EP0892150A1 - System for cooling the trailing edge of a hollow gasturbine blade - Google Patents

System for cooling the trailing edge of a hollow gasturbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0892150A1
EP0892150A1 EP97810475A EP97810475A EP0892150A1 EP 0892150 A1 EP0892150 A1 EP 0892150A1 EP 97810475 A EP97810475 A EP 97810475A EP 97810475 A EP97810475 A EP 97810475A EP 0892150 A1 EP0892150 A1 EP 0892150A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribs
height
web
blade
trailing edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810475A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0892150B1 (en
Inventor
Prith Dr. Harasgama
Bruce Dr. Johnson
Bernhard Dr. Weigand
Pey-Chey Dr. Wu
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to DE59709275T priority Critical patent/DE59709275D1/en
Priority to EP97810475A priority patent/EP0892150B1/en
Priority to US09/111,778 priority patent/US6056508A/en
Priority to JP19751098A priority patent/JP4169834B2/en
Publication of EP0892150A1 publication Critical patent/EP0892150A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0892150B1 publication Critical patent/EP0892150B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187Convection cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2212Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2214Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
    • F05D2260/22141Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow Gas turbine blade, which extends from the blade root to the blade tip a longitudinally flowed channel extends in the area of the airfoil on the one hand from the inner walls of the rear edge, the suction side and the Pressure side and on the other hand from a connecting the pressure side with the suction side Web is limited, the inner walls of the suction side and the Printing page with a plurality of at least approximately parallel Ribs are provided.
  • the invention thus relates generally to a system for cooling a curved wall, which on one side of a hot medium and on a coolant flows around its other side.
  • Cooling poses a particular problem of the trailing edge area of such blades, which are in a closed circle are flowed through by the coolant.
  • the walls forming the rear edge include a narrow gap from which the heat is to be removed. For this, the Narrow gap in its width is not a minimal value for manufacturing reasons fall below. To avoid overheating the rear edge, you may also there are no large accumulations of material. In addition, the For strength reasons, the wall thickness should not fall below a certain dimension.
  • a cooling system of the type mentioned is known from DE-C2 32 48 162.
  • the area under consideration is equipped with ribs on its inner walls, which are parallel to the machine axis from the rear edge to the web. They are intended to trigger and promote turbulence.
  • the Rip a proper distance to the actual rear edge, which is therefore is rib-free.
  • These ribs have an axial extension constant height. Effective cooling of the actual rear edge area is done by blowing out the coolant via appropriately configured Elements.
  • the present invention has for its object a cooling system of the beginning to create the type mentioned, by increasing the turbulence in the Trailing edge area and other measures a considerable increase in Heat transfer coefficients can be achieved and heat dissipation is particularly improved from the existing narrow gap.
  • the new measure allows i.a. a formation of the trailing edge of the blade without Blow-out and thus allows the use of steam or others Media for cooling the blade.
  • the ratio of the height of the ribs to the local one Height of the canal increases from the rear edge towards the web or over the length of the ribs is constant.
  • This has the advantage that compared to the above State of the art, the trailing edge is subjected to greater pressure and at the same time the Web is relieved. The latter is important to avoid excessive tension on both sides Joints of the cool bar with the hot blade walls to avoid.
  • due to the rib configuration with constant local channel height ensures that fluid gets into the corner areas of the channel and there is a turbulent flow.
  • the ribs with constant local Channel height also ensure that a very strong secondary flow sets in, which is controlled by the large rib height in the free channel cross section becomes. This secondary flow takes warm fluid from the corner areas and supports the turbulent mixing in these areas.
  • a further relief of the web area is achieved when the height of the Ribs in the area of the web are reduced so early that the rib does not extends to the jetty or adjoins the jetty with a low height.
  • the turbulence then missing in this area advantageously reduces it Cooling of the web in the connection area.
  • the cast blade shown in Fig. 1 has three inner chambers a, b, and c on that of a coolant, such as steam, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing are flowed through.
  • a coolant such as steam
  • the inside of the blade contour forming wall W - which is surrounded on both sides by hot gases - by the Coolant flows around and give off their heat to the coolant.
  • Tools such as guide ribs, flow channels, inserts for impingement cooling and the like provided to improve wall cooling.
  • the coolant circulates in a closed circuit, which means that neither on the front edge, the suction side, the pressure side nor in the area of the Coolant is blown out of the trailing edge into the flow channel.
  • the problem with the actual trailing edge geometry is explained with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the gap E formed by the walls must have a minimum size in order to be able to absorb sufficient coolant to dissipate the heat generated.
  • the inner edge rounding must therefore be designed with the diameter d. This minimum diameter is usually determined by the manufacturing process, for example casting. For reasons of strength, a minimum wall thickness T cannot be exceeded either. In order to avoid overheating the rear edge, there must be no large accumulation of material there.
  • the dimension L a therefore generally corresponds to the wall thickness T. All of this means that the outer edge rounding must be carried out with a relatively large diameter D a . So far, cooled trailing edges are known.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow Gas turbine blade. It extends from the blade root 1 to the blade tip 2 a longitudinally flowed channel 3, which corresponds to the chamber c in Fig. 1. in the Area of the airfoil 4 is this channel from the inner walls of the Trailing edge 5, the suction side 6 and the pressure side 7 and the pressure side of one limited to the suction side connecting web 9.
  • the inner walls of the The suction side and the pressure side are inclined with a plurality and at least provided approximately parallel ribs 8, which are above the blade height are staggered.
  • the suction ribs and the pressure ribs are offset by half a pitch above the bucket height.
  • the ribs run radially outwards from the web 9 towards the rear edge an angle of 45 °. It is expected that the angle of attack is between 15 ° and 75 ° are suitable.
  • the effect of these inclined ribs is - in addition to the inherent, known function as a vortex generator - the following:
  • the rib structure creates a secondary flow in the duct, the warm air transported from the immediate area of the rear edge to the center of the channel. This warm air is replaced by colder air from the center of the duct.
  • the ratio of the height h of the ribs to the local height H of the channel 3 decreases from the rear edge 5 towards web 9.
  • This increase in height is in the Example chosen so that between the trailing edge and the web in each axial plane a freely flowed channel of approximately the same width is created. With this measure the coolant is evenly distributed over the entire flow Cross section reached. Only by introducing a location-dependent rib height are the two previously mentioned mechanisms for increasing heat transfer particularly effective.
  • the locally location-dependent rib height creates in Channel a flow that also flows into the narrow trailing edge area, since here the flow resistances are now about the same as in the rest of the canal.
  • the design of the new fins in the cooling passage also has a great impact positive and supportive of the above-mentioned secondary flow in the channel, which creates the air from the rear edge into the front channel area.
  • the high ribs in the front channel area induce a very strong one Secondary flow.
  • the height h of the individual ribs staggered above the blade height can of course be adapted to the local heat load.
  • a Enlargement of the ribs towards the tip of the blade is particularly then attached when the coolant passes through the channel has already warmed up strongly, so that with low rib height the required Temperature difference between the wall to be cooled and the coolant to the target Heat exchange no longer becomes smaller.
  • a variant is shown, in which also in the direction of the web widened ribs 8 on the pressure side 7 from the web 9 in the direction of the rear edge 5 directed radially outward and the ribs 8 'on the suction side 6 from the web in the direction Trailing edge are directed radially inwards.
  • This variant is considered based on the fact that more on the thermally more stressed blade side Heat must be dissipated if you are even in the rear edge area Metal temperatures above the profile circumference.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The arrangement comprises internal cooling fins (8), which run from the web (9) across the flanks, to the trailing edge (5). On the high-pressure flank (7) the fins are inclined radially outwards from the web to the trailing edge. On the low pressure flank (6) the fins are inclined radially inwards from the web to the trailing edge, and on each flank, the fins are approximately parallel. The fin height increases from zero at the flank/web intersection to a height, which varies along its length, to zero at the trailing edge. The ratio of the local height (h) of the fin to the local width (H) of the cooling passage (3) is constant over the length of the fin. Fins nearer the blade root are taller than those further from the root. The distance between adjacent fins can vary over the length of the blade.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kühlsystem für den Hinterkantenbereich einer hohlen Gasturbinenschaufel, bei welcher sich vom Schaufelfuss bis zur Schaufelspitze ein längsdurchströmter Kanal erstreckt, welcher im Bereich des Schaufelblattes einerseits von den Innenwandungen der Hinterkante, der Saugseite und der Druckseite und andererseits von einem die Druckseite mit der Saugseite verbindenden Steg begrenzt ist, wobei die Innenwandungen der Saugseite und der Druckseite mit einer Mehrzahl von zumindest annähernd parallel verlaufender Rippen versehen sind.The invention relates to a cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow Gas turbine blade, which extends from the blade root to the blade tip a longitudinally flowed channel extends in the area of the airfoil on the one hand from the inner walls of the rear edge, the suction side and the Pressure side and on the other hand from a connecting the pressure side with the suction side Web is limited, the inner walls of the suction side and the Printing page with a plurality of at least approximately parallel Ribs are provided.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich somit ganz allgemein auf ein System zum Kühlen einer gekrümmten Wand, welche an einer Seite von einem heissen Medium und an ihrer anderen Seite von einem Kühlmittel umströmt ist.The invention thus relates generally to a system for cooling a curved wall, which on one side of a hot medium and on a coolant flows around its other side.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Hohle, innengekühlte Turbinenschaufeln mit Flüssigkeit, Dampf oder Luft als Kühlmittel sind hinlänglich bekannt. Ein Problem stellt insbesondere die Kühlung des Hinterkantenbereiches von solchen Schaufeln dar, die im gechlossenen Kreis vom Kühlmittel durchströmt sind. Die die Hinterkante bildenden Wandungen umfassen einen Engspalt, aus dem die Wärme abzuführen ist. Hierzu darf der Engspalt in seiner Breite aus Herstellungsgründen einen minimalen Wert nicht unterschreiten. Um eine Überhitzung der Hinterkante zu vermeiden, dürfen auch keine grossen Materialansamlungen vorhanden sein. Darüberhinaus darf die Wandstärke aus Festigkeitsgründen ein bestimmtes Mass nicht unterschreiten. Diese Vorgaben führen dazu, dass innengekühlte Schaufeln mit grossen Rundungsradien an der Hinterkante versehen sind, was sich ungünstig auf den Schaufelwirkungsgrad auswirkt.Hollow, internally cooled turbine blades with liquid, steam or air as Coolants are well known. Cooling poses a particular problem of the trailing edge area of such blades, which are in a closed circle are flowed through by the coolant. The walls forming the rear edge include a narrow gap from which the heat is to be removed. For this, the Narrow gap in its width is not a minimal value for manufacturing reasons fall below. To avoid overheating the rear edge, you may also there are no large accumulations of material. In addition, the For strength reasons, the wall thickness should not fall below a certain dimension. These requirements result in internally cooled blades with large Rounding radii are provided on the rear edge, which is disadvantageous on the Blade efficiency affects.

Ein Kühlsystem der eingangs genannten Art ist bekannt aus der DE-C2 32 48 162. Der betrachtete Bereich ist an seinen Innenwandungen mit Rippen bestückt, die von der Hinterkante bis hin zum Steg parallel zur Maschinenachse vertaufen. Sie sind zur Turbulenzauslösung und -förderung vorgesehen. Dabei weisen die Rippen eine gehörige Distanz zur eigentlichen Hinterkante auf, welche somit rippenfrei ausgeführt ist. Diese Rippen weisen in ihrer Axialersteckung eine gleichbleibende Höhe auf. Die wirksame Kühlung des eigentlichen Hinterkantenbereiches erfolgt durch Ausblasen des Kühlmittels über entsprechend konfigurierte Elemente.A cooling system of the type mentioned is known from DE-C2 32 48 162. The area under consideration is equipped with ribs on its inner walls, which are parallel to the machine axis from the rear edge to the web. They are intended to trigger and promote turbulence. The Rip a proper distance to the actual rear edge, which is therefore is rib-free. These ribs have an axial extension constant height. Effective cooling of the actual rear edge area is done by blowing out the coolant via appropriately configured Elements.

Weitere Überlegungen, wie mittels Rippen die Wärmeübertragung in sogenannten Dreieckskanälen - wie sie der Hinterkantenbereich einer Gasturbinenschaufel darstellt - verbessert werden kann, sind in der Zeitschrift "Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer", Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept. 1994 auf den Seiten 574-579 in einem Artikel von Zhang et al dargelegt.Further considerations, such as using ribs to transfer heat in so-called Triangular channels - like the trailing edge area of a gas turbine blade represents - can be improved, are in the journal "Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer ", Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept. 1994, pages 574-579 in an article by Zhang et al.

Das Problem bei den mit Rippen gleicher Höhe bestückten Dreieckskanälen besteht indes darin, dass durch den grossen Querschnitt an der Basis des Dreiecks infolge des geringeren Widerstandes dort eine zu grosse Menge Kühlmittel durchströmt, während im spitzen Teil des Dreieckes nur eine geringe Menge Fluid, meist in laminarer Form, strömt. Dies kann zu den in der Folge erläuterten Unzulänglichkeiten führen. The problem with the triangular channels equipped with ribs of the same height is that the large cross section at the base of the Triangle due to the lower resistance there too much Coolant flows through, while in the pointed part of the triangle only a small one A lot of fluid, mostly in laminar form, flows. This can lead to the following explained shortcomings.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kühlsystem der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der durch Steigerung der Turbulenz im Hinterkantenbereich und weiterer Massnahmen eine beträchtliche Erhöhung des Wärmeübergangskoeffiezienten erzielt werden kann und die Wärmeableitung insbesondere aus dem bestehenden Engspalt verbessert wird.The present invention has for its object a cooling system of the beginning to create the type mentioned, by increasing the turbulence in the Trailing edge area and other measures a considerable increase in Heat transfer coefficients can be achieved and heat dissipation is particularly improved from the existing narrow gap.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 erreicht.According to the invention, this is done with the characterizing features of the patent claim 1 reached.

Die neue Massnahme erlaubt u.a. eine Ausbildung der Schaufelhinterkante ohne Ausblasung und ermöglicht somit die Verwendung von Dampf oder anderer Medien zur Kühlung der Schaufel.The new measure allows i.a. a formation of the trailing edge of the blade without Blow-out and thus allows the use of steam or others Media for cooling the blade.

Besonders zweckmässig ist es, wenn das Verhältnis Höhe der Rippen zur örtlichen Höhe des Kanals von der Hinterkante in Richtung Steg zunimmt oder über die Längserstreckung der Rippen konstant ist. Mit dieser Massnahme kann in jeder Radialebene von der Hinterkante bis zum Steg ein Querschnitt mit zumindest annähernd gleicher Sperrung und somit gleichmässiger Strömungsverteilung erreicht werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass gegenüber dem eingangs erwähnten Stand der Technik die Hinterkante stärker beaufschlagt wird und gleichzeitig der Steg entlastet wird. Letzeres ist wichtig, um zu hohe Spannungen an den beidseitigen Verbindungsstellen des kühlen Steges mit den heissen Schaufelwandungen zu vermeiden. Weiterhin wird durch die Rippenkonfiguration mit konstanter lokaler Kanalhöhe erreicht, dass Fluid in die Eckbereiche des Kanals gelangt und dort eine turbulente Strömung vorherrscht. Die Rippen mit konstanter lokaler Kanalhöhe gewährleisten überdies, dass eine sehr starke Sekundärströmung einsetzt, welche durch die grosse Rippenhöhe im freien Kanalquerschnitt gesteuert wird. Diese Sekundärströmung nimmt warmes Fluid aus den Eckenbereichen heraus und unterstützt die turbulente Vermischung in diesen Bereichen.It is particularly useful if the ratio of the height of the ribs to the local one Height of the canal increases from the rear edge towards the web or over the length of the ribs is constant. With this measure, in Every radial plane from the trailing edge to the web has a cross section with at least approximately the same blockage and thus even flow distribution can be achieved. This has the advantage that compared to the above State of the art, the trailing edge is subjected to greater pressure and at the same time the Web is relieved. The latter is important to avoid excessive tension on both sides Joints of the cool bar with the hot blade walls to avoid. Furthermore, due to the rib configuration with constant local channel height ensures that fluid gets into the corner areas of the channel and there is a turbulent flow. The ribs with constant local Channel height also ensure that a very strong secondary flow sets in, which is controlled by the large rib height in the free channel cross section becomes. This secondary flow takes warm fluid from the corner areas and supports the turbulent mixing in these areas.

Eine weitere Entlastung des Stegbereiches wird dann erreicht, wenn die Höhe der Rippen im Bereich des Steges frühzeitig so reduziert wird, dass die Rippe nicht bis zum Steg reicht oder aber mit einer nur niedrigen Höhe an den Steg angrenzt. Die dann in diesem Bereich fehlende Turbulenz bewirkt eine vorteilhafte verminderte Kühlung des Steges im Verbindungsbereich.A further relief of the web area is achieved when the height of the Ribs in the area of the web are reduced so early that the rib does not extends to the jetty or adjoins the jetty with a low height. The turbulence then missing in this area advantageously reduces it Cooling of the web in the connection area.

Weitere sinnvolle Ausbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further useful embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer innengekühlten Gasturbinenschaufel vereinfacht dargestellt. Darin zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schaufel im Querschnitt;
Fig. 2
den Hinterkantenbereich der Schaufel nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
einen Längsschnitt durch den Hinterkantenbereich;
Fig. 4
eine Variante der Rippenanordnung;
Fig. 5
das Detail z aus Fig. 1 mit einer zum Stand der Technik zählenden Hinterkante.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form using an internally cooled gas turbine blade. In it show:
Fig. 1
a blade in cross section;
Fig. 2
the trailing edge area of the blade according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
a longitudinal section through the trailing edge area;
Fig. 4
a variant of the rib arrangement;
Fig. 5
the detail z from FIG. 1 with a trailing edge which is part of the prior art.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Insbesondere ist nicht dargestellt, wie das Kühlmedium in den Strömungkanal im Bereich der Hinterkante gelangt und an der Schaufelspitze aus der Schaufel abgezogen wird. Die Strömungsrichtung der beteiligten Medien ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet. Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. In particular, it is not shown how the cooling medium flows into the flow channel Area of the trailing edge and at the tip of the blade from the blade is subtracted. The direction of flow of the media involved is with arrows designated.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte, gegossene Schaufel weist drei Innenkammern a, b, und c auf, die von einem Kühlmittel, beispielsweise Dampf, senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene durchströmt sind. Dabei werden die Innenseiten der die Schaufelkontur bildenden Wand W - die aussen beidseitig von heissen Gasen umströmt ist - vom Kühlmittel umströmt und geben ihre Wärme an das Kühlmittel ab. In der Regel sind zumindest in den zwei vorderen Kammern a, b zahlreiche ,hier nicht gezeigte Hilfsmittel wie Leitrippen, Strömungskanäle, Einsätze für Prallkühlung und dergleichen zur Verbesserung der Wandkühlung vorgesehen. Im Beispielsfall zirkuliert das Kühlmittel im geschlossenen Kreis, worunter verstanden wird, dass weder an der Vorderkante, der Saugseite, der Druckseite noch im Bereich der Hinterkante ein Ausblasen von Kühlmittel in den Strömungskanal erfolgt.The cast blade shown in Fig. 1 has three inner chambers a, b, and c on that of a coolant, such as steam, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing are flowed through. In doing so, the inside of the blade contour forming wall W - which is surrounded on both sides by hot gases - by the Coolant flows around and give off their heat to the coolant. Usually are numerous, not shown here, at least in the two front chambers a, b Tools such as guide ribs, flow channels, inserts for impingement cooling and the like provided to improve wall cooling. In the example case the coolant circulates in a closed circuit, which means that neither on the front edge, the suction side, the pressure side nor in the area of the Coolant is blown out of the trailing edge into the flow channel.

In der Hinterkammer c gibt es zwei Problembereiche. Zum einen die eigentliche dünnwandige Hinterkante, die von den heissen Gasen umströmt wird und einer besonders sorgfältigen Kühlung bedarf, da dort keine Filmkühlung durch Ausblasen vorgesehen ist und zum andern die Verbindungsstellen des Steges 9 mit den Innenwandungen der Saugseite 6 sowie der Druckseite 7, welche auf keinen Fall zu stark gekühlt werden sollen.There are two problem areas in the rear chamber c. For one, the real one thin-walled trailing edge, which is surrounded by hot gases and one Particularly careful cooling is required since there is no film cooling by blowing out is provided and on the other hand the connection points of the web 9 the inner walls of the suction side 6 and the pressure side 7, which on none Case should be cooled too much.

Die Problematik mit der eigentlichen Hinterkantengeometrie ist anhand von Fig. 5 erläutert. Der von den Wänden gebildete Enspalt E muss eine minimale Grösse haben, um genügend Kühlmittel zur Abfuhr der anfallenden Wärme aufnehmen zu können. Die innere Kantenabrundung ist deshalb mit dem Durchmesser d auszubilden. Dieser minimale Durchmesser wird in der Regel durch das Herstellungsverfahren bestimmt, beispielsweise Giessen. Aus Festigkeitsgründen kann ebenfalls eine minimale Wandstärke T nicht unterschritten werden. Um eine Überhitzung der Hinterkante zu vermeiden, darf es dort zu keiner grossen Materialansammlung kommen. Das Mass La entspricht demnach in der Regel der Wandstärke T. All dies führt dazu, dass die äussere Kantenabrundung mit einem relativ grossen Durchmesser Da auszuführen ist. Soweit sind gekühlte Hinterkanten bekannt.The problem with the actual trailing edge geometry is explained with reference to FIG. 5. The gap E formed by the walls must have a minimum size in order to be able to absorb sufficient coolant to dissipate the heat generated. The inner edge rounding must therefore be designed with the diameter d. This minimum diameter is usually determined by the manufacturing process, for example casting. For reasons of strength, a minimum wall thickness T cannot be exceeded either. In order to avoid overheating the rear edge, there must be no large accumulation of material there. The dimension L a therefore generally corresponds to the wall thickness T. All of this means that the outer edge rounding must be carried out with a relatively large diameter D a . So far, cooled trailing edges are known.

Unter Zuhilfenahme der an sich bekannten, mit der Schaufel vergossenen Rippen, indes in neuer Anordnung und Geometrie, löst die Erfindung mit ein und derselben Massnahme die vorherrschenden Probleme in beiden Bereichen.With the help of the ribs, which are known per se and cast with the shovel, however, in a new arrangement and geometry, the invention solves with one and the same Measure the prevailing problems in both areas.

Die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen das Kühlsystem für den Hinterkantenbereich einer hohlen Gasturbinenschaufel. Vom Schaufelfuss 1 bis zur Schaufelspitze 2 erstreckt sich ein längsdurchströmter Kanal 3, welcher der Kammer c in Fig. 1 entspricht. Im Bereich des Schaufelblattes 4 ist dieser Kanal von den Innenwandungen der Hinterkante 5, der Saugseite 6 und der Druckseite 7 sowie von einem die Druckseite mit der Saugseite verbindenden Steg 9 begrenzt. Die Innenwandungen der Saugseite und der Druckseite sind mit einer Mehrzahl schräg und zumindest annähernd parallel verlaufender Rippen 8 versehen, die über der Schaufelhöhe gestaffelt angeordet sind. Die saugseitigen Rippen und die druckseitigen Rippen sind über der Schaufelhöhe um eine halbe Teilung gegeneinander versetzt.2 and 3 show the cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow Gas turbine blade. It extends from the blade root 1 to the blade tip 2 a longitudinally flowed channel 3, which corresponds to the chamber c in Fig. 1. in the Area of the airfoil 4 is this channel from the inner walls of the Trailing edge 5, the suction side 6 and the pressure side 7 and the pressure side of one limited to the suction side connecting web 9. The inner walls of the The suction side and the pressure side are inclined with a plurality and at least provided approximately parallel ribs 8, which are above the blade height are staggered. The suction ribs and the pressure ribs are offset by half a pitch above the bucket height.

Die Rippen verlaufen vom Steg 9 Richtung Hinterkante radial auswärts unter einem Winkel von 45°. Es ist zu erwarten, dass Anstellwinkel zwischen 15° und 75° geeignet sind. Die Wirkung dieser schräg angestellten Rippen ist - neben der inherenten, an sich bekannten Funktion als Wirbelerzeuger - folgende:The ribs run radially outwards from the web 9 towards the rear edge an angle of 45 °. It is expected that the angle of attack is between 15 ° and 75 ° are suitable. The effect of these inclined ribs is - in addition to the inherent, known function as a vortex generator - the following:

Die Rippenstruktur verursacht eine Sekundärströmung im Kanal, die warme Luft aus dem unmittelbaren Bereich der Hinterkante in die Mitte des Kanals befördert. Diese warme Luft wird durch kältere Luft aus der Kanalmitte ersetzt.The rib structure creates a secondary flow in the duct, the warm air transported from the immediate area of the rear edge to the center of the channel. This warm air is replaced by colder air from the center of the duct.

Die versetzte Anordnung der Rippen auf der Saugseite 6 und der Druckseite 7 bewirkt folgendes:The offset arrangement of the ribs on the suction side 6 and the pressure side 7 does the following:

Gegenüber einer nichtversetzten Anordnung wird hierdurch eine sehr gute Anfachung der Wärmeübertragung erreicht durch eine Turbulenzintensivierung bei kleinem Druckverlust. Die Strömung wird andauernd gezwungen, den Hindernissen, welche die Rippen darstellen, auf Druck- und Saugseite auszuweichen, was in einem intensiven Wärmeübergang resultiert.Compared to a non-offset arrangement, this makes it a very good one The increase in heat transfer is achieved through turbulence intensification small pressure drop. The current is constantly forced to face the obstacles, which represent the ribs to avoid what on the pressure and suction side results in an intense heat transfer.

Das Verhältnis Höhe h der Rippen zur örtlichen Höhe H des Kanals 3 nimmt von der Hinterkante 5 in Richtung Steg 9 zu. Diese Höhenzunahme wird im Beispielsfall so gewählt, dass zwischen Hinterkante und Steg in jeder Axialebene ein frei durchströmter Kanal etwa gleicher Breite entsteht. Mit dieser Massnahme wird eine gleichmässige Kühlmittelverteilung über dem gesamten durchströmten Querschnitt erreicht. Erst durch das Einführen einer ortsabhängigen Rippenhöhe werden die beiden vorher genannten Mechanismen zur Erhöhung der Wärmeübertragung besonders wirksam. Die lokal ortsabhängige Rippenhöhe schafft im Kanal eine Strömung, die auch in den engen Hinterkantenbereich strömt, da hier die Strömungswiderstände nun etwa gleich gross sind wie im restlichen Kanal. Weiterhin wirkt sich die Gestaltung der neuen Rippen in der Kühlpassage sehr positiv und unterstützend auf die oben erwähnte Sekundärströmung im Kanal aus, welche die Luft aus der Hinterkante in den vorderen Kanalbereich schafft. Die hohen Rippen im vorderen Kanalbereich induzieren hierbei eine sehr starke Sekundärströmung.The ratio of the height h of the ribs to the local height H of the channel 3 decreases from the rear edge 5 towards web 9. This increase in height is in the Example chosen so that between the trailing edge and the web in each axial plane a freely flowed channel of approximately the same width is created. With this measure the coolant is evenly distributed over the entire flow Cross section reached. Only by introducing a location-dependent rib height are the two previously mentioned mechanisms for increasing heat transfer particularly effective. The locally location-dependent rib height creates in Channel a flow that also flows into the narrow trailing edge area, since here the flow resistances are now about the same as in the rest of the canal. The design of the new fins in the cooling passage also has a great impact positive and supportive of the above-mentioned secondary flow in the channel, which creates the air from the rear edge into the front channel area. The high ribs in the front channel area induce a very strong one Secondary flow.

Bei bestimmten Verhältnissen ist es günstig, wie experimentell nachgewiesen wurde, wenn das Verhältnis Höhe h der Rippen zur örtlichen Höhe H des Kanals über die Längserstreckung der Rippen konstant ist.In certain circumstances, it is favorable, as has been demonstrated experimentally was when the ratio height h of the ribs to local height H of the channel is constant over the length of the ribs.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, nimmt die Höhe h der Rippen im Bereich des Steges 9 stetig gegen null ab. Es versteht sich, dass herstellungsbedingt scharfkantige Verbindungen kaum möglich sind. Wie bereits erwähnt, hat diese Konfiguration den Vorteil, dass an der Verbindungsstelle des Steges mit den Innenwandungen das Kühlmittel nahezu störungsfrei an den Wandungen entlang strömt und damit weniger Kühlwirkung entwickelt. Selbstverständlich darf der Zwischensteg 8 niemals zu heiss werden. Sollte aufgrund der gewählten Konfiguration dieser Fall eintreten können, so besteht ohne weiteres die Möglichkeit, die Rippen bis zum Steg mit einer angepassten Höhe weiterzuführen, d.h. mit gleicher oder reduzierter Höhe.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the height h of the ribs in the area of the web 9 steadily towards zero. It goes without saying that, due to the manufacturing process, sharp-edged Connections are hardly possible. As already mentioned, this configuration the advantage that at the junction of the web with the inner walls the coolant flows along the walls almost without interference and thus less cooling effect developed. Of course, the intermediate bridge 8 may never get too hot. Should this be due to the configuration selected can occur, there is easily the possibility of the ribs up to Continuing the web with an adjusted height, i.e. with the same or reduced Height.

Die Höhe h der einzelnen über der Schaufelhöhe gestaffelten Rippen kann selbstverständlich der lokal vorliegenden Wärmebelastung angepasst sein. Eine Vergrösserung der Rippen gegen die Schaufelspitze hin ist insbesondere dann angebracht, wenn das Kühlmittel sich im Verlauf seines Weges durch den Kanal bereits stark erwärmt hat, so dass bei geringer Rippenhöhe die erforderliche Temperaturdifferenz zwischen zu kühlender Wand und Kühlmittel zum angestrebten Wärmeaustausch nicht mehr kleiner wird.The height h of the individual ribs staggered above the blade height can of course be adapted to the local heat load. A Enlargement of the ribs towards the tip of the blade is particularly then attached when the coolant passes through the channel has already warmed up strongly, so that with low rib height the required Temperature difference between the wall to be cooled and the coolant to the target Heat exchange no longer becomes smaller.

Eine ähnliche Wirkung kann erzielt werden, indem der Abstand der Rippen über der Schaufelhöhe variabel gestaltet wird. Selbstverständlich können auch beide Massnahmen kombiniert werden.A similar effect can be achieved by spacing the ribs across the bucket height is made variable. Of course, both can also Measures are combined.

In Fig. 4 ist eine Variante dargestellt, bei welcher die in Richtung Steg ebenfalls verbreiterten Rippen 8 an der Druckseite 7 vom Steg 9 in Richtung Hinterkante 5 radial auswärts gerichtet und die Rippen 8' an der Saugseite 6 vom Steg in Richtung Hinterkante radial einwärts gerichtet sind. Dieser Variante liegt die Überlegung zugrunde, dass an der thermisch höher belasteten Schaufelseite mehr Wärme abgeführt werden muss, wenn man im Hinterkantenbereich gleichmässige Metalltemperaturen über dem Profilumfang anstrebt.In Fig. 4, a variant is shown, in which also in the direction of the web widened ribs 8 on the pressure side 7 from the web 9 in the direction of the rear edge 5 directed radially outward and the ribs 8 'on the suction side 6 from the web in the direction Trailing edge are directed radially inwards. This variant is considered based on the fact that more on the thermally more stressed blade side Heat must be dissipated if you are even in the rear edge area Metal temperatures above the profile circumference.

Bei gegebenen Bedingungen - d.h. Geometrie und Wandstärke der Hinterkante und der seitlichen Wandungen; Geometrie der vom Kühlmittel zu durchströmenden Kammer c; Wärmebelastung der Schaufelhinterkante; Art, Temperatur und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmittels - sind demnach die Wahl des Rippen-Anstellwinkels, die lokale Höhe der in den durchströmten Kanal hineinragenden Rippen, die Anzahl und die Teilung der in der Radialen über der Schaufelhöhe gestaffelten Rippen massgebend für konstante Metalltemperaturen über der Blatthöhe.Given conditions - i.e. Geometry and wall thickness of the rear edge and the side walls; Geometry of the coolant to flow through Chamber c; Thermal load on the trailing edge of the blade; Type, temperature and Flow rate of the coolant - are therefore the choice of the fin angle of attack, the local height of the protruding into the channel Ribs, the number and division of those in the radial above the blade height staggered ribs decisive for constant metal temperatures above the blade height.

Messungen haben ergeben, dass der Wärmeübergangs-Koeffizient mit den neuen schrägangestellten Rippen mit lokal veränderlicher Höhe um ein Mehrfaches höher ist als mit den bekannten in axialer Richtung verlaufenden Rippen.Measurements have shown that the heat transfer coefficient with the new inclined ribs with locally variable height by a multiple is higher than with the known ribs running in the axial direction.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

a,b,cABC
Innenkammern der SchaufelInner chambers of the shovel
WW
SchaufelwandBucket wall
EE
EngspaltNarrow gap
LL
Länge der MaterialansammlungLength of material accumulation
TT
WandstärkeWall thickness
dd
innere Kantenabrundunginner edge rounding
DD
äusseere Kantenabrundungouter edge rounding
11
SchaufelfussBlade root
22nd
SchaufelspitzeBlade tip
33rd
längsdurchströmter Kanallongitudinally flowed channel
44th
SchaufelblattAirfoil
55
HinterkanteTrailing edge
66
SaugseiteSuction side
77
DruckseitePrinted page
8,8'8.8 '
Ripperib
99
Stegweb
hH
Höhe der RippeHeight of the rib
HH
örtliche Breite des Kanals 3local width of the channel 3

Claims (8)

Kühlsystem für den Hinterkantenbereich einer hohlen Gasturbinenschaufel, bei welcher sich vom Schaufelfuss (1) bis zur Schaufelspitze (2) ein längsdurchströmter Kanal (3) erstreckt, welcher im Bereich des Schaufelblattes (4) einerseits von den Innenwandungen der Hinterkante (5), der Saugseite (6) und der Druckseite (7) und andererseits von einem die Druckseite mit der Saugseite verbindenden Steg (9) begrenzt ist, wobei die Innenwandungen der Saugseite und der Druckseite mit einer Mehrzahl von zumindest annähernd parallel verlaufender Rippen (8) versehen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (8) vom Steg (9) in Richtung Hinterkante (5) schräg verlaufen und an zumindest einer der beiden Innenwandungen radial auswärts gerichtet sind.
Cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow gas turbine blade, in which a channel (3) with a longitudinal flow extends from the blade root (1) to the tip of the blade (2) (6) and the pressure side (7) and, on the other hand, is delimited by a web (9) connecting the pressure side to the suction side, the inner walls of the suction side and the pressure side being provided with a plurality of at least approximately parallel ribs (8),
characterized in that the ribs (8) run obliquely from the web (9) towards the rear edge (5) and are directed radially outwards on at least one of the two inner walls.
Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über der Schaufelhöhe die saugseitigen Rippen und die druckseitigen Rippen (um eine halbe Teilung) gegeneinander versetzt sind.Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that over the Blade height the ribs on the suction side and the ribs on the pressure side (um half a division) are offset from one another. Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe (h) der Rippen (8) von der Hinterkante (5) in Richtung Steg (9) zunimmt.Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (h) the ribs (8) increase from the rear edge (5) in the direction of the web (9). Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis Höhe (h) der Rippen (8) zur örtlichen Höhe (H) des Kanals (4) über die Längserstreckung der Rippen konstant ist. Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio Height (h) of the ribs (8) to the local height (H) of the channel (4) over the The length of the ribs is constant. Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe (h) der Rippen (8) im Bereich des Steges (9) abnimmt.Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (h) the ribs (8) in the area of the web (9) decreases. Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe h der Rippen (8) über der Schaufelhöhe variabel ist.Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the height h the ribs (8) are variable above the bucket height. Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,. dass die Teilung der Rippen (8) zueinander über der Schaufelhöhe variabel ist.Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized ,. that division the ribs (8) are variable relative to one another above the blade height. Kühlsystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (8) an der Druckseite (7) vom Steg (9) in Richtung Hinterkante (5) radial auswärts gerichtet und die Rippen (8') an der Saugseite (6) vom Steg (9) in Richtung Hinterkante (5) radial einwärts gerichtet sind oder umgekehrt.Cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that the ribs (8) on the pressure side (7) from the web (9) towards the rear edge (5) radially directed outwards and the ribs (8 ') on the suction side (6) from the web (9) in Direction radially inward towards the rear edge (5) or vice versa.
EP97810475A 1997-07-14 1997-07-14 System for cooling the trailing edge of a hollow gasturbine blade Expired - Lifetime EP0892150B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59709275T DE59709275D1 (en) 1997-07-14 1997-07-14 Cooling system for the trailing edge area of a hollow gas turbine blade
EP97810475A EP0892150B1 (en) 1997-07-14 1997-07-14 System for cooling the trailing edge of a hollow gasturbine blade
US09/111,778 US6056508A (en) 1997-07-14 1998-07-08 Cooling system for the trailing edge region of a hollow gas turbine blade
JP19751098A JP4169834B2 (en) 1997-07-14 1998-07-13 Cooling device for the trailing edge region of a hollow gas turbine blade

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810475A EP0892150B1 (en) 1997-07-14 1997-07-14 System for cooling the trailing edge of a hollow gasturbine blade

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EP0892150B1 EP0892150B1 (en) 2003-02-05

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WO2001071164A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade
EP1167690A1 (en) 2000-06-21 2002-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling of the trailing edge of a gas turbine airfoil
US9388700B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2016-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine airfoil cooling circuit

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JP6245740B2 (en) * 2013-11-20 2017-12-13 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Gas turbine blade
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WO2001000965A1 (en) * 1999-06-28 2001-01-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Component that can be subjected to hot gas, especially a turbine blade
US6641362B1 (en) 1999-06-28 2003-11-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Component that can be subjected to hot gas, especially in a turbine blade
WO2001071164A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade
EP1167690A1 (en) 2000-06-21 2002-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling of the trailing edge of a gas turbine airfoil
US9388700B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2016-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine airfoil cooling circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH1172004A (en) 1999-03-16
US6056508A (en) 2000-05-02
EP0892150B1 (en) 2003-02-05
JP4169834B2 (en) 2008-10-22
DE59709275D1 (en) 2003-03-13

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