.
- the ceramic disk 26 has laser-punched passages 28, by means of which it is fastened to the electrode 24 with the aid of soldering points 29. In a manner to be described, a series resistor is arranged between the soldering points 29 and the mating contact 27.
- the electrode 24 with its plane surface 25 in an annular space 30 has, in the after insertion of the electrode 24 in the lid part 15, the ceramic disc 26 is inserted, whereupon then by the solder points 29 both a mechanical and a electrical connection to the electrode 24 is made. Thereafter, the rear derailleur 11 is inserted into the annular space 16, whereupon then the bottom part 14 is placed and secured by an edge 31 and retaining pin 32 on the lid member 15.
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of the switch of Fig. 1 is shown, where now a series resistor 34 is schematically indicated, which is electrically connected via a conductor 35 to the fixed counter-contact 27 and via tracks 36 and 37 with the solder pads 29.
- the series resistor 34 is a conventional thick-film resistor which is placed on the ceramic disk 26 by known and well-controlled techniques, with its resistance value adjusted as precisely as desired, whereby the operating current for switching the switch 10 can be accurately preselected.
- the series resistor 34 arranged on the ceramic disk 26 is arranged both electrically and geometrically between the electrode 24 and the switching mechanism 11 in the interior of the housing 12.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Schalter mit einem ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk aufnehmendem Gehäuse, das ein erstes Gehäuseteil, an dessen innerem Boden eine mit einem ersten Außenanschluß verbundene erste Elektrode angeordnet ist, sowie ein das erste Gehäuseteil verschließendes zweites Gehäuseteil aufweist, das eine mit einem zweiten Außenanschluß verbundene zweite Elektrode umfaßt, wobei das Schaltwerk in Abhängigkeit von seiner Temperatur eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Elektrode herstellt, und in dem Gehäuse geometrisch und elektrisch zwischen dem Schaltwerk und einer der beiden Elektroden ein Serienwiderstand angeordnet ist, wobei der Schalter einen Keramikträger umfaßt, der auf das Schaltwerk zu weisend an einer der beiden Elektroden angeordnet ist und den Serienwiderstand trägt, der einen Endes mit der Elektrode und anderen Endes mit einem Gegenkontakt für das Schaltwerk verbunden ist.The present invention relates to a switch with a housing receiving a temperature-dependent switching mechanism, which has a first housing part, at the inner bottom of which a first external terminal connected to a first electrode is disposed, and a first housing part occlusive second housing part having one with a second external terminal connected second electrode, wherein the switching mechanism depending on its temperature establishes an electrically conductive connection between the first and the second electrode, and in the housing, a series resistor is geometrically and electrically arranged between the switching mechanism and one of the two electrodes, wherein the switch Ceramic support comprises, pointing to the rear derailleur to one of the two electrodes is arranged and carries the series resistor which is connected at one end to the electrode and the other end to a counter-contact for the rear derailleur.
Ein derartiger Schalter ist aus der EP 0 756 301 A2 bekannt.Such a switch is known from EP 0 756 301 A2.
Der bekannte Schalter weist ein trogförmiges Unterteil aus elektrisch leitendem Material auf, dessen Boden als Elektrode dient. Auf dem Boden liegt ein Keramikträger, an dem u.a. ein Serienwiderstand angeordnet ist, der durch den Keramikträger durchkontaktiert ist, so daß er einerseits mit dem Boden, also der ersten Elektrode, und andererseits mit einem Gegenkontakt für ein in dem Schalter angeordnetes Schaltwerk verbunden ist.The known switch has a trough-shaped lower part made of electrically conductive material, whose bottom serves as an electrode. On the floor is a ceramic carrier, on the u.a. a series resistor is arranged, which is through-contacted by the ceramic carrier, so that it is connected on the one hand to the bottom, ie the first electrode, and on the other hand with a mating contact for a switch arranged in the switching mechanism.
In dem Unterteil sitzt ein ringförmiges Isolierteil mit einer Schulter, auf der ein elektrisch leitendes Deckelteil angeordnet ist, das ebenfalls einen Gegenkontakt für das Schaltwerk aufweist. An dem Deckelteil ist der zweite Außenanschluß des Schalters befestigt.In the lower part sits an annular insulating part with a shoulder on which an electrically conductive cover part is arranged, which also has a mating contact for the rear derailleur. On the cover part of the second outer terminal of the switch is attached.
Auf diese Weise wirkt der bekannte Schalter als Umschalter, so daß er in seinen beiden Schaltstellungen Strom führt.In this way, the known switch acts as a changeover switch, so that it carries current in its two switching positions.
Der bekannte Schalter ist wegen dieser Umschaltfunktion sehr aufwendig aufgebaut, er enthält mehrere elektrisch leitende bzw. elektrisch isolierende Teile, die zudem einen aufwendigen Zusammenbau bedingen.The known switch is very expensive because of this switching function, it contains several electrically conductive or electrically insulating parts, which also require a complex assembly.
Bei einem weiteren, aus der DE 196 09 310 A1 bekannten Schalter ist das erste Gehäuseteil aus Isoliermaterial gefertigt, in das die erste Elektrode durch Umspritzen oder Vergießen als integraler Bestandteil eingebettet ist. Dieses erste Gehäuseteil wird durch ein zweites Gehäuseteil in Form eines aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehenden Bodens verschlossen, dessen Innenseite als zweite Elektrode wirkt.In another, known from DE 196 09 310 A1 switch, the first housing part is made of insulating material, in which the first electrode is embedded by encapsulation or encapsulation as an integral part. This first housing part is closed by a second housing part in the form of a base made of electrically conductive material, the inside of which acts as a second electrode.
Beide Elektroden sind sozusagen scheibenförmige Blechteile, an denen einstückig Ansätze ausgebildet sind, die als Außenanschlüsse des Schalters dienen. Das Bodenteil liegt dabei auf einer Schulter des ersten Gehäuseteiles auf und wird durch einen heißverprägten Ring an diesem gehalten.Both electrodes are, so to speak, disc-shaped sheet-metal parts, on which are integrally formed lugs which serve as external connections of the switch. The bottom part rests on a shoulder of the first housing part and is held by a Heißverprägten ring at this.
Zwischen den beiden Elektroden ist im Inneren des so gebildeten Gehäuses ein übliches Bimetall-Schaltwerk angeordnet, dessen Federscheibe sich mit ihrem Rand auf dem Bodenteil abstützt und das von ihr getragene bewegliche Kontaktteil unterhalb der Schalttemperatur gegen einen nach innen vorspringenden Gegenkontakt an der anderen Elektrode drückt. Über das bewegliche Kontaktteil ist wie üblich eine Bimetall-Schnappscheibe gestülpt, die unterhalb ihrer Schalttemperatur kräftefrei ist und bei einer Temperaturerhöhung über ihren Schaltpunkt hinaus das bewegliche Kontaktteil gegen die Kraft der Federscheibe von dem Gegenkontakt abhebt und dadurch die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den beiden Außenanschlüssen öffnet.Between the two electrodes, a conventional bimetallic switching mechanism is arranged in the interior of the housing thus formed, the spring washer is supported with its edge on the bottom part and presses the movable contact member carried by it below the switching temperature against an inwardly projecting mating contact on the other electrode. About the movable contact part as usual, a bimetallic snap disk is slipped, which is free of forces below its switching temperature and at a temperature increase beyond its switching point, the movable contact member against the force of the spring washer of the Counter-contact lifts and thereby opens the electrical connection between the two external connections.
Der insoweit beschriebene, bekannte Schalter ist äußerst robust und weist sehr geringe Außenabmaße auf, weshalb er nicht nur universell sondern insbesondere dort einsetzbar ist, wo wenig Montageraum zur Verfügung steht, also z.B. in Spulen von Transformatoren oder Elektromotoren. Über das Bodenteil ist dieser Schalter an ein zu überwachendes Gerät thermisch sehr gut angekoppelt, so daß eine Temperaturerhöhung des Gerätes sich unmittelbar in das Innere des Schalters überträgt und dort zu einer entsprechenden Erhöhung der Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe führt. Derartige Schalter werden in Reihe zwischen das zu schützende Gerät sowie eine Stromversorgung geschaltet, so daß der Betriebsstrom des zu schützenden Gerätes durch den Schalter fließt, der diesen Strom bei einer unzulässigen Temperaturerhöhung folglich abschaltet.The well-known switch described so far is extremely robust and has very small external dimensions, which is why it is not only universally applicable, but especially where little mounting space is available, e.g. in coils of transformers or electric motors. About the bottom part of this switch is thermally coupled very well to a device to be monitored, so that a temperature increase of the device is transmitted directly into the interior of the switch and there leads to a corresponding increase in the temperature of the bimetallic snap disk. Such switches are connected in series between the device to be protected and a power supply, so that the operating current of the device to be protected flows through the switch, which consequently shuts off this current at an impermissible temperature increase.
Häufig ist es jedoch erforderlich, neben der Temperatur des zu schützenden Gerätes auch den Betriebsstrom auf die Einhaltung einer bestimmten Obergrenze hin zu überwachen, um das Gerät bereits vor Einsetzen der Temperaturerhöhung abschalten zu können. Insbesondere bei Elektromotoren kommt es nämlich häufig vor, daß aufgrund äußerer Einwirkungen der Rotor steht bzw. sich nur sehr langsam dreht, was zunächst zu einer Erhöhung des Betriebsstromes führt, was wiederum eine Erhöhung der Temperatur des Gerätes zur Folge hat. Wenn jetzt bereits der erhöhte Stromfluß zu einem Abschalten des Gerätes führt, so wird die unzulässige Temperaturerhöhung ganz vermieden, was natürlich von Vorteil ist.Often, however, it is necessary to monitor in addition to the temperature of the device to be protected and the operating current to maintain a certain upper limit in order to turn off the device before the onset of temperature increase can. In particular, in electric motors, it often happens that due to external influences of the rotor is or rotates only very slowly, which initially leads to an increase in the operating current, which in turn has an increase in the temperature of the device result. If now already the increased current flow leads to a shutdown of the device, the unacceptable increase in temperature is completely avoided, which of course is beneficial.
Diese Schutzfunktion eines Schalters mit temperaturabhängigem Schaltwerk wird "stromabhängiges" Schalten genannt und dadurch bewirkt, daß zu dem Schaltwerk ein Serienwiderstand in Reihe geschaltet wird, der ebenfalls von dem Betriebsstrom des zu schützenden Gerätes durchflossen wird. Durch die Wahl des Widerstandswertes dieses Serienwiderstandes sowie dessen thermische Ankopplung an den Schalter führt ein bestimmter Stromfluß durch den Schalter und damit den Serienwiderstand zur Entwicklung einer bestimmten Wärmemenge, die wiederum den Schalter und damit die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe definiert erwärmt. Über den Widerstandswert kann damit eine obere Grenze für den Betriebsstrom vorbestimmt werden. Übersteigt der Betriebsstrom diesen Wert, so wird durch die in dem Serienwiderstand entwikkelte Wärme die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe über ihre Schalttemperatur hinaus erhöht, so daß der Schalter sich bereits öffnet, bevor das zu schützende Gerät sich unzulässig erwärmt hat.This protective function of a switch with temperature-dependent switching mechanism is called "current-dependent" switching and thereby causes a series resistor to be connected in series with the switching mechanism, which is also traversed by the operating current of the device to be protected. By choosing the resistance value of this series resistor and its thermal coupling to the switch performs a certain current flow through the switch and thus the series resistance to the development of a certain amount of heat, in turn, the switch and thus the bimetallic snap disk heated. An upper limit for the operating current can thus be predetermined via the resistance value. If the operating current exceeds this value, the bimetallic snap-action disc is raised beyond its switching temperature due to the heat developed in the series resistor so that the switch already opens before the device to be protected has warmed inadmissibly.
Ein derartiger Schalter ist aus der DE 43 36 564 A1 bekannt. Dieser Schalter umfaßt zunächst ein gekapseltes Bimetall-Schaltwerk, das in einem zweiteiligen Metallgehäuse untergebracht ist, wie es bspw. aus der DE 21 21 802 A1 bekannt ist.Such a switch is known from DE 43 36 564 A1. This switch initially comprises an encapsulated bimetallic switching mechanism housed in a two-part metal housing, as known, for example, from DE 21 21 802 A1.
Dieser gekapselte Schalter ist nun auf einem Keramikträger angeordnet, auf dem ein Dickschichtwiderstand vorhanden ist, der über Leiterbahnen mit dem leitenden Unterteil des gekapselten Schaltwerkes verbunden ist. Das andere Ende des Widerstandes ist mit einem Lötfleck verbunden, an den eine erste Anschlußlitze angelötet wird. Die zweite Anschlußlitze ist an das elektrisch leitende Deckelteil des gekapselten Schaltwerkes angelötet.This encapsulated switch is now arranged on a ceramic carrier, on which a thick-film resistor is present, which is connected via conductor tracks to the conductive lower part of the encapsulated switching mechanism. The other end of the resistor is connected to a solder pad to which a first pigtail is soldered. The second pigtail is soldered to the electrically conductive cover part of the encapsulated switching mechanism.
Obwohl der bekannte Schalter zufriedenstellend ein stromabhängiges Schalten ermöglicht und gleichzeitig eine Temperaturüberwachung erlaubt, weist er doch eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf.Although the known switch satisfactorily enables current-dependent switching and at the same time permits temperature monitoring, it nevertheless has a number of disadvantages.
Zum einen ist der Keramikträger mechanisch nicht belastbar, beim Transport als Schüttgut treten Haarrisse auf, die bei einer Eingangskontrolle nur mit einem Mikroskop erkannt werden können. Durch das Anlöten der Litze an den Keramikträger lösen sich häufig die Leiterbahnen. Durch diese Problematik ist ein erhöhter Kontroll- und Prüfaufwand erforderlich, der die Preisbildung des Produktes in entsprechende Höhe treibt. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist die geringe Druckstabilität dieser Konstruktion, die für ein Einwickeln in Wicklungen von Transformatoren oder Elektromotoren nicht geeignet ist.On the one hand, the ceramic carrier can not be loaded mechanically; during transport as bulk material, hairline cracks occur which can only be detected with a microscope during an incoming inspection. By soldering the wire to the ceramic carrier often dissolve the tracks. Due to this problem, an increased control and testing effort is required, which drives the pricing of the product in the appropriate amount. Another disadvantage is the low pressure stability of this construction, which is not suitable for wrapping in windings of transformers or electric motors.
Andererseits findet dieser bekannte Schalter weite Anwendung, weil die Aufbringung eines Widerstandes mit definiertem Widerstandswert auf einem Keramikträger eine gut beherrschte Technik ist, hier werden z.B. Dickschichtwiderstände verwendet.On the other hand, this known switch has found wide application because the application of a resistor of defined resistance on a ceramic carrier is a well-controlled technique; Thick film resistors used.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, den eingangs genannten Schalter derart weiterzubilden, daß er auf konstruktiv einfache Weise mit einem Serienwiderstand für stromabhängiges Schalten versehen wird.Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to develop the aforementioned switch such that it is provided in a structurally simple manner with a series resistor for current-dependent switching.
Bei dem eingangs genannten Schalter wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das erste Gehäuseteil aus Isoliermaterial gefertigt ist, in dem die erste Elektrode unverlierbar gehalten ist, wobei die erste Elektrode eine auf das Schaltwerk zu weisende Planfläche aufweist, an der der Keramikträger befestigt und mit der der Serienwiderstand elektrisch verbunden ist.In the switch mentioned above, this object is achieved in that the first housing part is made of insulating material in which the first electrode is held captive, wherein the first electrode on the Rear derailleur facing planar surface, to which the ceramic carrier attached and with the series resistor is electrically connected.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird auf diese Weise vollkommen gelöst.The problem underlying the invention is completely solved in this way.
Es sind kaum Änderungen an der Konstruktion sowie beim Produktionsablauf des aus der DE 196 09 310 A1 bekannten Schalters erforderlich, um diesen mit einem Serienwiderstand für stromabhängiges Schalten zu versehen. Statt des bisherigen vorspringenden Gegenkontaktes wird jetzt eine Planfläche verwendet, auf die der Keramikträger aufgelegt wird. Wegen der planen Auflage wird der Keramikträger mechanisch durch das Schaltwerk kaum belastet, so daß dieser einschließlich des auf ihm vorgesehenen Serienwiderstandes sowie des auf ihm angeordneten Gegenkontaktes keine größere Dicke aufweisen muß als der Gegenkontakt bei dem Schalter aus dem Stand der Technik. Dies bedeutet jedoch, daß der Schalter seine ursprünglichen Abmaße beibehalten kann, wobei lediglich die erste Elektrode eine andere Form aufweisen muß, statt des Gegenkontaktes ist an ihr eine Planfläche vorzusehen, an der der Keramikträger befestigt wird. Der Keramikträger kann dabei eine Durchkontaktierung für den Serienwiderstand aufweisen und so auf die Planfläche aufgeklebt werden, daß die Durchkontaktierung gleichzeitig mit dieser Elektrode elektrisch kontaktiert wird.There are hardly any changes to the design and the production process of the known from DE 196 09 310 A1 switch required to provide this with a series resistance for current-dependent switching. Instead of the previous projecting mating contact now a plane surface is used, on which the ceramic carrier is placed. Because of the flat support of the ceramic carrier is mechanically hardly burdened by the rear derailleur so that it must have no greater thickness than the mating contact in the switch of the prior art, including the series resistance provided on it and the counter contact arranged on it. However, this means that the switch can maintain its original dimensions, wherein only the first electrode must have a different shape, instead of the mating contact is to provide a flat surface on which the ceramic substrate is attached. The ceramic carrier may have a through-hole for the series resistance and be glued to the flat surface, that the via is electrically contacted simultaneously with this electrode.
Andererseits ist es jedoch bevorzugt, wenn der Keramikträger zumindest ein vorzugsweise lasergelochtes Durchgangsloch auf weist, durch das hindurch er an die Elektrode angelötet und der Serienwiderstand elektrisch mit dieser verbunden wird.On the other hand, however, it is preferred if the ceramic carrier has at least one preferably laser-punched through-hole through which it is soldered to the electrode and the series resistor is electrically connected thereto.
Diese Maßnahme ist konstruktiv von Vorteil, es ist nämlich nur ein Arbeitsgang erforderlich, um sowohl die mechanische als auch die elektrische Verbindung herzustellen. Die lasergelochten Durchgangslöcher werden mit einem gesicherten Verfahren hergestellt, bei dem der Keramikträger nicht springt, so daß der im Stand der Technik im Zusammenhang mit Keramikträgern und deren Weiterverarbeitung immer wieder auftretende hohe Ausschuß vermieden wird. Zusätzlich können diese Keramikträger statt als Schüttgut noch magaziniert angeliefert werden, um weitere Beschädigungen der Keramikträger zu vermeiden.This measure is structurally advantageous, because it is only one operation required to produce both the mechanical and the electrical connection. The laser-punched through holes are made with a secure process in which the ceramic carrier does not jump, so that in the art in connection with ceramic carriers and their processing repeatedly occurring high waste is avoided. In addition, these ceramic carriers can be delivered magaziniert instead of bulk material to avoid further damage to the ceramic carrier.
Allgemein ist es bevorzugt, wenn die erste Elektrode in dem ersten Gehäuseteil durch Vergießen oder Umspritzen bei der Herstellung dieses Gehäuseteiles derart unverlierbar gehalten ist, daß sie integraler Bestandteil dieses Gehäuseteiles ist, wobei weiter vorzugsweise das zweite Gehäuseteil ein elektrisch leitendes Bodenteil ist, dessen innerer Boden als zweite Elektrode wirkt.In general, it is preferred if the first electrode is held captive in the first housing part by casting or encapsulation in the manufacture of this housing part such that it is an integral part of this housing part, wherein more preferably the second housing part is an electrically conductive bottom part whose inner bottom acts as a second electrode.
Diese Maßnahmen sind an sich bei dem eingangs genannten Schalter bereits verwirklicht, sie ermöglichen ein sehr druckfestes, leicht zu fertigendes Gehäuse mit geringem Abmaßen. In das aus Isoliermaterial gefertigte Gehäuseteil, in das die erste Elektrode eingebettet ist, muß jetzt lediglich noch der Keramikträger eingelegt werden, der dann mit der Planfläche verklebt oder verlötet wird, wodurch gleichzeitig die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Serienwiderstand und der ersten Elektrode hergestellt wird.These measures are already realized in the switch mentioned above, they allow a very pressure-resistant, easy to manufacture housing with small dimensions. In the made of insulating housing part in which the first electrode is embedded, now only the ceramic carrier must be inserted, which is then glued or soldered to the planar surface, whereby at the same time the electrical connection between the series resistor and the first electrode is made.
Dabei ist es weiter bevorzugt, wenn das Schaltwerk eine elektrisch leitende Federscheibe umfaßt, die ein bewegliches Kontaktteil trägt und gegen eine Bimetall-Schnappscheibe arbeitet, die etwa mittig auf dem beweglichen Kontaktteil sitzt, wobei sich die Federscheibe mit ihrem Rand an der einen Elektrode abstützt und das bewegliche Kontaktteil gegen die andere Elektrode drückt, wenn sich das Schaltwerk unterhalb seiner Ansprechtemperatur befindet.It is further preferred if the switching mechanism comprises an electrically conductive spring washer which carries a movable contact member and operates against a bimetallic snap disk, which sits approximately centrally on the movable contact part, wherein the spring washer is supported with its edge on the one electrode and the movable contact member presses against the other electrode when the derailleur is below its response temperature.
Diese Maßnahme ist an sich ebenfalls bekannt, sie ermöglicht ein sich selbst ausrichtendes Bimetall-Schaltwerk, bei dem die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe unterhalb ihrer Schalttemperatur kräftefrei ist, so daß sich die Schalttemperatur durch mechanische Belastung nicht verschieben kann. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Keramikträger ergibt sich hier der weitere Vorteil der einfachen Kontaktierung des serienwiderstandes. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist dieser nämlich einen Endes mit der ersten Elektrode und anderen Endes mit einem Gegenkontakt verbunden, auf den die Federscheibe das bewegliche Kontaktteil drückt, so daß der Serienwiderstand elektrisch in Reihe zwischen die erste Elektrode und die Federscheibe geschaltet ist, die wiederum mit der zweiten Elektrode verbunden ist, so daß zwischen den beiden Außenanschlüssen des Schalters nun eine Reihenschaltung aus Serienwiderstand und Bimetall-Schaltwerk angeordnet ist.This measure is also known per se, it allows a self-aligning bimetallic switching mechanism, in which the bimetallic snap disk is free of forces below its switching temperature, so that the switching temperature can not move due to mechanical stress. In connection with the ceramic carrier here is the further advantage of easy contacting of the series resistance. As already mentioned, this is in fact one end connected to the first electrode and the other end with a mating contact on which the spring washer presses the movable contact part, so that the series resistor is electrically connected in series between the first electrode and the spring washer, which in turn the second electrode is connected, so that between the two outer terminals of the switch now a series circuit of series resistance and bimetallic switching mechanism is arranged.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beigefügten Zeichnung.Other features and advantages will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained not only in the combination given, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der beigefügten Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- den neuen Schalter in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung in Seitenansicht; und
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf den Schalter aus Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- the new switch in a schematic sectional view in side view; and
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of the switch of FIG. 1.
In Fig. 1 ist in einer schematischen Seitenansicht ein neuer Schalter 10 dargestellt, der ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk 11 umfaßt, das in einem Gehäuse 12 angeordnet ist.In Fig. 1, a
Das Gehäuse 12 weist ein elektrisch leitendes Bodenteil 14 sowie ein becherartiges Deckelteil 15 aus Isoliermaterial auf, das einen Ringraum 16 beinhaltet, in den das temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk 11 eingelegt ist.The
Das Schaltwerk 11 umfaßt ein bewegliches Kontaktteil 17, das von einer Federscheibe 18 getragen wird und über das eine Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 19 gelegt ist.The
Das elektrisch leitende Bodenteil 14 bildet mit seiner Innenseite eine Elektrode 20, auf der sich die Federscheibe 18 mit ihrem Rand 21 abstützt. Das Bodenteil 14 geht integral in einen ersten Außenanschluß 22 über, der somit elektrisch leitend mit der Federscheibe 18 und damit mit dem beweglichen Kontaktteil 17 verbunden ist.The electrically conductive
Ein zweiter Außenanschluß 23 des Schalters 10 ist integral mit einer umspritzten Elektrode 24 verbunden, die an einem inneren Boden 15a des Deckelteiles 15 angeordnet ist. Das Deckelteil 15 wird um die Elektrode 24 herum gespritzt, so daß diese unverlierbar in das Deckelteil 15 eingebettet ist. Die Anordnung ist dabei so getroffen, daß die Elektrode 24 eine auf das Schaltwerk 11 zu weisende Planfläche 25 aufweist, an der eine Keramikscheibe 26 angeordnet ist, die einen festen Gegenkontakt 27 für das bewegliche Kontaktteil 17 trägt.A second
Die Keramikscheibe 26 weist lasergelochte Durchgänge 28 auf, über die sie mit Hilfe von Lötpunkten 29 an der Elektrode 24 befestigt ist. In noch zu beschreibender Weise ist zwischen den Lötpunkten 29 sowie dem Gegenkontakt 27 ein Serienwiderstand angeordnet.The
Durch diese Anordnung liegt zwischen den beiden Außenanschlüsse 22, 23 eine Reihenschaltung aus Schaltwerk 11 sowie Serienwiderstand. In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Schaltzustand befindet sich die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 19 unterhalb ihrer Schalttemperatur, so daß die Federscheibe 18 das bewegliche Kontaktteil 17 gegen den festen Gegenkontakt 27 drückt, so daß ein das Schaltwerk 10 durchfließender Betriebsstrom eines zu schützenden elektrischen Gerätes den Serienwiderstand durchfließt und aufheizt. In Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstandswert des Serienwiderstandes sowie der Stärke des fließenden Stromes erhitzt die in dem Serienwiderstand entwickelte Ohm'sche Wärme die in Fig. 1 kräftefreie Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 19 soweit, daß sie gegen die Kraft der Federscheibe 18 das bewegliche Kontaktteil 17 von dem festen Gegenkontakt 27 abhebt und den Strom somit unterbricht.By this arrangement is between the two
Es sei noch erwähnt, daß die Elektrode 24 mit ihrer Planfläche 25 in einen Ringraum 30 hinein weist, in den nach dem Einspritzen der Elektrode 24 in das Deckelteil 15 die Keramikscheibe 26 eingelegt wird, woraufhin dann durch die Lötpunkte 29 sowohl eine mechanische als auch eine elektrische Verbindung zu der Elektrode 24 hergestellt wird. Danach wird das Schaltwerk 11 in den Ringraum 16 eingelegt, woraufhin dann das Bodenteil 14 aufgelegt und durch einen Rand 31 sowie Haltezapfen 32 an dem Dekkelteil 15 befestigt wird.It should be noted that the
In Fig. 2 ist eine Draufsicht auf den Schalter aus Fig. 1 gezeigt, wo jetzt auch ein Serienwiderstand 34 schematisch angedeutet ist, der über eine Leiterbahn 35 mit dem festen Gegenkontakt 27 sowie über Leiterbahnen 36 und 37 mit den Lötpunkten 29 elektrisch verbunden ist. Der Serienwiderstand 34 ist ein üblicher Dickschichtwiderstand, der mittels bekannter und gut beherrschter Techniken auf der Keramikscheibe 26 angeordnet wird, wobei sich sein Widerstandswert nach Bedarf äußerst präzise einstellen läßt, wodurch der zum Schalten des Schalters 10 führende Betriebsstrom genau vorgewählt werden kann.In Fig. 2 is a plan view of the switch of Fig. 1 is shown, where now a
Zurückkehrend zu Fig. 1 ist noch zu bemerken, daß der an der Keramikscheibe 26 angeordnete Serienwiderstand 34 sowohl elektrisch als auch geometrisch zwischen der Elektrode 24 und dem Schaltwerk 11 im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 angeordnet ist.Returning to FIG. 1, it should also be noted that the
Claims (5)
- A switch having a housing (12) for receiving a temperature-dependent switching mechanism (11), said housing comprising a first housing part (15) having an inner base (25), a first electrode (24) being arranged at said inner base and connected to a first external terminal (23), as well as a second housing part (14), closing off said first housing part (15), said second housing part comprising a second electrode (20) connected to a second external terminal (22), said switching mechanism (11) making, as a function of its temperature, an electrically conductive connection between said first and second electrode (24, 20), wherein a series resistor (34) is arranged within said housing (12) geometrically and electrically between said switching mechanism (11) and one of said two electrodes (24, 20), and further comprising a ceramic support (26) arranged on one of said two electrodes (24, 20), facing toward said switching mechanism (11) and carrying said series resistor (34) the series resistor having a first end connected to electrode (24), and its other end connected to a counter-contact (27) for said switching mechanism (11), characterized in that said first housing part (15) is produced from insulating material, said first electrode (24) being held in loss-proof fashion in said insulating material, said first electrode (24) having a flat surface (25) facing toward said switching mechanism (11), said ceramic support (26) being attached to said flat surface and said series resistor (34) being electrically connected to said flat surface.
- The switch of claim 1, characterized in that said ceramic support (26) comprises at least one through-hole (28, 29) that preferably is a laser-drilled through-hole, said ceramic support being soldered through said through-hole onto said electrode (24) and said series resistor (34) being electrically connected through said through-hole to said electrode (24).
- The switch of claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said first electrode (24) is held in loss-proof fashion in said first housing part (15) by encapsulation or insert-molding during manufacture of the housing part (15) in such a way that it is an integral constituent of said housing part (15).
- The switch of claim 3, characterized in that the second housing part (14) is an electrically conductive base part (14) whose inner base acts as said second electrode (20).
- The switch of anyone of claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the switching mechanism comprises an electrically conductive spring disc (18) which carries a movable contact element (17) and works against a bimetallic snap disc (19) that sits approximately centeredly on the movable contact element (17), the spring disc (18) being braced at its rim (21) on one of said electrodes (20) and pressing said movable contact element (17) against the other of said electrode (24) when said switching mechanism (11) is below its response temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19748589 | 1997-11-04 | ||
DE19748589A DE19748589C2 (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Switch with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0915491A2 EP0915491A2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0915491A3 EP0915491A3 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
EP0915491B1 true EP0915491B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
Family
ID=7847514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98117532A Expired - Lifetime EP0915491B1 (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1998-09-16 | Switch with a temperature sensitive switching mechanism |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6091316A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0915491B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE345575T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU738423B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19748589C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2276442T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001031749A2 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-03 | Thermik Gerätebau GmbH | Connector |
US20030122650A1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-07-03 | Kiyoshi Yamamoto | Thermal protector |
DE102004036117B4 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-12-14 | Tmc Sensortechnik Gmbh | bimetal thermoswitch |
DE102009030353B3 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-02 | Hofsaess, Marcel P. | Cap for a temperature-dependent switch and method for producing a temperature-dependent switch |
DE102009039948A1 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | Hofsaess, Marcel P. | Temperature-dependent switch |
GB2481240B (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2017-04-12 | Otter Controls Ltd | Thermally responsive electric switches |
DE102011107110B4 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-04-18 | Marcel P. HOFSAESS | Method for surrounding an electrical component with a protective housing and electrical component with a protective housing |
CA2986409C (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2021-01-26 | Shawn Murray KARLE | Electrical equipment with additional compartment and wiring to account for temperature limitations of connected conductors |
DE102023102301B3 (en) | 2023-01-31 | 2024-03-28 | Marcel P. HOFSAESS | Temperature-dependent switch and method for producing the same |
DE102023102302B3 (en) | 2023-01-31 | 2024-03-28 | Marcel P. HOFSAESS | Temperature dependent switch |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2121802C3 (en) * | 1971-05-03 | 1974-10-24 | Thermik-Geraetebau Gmbh + Co, 7530 Pforzheim | Temperature monitor |
DE2759251B2 (en) * | 1977-12-31 | 1981-04-23 | Behr-Thomson Dehnstoffregler Gmbh, 7014 Kornwestheim | Two-stage temperature switch |
DE8806648U1 (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-06-22 | Hofsäss, Peter, 7530 Pforzheim | Temperature switching device |
DE4142716C2 (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1997-01-16 | Microtherm Gmbh | Thermal switch |
JPH05282977A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-29 | Texas Instr Japan Ltd | Overcurrent protecting device |
DE9214940U1 (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1992-12-17 | Thermik Geraetebau Gmbh, 7530 Pforzheim | Temperature monitor |
DE4428226C1 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1995-10-12 | Thermik Geraetebau Gmbh | Temp. monitoring switch e.g. for electric motor or transformer |
DE19527254C2 (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 2000-01-20 | Thermik Geraetebau Gmbh | Temperature monitor |
DE19604939C2 (en) * | 1996-02-10 | 1999-12-09 | Marcel Hofsaes | Switch with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism |
DE19609310C2 (en) * | 1996-03-09 | 1999-07-15 | Thermik Geraetebau Gmbh | Switch with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism |
-
1997
- 1997-11-04 DE DE19748589A patent/DE19748589C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 ES ES98117532T patent/ES2276442T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-16 DE DE59813802T patent/DE59813802D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-16 EP EP98117532A patent/EP0915491B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-16 AT AT98117532T patent/ATE345575T1/en active
- 1998-10-30 US US09/183,534 patent/US6091316A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-02 AU AU90526/98A patent/AU738423B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6091316A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
DE19748589A1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
AU9052698A (en) | 1999-05-27 |
AU738423B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
EP0915491A3 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
ES2276442T3 (en) | 2007-06-16 |
DE59813802D1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
ATE345575T1 (en) | 2006-12-15 |
EP0915491A2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
DE19748589C2 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
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