EP0906800A1 - Method and device for making a hollow shaft having radial bulges by internal high pressure forming - Google Patents

Method and device for making a hollow shaft having radial bulges by internal high pressure forming Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0906800A1
EP0906800A1 EP98116383A EP98116383A EP0906800A1 EP 0906800 A1 EP0906800 A1 EP 0906800A1 EP 98116383 A EP98116383 A EP 98116383A EP 98116383 A EP98116383 A EP 98116383A EP 0906800 A1 EP0906800 A1 EP 0906800A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elevations
tool
semi
finished product
axial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98116383A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0906800B1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Dr.-Ing. Engel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schuler Hydroforming GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schafer Hydroforming & Co GmbH
Schuler Hydroforming GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0906800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0906800A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/047Mould construction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D15/00Corrugating tubes
    • B21D15/04Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically
    • B21D15/10Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically by applying fluid pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/84Making other particular articles other parts for engines, e.g. connecting-rods
    • B21D53/845Making camshafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a hollow shaft with outer radial elevations, in particular camshaft, from a preformed Semi-finished product after the hydroforming process.
  • the pipe section After closing the ends of the pipe section through the forming plunger, the pipe section with the help of a suitable Pressurized medium with high internal pressure and at the same time pressurized with axial pressure (through the forming plunger) on the pipe wall reshaped.
  • the axial pressure and the internal pressure cause the pipe section to the inner contour or wall having the final shape of the hollow body of the forming tool.
  • hydroforming the material is made into displaced the plastic state that under during the entire forming process Consideration of material hardening and any tool forces is maintained.
  • the invention has for its object a method and an apparatus to create the kind mentioned at the outset, with which the preformed Semi-finished products with targeted contour and shape of the mass accumulations achieve and thus elaborate post-processing, z.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that for required during hydroforming with the tool closed Transport of material into the forming zone, the preformed elevations or Constriction beads of the semi-finished product are axially applied.
  • the invention lies here the knowledge is based on the fact that in the internal high-pressure forming of this Semi-finished products due to their geometry difficult expansion situation with an over the circumferential expansion lying in the area of the mass accumulation, which requires special consideration of the material flow, then is coped with if the pressurization for feeding the material is not more as usual with the hydroforming process from the front of the Semi-finished product takes place, but directly over the already existing, pre-formed Elevations or constriction beads themselves. This is because one can gradual finish-forming by forming the surveys in groups and thus on a much smaller one in relation to the total length of the semi-finished product Allow section so that the longitudinal expansion can be significantly reduced.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the open Ends of the semi-finished product inserted into the tool from both sides in the hollow shaft retracting closure means, at least one of which has a feed for the pressure medium is formed, sealed, the entire semi-finished product during the introduction of the print medium over to adjacent surveys facing each other axially engaging tool means and after the hydroforming of this section the Tool means are solved, then the semi-finished product to the finished product one further step, determined by the distance between the surveys, into the Tool fed in and after the respective closing of the tool means media is introduced again.
  • the surveys can thus be Pressure build-up by pushing the axial blocks to their finished contour in steps Form individual production of the recorded group of surveys.
  • the semi-finished product is simultaneously with the Feed rotated into the tool. This can be done, for example, by means of a step-by-step workpiece feed already available manipulator achieve, the turning especially when offset over the circumference Surveys are required, as in the case of camshaft manufacture.
  • a device for performing the method provides that the tool a divided one, depicting the geometry of a group of elevations on the inside Block consists in which of two axially opposite axial blocks of the first axial block on the one hand with one of the basic geometry of the elevations corresponding recess completely includes a survey and on the other hand with its end face facing the second axial block from the outside to the creates the next survey and applies it during the second Axialblock is the outside elevation adjacent to the next elevation acted upon, one arranged between the two axial blocks, the Axial blocks slidably supporting center block the semi-finished product between the two charged surveys.
  • the example in Dovetail guides carried by the center block in the parting plane also subdivided axial blocks correspondingly lifted and after the handling process be closed again.
  • sealing lances engage in the open ends of the semi-finished product one, at least one of which is connected to a pressure medium source Has pressure medium supply. It is recommended that the sealing lances with one pressing a sealing ring against the inner wall of the semi-finished product Spreading mechanism are formed.
  • the sealing lances positioned thus close or chamber the pressure medium introduced via the feed into its effective space and limit it essentially to the respective group the surveys or constrictions to be formed.
  • the sealing ring with a tie rod engaging behind an anchor, the advantageously made of an elastic plastic material radially widen and press against the inner contour of the semi-finished product. With increasing The seal supports the internal pressure in the effective space of the pressure medium supplied also yourself.
  • the internal high-pressure forming machine shown is from one shown in FIG Semi-finished product 1, which is distributed over its length on the outside with several radial Surveys 2 to 9 is provided; the semifinished product 1 according to the embodiment serves as a preliminary product for a camshaft to be manufactured.
  • the semifinished product 1 is at least one free end 10 by means of a manipulator (not shown) into the - different from its functional position shown in FIG. 2 - completely opened tool 11, the one divided and the geometry of a group 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8.9 of the radial elevations 2 to 9 imaging block consists of a center block 12 and two opposite, in upper and lower Slideways 13 and 14 of the center block 12 arranged, i.e. of this supported axial blocks 15, 16.
  • the horizontal parting plane of the - thus two-part - Blocks 12 and 15, 16 and the vertical parting planes of the center block 12 in Reference to the axial blocks 15, 16 guided in it is the partially open one 3 according to the tool.
  • the center block 12 becomes more vertical Direction and the axial blocks 15 and 16 are acted upon in the axial direction.
  • the Axial blocks 15, 16 lie with their inner end faces 17 and 18 on the Outside of the - in the embodiment of FIG. 2 - group of two of the two radial elevations 8, 9. So that during hydroforming the radial elevations 8, 9 - and in the step sequence of group-wise subsequent conveying the elevations 6, 7 or 4, 5 or 2, 3 - with a local characteristic to cam 19 (cf. FIG. 3), the end faces 17, 18 of the axial blocks 15, 16 corresponding cutouts 20, which can be seen in more detail in FIG.
  • the gradual group forming first axial block 16 also has one of the Basic geometry of the elevations 2 to 9 corresponding recess 21 (see FIG. 3) in its two sub-blocks, with the first one being processed Group following survey 7 or 5 or in the penultimate step survey 3 completely includes; forming the last group, i.e. of the two neighboring ones Elevations 2, 3, the recess 21 remains free.
  • the one during the forming process required transport of material in the forming zone is consequently via the charged surveys 8, 9 - or in the case of inner beads, not shown Semi-finished products about this - achieved by yourself.
  • Sealing lances 22 serve to seal the semifinished product 1 during the forming or 23, the retracted from the two open sides of the semi-finished product 1 and with a sealing head 24 shown in Fig. 4 to the inner contour or wall of the Semi-finished product 1 are pressed.
  • This can - as for example according to FIG. 4 - by means of a cantilever projecting out of an anchor piece 25
  • plastic sealing ring 27 is radially widened (see the arrows in Fig. 4).
  • To introduce the pressure medium into the cam 19 to form it serving effective space according to FIG. 3 is at least one sealing lance 23 with a Pressure medium supply 28 formed, which is connected to a pressure medium source 29 is.
  • the mode of operation for the hydroforming of elevations 2 to 9 - or any other number of elevations or inner beads, depending on desired finished product - through group-specific production to cam 19 one Camshaft is accordingly such that when the tool 11 is completely open, by means of the Handling manipulator, the semi-finished product 1 axially fed and thus the first Group of the elevations to be formed is fed into the tool 11. Then the center block 12 is closed, using the example of FIGS. 2 and 3 (see Fig. 3) and then the two two-part axial blocks 15, 16 to the plant the center block 12 (see FIG. 2) moved together, due to the Shape or the cutouts 20 locally shape the cams 19; the finished Cams 19 can be seen on the right in FIG. 3.
  • the Lances 23 from the effective space of the introduced pressure medium.
  • the blocks 12 and 14, 15 of the tool 11 move in reverse Sequence apart, whereupon the camshaft or the semifinished product 1 transported and unhindered by the manipulator at the same time can be rotated so that the tool 11 or its blocks 12 and 14, 15 in can form another cam group in the same position and in the same cycle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The shaft is fabricated from a preformed semi- finished product with outer radial raised parts, in an internal high pressure forming process. To move material into the forming zone during the process when the tool is closed, the raised parts are charged with an axial load. The tool (11) consists of a divided block with internal shaping showing a group of raised parts. A first axial block (16) has an aperture enclosing a raised part (7,5,3), while its end face (18) facing the other axial block (15) loads the next raised part (8). The second block loads the neighboring raised part (9). A central block (12) encloses the semi-finished product (1) between the loaded parts.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Hohlwelle mit äußeren radialen Erhebungen, insbesondere Nockenwelle, aus einem vorgeformten Halbzeug nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren.The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a hollow shaft with outer radial elevations, in particular camshaft, from a preformed Semi-finished product after the hydroforming process.

Das Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren ist im Stand der Technik bekannt und in der einschlägigen Literatur beschrieben (vgl. DE-Z "Werkstattechnik 79 (1989)", VDI-Fortschrittsberichte, Reihe 2, Nr. 142, VDI-Verlag 1987). Es wird vorzugsweise zum Herstellen unterschiedlich geformter Hohlkörper aus einem Halbzeug, beispielsweise ein rohrförmiges Werkstück, angewendet. Wie bekannt, wird dabei ein Rohrabschnitt, z.B. aus Stahl oder Kupfer, in ein mehrteiliges Innenhochdruck-Umformwerkzeug ohne feste Innenmatrize mit Umformstößeln und einer Innenhochdruckquelle eingelegt. Nach dem Verschließen der Enden des Rohrabschnitts durch die Umformstößel wird der Rohrabschnitt mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Druckmittels mit hohem Innendruck beaufschlagt und unter gleichzeitiger Beaufschlagung mit axialem Druck (durch die Umformstößel) auf die Rohrwandung umgeformt. Der Axialdruck und der Innendruck bewirken, daß sich der Rohrabschnitt an die die endgültige Form des Hohlkörpers aufweisende Innenkontur bzw. -wandung des Umformwerkzeuges anlegt. Beim Innenhochdruck-Umformen wird der Werkstoff in den plastischen Zustand versetzt, der während des gesamten Umformvorgangs unter Berücksichtigung von Werkstoffverfestigung und etwaiger Werkzeugkräfte aufrechterhalten wird.The hydroforming process is known in the prior art and in relevant literature described (see DE-Z "Werkstattechnik 79 (1989)", VDI Progress Reports, Series 2, No. 142, VDI Verlag 1987). It will be preferred for producing differently shaped hollow bodies from a semi-finished product, for example a tubular workpiece. As is known, a Pipe section, e.g. made of steel or copper, in a multi-part internal high pressure forming tool without a fixed inner die with forming rams and one Internal high pressure source inserted. After closing the ends of the pipe section through the forming plunger, the pipe section with the help of a suitable Pressurized medium with high internal pressure and at the same time pressurized with axial pressure (through the forming plunger) on the pipe wall reshaped. The axial pressure and the internal pressure cause the pipe section to the inner contour or wall having the final shape of the hollow body of the forming tool. In hydroforming, the material is made into displaced the plastic state that under during the entire forming process Consideration of material hardening and any tool forces is maintained.

Von den durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung herzustellenden Bauteilen bereiten insbesondere solche Schwierigkeiten, die über ihre Länge verteilt im Abstand voneinander außen eine Massenanhäufung erfordern, wie das beispielsweise bei einer Nockenwelle, einer Getriebewelle oder einer Schwungwelle der Fall ist, wobei noch hinzukommen kann, wie vor allem bei Nockenwellen, daß die Nocken über den Umfang versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. Hierbei wird von Halbzeugen ausgegangen, deren Kontur sich durch Rundkneten oder beispielsweise auch Knickbauchen nach außen oder nach innen erreichen läßt. Je nach Vorverformung sind die Halbzeuge daher mit äußeren radialen Erhebungen oder inneren Einschnürungswulsten versehen.Prepare from the components to be produced by hydroforming especially those difficulties that are spaced along their length require mass accumulation from the outside, such as in a camshaft, a transmission shaft or a flywheel is the case, wherein can still be added, especially with camshafts, that the cam over the Are circumferentially offset from each other. This is from semi-finished products assumed the contour of kneading or, for example Knuckles can reach outwards or inwards. Depending on the pre-deformation are the semi-finished products with outer radial elevations or inner constriction beads Mistake.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit denen sich aus den vorgeformten Halbzeugen Fertigstücke mit gezielter Kontur und Formgebung der Massenanhäufungen erreichen und damit aufwendige Nachbearbeitungsverfahren, z. B. ein Feinschleifen oder Schlichtfräsen, vermeiden lassen.The invention has for its object a method and an apparatus to create the kind mentioned at the outset, with which the preformed Semi-finished products with targeted contour and shape of the mass accumulations achieve and thus elaborate post-processing, z. B. a Have fine grinding or finishing milling avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird für ein Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zum während der Innenhochdruck-Umformung bei geschlossenem Werkzeug erforderlichen Transport von Werkstoff in die Umformzone die vorgeformten Erhebungen bzw. Einschnürungswulste des Halbzeugs axial beaufschlagt werden. Der Erfindung liegt hierbei die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die bei der Innenhochdruck-Umformung dieser Halbzeuge aufgrund deren Geometrie schwierige Dehnungssituation mit einer über der Gleichmaßdehnung liegenden Umfangsdehnung im Bereich der Massenanhäufung, die eine besondere Berücksichtigung des Materialflusses erfordert, dann bewältigt wird, wenn die Druckbeaufschlagung zum Nachfördern des Werkstoffes nicht mehr wie beim Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren üblich von den Stirnseiten des Halbzeugs erfolgt, sondern unmittelbar über die schon vorhandenen, vorgeformten Erhebungen bzw. Einschnürungswulste selbst. Es läßt sich dann nämlich eine schrittweise Fertig-Umformung durch ein gruppenweises Ausformen der Erhebungen und damit auf einem bezogen auf die Gesamtlänge des Halbzeugs sehr viel kleineren Abschnitt ermöglichen, so daß sich die Längsdehnung entscheidend verringern läßt. This object is achieved according to the invention in that for required during hydroforming with the tool closed Transport of material into the forming zone, the preformed elevations or Constriction beads of the semi-finished product are axially applied. The invention lies here the knowledge is based on the fact that in the internal high-pressure forming of this Semi-finished products due to their geometry difficult expansion situation with an over the circumferential expansion lying in the area of the mass accumulation, which requires special consideration of the material flow, then is coped with if the pressurization for feeding the material is not more as usual with the hydroforming process from the front of the Semi-finished product takes place, but directly over the already existing, pre-formed Elevations or constriction beads themselves. This is because one can gradual finish-forming by forming the surveys in groups and thus on a much smaller one in relation to the total length of the semi-finished product Allow section so that the longitudinal expansion can be significantly reduced.

Eine Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß die offenen Enden des in das Werkzeug eingelegten Halbzeugs von beidseitig in die Hohlwelle einfahrenden Verschlußmitteln, von denen mindestens eines mit einer Zuführung für das Druckmedium ausgebildet ist, abgedichtet werden, das gesamte Halbzeug während des Einleitens des Druckmediums über an benachbarte Erhebungen einander zugewandt jeweils von außen angreifende Werkzeugmittel axial nachgeschoben wird und nach dem Innenhochdruckumformen dieses Teilabschnitts die Werkzeugmittel gelöst werden, danach das Halbzeug bis zum Fertigprodukt um jeweils einen weiteren, vom Abstand der Erhebungen bestimmten Schritt in das Werkzeug eingefördert sowie nach dem jeweiligen Schließen der Werkzeugmittel erneut Druckmedium eingeleitet wird. Die Erhebungen lassen sich somit durch Druckaufbau unter Schieben der Axialblöcke zu ihrer fertigen Kontur in schrittweiser Einzelfertigung der erfaßten Gruppe der Erhebungen ausformen. Diese gruppenweise Umformung erlaubt zudem den Einsatz eines sehr kleinen und flexiblen Werkzeugs, weil die aufzubringenden Schließkräfte entsprechend geringer als bei einem über seine gesamte Länge zu beaufschlagenden Halbzeug sind. Die dichtend in die Hohlwelle eingreifenden Verschlußmittel erfüllen dabei eine Hilfsfunktion, ohne am Druckaufbau selbst beteiligt zu sein; sie kammern das zugeführte Druckmittel in seinem Wirkraum ein.An embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the open Ends of the semi-finished product inserted into the tool from both sides in the hollow shaft retracting closure means, at least one of which has a feed for the pressure medium is formed, sealed, the entire semi-finished product during the introduction of the print medium over to adjacent surveys facing each other axially engaging tool means and after the hydroforming of this section the Tool means are solved, then the semi-finished product to the finished product one further step, determined by the distance between the surveys, into the Tool fed in and after the respective closing of the tool means media is introduced again. The surveys can thus be Pressure build-up by pushing the axial blocks to their finished contour in steps Form individual production of the recorded group of surveys. These in groups Forming also allows the use of a very small and flexible tool, because the closing forces to be applied are correspondingly lower than with an over its entire length are semi-finished products to be loaded. The poet in the Hollow shaft engaging closure means perform an auxiliary function without Pressure to be involved yourself; they chamber the pressure medium supplied in its effective space.

Nach einem Vorschlag der Erfindung wird das Halbzeug gleichzeitig mit dem Einfördern in das Werkzeug gedreht. Dies läßt sich beispielsweise mittels eines zum schrittweisen Werkstück-Vorschub ohnehin vorhandenen Handhabungsmanipulators erreichen, wobei das Drehen insbesondere bei über den Umfang versetzten Erhebungen erforderlich ist, wie im Falle der Herstellung von Nockenwellen.According to a proposal of the invention, the semi-finished product is simultaneously with the Feed rotated into the tool. This can be done, for example, by means of a step-by-step workpiece feed already available manipulator achieve, the turning especially when offset over the circumference Surveys are required, as in the case of camshaft manufacture.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sieht vor, daß das Werkzeug aus einem geteilten, innen die Geometrie einer Gruppe der Erhebungen abbildenden Block besteht, bei dem von zwei einander axial gegenüberliegenden Axialblöcken der erste Axialblock einerseits mit einer der Grundgeometrie der Erhebungen entsprechenden Ausnehmung eine Erhebung völlig einschließt und sich andererseits mit seiner dem zweiten Axialblock zugewandten Stirnfläche von außen an die nächstfolgende Erhebung anlegt und diese beaufschlagt, während der zweite Axialblock die zu der nächstfolgenden Erhebung benachbarte Erhebung von außen beaufschlagt, wobei ein zwischen den beiden Axialblöcken angeordneter, die Axialblöcke gleitbeweglich tragender Mittenblock das Halbzeug zwischen den beiden beaufschlagten Erhebungen einschließt. Zum Einlegen des Halbzeugs und bei dessen schrittweisem Weitertransport wird das in der durch das Halbzeug bzw. Fertigprodukt vorgegebenen Trennebene unterteilte Werkzeug geöffnet, wobei die beispielsweise in Schwalbenschwanzführungen von dem Mittenblock getragenen, in der Trennebene ebenfalls unterteilten Axialblöcke entsprechend mit abgehoben und nach dem Handhabungsvorgang wieder geschlossen werden.A device for performing the method provides that the tool a divided one, depicting the geometry of a group of elevations on the inside Block consists in which of two axially opposite axial blocks of the first axial block on the one hand with one of the basic geometry of the elevations corresponding recess completely includes a survey and on the other hand with its end face facing the second axial block from the outside to the creates the next survey and applies it during the second Axialblock is the outside elevation adjacent to the next elevation acted upon, one arranged between the two axial blocks, the Axial blocks slidably supporting center block the semi-finished product between the two charged surveys. For inserting the semi-finished product and at its gradual onward transport is achieved by the semi-finished or finished product predetermined parting plane opened tool, the example in Dovetail guides carried by the center block in the parting plane also subdivided axial blocks correspondingly lifted and after the handling process be closed again.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die den beaufschlagten Erhebungen zugewandten Stirnflächen der Axialblöcke zur Ausbildung von Nocken einer Nockenwelle mit einem die örtliche Umformung der Erhebungen begrenzenden Stirnflächen-Ausschnitt ausgebildet sind. Hiermit läßt sich die besondere Kontur der Nocken erreichen, da die Ausschnitte beim Zusammenfahren der Axialblöcke die örtliche Ausprägung der Nocken ermöglichen.It is proposed that those facing the surveys to be undertaken End faces of the axial blocks to form cams of a camshaft with a the local reshaping of the elevation-limiting end face cutout are trained. This allows the special contour of the cams to be achieved, since the Cutouts when moving the axial blocks together the local version of the Allow cams.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung greifen in die offenen Enden des Halbzeuges Dichtlanzen ein, von denen zumindest eine eine an eine Druckmittelquelle angeschlossene Druckmittelzuführung aufweist. Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, daß die Dichtlanzen mit einem einen Dichtring gegen die Rohrinnenwandung des Halbzeuges andrückenden Spreizmechanismus ausgebildet sind. Die in Position gebrachten Dichtlanzen schließen bzw. kammern somit das über die Zuführung eingeleitete Druckmittel in seinem Wirkraum ein und begrenzen diesen im wesentlichen auf die jeweilige Gruppe der auszuformenden Erhebungen bzw. Einschnürungen. Durch den von außen zu betätigenden Spreizmechanismus, beispielsweise eine durch die Lanze hindurchgeführte, den Dichtring mit einem Anker hintergreifende Zugstange, läßt sich der vorteilhaft aus einem elastischen Kunststoffmaterial bestehende Dichtring radial aufweiten und gegen die Innenkontur des Halbzeuges andrücken. Bei ansteigendem Innendruck im Wirkraum des zugeführten Druckmediums unterstützt sich die Dichtung zudem selbst.According to one embodiment, sealing lances engage in the open ends of the semi-finished product one, at least one of which is connected to a pressure medium source Has pressure medium supply. It is recommended that the sealing lances with one pressing a sealing ring against the inner wall of the semi-finished product Spreading mechanism are formed. The sealing lances positioned thus close or chamber the pressure medium introduced via the feed into its effective space and limit it essentially to the respective group the surveys or constrictions to be formed. By the outside too actuating spreading mechanism, for example a guided through the lance, the sealing ring with a tie rod engaging behind an anchor, the advantageously made of an elastic plastic material radially widen and press against the inner contour of the semi-finished product. With increasing The seal supports the internal pressure in the effective space of the pressure medium supplied also yourself.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der ein in den Zeichnungen anhand der Herstellung einer Nockenwelle aus einem Halbzeug dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiels des Gegenstandes der Erfindung näher erläutert ist. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Gesamtansicht eines Halbzeugs zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung;
Fig. 2
als Einzelheit einer Innenhochdruck-Umformmaschine das im Schnitt dargestellte, geschlossene Werkzeug zur schrittweisen Umformung einzelner Nockengruppen;
Fig. 3
das Werkzeug gemäß Fig. 2 in teilgeöffnetem Zustand und nach dem Vorschub der nächstfolgenden Nockengruppe des Halbzeugs; und
Fig. 4
als Einzelheit der in die Hohlwelle des Halbzeugs von beiden Seiten eingreifenden Dichtungslanzen deren einen Dichtring aufweisenden Lanzenkopf, schematisch dargestellt.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the following description, in which an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention illustrated in the drawings with reference to the production of a camshaft from a semifinished product is explained. Show it:
Fig. 1
the overall view of a semi-finished product for the production of a camshaft by hydroforming;
Fig. 2
as a detail of an internal high-pressure forming machine, the closed tool shown in section for the step-by-step forming of individual cam groups;
Fig. 3
the tool according to Figure 2 in the partially opened state and after feeding the next following cam group of the semi-finished product. and
Fig. 4
schematically shown as a detail of the sealing lances engaging in the hollow shaft of the semifinished product from both sides, the lance head having a sealing ring.

Zur Herstellung eines Fertigproduktes mit äußerer Massenanhäufung nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren in einer hinlänglich bekannten und daher nicht dargestellten Innenhochdruck-Umformmaschine wird von einem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Halbzeug 1 ausgegangen, das über seine Länge verteilt außen mit mehreren radialen Erhebungen 2 bis 9 versehen ist; das Halbzeug 1 gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel dient als Vorprodukt für eine herzustellende Nockenwelle.To produce a finished product with external mass accumulation after Hydroforming process in a well known and therefore not The internal high-pressure forming machine shown is from one shown in FIG Semi-finished product 1, which is distributed over its length on the outside with several radial Surveys 2 to 9 is provided; the semifinished product 1 according to the embodiment serves as a preliminary product for a camshaft to be manufactured.

Zu diesem Zweck wird das Halbzeug 1 an mindestens seinem einen freien Ende 10 mittels eines nicht dargestellten Handhabungs-Manipulators in das - abweichend von seiner in Fig. 2 dargestellten Funktionslage - völlig geöffnete Werkzeug 11 eingefördert, das aus einem geteilten und die Geometrie einer Gruppe 2, 3 bzw. 4, 5 bzw. 6, 7 bzw. 8,9 der radialen Erhebungen 2 bis 9 abbildenden Block besteht, und zwar aus einem Mittenblock 12 und zwei einander gegenüberliegenden, in oberen bzw. unteren Gleitführungen 13 bzw. 14 des Mittenblockes 12 angeordneten, d.h. von diesem getragenen Axialblöcken 15, 16. Die horizontale Trennebene der - somit zweiteiligen - Blöcke 12 bzw. 15, 16 sowie die vertikalen Trennebenen des Mittenblockes 12 in Bezug auf die in ihm geführten Axialblöcke 15, 16 ist dem teilweise geöffneten Werkzeug gemäß Fig. 3 zu entnehmen.For this purpose, the semifinished product 1 is at least one free end 10 by means of a manipulator (not shown) into the - different from its functional position shown in FIG. 2 - completely opened tool 11, the one divided and the geometry of a group 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8.9 of the radial elevations 2 to 9 imaging block consists of a center block 12 and two opposite, in upper and lower Slideways 13 and 14 of the center block 12 arranged, i.e. of this supported axial blocks 15, 16. The horizontal parting plane of the - thus two-part - Blocks 12 and 15, 16 and the vertical parting planes of the center block 12 in Reference to the axial blocks 15, 16 guided in it is the partially open one 3 according to the tool.

Wie in Fig. 2 mittels der Kraftpfeile F verdeutlicht, wird der Mittenblock 12 in vertikaler Richtung und werden die Axialblöcke 15 bzw. 16 in axialer Richtung beaufschlagt. Die Axialblöcke 15, 16 legen sich dabei mit ihren inneren Stirnflächen 17 bzw. 18 an die Außenseiten der - im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 - Zweiergruppe der beiden radialen Erhebungen 8, 9 an. Damit sich während des Innenhochdruck-Umformens die radialen Erhebungen 8, 9 - und in der Schrittfolge des gruppenweisen Nachförderns die Erhebungen 6, 7 bzw. 4, 5 bzw. 2, 3 - mit einer örtlichen Ausprägung zu Nocken 19 (vgl. Fig. 3) ausbilden lassen, besitzen die Stirnflächen 17, 18 der Axialblöcke 15, 16 entsprechende, aus Fig. 3 näher zu entnehmende Ausschnitte 20. Der in der Folge der schrittweisen Gruppen-Umformung erste Axialblock 16 weist außerdem eine der Grundgeometrie der Erhebungen 2 bis 9 entsprechende Ausnehmung 21 (vgl. Fig. 3) in seinen beiden Teilblöcken auf, mit der die jeweils erste der einer zu bearbeitenden Gruppe folgende Erhebung 7 bzw. 5 bzw. im vorletzten Schritt die Erhebung 3 völlig einschließt; beim Umformen der letzten Gruppe, d.h. der beiden benachbarten Erhebungen 2, 3 bleibt die Ausnehmung 21 frei. Der während der Umformung erforderliche Transport von Werkstoff in die Umformzone wird folglich über die beaufschlagten Erhebungen 8, 9 - bzw. bei nicht dargestellten Innenwulsten eines Halbzeuges über diese - selbst erreicht.As illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of the force arrows F, the center block 12 becomes more vertical Direction and the axial blocks 15 and 16 are acted upon in the axial direction. The Axial blocks 15, 16 lie with their inner end faces 17 and 18 on the Outside of the - in the embodiment of FIG. 2 - group of two of the two radial elevations 8, 9. So that during hydroforming the radial elevations 8, 9 - and in the step sequence of group-wise subsequent conveying the elevations 6, 7 or 4, 5 or 2, 3 - with a local characteristic to cam 19 (cf. FIG. 3), the end faces 17, 18 of the axial blocks 15, 16 corresponding cutouts 20, which can be seen in more detail in FIG. 3 the gradual group forming first axial block 16 also has one of the Basic geometry of the elevations 2 to 9 corresponding recess 21 (see FIG. 3) in its two sub-blocks, with the first one being processed Group following survey 7 or 5 or in the penultimate step survey 3 completely includes; forming the last group, i.e. of the two neighboring ones Elevations 2, 3, the recess 21 remains free. The one during the forming process required transport of material in the forming zone is consequently via the charged surveys 8, 9 - or in the case of inner beads, not shown Semi-finished products about this - achieved by yourself.

Zum Abdichten des Halbzeugs 1 während des Umformens dienen Dichtlanzen 22 bzw. 23, die von den beiden offenen Seiten des Halbzeugs 1 her eingefahren und mit einem in Fig. 4 gezeigten Dichtkopf 24 an die Innenkontur bzw. -wandung des Halbzeugs 1 angedrückt werden. Dies kann - wie beispielsweise gemäß Fig. 4 - mittels eines aus einer ein Ankerstück 25 aufweisenden, nach außen vorkragenden Zugstange 26 bestehenden Spreizmechanismus geschehen, der bei Zug einen vorteilhaft aus Kunststoff bestehenden Dichtring 27 radial aufweitet (vgl. die Pfeile in Fig. 4). Zur Einleitung des Druckmediums in den zur Ausformung der Nocken 19 dienenden Wirkraum ist gemäß Fig. 3 zumindest eine Dichtungslanze 23 mit einer Druckmittelzuführung 28 ausgebildet, die an eine Druckmittelquelle 29 angeschlossen ist.Sealing lances 22 serve to seal the semifinished product 1 during the forming or 23, the retracted from the two open sides of the semi-finished product 1 and with a sealing head 24 shown in Fig. 4 to the inner contour or wall of the Semi-finished product 1 are pressed. This can - as for example according to FIG. 4 - by means of a cantilever projecting out of an anchor piece 25 Drawbar 26 existing expansion mechanism happen, the one in train Advantageously, plastic sealing ring 27 is radially widened (see the arrows in Fig. 4). To introduce the pressure medium into the cam 19 to form it serving effective space according to FIG. 3 is at least one sealing lance 23 with a Pressure medium supply 28 formed, which is connected to a pressure medium source 29 is.

Die Funktionsweise bei der Innenhochdruck-Umformung der Erhebungen 2 bis 9 - bzw. einer beliebigen anderen Zahl von Erhebungen bzw. Innenwulsten, je nach gewünschtem Fertigprodukt - durch Gruppen-Einzelfertigung zu Nocken 19 einer Nockenwelle ist demnach so, daß bei völlig geöffnetem Werkzeug 11 mittels des Handhabungsmanipulators das Halbzeug 1 axial eingefördert und damit die erste Gruppe der umzuformenden Erhebungen in das Werkzeug 11 eingefördert wird. Danach wird zunächst der - am Beispiel der Fig. 2 und 3 - Mittenblock 12 geschlossen (vgl. Fig. 3) und sodann die beiden zweigeteilten Axialblöcke 15, 16 bis zur Anlage an den Mittenblock 12 (vgl. Fig. 2) aufeinandergefahren, wobei sie aufgrund der Formgebung bzw. der Ausschnitte 20 die Nocken 19 örtlich ausprägen; die fertigen Nocken 19 sind in Fig. 3 rechts zu erkennen. Während dieses Umformens dichten die Lanzen 23 den Wirkraum des eingeleiteten Druckmediums ab. Sobald das Ausformen beendet ist, fahren die Blöcke 12 bzw. 14, 15 des Werkzeugs 11 in umgekehrter Reihenfolge auseinander, woraufhin die Nockenwelle bzw. das Halbzeug 1 weitertransportiert und von dem Handhabungsmanipulator ungehindert gleichzeitig gedreht werden kann, so daß das Werkzeug 11 bzw. dessen Blöcke 12 und 14, 15 in gleicher Lage und im gleichen Zyklus eine weitere Nockengruppe anformen können.The mode of operation for the hydroforming of elevations 2 to 9 - or any other number of elevations or inner beads, depending on desired finished product - through group-specific production to cam 19 one Camshaft is accordingly such that when the tool 11 is completely open, by means of the Handling manipulator, the semi-finished product 1 axially fed and thus the first Group of the elevations to be formed is fed into the tool 11. Then the center block 12 is closed, using the example of FIGS. 2 and 3 (see Fig. 3) and then the two two-part axial blocks 15, 16 to the plant the center block 12 (see FIG. 2) moved together, due to the Shape or the cutouts 20 locally shape the cams 19; the finished Cams 19 can be seen on the right in FIG. 3. During this forming, the Lances 23 from the effective space of the introduced pressure medium. As soon as the molding is finished, the blocks 12 and 14, 15 of the tool 11 move in reverse Sequence apart, whereupon the camshaft or the semifinished product 1 transported and unhindered by the manipulator at the same time can be rotated so that the tool 11 or its blocks 12 and 14, 15 in can form another cam group in the same position and in the same cycle.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren aus einem vorgeformten, hohlwellenartigen Halbzeug, das äußere radiale Erhebungen oder in das Hohlwelleninnere wulstartig vorkragende Einschnürungen aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zum während der Innenhochdruck-Umformung bei geschlossenem Werkzeug erforderlichen Transport von Werkstoff in die Umformzone die vorgeformten Erhebungen bzw. Einschnürungswulste des Halbzeugs axial beaufschlagt werden.
Process for the production of workpieces according to the hydroforming process from a preformed, hollow shaft-like semifinished product which has outer radial elevations or constrictions protruding in the hollow shaft interior,
characterized,
that the preformed elevations or constriction beads of the semifinished product are axially loaded for the transport of material into the forming zone, which is required during the internal high-pressure forming with the tool closed.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die offenen Enden des in das Werkzeug eingelegten Halbzeugs von beidseitig in die Hohlwelle einfahrenden Verschlußmitteln, von denen mindestens eines mit einer Zuführung für das Druckmedium ausgebildet ist, abgedichtet werden, das gesamte Halbzeug während des Einleitens des Druckmediums über an benachbarte Erhebungen einander zugewandt jeweils von außen angreifende Werkzeugmittel axial nachgeschoben wird und nach dem Innenhochdruckumformen dieses Teilabschnitts die Werkzeugmittel gelöst werden, danach das Halbzeug bis zum Fertigprodukt um jeweils einen weiteren, vom Abstand der Erhebungen bestimmten Schritt in das Werkzeug eingefördert sowie nach dem jeweiligen Schließen der Werkzeugmittel erneut Druckmedium eingeleitet wird.
Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the open ends of the semi-finished product inserted into the tool are sealed by closure means which move into the hollow shaft on both sides, at least one of which is designed with a feed for the pressure medium, the entire semi-finished product facing each other during the introduction of the pressure medium via to adjacent elevations externally attacking tool means is pushed axially and after the internal high-pressure forming of this section, the tool means are released, then the semi-finished product is fed into the tool by one further step, which is determined by the distance between the elevations, and pressure medium is introduced again after the respective closing of the tool means.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, insbesondere zum Herstellen einer Nockenwelle aus einem äußere radiale Erhebungen aufweisenden Halbzeug,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Halbzeug gleichzeitig mit dem Einfördern in das Werkzeug gedreht wird.
Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in particular for producing a camshaft from a semifinished product having outer radial elevations,
characterized,
that the semi-finished product is rotated at the same time as it is fed into the tool.
Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Werkstücken nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren aus einem vorgeformten, hohlwellenartigen Halbzeug, insbesondere zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Werkzeug (11) aus einem geteilten, innen die Geometrie einer Gruppe (2, 3 bzw. 4,5 bzw. 6, 7 bzw. 8, 9) der Erhebungen (2 bis 9) abbildenden Block (12, 14, 15) besteht, bei dem von zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Axialblöcken (15, 16) der erste Axialblock (16) einerseits mit einer der Grundgeometrie der Erhebungen (2 bis 9) entsprechenden Ausnehmung (21) eine Erhebung (7 bzw. 5 bzw. 3) völlig einschließt und sich andererseits mit seiner dem zweiten Axialblock (15) zugewandten Stirnfläche (18) von außen an die nächstfolgende Erhebung (8) anlegt und diese beaufschlagt, während der zweite Axialblock (15) die zu der nächstfolgenden Erhebung (8) benachbarte Erhebung (9) von außen beaufschlagt, wobei ein zwischen den beiden Axialblöcken (15, 16) angeordneter, die Axialblöcke (15, 16) gleitbeweglich tragender Mittenblock (12) das Halbzeug (1) zwischen den beiden beaufschlagten Erhebungen (8, 9 bzw. 6, 7 bzw. 4, 5 bzw. 2, 3) einschließt.
Device for producing workpieces according to the hydroforming process from a preformed, hollow shaft-like semi-finished product, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the tool (11) consists of a divided block (12, 14, 15.) depicting the geometry of a group (2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8, 9) of the elevations (2 to 9) ) there is, in the case of two opposing axial blocks (15, 16) the first axial block (16) on the one hand with a recess (21) corresponding to the basic geometry of the elevations (2 to 9) an elevation (7 or 5 or 3) completely encloses and, on the other hand, with its end face (18) facing the second axial block (15), contacts the next elevation (8) from the outside and acts on it, while the second axial block (15) adjoins the elevation (9) adjacent to the next elevation (8) ) acted on from the outside, a center block (12) arranged between the two axial blocks (15, 16) and slidably supporting the axial blocks (15, 16) between the two loaded elevations (8, 9 and 6, 7 or 4, 5 or 2, 3).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die den beaufschlagten Erhebungen (8, 9 bzw. 6, 7 bzw. 4, 5 bzw. 2, 3) zugewandten Stirnflächen (17, 18) der Axialblöcke (15, 16) zur Ausbildung von Nocken (19) einer Nockenwelle mit einem die örtliche Umformung der Erhebungen (2 bis 9) begrenzenden Stirnflächen-Ausschnitt (20) ausgebildet sind.
Device according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the end faces (17, 18) of the axial blocks (15, 16) facing the loaded elevations (8, 9 or 6, 7 or 4, 5 or 2, 3) to form cams (19) of a camshaft with a the local deformation of the elevations (2 to 9) delimiting end face cutout (20) are formed.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,
gekennzeichnet durch
in die offenen Enden des Halbzeuges (1) eingreifende Dichtlanzen (22, 23), von denen zumindest eine (23) eine an eine Druckmittelquelle (29) angeschlossene Druckmittelzuführung (28) aufweist.
Device according to claim 4 or 5,
marked by
sealing lances (22, 23) engaging in the open ends of the semifinished product (1), at least one of which (23) has a pressure medium supply (28) connected to a pressure medium source (29).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Dichtlanzen (22, 23) mit einem einen Dichtring (27) gegen die Rohrinnenwandung des Halbzeugs andrückenden Spreizmechanismus (25, 26) ausgebildet sind.
Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the sealing lances (22, 23) are designed with a spreading mechanism (25, 26) pressing a sealing ring (27) against the inner wall of the semi-finished product.
EP98116383A 1997-10-04 1998-08-29 Method and device for making a hollow shaft having radial bulges by internal high pressure forming Expired - Lifetime EP0906800B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19743863A DE19743863A1 (en) 1997-10-04 1997-10-04 Method and device for producing a hollow shaft with external radial elevations by hydroforming
DE19743863 1997-10-04

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EP0906800B1 EP0906800B1 (en) 2002-04-03

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EP1657007A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-17 Joachim Hermann Schondelmaier Method and apparatus for forming workpieces
EP1801250A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-27 VIEGA GmbH & Co. KG. Parts made from copper alloy with low migration for conduits conveying fluids or drinking water
EP1900451A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-19 Kubota Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method of and apparatus for forming a hollow step-profiled shaft
WO2012065739A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag Method and apparatus for the production of a hollow component, and hollow component
EP2745951A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Method for producing a camshaft for an internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (1)

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DE102004030545B3 (en) * 2004-06-24 2006-01-05 Sebring Technology Gmbh Method and device for hydroforming a hollow profile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1657007A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-17 Joachim Hermann Schondelmaier Method and apparatus for forming workpieces
EP1801250A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-27 VIEGA GmbH & Co. KG. Parts made from copper alloy with low migration for conduits conveying fluids or drinking water
EP1900451A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-19 Kubota Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method of and apparatus for forming a hollow step-profiled shaft
WO2012065739A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag Method and apparatus for the production of a hollow component, and hollow component
EP2745951A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Method for producing a camshaft for an internal combustion engine
WO2014096988A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 C.R.F. Società Consortile Per Azioni Method for producing a camshaft for an internal-combustion engine
US10124397B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2018-11-13 C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni Method for producing a camshaft for an internal-combustion engine

Also Published As

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ATE215412T1 (en) 2002-04-15
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EP0906800B1 (en) 2002-04-03
DE59803596D1 (en) 2002-05-08

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