EP0909309A1 - Lubricant and use thereof - Google Patents

Lubricant and use thereof

Info

Publication number
EP0909309A1
EP0909309A1 EP97927005A EP97927005A EP0909309A1 EP 0909309 A1 EP0909309 A1 EP 0909309A1 EP 97927005 A EP97927005 A EP 97927005A EP 97927005 A EP97927005 A EP 97927005A EP 0909309 A1 EP0909309 A1 EP 0909309A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
lubricant
lubricant according
orthophosphate
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97927005A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0909309B1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Aurin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Original Assignee
Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Publication of EP0909309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0909309A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0909309B1 publication Critical patent/EP0909309B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M103/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/02Carbon; Graphite
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    • C10M103/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/06Metal compounds
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    • C10M125/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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    • C10M125/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
    • C10M125/30Clay
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M173/00Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04Elements
    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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    • C10M2201/04Elements
    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C10M2201/0413Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
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    • C10M2201/04Elements
    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C10M2201/042Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C10M2201/042Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
    • C10M2201/0423Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride used as base material
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    • C10M2201/0603Metal compounds used as base material
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    • C10M2201/061Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C10M2201/0613Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides used as base material
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    • C10M2201/062Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/065Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C10M2201/0653Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides used as base material
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    • C10M2201/066Molybdenum sulfide
    • C10M2201/0663Molybdenum sulfide used as base material
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    • C10M2201/08Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/0803Inorganic acids or salts thereof used as base material
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    • C10M2201/085Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2201/0853Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts used as base material
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    • C10M2201/086Chromium oxides, acids or salts
    • C10M2201/0863Chromium oxides, acids or salts used as base material
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/24Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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    • C10N2040/241Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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    • C10N2040/242Hot working
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    • C10N2050/01Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • Lubricants used in the hot forming of metals have long been known.
  • Such lubricants consist for example of mixtures of graphite and mineral oil. Such mixtures decompose at the usual application temperatures of 1100 to 1300 ° C and result in a strong environmental impact.
  • Lubricants that are used in the manufacture of seamless tubes for the lubrication of the so-called mandrel bars must meet special requirements and therefore consist of graphite and mixtures of substances that provide these special properties.
  • DE-B-2 350 716 describes a high-temperature lubricant made from 10 to 90% graphite, 2 to 60% alkylene polymer or copolymer, 0.2 to 8% suspension aid and 2 to 40% film stabilizer.
  • EP-A-0 554 822 describes a lubricant which, in addition to graphite, contains one or more clay minerals from the smectite class, polysaccharide and a nonionic surfactant.
  • the previously known lubricants contain, in addition to graphite, organic and thus decomposable substances and / or additives which heavily contaminate the wastewater that arises later, for example through sludge formation, and thus represent a great environmental burden.
  • the object on which the invention is based was therefore to obtain a lubricant which, in particular, can be used as a mandrel lubricant, which, in addition to graphite, contains essentially no organic substances which can be carbonized as far as possible and has as little environmental damage as possible with regard to the wastewater pollution.
  • this object is achieved with a lubricant with a content of 75 to 90% by weight of graphite, which is characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of phosphates.
  • lubricants according to the invention over those according to the prior art, in particular over dome lubricants, can be seen in the fact that they need not contain any organic substances and preferably do not contain any organic substances at all, so that the graphite is the only decomposable component. They therefore preferably contain only inorganic substances.
  • Graphite which has the main lubricating effect of such lubricants, consists of pure carbon, which burns at high application temperatures in an oxygen-containing environment, producing carbon dioxide, which creates a gas cushion on which the first
  • REPLACEMENT BLART (RULE 26) Line based on the separation of tube and mandrel bar.
  • the other ingredients of the lubricant have the task of producing a uniform lubricating film, causing the lubricating film to dry quickly and avoiding damage to the mandrel rod or the inner surface of the pipe.
  • these objects are primarily achieved by the phosphates, which form a low-viscosity, reactive melt at the high application temperatures, which is able to dissolve scale and similar impurities and thus to avoid their harmful effect.
  • the lubricants according to the invention preferably contain 85 to 90% by weight of graphite and advantageously 3 to 5% by weight of phosphates.
  • a phosphate mixture of tetrasodium diphosphate, primary zinc orthophosphate, primary manganese orthophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and potassium polyphosphate as phosphates in the lubricant according to the invention.
  • This phosphate mixture advantageously contains 25 to 50, preferably 33 to 43% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, 1 to 20, preferably 3 to 11% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, 2 to 25 , preferably 5 to 15% by weight disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and 8 to 35, preferably 15 to 25% by weight potassium polyphosphate.
  • a phosphate mixture fine-tuned for this purpose contains about 38% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, about 7% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, about 5% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, about 10% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and about 20% by weight of potassium polyphosphate.
  • the phosphate mixture added to the lubricant as phosphates additionally contains 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of boric acid and / or 0.5 to 15, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
  • the finely tuned phosphate mixture listed above appropriately contains about 15% by weight of boric acid and about 5% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
  • the lubricant according to the invention advantageously also contains 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.5% by weight of alkali silicate, in particular sodium disilicate , and / or 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of bentonite, preferably commercial bentonite 34 with 6 m 2 / g BET surface area, and / or 0.5 to 1, preferably 0.7 to 0.9% by weight.
  • % Silicophosphate which enhance the effect of the phosphate mixture described above.
  • the latter percentages relate to the total weight of the solids content of the lubricant according to the invention, while the percentages of the phosphate Mixtures including those of boric acid and hydroxyapatite refer to the total solids weight of the phosphate mixture alone.
  • As sodium silicate one with a ratio of SiO 2 : Na ⁇ -O of 2 is expediently used.
  • the silicophosphate used advantageously contains about 22% SiO 2 and about 54% P 2 0 5 .
  • the mandrel lubricants according to the invention are preferably used as aqueous suspensions with a solids content of 20 to 40% by weight, preferably 25 to 35% by weight.
  • the lubricant is applied in the usual way by spraying the suspension onto the mandrel bar after it has left the cooling bath and is transported back to the rolling process.
  • the lubricants according to the invention can advantageously also contain customary solid lubricants, such as calcium fluoride, cryolite, antimony trioxide, molybdenum sulfide, zinc pyrophosphate, boron nitride or iron III pyrophosphate.
  • customary solid lubricants such as calcium fluoride, cryolite, antimony trioxide, molybdenum sulfide, zinc pyrophosphate, boron nitride or iron III pyrophosphate.
  • a lubricant according to the invention was prepared in the form of a 30% aqueous slurry, the solids content of which had the following composition: 85 parts by weight of natural graphite with 95% purity in the form of carbon
  • the mandrel bars in circulation were sprayed with the above-mentioned lubricant on an MPM line for the production of seamless steel tubes. After the water content had evaporated, the layer weight of the dry lubricant film was 60 g / m 2 of the surface of the mandrel bar.
  • a lubricant according to the invention was produced in the form of a 15% by weight aqueous slurry, the solids content of which consisted of the following components:
  • the pilgrim mandrels were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of the above-mentioned lubricant.
  • the layer weight on the mandrel bar was 20 g / m 3 before the forming process started.
  • the mandrel bar was smooth and free of scale particles.
  • the inner tube surface was also smooth.
  • the internal roughness of the pipes had decreased significantly.
  • the mean value was 10 ⁇ m.
  • the surface of the mandrel bar was tainted with scale particles when using a known lubricant. These particles had to be ground by hand after twelve forming processes, which represents a considerable delay in production and is to be regarded as uneconomical.
  • the mean value of the internal roughness of the pipes was 53 ⁇ m.

Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricant which can be used as a mandrel lubricant with a content of 75 to 90 wt. % of graphite and contains 1 to 10 wt. % of a phosphate. Said lubricant can also contain 1 to 4 wt % alkali silicate, 1 to 10 wt. % bentonite, 0.5 to 1 wt. % silico-phosphate and common solid lubricants. Said lubricant is preferably used as an aqueous suspension with a solid content of 20 to 40 wt. %.

Description

Schmiermi tel und dessen Verwendung Lubricant and its use
Schmiermittel, die bei der Heißumformung von Metallen verwendet werden, sind seit langem bekannt. Solche Schmiermittel bestehen beispielsweise aus Gemischen von Graphit und Mineralöl. Derartige Gemische zersetzen sich bei den üblichen Anwendungstemperaturen von 1100 bis 1300 °C und ergeben dabei eine starke Umweltbeeinträchtigung.Lubricants used in the hot forming of metals have long been known. Such lubricants consist for example of mixtures of graphite and mineral oil. Such mixtures decompose at the usual application temperatures of 1100 to 1300 ° C and result in a strong environmental impact.
Schmiermittel, die bei der Herstellung nahtloser Rohre zur Schmierung der sogenannten Dornstangen verwendet werden, müssen besonderen Anforderungen genügen und bestehen deshalb aus Graphit und Stoffgemischen, die diese besonderen Eigenschaften erbringen. So beschreibt die DE-B-2 350 716 ein Hochtemperaturschmiermittel aus 10 bis 90 % Graphit, 2 bis 60 % Alkylenpolymerisat oder -mischpolymerisat, 0,2 bis 8 % Suspensioπshilfsmittel und 2 bis 40 % Filmstabilisator. Die EP-A-0 554 822 beschreibt ein Schmiermittel, das neben Graphit ein oder mehrere Tonminerale aus der Klasse der Smectite sowie Polysaccharid und ein nichtionisches Tensid enthält.Lubricants that are used in the manufacture of seamless tubes for the lubrication of the so-called mandrel bars must meet special requirements and therefore consist of graphite and mixtures of substances that provide these special properties. For example, DE-B-2 350 716 describes a high-temperature lubricant made from 10 to 90% graphite, 2 to 60% alkylene polymer or copolymer, 0.2 to 8% suspension aid and 2 to 40% film stabilizer. EP-A-0 554 822 describes a lubricant which, in addition to graphite, contains one or more clay minerals from the smectite class, polysaccharide and a nonionic surfactant.
Insgesamt enthalten die bisher bekannten Schmiermittel neben Graphit organische und damit zersetzliche Stoffe und/oder Zusätze, die die später anfallenden Abwässer beispielsweise durch Schlammbildung stark verunreinigen und damit eine große Umweltbelastung darstellen.Overall, the previously known lubricants contain, in addition to graphite, organic and thus decomposable substances and / or additives which heavily contaminate the wastewater that arises later, for example through sludge formation, and thus represent a great environmental burden.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe bestand somit darin, ein Schmiermittel, das insbesondere als Dornschmiermittel verwendbar ist, zu bekommen, das neben Graphit im wesentlichen möglichst keinerlei verschwelbare organische Stoffe enthält und möglichst geringe Umweltschädlichkeit bezüglich der Abwasserbelastung aufweist.The object on which the invention is based was therefore to obtain a lubricant which, in particular, can be used as a mandrel lubricant, which, in addition to graphite, contains essentially no organic substances which can be carbonized as far as possible and has as little environmental damage as possible with regard to the wastewater pollution.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Schmiermittel mit einem Gehalt von 75 bis 90 Gew.% Graphit gelöst, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es 1 bis 10 Gew.% Phosphate enthält.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a lubricant with a content of 75 to 90% by weight of graphite, which is characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of phosphates.
Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel gegenüber denen nach dem Stand der Technik, insbesondere gegenüber Domschmiermitteln, ist darin zu sehen, daß sie keine organischen Stoffe zu enthalten brauchen und vorzugsweise gar keine organischen Stoffe enthalten, so daß der Graphit der einzige zersetzliche Bestandteil ist. Sie enthalten also vorzugsweise ausschließlich anorganische Stoffe. Graphit, dem die Hauptschmierwirkung solcher Schmierstoffe zukommt, besteht aus reinem Kohlenstoff, der bei den hohen Anwendungstemperaturen in sauerstoffhaltiger Umgebung verbrennt, wobei Kohlendioxid entsteht, das ein Gaspolster erzeugt, auf dem in ersterThe advantage of the lubricants according to the invention over those according to the prior art, in particular over dome lubricants, can be seen in the fact that they need not contain any organic substances and preferably do not contain any organic substances at all, so that the graphite is the only decomposable component. They therefore preferably contain only inorganic substances. Graphite, which has the main lubricating effect of such lubricants, consists of pure carbon, which burns at high application temperatures in an oxygen-containing environment, producing carbon dioxide, which creates a gas cushion on which the first
ERSATZBLArT (REGEL 26) Linie die Trennung von Rohr und Dornstange beruht.REPLACEMENT BLART (RULE 26) Line based on the separation of tube and mandrel bar.
Die anderen Inhaltsstoffe des Schmiermittels haben die Aufgabe, einen gleichmäßigen Schmierfilm zu erzeugen, eine schnelle Trocknung des Schmierfilmes zu bewirken und Beschädigungen der Dornstange bzw. der Rohrinnenfläche zu vermeiden. Diese Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß primär durch die Phosphate gelöst, die bei den hohen Anwendungstemperaturen eine dünnflüssige, reaktive Schmelze bilden, die in der Lage ist, Zunder und ähnliche Verunreinigungen zu lösen und damit deren schädliche Wirkung zu vermeiden.The other ingredients of the lubricant have the task of producing a uniform lubricating film, causing the lubricating film to dry quickly and avoiding damage to the mandrel rod or the inner surface of the pipe. According to the invention, these objects are primarily achieved by the phosphates, which form a low-viscosity, reactive melt at the high application temperatures, which is able to dissolve scale and similar impurities and thus to avoid their harmful effect.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel enthalten vorzugsweise 85 bis 90 Gew.% Graphit und günstigerweise 3 bis 5 Gew.% Phosphate.The lubricants according to the invention preferably contain 85 to 90% by weight of graphite and advantageously 3 to 5% by weight of phosphates.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, als Phosphate in dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel eine Phosphatmischung aus Tetranatriumdiphosphat, primärem Zinkorthophosphat, primärem Mang- anorthophosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphatund Kaliumpolyphosphat zu verwenden. Diese Phosphatmischung enthält günstigerweise 25 bis 50, vorzugsweise 33 bis 43 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 3 bis 11 Gew.% primäres Zinkorthophosphat, 0,5 bis 20, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.% primäres Manganorthophosphat, 2 bis 25, vorzugsweise 5 bis 15 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und 8 bis 35, vorzugsweise 15 bis 25 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat. Eine zu diesem Zweck fein abgestimmte Phosphatmischung enthält etwa 38 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, etwa 7 Gew.% primäres Zinkorthophosphat, etwa 5 Gew.% primäres Manganorthophosphat, etwa 10 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und etwa 20 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat.It is particularly expedient to use a phosphate mixture of tetrasodium diphosphate, primary zinc orthophosphate, primary manganese orthophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and potassium polyphosphate as phosphates in the lubricant according to the invention. This phosphate mixture advantageously contains 25 to 50, preferably 33 to 43% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, 1 to 20, preferably 3 to 11% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, 2 to 25 , preferably 5 to 15% by weight disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and 8 to 35, preferably 15 to 25% by weight potassium polyphosphate. A phosphate mixture fine-tuned for this purpose contains about 38% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, about 7% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, about 5% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, about 10% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and about 20% by weight of potassium polyphosphate.
Günstigerweise enthält die dem Schmiermittel als Phosphate zugegebene Phosphatmischung zusätzlich 5 bis 25, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20 Gew.% Borsäure und/oder 0,5 bis 15, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit. Die oben aufgeführte fein abgestimmte Phosphatmischung enthält hiervon zweckmäßige etwa 15 Gew.% Borsäure und etwa 5 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit.Advantageously, the phosphate mixture added to the lubricant as phosphates additionally contains 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of boric acid and / or 0.5 to 15, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of hydroxyapatite. The finely tuned phosphate mixture listed above appropriately contains about 15% by weight of boric acid and about 5% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
Zusätzlich zu den 1 bis 10 Gew.% Phosphaten, insbesondere der oben angegebenen bevorzugten Phosphatmischung, und den 95 bis 90 Gew.% Graphit enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel zweckmäßig noch 1 bis 4, vorzugsweise 2 bis 2,5 Gew.% Alkalisilikat, insbesondere Natriumdisilikat, und/oder 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 Gew.% Bentonit, vorzugsweise handelsüblichen Bentonit 34 mit 6 m2/g BET-Oberfläche, und/oder 0,5 bis 1 , vorzugsweise 0,7 bis 0,9 Gew.% Silikophosphat, die die Wirkung der oben beschriebenen Phosphatmischung verstärken. Die zuletzt genannten Prozentsätze beziehen sich auf das Gesamtgewicht des Feststoffgehaltes des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels, während sich die Prozentsätze des Phosphat- gemisches einschließlich jener der Borsäure und des Hydroxylapatits auf das Gesamtgewicht der Feststoffe nur des Phosphatgemisches allein beziehen.In addition to the 1 to 10% by weight of phosphates, in particular the preferred phosphate mixture given above, and the 95 to 90% by weight of graphite, the lubricant according to the invention advantageously also contains 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.5% by weight of alkali silicate, in particular sodium disilicate , and / or 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of bentonite, preferably commercial bentonite 34 with 6 m 2 / g BET surface area, and / or 0.5 to 1, preferably 0.7 to 0.9% by weight. % Silicophosphate, which enhance the effect of the phosphate mixture described above. The latter percentages relate to the total weight of the solids content of the lubricant according to the invention, while the percentages of the phosphate Mixtures including those of boric acid and hydroxyapatite refer to the total solids weight of the phosphate mixture alone.
Als Graphit kann jeder für Schmiermittel übliche Graphit, natürlicher oder synthetischer Graphit, zweckmäßig einer mit hoher Kristallin ität und einem Aschegehalt unter 5 % verwendet werden. Als Natriumsilikat wird zweckmäßig ein solches mit einem Verhältnis von SiO2 : Na^-O von 2 verwendet. Das verwendete Silikophosphat enthält günstigerweise etwa 22 % SiO2 und etwa 54 % P205.Any graphite customary for lubricants, natural or synthetic graphite, expediently one with high crystallinity and an ash content below 5% can be used as graphite. As sodium silicate, one with a ratio of SiO 2 : Na ^ -O of 2 is expediently used. The silicophosphate used advantageously contains about 22% SiO 2 and about 54% P 2 0 5 .
Die erfindungsgemäßen Dornschmiermittel werden bevorzugt als wäßrige Suspensionen mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 20 bis 40 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 35 Gew.% angewendet. Das Aufbringen des Schmiermittels erfolgt auf übliche Weise durch Versprühen der Suspension auf die Dornstange, nachdem diese das Kühlbad verlassen hat und wieder zum Walzprozeß transportiert wird.The mandrel lubricants according to the invention are preferably used as aqueous suspensions with a solids content of 20 to 40% by weight, preferably 25 to 35% by weight. The lubricant is applied in the usual way by spraying the suspension onto the mandrel bar after it has left the cooling bath and is transported back to the rolling process.
Zweckmäßig können die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel zusätzlich übliche Festschmierstoffe, wie Calciumfluorid, Kryolith, Antimontrioxid, Molybdänsulfid, Zinkpyrophosphat, Bornitrid oder Eisen-lll-pyrophosphat, enthalten.The lubricants according to the invention can advantageously also contain customary solid lubricants, such as calcium fluoride, cryolite, antimony trioxide, molybdenum sulfide, zinc pyrophosphate, boron nitride or iron III pyrophosphate.
Die unerwartete Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittelzusätze bzw. Schmiermittel wurde in einer Vielzahl von Untersuchungen und Erprobungen getestet. Durch Auftragen eines erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels auf den Dornkopf wird erreicht, daß ein Steckenbleiben nicht mehr vorkommt und bis zu 50 Blöcke über einen Dorn gewalzt werden können. Im Gegensatz dazu bekam man früher beim Lochen von hochlegiertem Stahl durch Schrägwalzen über einen Dorn erhebliche Ausfälle, da es oft unmöglich war, den im Rohr festgefressenen Dorn wieder zu entfernen. Selbst wenn dies glückte, war der Dornverschleiß so hoch, daß im Durchschnitt nur 3,8 Blöcke über einen Dorn gewalzt werden konnten.The unexpected effectiveness of the lubricant additives or lubricants according to the invention has been tested in a large number of investigations and trials. By applying a lubricant according to the invention to the mandrel head, there is no longer any danger of getting stuck and up to 50 blocks can be rolled over a mandrel. In contrast, punching high-alloy steel by cross rolling over a mandrel used to cause significant failures because it was often impossible to remove the mandrel that was seized in the tube. Even if this was successful, the mandrel wear was so high that on average only 3.8 blocks could be rolled over one mandrel.
Auch beim sogenannten Pilgerwalzen austenitischer Rohre aus den vorgebohrten Blöcken ergeben sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel erhebliche Vorteile. Der technische Vorgang besteht darin, daß in eine vorher gelochte, glühende Luppe ein langer, zunächst kalter Dorn gleichmäßiger Dicke geführt wird. Dieser wird nun mit der Luppe im Pilgerschritt, d. h. abwechselnd nach vorn und wieder rückwärts, durch das Pilgerwalzwerk geführt. Dort wird mit Hilfe exzentrisch geformter Walzen eine Art Walz- und Schmiedeprozeß durchgeführt, der aus der Luppe Schritt für Schritt ein nahtloses Rohr formt, welches dabei über die gesamte Länge des Pilgerdorns gewalzt wird. Es entstehen so Rohre erheblicher Länge. Aus diesen muß der inzwischen auch glühend gewordene Dorn wieder herausgezogen werden. Nach dem Stand der Technik glückte dies oftmals überhaupt nicht, so daß das fertige Rohr vom Dorn herunterge- schweißt und dabei zerstört werden mußte. Wenn die Trennung überhaupt gelang, war der erforderliche Trenndruck sehr hoch, im Mittel 200 atü. Beim Schmieren der Dorne mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln, die als viskose Lösung aufgetragen werden, sinkt der erforderliche Trenndruck im Mittel auf 20, maximal auf 60 atü. Ein Steckenbleiben der Dorne kommt dabei nicht mehr vor.Even with the so-called pilger rolling of austenitic pipes from the pre-drilled blocks, there are considerable advantages with the lubricant according to the invention. The technical process consists in that a long, initially cold mandrel of uniform thickness is fed into a previously perforated, glowing bob. This is then carried through the pilgrim rolling mill with the slug in the pilgrim step, ie alternately forwards and backwards. There, with the help of eccentrically shaped rollers, a kind of rolling and forging process is carried out, which forms a seamless tube step by step, which is rolled over the entire length of the pilgrim mandrel. This creates pipes of considerable length. Out of these, the meanwhile thorn that has become glowing can be pulled out again. In the prior art, this was often unsuccessful, so that the finished tube had to be welded off the mandrel and destroyed in the process. If separation was successful, the required separation pressure was very high, on average 200 atm. When lubricating the mandrels with the lubricants according to the invention, which are applied as a viscous solution, the required separation pressure drops on average to 20, at most to 60 atm. The thorns no longer get stuck.
Sehr gute Erfolge werden auch bei der Herstellung nahtloser Rohre auf der Stoßbank erzielt. Hierbei wird die erhitzte Luppe mittels einer Stoßstange durch ein System sich ständig verengender Ringe bzw. nichtangetriebener Walzkaliber gestoßen, wodurch die Luppe reduziert und gestreckt wird. Dabei soll das nach hinten fließende Material möglichst ohne starke Reibung über die Stoßstange gleiten. Es zeigte sich, daß die Schmierung der Stoßstange mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln zu sehr guten Ergebnissen führt und daß insbesondere die bei Öl- Graphit-Schmierung auftretenden Verschweißungen und Riefen fortfallen.Very good successes have also been achieved in the manufacture of seamless tubes on the push bench. Here, the heated billet is pushed by means of a bumper through a system of continuously narrowing rings or non-driven rolling calibers, whereby the billet is reduced and stretched. The material flowing backwards should slide over the bumper as little as possible without excessive friction. It was found that the lubrication of the bumper with the lubricants according to the invention leads to very good results and that, in particular, the welds and grooves which occur with oil-graphite lubrication are eliminated.
Auch beim Warmfließpressen, beispielsweise von Schwungrädern, hat sich das Auftragen sehr dünner Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bestens bewährt. Während bei Öl- Graphit-Schmierung die aus legiertem Material bestehende Preßform häufig schnell durch Rißbildung zerstört wurde, so daß sie häufig ausgewechselt werden mußte, wird durch das Schmiermittel nach der Erfindung die Standzeit der Form verdoppelt. Es ist nur noch eine energische Säuberung, nicht aber eine völlige Erneuerung der Preßform erforderlich.Even in hot extrusion, for example flywheels, the application of very thin layers of the lubricants according to the invention has proven itself very well. While with oil-graphite lubrication the die made of alloy material was often quickly destroyed by cracking, so that it had to be replaced frequently, the service life of the die is doubled by the lubricant according to the invention. Only an energetic cleaning is necessary, but not a complete renewal of the mold.
Die anwendungstechnischen Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel sind folgende:The application technology advantages of the lubricants according to the invention are as follows:
- keinerlei Umweltbeeinträchtigung durch Zersetzungsprodukte organischer Inhaltsstoffe,- no environmental impact from decomposition products of organic ingredients,
- keine Schlammbildung beim Kühlen und Spülen der benutzten Dorπstange, wie dies z. B. bei Verwendung von tonhaltigen Schmiermitteln der Fall ist,- No sludge formation when cooling and rinsing the used Dorπstange, as z. B. is the case when using clay-containing lubricants,
- keine Schädigung der Dornstangen bzw. der Rohrinnenflächen durch schmirgelnde und riefenbildende Zunderpartikel und dergleichen.- No damage to the mandrel rods or the inner surface of the tube by sanding and scoring scale particles and the like.
Beispiel 1example 1
Ein eriindungsgemäßes Schmiermittel wurde in Form einer 30 %igen wäßrigen Aufschlämmung hergestellt, deren Feststoffanteil folgende Zusammenetzung hatte: 85 Gewichtsteile Naturgraphit mit 95 %iger Reinheit in Form von KohlenstoffA lubricant according to the invention was prepared in the form of a 30% aqueous slurry, the solids content of which had the following composition: 85 parts by weight of natural graphite with 95% purity in the form of carbon
3 Gewichtsteile Bentonit3 parts by weight of bentonite
2,5 Gewichtsteile Natriumsilikat mit einem Verhältnis Si02 : Na<>0 von 2,02.5 parts by weight of sodium silicate with a ratio of Si0 2 : Na <> 0 of 2.0
0,8 Gewichsteile eines Silicophosphates0.8 parts by weight of a silicophosphate
8,7 Gewichtsteile eines Phosphatgemisches aus8.7 parts by weight of a phosphate mixture
40 Gewichtsteilen Tetranatriumdiphosphat40 parts by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate
5 Gewichtsteilen primärem Zinkorthophosphat5 parts by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate
5 Gewichtsteilen Manganorthophosphat5 parts by weight of manganese orthophosphate
10 Gewichtsteilen Dinatriumdihydrogenphosphat10 parts by weight of disodium dihydrogen phosphate
20 Gewichtsteilen Kaliumpolyphosphat20 parts by weight of potassium polyphosphate
5 Gewichtsteilen Borsäure5 parts by weight of boric acid
5 Gewichtsteilen Hydroxylapatit5 parts by weight of hydroxyapatite
An einer MPM-Straße zur Herstellung von nahtlosen Stahlrohren wurden die im Umlauf befindlichen Dornstangen mit dem obigen erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel besprüht. Nach Verdampfen des Wasseranteils betrug das Schichtgewicht des trockenen Schmiermittelfilmes 60 g/m2 der Dornstangenoberfläche.The mandrel bars in circulation were sprayed with the above-mentioned lubricant on an MPM line for the production of seamless steel tubes. After the water content had evaporated, the layer weight of the dry lubricant film was 60 g / m 2 of the surface of the mandrel bar.
Bei Kontakt mit dem heißen Stahl während des Walzprozesses wurden keine Schwelgase erzeugt. Eine Absaugvorrichtung war nicht erforderlich.No smoldering gases were generated on contact with the hot steel during the rolling process. A suction device was not necessary.
Im Gegensatz dazu mußten bei Verwendung eines Schmierstoffes nach dem Stand der Technik 150 mg Schwelgas pro Kubimeter Abluft entsorgt werden.In contrast, when using a lubricant according to the prior art, 150 mg of carbonization gas per cubic meter of exhaust air had to be disposed of.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Schmiermittel wurde in Form einer 15 gew.%igen wäßrigen Aufschläm- mung hergestellt, deren Feststoffanteil aus folgenden Komponenten bestand:A lubricant according to the invention was produced in the form of a 15% by weight aqueous slurry, the solids content of which consisted of the following components:
73 Gwichtsteile eines Synthesegraphits mit einer Reinheit von über 98 % Kohlenstoff73 parts by weight of a synthetic graphite with a purity of more than 98% carbon
3,5 Gewichsteile Bentonit3.5 parts by weight of bentonite
3,0 Gewichtsteile Natriumsilicat mit einem Verhältnis SiO2 : agO von 2,23.0 parts by weight of sodium silicate with a SiO 2 : agO ratio of 2.2
0,5 Gewichtsteile eines Silicophosphates mit 22 Gew.% SiO2 und 54 Gew.% P2O5 0.5 part by weight of a silicophosphate with 22% by weight SiO 2 and 54% by weight P 2 O 5
20 Gewichtsteile eines Phosphatgemisches aus20 parts by weight of a phosphate mixture
35 Gewichtsteilen Tetranatriumpyrophosphat 10 Gewichtsteilen primärem Zinkphosphat35 parts by weight of tetrasodium pyrophosphate 10 parts by weight of primary zinc phosphate
5 Gewichtsteilen Manganorthophosphat5 parts by weight of manganese orthophosphate
5 Gewichtsteilen Dinatriumdihydrogenphosphat5 parts by weight of disodium dihydrogen phosphate
15 Gewichtsteilen Kaliumpolyphosphat15 parts by weight of potassium polyphosphate
20 Gewichtsteilen Borsäure20 parts by weight of boric acid
10 Gewichtsteilen Hydroxylapatit10 parts by weight of hydroxyapatite
An einer Pilgerstraße zur Herstellung von nahtlosen Rohren wurden die Pilgerdorne mit einer wäßrigen Suspension des obigen erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels besprüht. Das Schichtgewicht auf der Dornstange betrug 20 g/m3, bevor der Umformvorgang begann.On a pilgrimage route for the production of seamless pipes, the pilgrim mandrels were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of the above-mentioned lubricant. The layer weight on the mandrel bar was 20 g / m 3 before the forming process started.
Nach dem Pilgerprozeß war die Dornstange glatt und frei von Zunderpartikeln. Die Rohrinnenoberfläche war ebenfalls glatt. Die Innenrauhigkeit der Rohre hatte bedeutend abgenommen. Sie betrugt im Mittelwert 10 μm.After the pilgrimage process, the mandrel bar was smooth and free of scale particles. The inner tube surface was also smooth. The internal roughness of the pipes had decreased significantly. The mean value was 10 μm.
Im Gegensatz dazu war bei Verwendung eines bekannten Schmierstoffes die Oberfläche der Dornstange mit Zunderpartikeln behaftet. Diese Partikel mußten nach zwölf Umformvorgängen von Hand abgeschliffen werden, was eine erheblichθ Verzögerung der Produktion darstellt und als unwirtschaftlich zu betrachten ist. Der Mittelwert der Innenrauhigkeit der Rohre war 53 μm. In contrast, the surface of the mandrel bar was tainted with scale particles when using a known lubricant. These particles had to be ground by hand after twelve forming processes, which represents a considerable delay in production and is to be regarded as uneconomical. The mean value of the internal roughness of the pipes was 53 μm.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Schmiermittel mit einem Gehalt von 75 bis 90 Gew.% Graphit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 1 bis 10 Gew.% Phosphate enthält.1. Lubricant containing 75 to 90% by weight of graphite, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of phosphates.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 3 bis 5 Gew.% Phosphate enthält.2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 3 to 5% by weight of phosphates.
3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich 1 bis 4, vorzugsweise 2 bis 2,5 Gew.% Alkalisilikat enthält.3. Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it additionally contains 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.5 wt.% Alkali silicate.
4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Alkalisilikat Natriumsilikat, zweckmäßig mit einem Verhältnis von SiO2 : NagO von etwa 2 enthält.4. Lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains sodium silicate as the alkali silicate, advantageously with a ratio of SiO 2 : NagO of about 2.
5. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 Gew.% Bentonit enthält.5. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally contains 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of bentonite.
6. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Bentonit mit einer BET-Oberfläche von 6 m2/g enthält.6. Lubricant according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains a bentonite with a BET surface area of 6 m 2 / g.
7. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich 0,5 bis 1 , vorzugsweise 0,7 bis 0,9 Gew.% Silikophosphat enthält.7. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally contains 0.5 to 1, preferably 0.7 to 0.9% by weight of silicophosphate.
8. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Silikophosphat mit etwa 22 % SiO2 und etwa 54 % P2O5 enthält.8. Lubricant according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains a silicophosphate with about 22% SiO 2 and about 54% P 2 O 5 .
9. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Graphit einen natürlichen oder synthetischen Graphit mit hoher Kristallinität und einem Aschegehalt unter 5 % enthält.9. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains as graphite a natural or synthetic graphite with high crystallinity and an ash content below 5%.
10. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Phosphate eine Phosphat ischuπg aus Tetranatriumdiphosphat, primärem Zinkorthophosphat, primärem Manganorthophosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und Kaliumpolyphosphat enthält. 10. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains a phosphate ischuπg from tetrasodium diphosphate, primary zinc orthophosphate, primary manganese orthophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and potassium polyphosphate as phosphates.
11. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Phosphatmischung enthält, die 25 bis 50, vorzugsweise 33 bis 43 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 3 bis 11 Gew.% primäres Zinkorthophosphat, 0,5 bis 20, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.% primäres Manganorthophosphat, 2 bis 25, vorzugsweise 5 bis 15 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und 8 bis 35, vorzugsweise 15 bis 25 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat enthält.11. Lubricant according to claim 10, characterized in that it contains a phosphate mixture containing 25 to 50, preferably 33 to 43% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, 1 to 20, preferably 3 to 11% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, 0.5 to 20, preferably contains 1 to 10% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, 2 to 25, preferably 5 to 15% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and 8 to 35, preferably 15 to 25% by weight of potassium polyphosphate.
12. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 10 oder 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phosphatmischung zusätzlich Borsäure und/oder Hydroxylapatit enthält.12. Lubricant according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the phosphate mixture additionally contains boric acid and / or hydroxylapatite.
13. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phosphatmischung zusätzlich 5 bis 25, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20 Gew.% Borsäure und/oder 0,5 bis 15, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit enthält.13. Lubricant according to claim 12, characterized in that the phosphate mixture additionally contains 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of boric acid and / or 0.5 to 15, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
14. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phosphatmischung etwa 38 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, etwa 7 Gβw.% primäres Zinkorthophosphat, etwa 5 Gew.% primäres Manganorthophosphat, etwa 10 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, etwa 20 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat, etwa 15 Gew.% Borsäure und etwa 5 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit enthält.14. Lubricant according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the phosphate mixture about 38% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, about 7% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, about 5% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, about 10% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, about 20% by weight % Potassium polyphosphate, about 15% by weight boric acid and about 5% by weight hydroxylapatite.
15. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als wäßrige Dispersion mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 20 bis 40 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 24 bis 35 Gew.% vorliegt, wobei sich die Prozentsätze von Graphit, Phosphaten bzw. Phosphatgemisch, Alkalisilikat, Bentonit und Silikophosphat auf den Feststoffanteil der wäßrigen Dispersion beziehen.15. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is in the form of an aqueous dispersion with a solids content of 20 to 40% by weight, preferably 24 to 35% by weight, the percentages of graphite, phosphates or phosphate mixture , Alkali silicate, bentonite and silicophosphate refer to the solids content of the aqueous dispersion.
16. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich wenigstens einen Festschmierstoff, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 1 bis 5 Gew.% enthält.16. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one solid lubricant, preferably in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight.
17. Schmiermittelzusatz, gekennzeichnet durch ein Phosphatgemisch, das aus 25 bis 50 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, 1 bis 20 Gew.% primärem Zinkorthophosphat, 0,5 bis 20 Gew.% primärem Manganorthophosphat, 2 bis 25 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und 8 bis 35 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat besteht. 17. Lubricant additive, characterized by a phosphate mixture consisting of 25 to 50% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, 1 to 20% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, 0.5 to 20% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, 2 to 25% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and 8 to 35 % By weight of potassium polyphosphate.
18. Schmiermittelzusatz nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er 33 bis 43 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, 3 bis 11 Gew.% primäres Zinkorthophosphat, 1 bis 10 Gew.% primäres Manganorthophosphat, 5 bis 15 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat und 15 bis 25 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat enthält.18. Lubricant additive according to claim 17, characterized in that it contains 33 to 43% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, 3 to 11% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, 1 to 10% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, 5 to 15% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate and 15 to 25% by weight % Contains potassium polyphosphate.
19. Schmiermittelzusatz nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zusätzlich 5 bis 25 Gew.% Borsäure und/oder 0,5 bis 15 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit enthält.19. Lubricant additive according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it additionally contains 5 to 25% by weight of boric acid and / or 0.5 to 15% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
20. Schmiermittelzusatz nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er 10 bis 20 Gew.% Borsäure und/oder 1 bis 10 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit enthält.20. Lubricant additive according to claim 19, characterized in that it contains 10 to 20% by weight of boric acid and / or 1 to 10% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
21. Schmiermittelzusatz nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus etwa 38 Gew.% Tetranatriumdiphosphat, etwa 7 Gew.% primärem Zinkorthophosphat, etwa 5 Gew.% primärem Manganorthophosphat, etwa 10 Gew.% Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, etwa 20 Gew.% Kaliumpolyphosphat, etwa 15 Gew.% Borsäure und etwa 5 Gew.% Hydroxylapatit besteht.21. Lubricant additive according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that it consists of about 38% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate, about 7% by weight of primary zinc orthophosphate, about 5% by weight of primary manganese orthophosphate, about 10% by weight of disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, about 20% by weight % Potassium polyphosphate, about 15% by weight boric acid and about 5% by weight hydroxylapatite.
22. Verwendung eines Schmiermittels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 als Dornschmiermittel. 22. Use of a lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 15 as a mandrel lubricant.
EP97927005A 1996-07-02 1997-06-11 Lubricant and use thereof Expired - Lifetime EP0909309B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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DE19626529 1996-07-02
DE19626529 1996-07-02
DE19637539 1996-09-14
DE19637539 1996-09-14
PCT/DE1997/001217 WO1998000483A1 (en) 1996-07-02 1997-06-11 Lubricant and use thereof

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EP0909309A1 true EP0909309A1 (en) 1999-04-21
EP0909309B1 EP0909309B1 (en) 2001-10-10

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US6177386B1 (en) 2001-01-23
WO1998000483A1 (en) 1998-01-08
EP0909309B1 (en) 2001-10-10
ATE206745T1 (en) 2001-10-15
AU3165297A (en) 1998-01-21
DE59704881D1 (en) 2001-11-15
ES2165063T3 (en) 2002-03-01
DE19780631D2 (en) 1999-07-08

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