EP0911582B1 - Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0911582B1
EP0911582B1 EP97810801A EP97810801A EP0911582B1 EP 0911582 B1 EP0911582 B1 EP 0911582B1 EP 97810801 A EP97810801 A EP 97810801A EP 97810801 A EP97810801 A EP 97810801A EP 0911582 B1 EP0911582 B1 EP 0911582B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
liquid
premix burner
water
mixing zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97810801A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0911582A1 (de
Inventor
Adnam Eroglu
Robin Mcmillan
Jens Policke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to EP97810801A priority Critical patent/EP0911582B1/de
Priority to DE59711110T priority patent/DE59711110D1/de
Priority to JP30386398A priority patent/JP4664451B2/ja
Priority to CNB981250637A priority patent/CN1143074C/zh
Priority to US09/179,462 priority patent/US6132202A/en
Publication of EP0911582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0911582A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0911582B1 publication Critical patent/EP0911582B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4314—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor with helical baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/503—Mixing fuel or propellant and water or gas, e.g. air, or other fluids, e.g. liquid additives to obtain fluid fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a premix burner according to claim 1 and a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Combustion chambers have long been available for stationary gas turbines in power plants with pre-mix burners designed as so-called double-cone burners proven, where the fuel from the outside by insertable fuel lances is fed.
  • the lance is usually designed as a two-fuel lance, i.e. optionally gaseous fuel, e.g. Pilot gas, and / or more liquid Fuel, for example an oil-water emulsion, are supplied.
  • a liquid fuel pipe an atomizing air pipe and a pilot gas pipe arranged concentrically.
  • the tubes each form a channel for the Liquid fuel, the atomizing air and the pilot gas, which at the lance head in end of a fuel nozzle.
  • the fuel lance is inserted with its lance head a corresponding inner tube of the double cone burner, so that the emerging Fuel through the fuel nozzle into the one connected to the inner tube Interior of the burner arrives (see DE 43 06 956 A1).
  • a double cone burner which is used for intended for use in a combustion chamber connected to a gas turbine is.
  • This burner consists of two hollow, complementary to the double cone burner Partial cone bodies that are arranged radially offset from each other. He owns a hollow cone-shaped interior that increases in the direction of flow with tangential air inlet slots.
  • the fuel supply for the double-cone burner takes place from the outside via the plug-in fuel lance, which opens into a liquid fuel nozzle.
  • the latter forms one in the interior of the burner hollow cone-shaped fuel spray consisting of liquid fuel and air from where most fuel droplets are at the outer end of the conical Spray pattern are concentrated. Because of the large spray angle of approx.
  • DE-A-44 01 097 generally describes a method for reducing NOx emissions in the combustion of a liquid fuel and a device for Implementation of the procedure known. It is suggested that before entering the Fuel channel within a burner lance an emulsion by mixing water and Form fuel and forward this emulsion to an atomizer nozzle.
  • the invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. You have the task based, a method and an apparatus for operating a premix burner to create, which improve the fuel supply in certain operating modes.
  • this is achieved in that the liquid fuel and water separately is directed to the liquid fuel nozzle and only in the liquid fuel nozzle Mixing takes place.
  • the resulting liquid fuel-water mixture is then in a full jet, with an injection angle ⁇ of less than 10 °, injected into the interior of the premix burner.
  • This is the liquid fuel nozzle equipped with a simple injection opening. Upstream of the injection opening a mixing zone is arranged, in which both a liquid fuel line as well as a water supply line.
  • the liquid fuel line and the water supply line are arranged together in a fuel lance, the latter having an end piece forming the liquid fuel nozzle. Both the injection opening and the mixing zone are the in this end piece Fuel lance arranged.
  • the liquid fuel Due to the pressure loss in the end piece of the fuel lance, the liquid fuel remains and the water and its corresponding supply lines to the mixing zone, i.e. until just before the liquid fuel-water mixture forms Cut. This ensures good flow control almost the entire available pressure loss can be used to inject the fluids involved can be used through the liquid fuel nozzle. In this way the Liquid fuel at a high speed and regardless of the injection of the water sprayed in, which enables better atomization. In addition, the liquid fuel-water mixture formed in the mixing zone not upstream in the liquid fuel line or water supply line penetrate, which prevents the flame from striking back.
  • the water is in the liquid fuel initiated.
  • the water supply is radially outside the liquid fuel line as well as coaxial to the latter.
  • the mixing zone is medium a plate separated from the liquid fuel line, the plate at least an axial connection opening between the liquid fuel line and the mixing zone and the water supply line has at least one radial through opening Mixing zone has.
  • the mixing zone advantageously has a funnel-shaped design Transition piece to the injection opening, which ensures a streamlined feed the liquid fuel-water mixture to the injection opening can be. It is particularly useful if the water is vertical is introduced into the liquid fuel. Thus, in a relatively short mixing zone a largely homogeneous mixture can be formed.
  • it is therefore used for reprocessing the liquid fuel-water mixture either the water in the Liquid fuel or the liquid fuel introduced into the water.
  • a pressure loss at the transition to the mixing zone can thus be prevented and thus the total available pressure loss through the injection port for injecting the Liquid fuel-water mixture used in the interior of the premix burner become.
  • With a high speed injection of the Liquid fuel and water in the mixing zone create great turbulence there, which promote a quick and good mixing of both fluids.
  • the injection opening has a guide length I and a diameter d, with a ratio of guide length to diameter of 2 ⁇ l / d ⁇ 20 is observed. With such a ratio, a particularly good atomization can the fuel mixture can be achieved.
  • the premix burner In a further embodiment of the invention, it is located in the interior of the premix burner, spreading in the direction of flow and from the liquid fuel / water mixture existing full jet from a tangential into the Rotating combustion air flow flowing into the burner.
  • the Ignition of the combustion mixture that occurs takes place in the area of Burner mouth instead, the flame front in this area by a Backflow zone is stabilized.
  • the premix burner consists of at least two hollow partial cone bodies, radially offset from each other, with tangential air inlet slots and an increasing in the direction of flow, hollow cone-shaped interior.
  • the liquid fuel nozzle is also connected to a fuel lance serving the fuel supply.
  • this method provides a form of liquid spray with a small injection angle, which with the small opening angle of the premix burner interacts optimally. This creates ideal conditions for the Combustion of liquid fuel by means of a premix burner designed in this way created.
  • the gas turbine system for example, does not show the compressor and the gas turbine.
  • the direction of flow of the work equipment is indicated by arrows.
  • the gas turbine plant consists of a compressor, one Gas turbine and a combustion chamber 1.
  • the combustion chamber 1 there are several both for operation with liquid fuel 2 as well as with gaseous fuel 3 suitable and designed as a double-cone pre-mix burner 4.
  • the double-cone burners 4 each consist of two half, hollow partial cone bodies 5, 6, each with an inner wall 7, 8. Close both inner walls 7, 8 a hollow cone-shaped interior 9 that increases in the flow direction a (Fig. 1).
  • the partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have an offset to the other arranged central axis 10, 11 (Fig. 2).
  • Both partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have a cylindrical one Initial part 15, 16.
  • the initial parts 15, 16 are analogous to the partial cone bodies 5, 6 staggered (Fig. 1).
  • In the beginning parts 15, 16 and in the interior 9 protrudes as a central liquid fuel nozzle 17 End piece of a fuel supply to the double cone burner 4
  • the liquid fuel nozzle 17 has one circular injection opening 19 on (Fig. 2).
  • the fuel lance 18 consists of a central liquid fuel line 20 and one radially outside of this and coaxial to the water supply line 21 arranged upstream of the injection opening 19 a mixing zone 22 is formed and by means of a vertically arranged, circular plate 23 separated from the liquid fuel line 20.
  • Plate 23 has a plurality of axial connection openings 24 between the liquid fuel line 20 and the mixing zone 22 and the water supply line 21 several radial Through openings 25 to the mixing zone 22.
  • the mixing zone 22 has one funnel-shaped transition piece 26 to the injection opening 19.
  • the latter has a guide length I and a diameter d and a ratio of the guide length to diameter from 4 to (Fig. 3).
  • the double-cone burner 4 is also used as liquid fuel via the liquid fuel line 20 2 used fuel oil and the water supply line 21 with water 27 supplied.
  • the fuel oil 2 and the water 27 are separately Liquid fuel nozzle 17 transported. Mixing takes place only in the mixing zone 22 of fuel oil 2 and water 27, by injecting the water vertically 27 into the fuel oil 2.
  • fuel oil is the liquid fuel 2 is used, it does not form a proper mixture, but to a liquid fuel-water emulsion 28.
  • the liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 is through the central injection opening 19, with an injection angle ⁇ of less than 10 °, injected into the interior 9 (Fig. 1).
  • the full jet 29 spreads in the interior 9 of the double-cone burner 4 in the direction of flow evenly and ultimately takes on a conical shape Shape.
  • the resulting fuel mixture is ignited in the area of the burner orifice, whereby a flame front 30 forms, which in turn in the area the burner mouth is stabilized by a backflow zone 31.
  • a quotient of the guide length reached to the diameter of the injection opening of l / d 10, whereby the Liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 inherent turbulence is calmed.
  • the liquid fuel line 20 is axial and the water supply line 21 is conical arranged opening into the mixing zone 22 (FIG. 4). This will make it Water 27 introduced obliquely into the liquid fuel 2 so that a pressure loss can be prevented at the transition to the mixing zone 22. So the whole available pressure loss via the injection opening 19 for the injection of the liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 into the interior 9 of the premix burner 4 used, which results in a small injection angle and thus a full jet 29 Has. All other processes are carried out analogously to the first embodiment.
  • an alternative solution is essentially same effects shown in the compared to the second embodiment only the arrangement of the liquid fuel line 20 and the Water supply line 21 are interchanged in the fuel lance 18 (Fig. 5). So that can better atomization can be achieved when operating without water 27.
  • the injection opening 19 can correspond to the specific operating conditions the double cone burner 4 also another suitable shape and the quotient of guide length I and diameter d another amount, about 2 to 20.
  • the double-cone burner 4 purely conical, i.e. without the cylindrical starting parts 15, 16 are formed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
EP97810801A 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner Expired - Lifetime EP0911582B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810801A EP0911582B1 (de) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner
DE59711110T DE59711110D1 (de) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner
JP30386398A JP4664451B2 (ja) 1997-10-27 1998-10-26 予混合バーナを運転するための装置
CNB981250637A CN1143074C (zh) 1997-10-27 1998-10-26 操作预混燃烧器的方法和装置
US09/179,462 US6132202A (en) 1997-10-27 1998-10-27 Method and device for operating a premix burner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810801A EP0911582B1 (de) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0911582A1 EP0911582A1 (de) 1999-04-28
EP0911582B1 true EP0911582B1 (de) 2003-12-10

Family

ID=8230442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97810801A Expired - Lifetime EP0911582B1 (de) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6132202A (ja)
EP (1) EP0911582B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4664451B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1143074C (ja)
DE (1) DE59711110D1 (ja)

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US8850822B2 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-10-07 General Electric Company System for pre-mixing in a fuel nozzle
US9371989B2 (en) * 2011-05-18 2016-06-21 General Electric Company Combustor nozzle and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US8899969B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2014-12-02 Gas Technology Institute Method and system for low-NOx dual-fuel combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels
US8973366B2 (en) * 2011-10-24 2015-03-10 General Electric Company Integrated fuel and water mixing assembly for use in conjunction with a combustor
CN109578144A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-05 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 航空发动机用冷气分配装置
CN112108283A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-22 杭州浙大天元科技有限公司 一种高粘度废液乳化雾化一体喷枪及高粘度废液雾化方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59711110D1 (de) 2004-01-22
JP4664451B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
CN1218888A (zh) 1999-06-09
CN1143074C (zh) 2004-03-24
JPH11201412A (ja) 1999-07-30
US6132202A (en) 2000-10-17
EP0911582A1 (de) 1999-04-28

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