EP0908671B1 - Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0908671B1
EP0908671B1 EP19970810752 EP97810752A EP0908671B1 EP 0908671 B1 EP0908671 B1 EP 0908671B1 EP 19970810752 EP19970810752 EP 19970810752 EP 97810752 A EP97810752 A EP 97810752A EP 0908671 B1 EP0908671 B1 EP 0908671B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swirl generator
fuel
medium
burner
swirl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19970810752
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0908671A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Timothy Dr. Griffin
Dieter Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to EP19970810752 priority Critical patent/EP0908671B1/fr
Priority to DE59710093T priority patent/DE59710093D1/de
Priority to CNB981245854A priority patent/CN1154799C/zh
Priority to JP28641498A priority patent/JP4155638B2/ja
Publication of EP0908671A1 publication Critical patent/EP0908671A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0908671B1 publication Critical patent/EP0908671B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the combustion of Fuels in a burner with a swirl generator according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a burner for Implementation of the method in accordance with the general concept of claim 7.
  • Burner systems for a heat generator are preferred for gas turbine operation designed.
  • fuels for Dual burners are used, also preferably medium or low calorific To use fuels (Mbtu or LBtu fuels) that are as it were conventional Fuels should be burned with low emissions.
  • Mbtu resp. LBtu fuels for example as gases from coal or heavy oil gasification originate, have large amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the ' The calorific value of MBtu fuels is only about a third - about 15 MJlkg - of which of natural gas.
  • a generic burner is known from document DE-A1-44 09 918 or from EP-A1-0 610 722 to operate a combustion chamber, of which the invention, as in the preamble of the independent Claims is characterized, goes out.
  • a premix burner is also known from the document EP-A2-0 777 082, which from the aspect optimized flow conditions.
  • the invention is based on the idea of using gaseous fuels, for example Natural gas, liquid fuels such as petroleum, as well as medium or low calorific Fuels, so-called Mbtu resp. LBtu fuels in one burner burn together with a swirl generator by the latter Fuel is injected axially and / or coaxially into the burner or swirl generator. These fuels are preferably injected into the interior of the swirl generator near the injector for the liquid fuel that injected in State within the swirl generator or burner the shape of a conical Liquid fuel column. This ensures that in addition to the finely atomized liquid fuel inside the swirl generator injected medium or low calorific fuels sufficiently well this is mixed.
  • gaseous fuels for example Natural gas, liquid fuels such as petroleum, as well as medium or low calorific Fuels, so-called Mbtu resp. LBtu fuels in one burner burn together with a swirl generator by the latter Fuel is injected axially and / or coaxially into the burner or swirl generator.
  • the feeding of medium or low calorific fuels upstream in the area of the liquid fuel injector also leads to a good mixing with the injected fuels and with the combustion air flow injected into the swirl generator.
  • the long mixing section leads to premix combustion, which has comparable good NO x emission values that can be achieved with natural gas premix combustion.
  • the burner according to the invention which is used to carry out the invention Method is designed as an extension to that described in the above German published patent application DE 195 47 913 A1 described dual burner view and points in addition to the fuel systems according to the invention for natural gas and liquid fuel, a third fuel system for feeding a medium or low calorie fuel in the swirl generator. So it ends preferably near the area of the central injector through which liquid fuel is injected into the interior of the swirl generator through the swirl shells of the swirl generator, through which medium or low calorie Fuel is injected into the interior of the swirl generator and atomized. The injection of the medium respectively. low-calorific fuel takes place axially and / or coaxially with the injection of the liquid fuel or to the axis of symmetry of the swirl generator. Medium or low calorific gas can come from coal or heavy oil gasification be won.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 consists of a swirl generator 1 and one Mixing section 2, which adjoins the swirl generator 1 in the direction of flow.
  • a conical structure that is tangential several times from a tangentially flowing combustion air flow 3 (see Fig. 2) is applied.
  • Shape and shape of the swirl generator 1 and by the shape of the swirl generator-generated flow is detailed in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 195 47 913 A1 with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 to which express reference is made here.
  • the formation of the swirl generator 1 adjacent mixing section 2 which consists of a transition piece 21 with transition channels 22 and a directly adjacent transition tube 23 is.
  • the mention of these burner components is only for the complete Representation of the burner unit for feeding in the combustion process required fuels.
  • an injection nozzle 4 for the introduction of liquid fuel into the interior of the Swirl generator 1 is provided.
  • Feed lines 5 are coaxial around the injection nozzle 4 the supply of medium or low calorific fuel is provided (see arrow representations), which penetrate the swirl generator shells 6, 7.
  • Via appropriate injection nozzles 8 also arrives at the air flow which forms inside the swirl generator 1 (not shown in Fig. 1) finely divided medium or low calorific fuel axially or coaxially in the swirl generator 1 and mixes with it.
  • feed lines 9 are provided for the gaseous fuel tangentially from the outside together with the combustion air flow into the swirl generator 1 is fed (see Fig. 2).
  • the additional coaxial feed compared to the prior art medium or low calorie fuel leads to an increase in the axial component of the Flow that after passage through the transition piece 21, in the preferably the transition channels 22 are introduced, and after passing through the mixing tube 23 leads to the so-called "swirl breakdown” (backflow bubble), which occurs at known dual burners in the area of the combustion chamber 10 in the immediate vicinity the mixing tube 23 forms, is literally blown away.
  • a highly efficient feeding of the medium or low calorific fuel is preferably carried out by coaxially introduced into the swirl generator shells 6, 6 ', 7, 7' Fuel nozzle openings.
  • Medium or low calorific fuel is injected via one or more injection nozzles 8 per swirl generator shell 6, 6 ', 7, 7'.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a swirl generator 1 designed according to the invention.
  • the injection nozzle 4 for liquid fuel is provided, around which several swirl generator shells 6, 6 ', 7, 7' are arranged.
  • Combustion air 3 is introduced tangentially into the interior of the swirl generator 1 tangentially between the respectively adjacent swirl generator shells 6, 6 ', 7, 7', which is mixed with natural gas with the aid of separate feed lines 9 with corresponding inlet nozzles.
  • the swirl generator shells 6, 6 ', 7, 7' are each penetrated by an injection nozzle 8 for medium or low-calorific fuel.
  • a plurality of injection nozzles 8 can also be provided per swirl generator shell 6, 6 ', 7, 7', so that the amount of medium or low-calorific fuel fed coaxially into the burner can be varied over wide ranges.
  • the addition of nitrogen or water vapor is dispensed with in order to reduce the NO x emissions. This has the advantage that the deterioration in the efficiency of the entire gas turbine plant associated with the dilution is avoided.
  • Medium or low-calorific gas can be obtained from coal or heavy oil gasification.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour la combustion de combustibles gazeux ou liquides ainsi que de combustibles moyennement ou faiblement caloriques dans un brûleur avec une chambre de turbulence (1) dans laquelle un combustible liquide est pulvérisé au centre et s'étend sous la forme d'une colonne conique de combustible gazeux (4') à l'intérieur d'une chambre de turbulence (1) et qui est entourée par un écoulement d'air de combustion (3) en rotation pénétrant axialement dans la chambre de turbulence (1), dans lequel écoulement un combustible gazeux et/ou liquide est injecté, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur de la chambre de turbulence (1), un combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique est injecté axialement et/ou coaxialement par rapport à l'axe de la chambre de turbulence (1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique est injecté non dilué sans ajout d'additifs.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur de la chambre de turbulence (1), le combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique injecté est mélangé à du combustible liquide et gazeux ainsi qu'à de l'air de combustion (3).
  4. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le champ d'écoulement s'étendant axialement dans le brûleur et se composant de combustibles et d'air de combustion (3) présente une composante d'écoulement axiale tellement grande qu'un risque de retour de flamme est réduit voire supprimé.
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique est du gaz et est produit à partir de la gazéification de charbon ou de fuel lourd.
  6. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que le combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique est pulvérisé lors de son injection dans la chambre de turbulence.
  7. Brûleur pour un générateur de chaleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, avec une chambre de turbulence (1) pour un écoulement d'air de combustion (3) et des moyens d'injection de combustibles, avec au moins un premier dispositif d'injection (4) pour du combustible liquide qui est pulvérisé au centre de la chambre de turbulence (1) et qui s'étend dans la chambre de turbulence sous la forme d'une colonne conique de combustible liquide (4') ainsi qu'avec au moins un deuxième dispositif d'injection (9) pour combustible liquide et/ou gazeux qui, conjointement avec l'écoulement d'air de combustion (3), est injecté dans la chambre de turbulence (1), caractérisé en ce que, dans la chambre de turbulence (1), au moins un troisième dispositif d'injection (8) est prévu, par lequel du combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique peut être injecté à l'intérieur de la chambre de turbulence (1), axialement et/ ou coaxialement par rapport à l'axe de la chambre de turbulence (1).
  8. Brûleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le troisième dispositif d'injection se trouve en amont dans la chambre de turbulence (1).
  9. Brûleur selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de turbulence (1) se compose de différentes coquilles de turbulence (6, 6', 7, 7') et qu'au moins un troisième dispositif d'injection (8) destiné à injecter du combustible moyennement ou faiblement calorique est fixé aux coquilles de turbulence (6, 6', 7, 7').
  10. Brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, par coquille de turbulence (6, 6', 7, 7'), plusieurs troisièmes dispositifs d'injection (8) sont prévus.
EP19970810752 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur Expired - Lifetime EP0908671B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19970810752 EP0908671B1 (fr) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur
DE59710093T DE59710093D1 (de) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von gasförmigen, flüssigen sowie mittel-oder niederkalorischen Brennstoffen in einem Brenner
CNB981245854A CN1154799C (zh) 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 在燃烧器中燃烧气态液态以及中卡路里或低卡路里燃料的方法
JP28641498A JP4155638B2 (ja) 1997-10-08 1998-10-08 バーナ内でガス状、液状並びに中カロリー又は低カロリーの燃料を燃焼する方法と該方法を実施するための熱発生器用のバーナ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19970810752 EP0908671B1 (fr) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0908671A1 EP0908671A1 (fr) 1999-04-14
EP0908671B1 true EP0908671B1 (fr) 2003-05-14

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EP19970810752 Expired - Lifetime EP0908671B1 (fr) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Procédé de combustion des combustibles gazeux, liquides et combustibles à moyen et bas pouvoir calorifique dans un brûleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0908671B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4155638B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1154799C (fr)
DE (1) DE59710093D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006058843A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de combustion d'hydrogene dans un bruleur a premelange

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19859829A1 (de) 1998-12-23 2000-06-29 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Brenner zum Betrieb eines Wärmeerzeugers
FR2792393B1 (fr) * 1999-04-16 2001-06-29 Pillard Chauffage Bruleur a plusieurs combustibles
DE59909531D1 (de) * 1999-07-22 2004-06-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Vormischbrenner
DE59907942D1 (de) 1999-07-22 2004-01-15 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Vormischbrenner
JP4625609B2 (ja) 2000-06-15 2011-02-02 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド バーナーの運転方法と段階的予混合ガス噴射バーナー
DE10029607A1 (de) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom Power Nv Brenner mit gestufter Vormischgas-Eindüsung
DE10064259B4 (de) 2000-12-22 2012-02-02 Alstom Technology Ltd. Brenner mit hoher Flammenstabilität
US6986311B2 (en) * 2003-01-22 2006-01-17 Joel Vatsky Burner system and method for mixing a plurality of solid fuels
EP1568942A1 (fr) 2004-02-24 2005-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brûleur à prémélange et procédé pour brûler un gaz pauvre
EP1614967B1 (fr) * 2004-07-09 2016-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et système de combustion à prémélange
US9593625B2 (en) * 2008-02-13 2017-03-14 Nigel A. Buchanan Internal combustion engines
CN102563646B (zh) * 2012-02-08 2014-05-07 王爱洁 低热值气体燃料燃烧装置
JP6769370B2 (ja) 2017-03-27 2020-10-14 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置及びガスタービン
DE102018114870B3 (de) 2018-06-20 2019-11-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennersystem und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Heißgas in einer Gasturbinenanlage

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4859173A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-08-22 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Low BTU gas staged air burner for forced-draft service
EP0580683B1 (fr) * 1991-04-25 1995-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bruleur, en particulier pour turbines a gaz, pour la combustion peu polluante du gaz de houille et d'autres combustibles
DE4304213A1 (de) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Abb Research Ltd Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage
DE4409918A1 (de) * 1994-03-23 1995-09-28 Abb Management Ag Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer
DE19545036A1 (de) * 1995-12-02 1997-06-05 Abb Research Ltd Vormischbrenner
DE19547913A1 (de) 1995-12-21 1997-06-26 Abb Research Ltd Brenner für einen Wärmeerzeuger

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006058843A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de combustion d'hydrogene dans un bruleur a premelange

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11190504A (ja) 1999-07-13
EP0908671A1 (fr) 1999-04-14
CN1154799C (zh) 2004-06-23
DE59710093D1 (de) 2003-06-18
JP4155638B2 (ja) 2008-09-24
CN1214430A (zh) 1999-04-21

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