EP0890400B1 - Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge - Google Patents
Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0890400B1 EP0890400B1 EP97810381A EP97810381A EP0890400B1 EP 0890400 B1 EP0890400 B1 EP 0890400B1 EP 97810381 A EP97810381 A EP 97810381A EP 97810381 A EP97810381 A EP 97810381A EP 0890400 B1 EP0890400 B1 EP 0890400B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- heat
- cooling
- casting material
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 102000001999 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010040742 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a casting method for manufacturing of metallic castings according to the generic term of independent claim.
- castings for example cast iron, specifically a gray cast iron alloy
- a casting mold for example one in a mold pit modeled sand mold or a mold, placed where it solidifies by giving off heat to the casting mold.
- Solidification runs complex chemical and physical Operations.
- spatial and temporal The course of solidification of the cast material has a decisive one Influence on the developing structure and thus the mechanical properties of the casting.
- the z. B. for gray cast iron alloys usually below 300 ° C is chosen to cool in the mold before leaving can be demolded.
- the spatial and temporal The cooling process of the cast material has an essential one Influence on the mechanical properties for example the internal stresses of the castings. Since that The casting material increasingly heats up the casting mold Cooling rate of the cast material with increasing dwell time in the mold and can, for example, before Unpacking temperature reached below 1 ° C decrease per hour. This is the cooling time of the Foundry comparatively compared to the solidification time long.
- large-volume castings such as B. Engine housings of large diesel engines often result Cooling down of several weeks. Because in foundries Only a few molded pits are available for reasons of space stand in which such large-volume castings the long cooling times are producible essential limiting factor for the achievable Production capacity and are therefore below disadvantageous economic aspects.
- EP-A-0 065 208 deals with the manufacture thick-walled, container-like cast iron castings with nodular graphite (spheroidal graphite iron), such as as Transport container used for used fuel assemblies become.
- nodular graphite spheroidal graphite iron
- Transport container used for used fuel assemblies become.
- To produce a fine-grained, low-segregation and pore-free casting structure is proposed Relentlessly building the mold core and the outer shape entire inner surface with a liquid, in the system evaporating liquid to cool and so pour to dimension that the cast iron solidifies in them before the eutectic solidification of the casting begins.
- the lost mold core includes an iron sheet jacket with welded-on lid, which covers the inner surface shape the thick-walled container. The sheet metal jacket and the lid are separated after cooling and from removed the casting.
- DE-C-855 151 discloses a process for the production of steel blocks with which the solidification of the Foundry goods should be accelerated by less To generate internal defects in the structure.
- the mold according to DE-C-855 151 is a sand mold with an inner one Sheet metal jacket, which the outer boundary surface of the Steel blocks are formed and welded to the steel block.
- several cooling coils are inlaid which water or compressed air is introduced. With these Cooling coils will cover the entire outer surface of the Steel blocks cooled.
- a casting process for manufacturing metallic castings to provide the front does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
- the casting process should produce as economically as possible allow metallic castings. In particular, it should enable the process, especially in Giesslingen large mass, to significantly reduce the cooling times. Furthermore, the casting process should make it possible also complex structured castings such as engine housings for large diesel engines, where one elaborate thermal post-processing can be dispensed with can be accepted without sacrificing quality Need to become.
- the Casting method according to the invention for producing metallic castings from a cast material in which the cast material in a liquid state in a mold, in particular a sand mold, is introduced and that The cast material solidifies in the mold and cools, whereby the Cast material in the mold controlled by a cooling system is cooled, is particularly characterized by that depending on the geometry of the casting and the desired metallurgical effects at least local spatial area of the casting is specified in which the cast material is heated in a targeted and controlled manner withdrawn that the cooling system for the controlled Deprivation of heat in terms of its placement and shape is adapted to this local spatial area, and that controlled heat extraction only by means of flowing Air is made from this local area.
- Controlled cooling can be spatially and temporally Solidification process and / or cooling process in the cast material control actively and specifically. This allows especially the cooling time that the cast material needs, to reach its unpacking temperature, considerably shorten.
- the cast material is in the mold in at least one Specifiable spatial area targeted and controlled Deprived of heat.
- solidification of the cast material controlled by targeted heat extraction become.
- the cast material in the mold in several Specifiable and controlled spatial areas
- To withdraw heat being the different areas of heat extracted from spatial areas are essentially independently controllable.
- This has the particular advantage that the spatial course solidification and / or cooling active and can be influenced in a controlled manner.
- the mechanical properties of the castings already at the Influencing manufacturing in a controlled manner.
- the heat is extracted by means of air, because air enters inexpensive, easy to handle and is safe cooling medium.
- the cooling system preferably comprises at least one Pipe system for the flowing air, through which the Foundry in at least one predeterminable spatial Targeted and controlled area of heat can be extracted.
- This constructively simple measure makes it possible spatial and temporal solidification and / or The cooling process in the cast material is controlled too influence.
- the pipe system can for example in or between the sand cores of the Sand form run.
- the cooling system includes one preferred variant furthermore a transmission medium, which thermally connects the pipe system with the cast material coupled.
- This transmission medium can in the simplest execution sand or a sand core.
- Around to achieve better thermal contact can Transmission medium but also a better heat conductive Material, e.g. B. graphite.
- the pipe system partly on or in graphite plates that are in direct physical contact with the Stand cast material.
- the cooling system preferably comprises at least two Pipe systems for air, through which the cast material in targeted and several predeterminable spatial areas controlled heat is withdrawable, the means of amounts of heat extracted from different pipe systems are essentially independently controllable.
- the inventive casting process for the production of metallic castings is particularly characterized by this characterized that the cast material in the mold controlled cooling or that a cooling system for controlled cooling of the cast material is provided.
- controlled cooling means that - in the Difference to passive solidification or cooling down - heat is actively removed from the casting material or the casting mold and controls the amount of heat extracted can be influenced.
- a first embodiment of the invention relates on the manufacture of engine housings for Large diesel engines, such as those used in shipbuilding be used.
- engine housings for Large diesel engines such as those used in shipbuilding be used.
- Such engine cases that are typically extremely complex, that means many cavities and recesses as well as a large one Have number of partitions of different thickness, are usually poured into sand molds that according to the desired shape of the one to be manufactured Castings, possibly taking into account one Machining allowance to be modeled.
- Fig. 1 shows a partially schematic representation a motor housing 1 in a mold pit 2, which as Permanent form, i.e. designed for multiple use.
- the engine housing 1 includes a crank chamber 11 and a cylinder space 12 in which two cylinders 122 are recognizable.
- the motor housing usually comprises 1 several, for example ten or twelve cylinders 122, which are arranged in pairs in a row. On the further details of that shown in Fig. 1 Motor housing 1 is not discussed here because on the one hand, this is not essential for understanding the Invention and the other are well known.
- the mold pit 2 for example made of cement sand consists of several sand cores.
- a Sand core is made from a binder Quartz sand or another sand-like mineral z. B. by chemical or thermal curing created.
- the individual sand cores that normally only are designed for single use, are in the Form pit assembled or combined such that the cavities between them in their entirety essentially the shape of the casting to be made for the motor housing 1 correspond.
- the 1 shows essentially all cavities and recesses in the motor housing 1 to be produced and the space between the motor housing 1 and the Floor 21 or the inner wall 22 of the mold pit 2 through appropriately shaped sand cores. Because of better clarity is in Fig. 1 on a explicit representation of the sand cores waived and therefore the motor housing 1 shown by the The totality of voids between and in the sand cores is formed.
- the sand mold After the sand mold is created this way, it will liquid castings, usually a cast iron alloy, poured into the sand mold and flows into the cavities, where it solidifies and cools, causing the depicted Motor housing 1 is created.
- liquid castings usually a cast iron alloy
- a cooling system is controlled Cooling of the cast material.
- the illustrated embodiment includes the cooling system several pipe systems that include a crankcase cooler 3 (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) and a floor cooler 4 (see Fig. 4) form.
- a pipe becomes fluid through the pipe systems
- the heat transfer medium moves the casting material or the casting mold Deprives heat. Air is used as the heat transfer medium because this medium is easy to use, harmless, inexpensive and efficient, even with the usual high temperatures of the cast material.
- the air can for example by means of a fan or Blower can be moved through the pipe systems.
- the one The amount of heat extracted from the casting material can be Flow rate of air in relation to time in simple Way through valves, throttle valves or other Control dosing devices. For example, by increasing the flow velocity of the air or by increasing the pressure of the air fed in Increase cooling capacity of the cooling system. In practice it has it has proven itself to supply compressed air of up to a few bar Feed pipe systems.
- the control of the in the individual pipe systems flowing air volumes can both input and output of the pipe systems respectively. The control takes place for practical reasons but preferably on the output side.
- two are in essential independent pipe systems provided, namely the crankcase cooler 3 and the floor cooler 4.
- This is it is possible to cast the casting material in different spatial Extract areas in a targeted and controlled manner, whereby the amounts of heat extracted from the various areas in the are essentially independently controllable.
- Temperature profile i.e. the temperature distribution in the Casting, controlled influence.
- the pipes of the pipe system in the mold can be the spatial areas in which the casting material is Pipe systems pretend heat is withdrawn.
- the explicit The design and placement of the pipe systems is based depending on the geometry of the casting and the concrete Application.
- the Crankcase cooler 3 the cast material in the border area between the crank chamber 11 and the cylinder chamber 12, that is where there is one due to the geometry of the casting Heat build-up can occur, locally extracting heat.
- the Floor cooler 4 is used to extract heat from the floor area the engine housing 1.
- temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c for example thermocouples cast in the cast material, provided with which show the local temperature of the casting different places is continuously recorded.
- there is a first Temperature sensor 5a in the bottom area a second Temperature sensor 5b in the center of the border area between Cylinder 12 and crank chamber 11 and a third Temperature sensor 5c in the flange area of the motor housing 1 provided. From the measured values of the three The current temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c Determine the temperature profile in the cast material.
- the Temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c transmit their measured values for example to a regulation 6, by means of which the Air volumes in the pipe systems can be controlled.
- the Regulation 6 sets the flow rate of air in the individual pipe systems, for example via a corresponding control of not shown Throttle devices controlled such that, depending on current temperature profile in the Giessling, the one or other spatial area of the casting a larger one or less heat is withdrawn per time. It comes for example in the area of the second temperature sensor 5b to a heat accumulation, recognizable by a large one Difference between that of the second temperature sensor 5b and the third temperature sensor 5c measured Temperatures, so the regulation 6 Cooling capacity of the crankcase cooler 3 by enlarging the flow rate in air increases so that this approach the two temperatures.
- the pipe system forming the crankcase cooler 3 is in 2 is shown in a side view and in Fig. 3rd in a view from the direction III-III in Fig. 2.
- the crankcase cooler is preferably 3rd in one piece from a tube, for example a steel tube manufactured.
- the crankcase cooler 3 has a supply Leg 31, which is in a curved, the shape of an almost closed S having part 33 passes.
- the other End of the S-shaped part 33 goes into a laxative Leg 32 over, which is substantially parallel to that feeding leg 31 runs.
- the S-shaped part 33 of the crankcase cooler is arranged in the mold, that it is provided with the reference number 30 in FIG Area contacted, which is essentially the limit between the crank chamber 11 and the cylinder chamber 12 forms.
- this surface 30 are two elbows of the S-shaped part 33 relative inclined towards each other so that they are in the side view 2 form a V.
- the two bow pieces of the Part 33 are curved so that they the wall of the Follow cylinder 122.
- several heat-conducting plates 34 for example made of graphite, with which the Crankcase cooler 3 rests on surface 30. Thereby is a homogeneous and good heat transfer from guaranteed the cast material in the crankcase cooler 3.
- the feeding and laxative legs 31, 32 each run according to the Representation in Fig. 1 of the surface 30 through the Crank chamber 11 upwards.
- the feeding legs 31 are either individually or through a common central Line into which they flow, with a Air supply means, for example a fan or a blower.
- the laxative legs 32 are used for better control and monitoring preferably each individually out of the mold.
- the pipe system forming the floor cooler 4 is shown in FIG. 4 shown.
- the floor cooler 4 is in the bottom of the molding pit 2 arranged and comprises a main line 41, which essentially over the entire width of the Motor housing 1 extends. From the main line 41 branches four each essentially U-shaped tubes 42 from each of which only one leg with the Main feed line 41 is connected. Through these legs the air flows, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4, into the U-shaped tubes. The other legs of the U-shaped tubes 42 each lead to an outlet 43 for the exhaust air. For better control and monitoring the outputs 43 are individually led out of the mold. Are between the legs of the U-shaped tubes 42 several steel plates 44 arranged, for example welded in to ensure even cooling of the To achieve bottom area of the motor housing 1.
- the tubes of the floor cooler 4 can, for example be made of steel.
- the cooling time of the engine case in the mold 1 and thus the required production time to shorten significantly, and the residual stresses in the Reduce the casting to the extent that subsequent stress relief annealing can be dispensed with can.
- the first goal is achieved through active heat extraction from the cast material by means of the pipe systems directed air reached. This is the heat dissipated much faster than, for example, the allow passive cooling.
- Practice shows that the cooling time by means of the active controlled cooling, So the time that the motor housing 1 in the mold needed to reach its unpacking temperature, in Compared to passive cooling to less than one Can shorten thirds. This means under economic progress.
- the emerging from the pipe systems heated air used to dry other molds can be so that the contained in the heated air Energy doesn't go unused.
- the second goal can be achieved by using the Controlled cooling of the Temperature profile in the area of the temperature sensors 5a and 5b to the temperature profile in the area of Temperature sensor 5c is adjusted. This means, that by regulating the flow rates of air in the Crankcase cooler 3 and in the floor cooler 4 Temperature gradient over the cast material is minimized. By controlled and local heat extraction from the different areas of the cast material, it is possible the cast material is very homogeneous, i.e. with very little internal To cool down temperature differences. Where the Heat builds up, for example in the area of Temperature sensor 5b, the cooling capacity of the corresponding pipe system (crankcase cooler 3) increases that the local heat extraction Temperature to that in the area of the temperature sensor 5c aligned.
- This homogeneous cooling allows drastically reduce the residual stress in the casting. It is also possible in the area of the temperature sensor 5b to cool so much that here a lower one locally Temperature prevails than in the area of the temperature sensor 5c and the temperature sensor 5a. In principle, it is possible in the area of the temperature sensor 5b To generate compressive stresses.
- the Invention of both the spatial cooling process (Temperature profile) as well as the temporal cooling process Influence (cooling rate) in a controlled manner means a significant expansion of the casting technology Opportunities because of the spatial and temporal Cooling process of the cast material under metallurgical Aspects, depending on the geometry and desired mechanical Properties of the cast part to be produced, can be optimized is.
- FIGS. 5-9 Variants for heat transfer between the cast material 10 and the heat transfer air, which is in a line 8 one of the pipe systems moved, shown.
- the Air is symbolized by an arrow shown.
- Fig. 5 runs the line 8 inside a sand core 9, so that the Sand is the transmission medium, which the Pipe system thermally coupled to the cast material.
- Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 as Transmission medium a better heat-conducting material, preferably graphite 20 to use.
- the line 8 is completely of the Surrounded by graphite 20.
- Suitable for this is, for example, graphite powder, Graphite granules, or graphite powder or granules, the with a good heat-conducting resin, e.g. B. furan binders, is mixed.
- the line 8 is surrounded by an iron body 21, poured into the iron body 21, for example. Is between the iron body 21 and the cast material 10 again graphite 20 is provided.
- a second embodiment of the invention relates focus on the production of large eccentric wheels that for example in large presses such as automobile presses be used.
- the first embodiment primarily demonstrated how by means of the invention the cooling process in the cast material is controllable the second embodiment primarily as the invention advantageous for controlling the solidification process in Cast material can be used.
- Such eccentric wheels 50 usually have to Sprocket 51 very good mechanical properties, in particular have a very high hardness, around which To withstand the requirements in operation in the long term. there the structure in the area of the ring gear 51 should also be free of cementite excretions. These high Structural requirements are familiar with Casting process not feasible, so that the structure of the Castings after removal from the mold using complex thermal aftertreatment (e.g. normalization annealing with cooling in air and then Stress relieving) has to be formed in order to B. the to achieve the desired hardness.
- complex thermal aftertreatment e.g. normalization annealing with cooling in air and then Stress relieving
- a great disadvantage due to the processing costs it is that the Microstructure of the entire eccentric wheel 50 due to the thermal Post-treatment is reshaped and not just the areas which should have the great hardness.
- Controlled cooling according to the invention allows now in the area that should be extremely hard, namely in the area of the ring gear 51, the solidification accelerate through targeted heat extraction in such a way that the ring gear 51 has a very fine structure with small has eutectic cells and completely pearlitic is. Due to the controlled cooling, the Desired hardness on the ring gear 51 without thermal Aftertreatment can be realized, with the rest of the Eccentric wheel 50 remains essentially unaffected.
- this includes Cooling system multiple cooler plates 60 along the The circumference of the eccentric wheel 50 is arranged. To the better heat transfer is between each cooler plate 60 and the eccentric wheel 50 each have a good thermal conductivity Medium, for example a graphite element 70, where a surface of the graphite elements 70 to each Eccentric wheel curvature is adjusted.
- a good thermal conductivity Medium for example a graphite element 70, where a surface of the graphite elements 70 to each Eccentric wheel curvature is adjusted.
- the cooler plate 60 is in one in FIG Supervision shown.
- the cooler plate 60 has an in essentially cuboid shape and has Pipe system that in this embodiment as a one-piece pipeline 61 is configured.
- the Pipeline 61 leads from an inlet 62 for the Cold air through the interior of the cuboid cooler plate 60 to an outlet 63.
- the pipeline 61 initially runs parallel to the circumference following the radiator plate 60 then curves in the direction the center of the cooler plate 60 and leads in reverse Direction back to outlet 63. Die The direction of air flow is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 indicated by the arrows.
- the cooler plate 60 can for example from a solid steel or iron cuboid exist in which the pipe 61 is cast.
- the various cooler plates 60 can individually, in groups or together, each by the Inlet 62 are supplied with air.
- Cooler plates 60 By controlling the Flow rate of air flowing through the air per time Cooler plates 60 flows, which can be the in the cast Area of the ring gear 51 specifically extracted amount of heat Taxes. This allows the solidification of the cast material accelerate locally in a controlled manner.
- the area of the Giesslings specify in which through targeted and controlled heat extraction accelerates solidification shall be.
- the invention thus also enables the spatial and temporal solidification process in the cast material controlled influence. This also results an expansion of the casting possibilities because a targeted, local influencing of the Solidification-forming structure can be realized.
- a third embodiment of the invention relates focus on the production of castings, the massive, have thick areas or blocks in which comparatively thin holes are provided.
- Fig. 13 shows a section of such a casting, the a solid block 80 (shown hatched) in which a comparatively thin bore 81 is provided. Also the one in FIG. 13 in a detail shown casting is not, for example, in one cast sand mold shown.
- a sand core 90 is provided, which keeps liquid casting material away from the space of the mold where the casting should later have the thin bore 81. It is a known problem with conventional ones Casting process that there is such thin Bores 81 comes to considerable heat build-up.
- the controlled cooling according to the invention allows also solve this problem.
- a Pipe system which runs inside the sand core 90, and through which air is moved as a heat carrier, targeted to the spatial area of the casting Extracted heat that contains the thin bore 81. Consequently the solidification and / or the Cooling of the cast material in the area of the thin bore 81 accelerate and through a corresponding regulation of Also control the flow rate of air.
- can heating the sand core 90 over its Penetration temperature can be avoided efficiently.
- the air flowing through the pipe 91 is indicated by the arrows.
- Such a double U-shaped Tube 91 can be manufactured by a first straight tube is bent into a U and then the round end of the U towards the open end of the U is bent.
- Sand casting methods refer to, that is the invention of course, not limited to such examples.
- she is also for mold casting processes or molds (metallic, mostly made of cast iron Casting molds), suitable or for such casting processes, in which a part of the casting through chill molds and a other part is shaped by a sand mold.
- molds metal, mostly made of cast iron Casting molds
- the pipe systems for the heat transfer medium in the wall of the Provide mold it is possible, for example, the pipe systems be poured into the mold.
- the casting method according to the invention thus allows through the controlled cooling the spatial and temporal solidification and / or cooling process in the To influence the castings in a controlled manner. Let her through yourself Cooling times, especially for large-scale castings reduce significantly. Metallic castings can also be used very good quality without being made for it elaborate thermal post-processing, such as for example stress relief annealing to reduce Internal stresses or normalization annealing Structural transformation is necessary. This means one considerable time and cost savings.
- the placement and the spatial course of the cooling system depends on the geometry of the manufactured Giesslings and according to the specific application, the means after the desired metallurgical effects. Based on these criteria, the spatial Specified areas of the cast material to which targeted and controlled heat is to be extracted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Darstellung eines Motorengehäuses in einer Formgrube zur Verdeutlichung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- eine Seitenansicht eines Rohrsystems zum Wärmeentzug aus dem Kurbelraum des Motorengehäuses aus Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- eine Aufsicht auf das Rohrsystem aus der Blickrichtung III-III in Fig. 2,
- Fig. 4
- eine Darsteluung eines Rohrsystems zur Bodenkühlung des Motorengehäuses aus Fig. 1,
- Fig. 5-9
- schematische Darstellungen verschiedener Varianten für die Wärmeübertragung zwischen Giessgut und Wärmeträger,
- Fig. 10
- eine Darstellung eines Exzenterrads zur Verdeutlichung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,
- Fig. 11
- einen Querschnitt durch das Exzenterrad entlang der Schnittlinie XI-XI in Fig. 10,
- Fig. 12
- eine Aufsicht auf eine Kühlerplatte, und
- Fig. 13
- einen massiven Block mit einer dünnen Bohrung zur Verdeutlichung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Claims (8)
- Giessverfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Giesslingen aus einem Giessgut, bei welchem das Giessgut im flüssigen Zustand in eine Giessform, insbesondere eine Sandform, eingebracht wird, und das Giessgut in der Giessform erstarrt und abkühlt, wobei das Giessgut in der Giessform mit einem Kühlsystem (3,4;60;91) gesteuert gekühlt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Geometrie des Giesslings und den gewünschten metallurgischen Effekten wenigstens ein lokaler räumlicher Bereich des Giesslings vorgegeben wird, in welchem dem Giessgut gezielt und gesteuert Wärme entzogen wird, dass das Kühlsystem für den gesteuerten Wärmeentzug bezüglich seiner Platzierung und seiner Form an diesen lokalen räumlichen Bereich angepasst wird, und dass der gesteuerte Wärmeentzug nur mittels strömender Luft aus diesem lokalen Bereich erfolgt.
- Giessverfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem dem Giessgut in der Giessform in mehreren vorgebbaren räumlichen Bereichen gezielt und gesteuert Wärme entzogen wird, wobei die den verschiedenen räumlichen Bereichen entzogenen Wärmemengen im wesentlichen unabhängig voneinander regelbar sind.
- Giessverfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei mittels Temperatursensoren (5a,5b,5c) an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Giessguts die jeweilige lokale Temperatur kontinuierlich erfasst wird und das daraus bestimmbare Temperaturprofil zur Steuerung des Kühlens herangezogen wird.
- Giessverfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Temperaturgradient über das Giessgut minimiert wird.
- Giessverfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Erstarrung des Giessguts durch gezielten Wärmeentzug gesteuert wird.
- Giessverfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche bei welchem das Kühlsystem (3,4;60;91) mindestens ein Rohrsystem (3,4;61;91) für die strömende Luft umfasst und bei welchem mit einem Übertragungsmedium (9;20;21;22) das Rohrsystem (3,4;61;91) thermisch mit dem Giessgut (10) gekoppelt wird.
- Giessverfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei welchem das Übertragungsmedium (20,21,22) Grafit (20) enthält.
- Giessverfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem ferner eine Regelung (6) vorgesehen ist, welche die entzogenen Wärmemengen so steuert, dass der Temperaturgradient über das Giessgut minimal ist.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59707865T DE59707865D1 (de) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge |
EP97810381A EP0890400B1 (de) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge |
PL98326729A PL186378B1 (pl) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-06-08 | Sposób odlewania odlewów metalowych |
KR1019980022535A KR100567360B1 (ko) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-06-16 | 금속주물부재를제조하는주조법및주조몰드 |
JP16884298A JP4248623B2 (ja) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-06-16 | 金属製鋳造部品の製造のための鋳造方法及び鋳型 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97810381A EP0890400B1 (de) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0890400A1 EP0890400A1 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
EP0890400B1 true EP0890400B1 (de) | 2002-07-31 |
Family
ID=8230265
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97810381A Expired - Lifetime EP0890400B1 (de) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0890400B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4248623B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100567360B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59707865D1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL186378B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10153719B4 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-07-28 | Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Gießen von Bohrungen in dickwandigen Gussteilen und dafür geeigneter Gießkern |
DE102004016132A1 (de) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Dieter Schwarze | Vollformgießverfahren und Gasableitungs- und Kühlkörper zur Verwendung in dem Vollformgießverfahren |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005044485A2 (de) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-19 | Hos Hottinger Systems Gbr | Verfahren zum giessen von formteilen |
DE10361535B4 (de) * | 2003-10-28 | 2014-06-18 | Gelson G. Montero | Verfahren zum Gießen von Formteilen |
DE102004013973B4 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2015-02-26 | Gelson Montero | Verfahren zum Gießen von Formteilen |
PL219714B1 (pl) * | 2011-12-05 | 2015-06-30 | Przedsiębiorstwo Innnowacyjne Odlewnictwa Specodlew Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowied | Płyta chłodząca |
KR101253244B1 (ko) | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-16 | 김준만 | 금속패널 제조장치 및 그 방법, 그리고 그 장치와 방법에 의해 제조된 금속패널 |
JPWO2020036121A1 (ja) | 2018-08-17 | 2021-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 内視鏡システム |
JP7009636B2 (ja) | 2018-08-17 | 2022-01-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 内視鏡システム |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE800594C (de) * | 1949-08-12 | 1950-11-20 | Johann Knieps | Vorrichtung zum raschen Abkuehlen des beim Sandguss in die Sandform eingefuellten Giessgutes |
DE855151C (de) * | 1950-11-11 | 1954-04-08 | Gussstahlwerk Bochumer Ver Ag | Giessform und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlbloecken |
DE3118928A1 (de) * | 1981-05-13 | 1982-12-02 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von dickwandigen, hohlen gussstuecken |
JPS59124655U (ja) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-08-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 金型空冷兼温風エア払い装置 |
JPS6233054A (ja) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-02-13 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | 金型 |
JPS62282763A (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1987-12-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | 消失性模型による内燃機関用シリンダヘツドの直冷鋳造法 |
JPH01157758A (ja) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ニツケルアルミニウム青銅の鋳造法 |
US5213149A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-05-25 | Cmi International, Inc. | Mold and method for making variable thickness cast articles |
-
1997
- 1997-06-17 DE DE59707865T patent/DE59707865D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-17 EP EP97810381A patent/EP0890400B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-06-08 PL PL98326729A patent/PL186378B1/pl unknown
- 1998-06-16 JP JP16884298A patent/JP4248623B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-16 KR KR1019980022535A patent/KR100567360B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10153719B4 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-07-28 | Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Gießen von Bohrungen in dickwandigen Gussteilen und dafür geeigneter Gießkern |
DE102004016132A1 (de) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Dieter Schwarze | Vollformgießverfahren und Gasableitungs- und Kühlkörper zur Verwendung in dem Vollformgießverfahren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100567360B1 (ko) | 2006-07-03 |
EP0890400A1 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
JPH1110313A (ja) | 1999-01-19 |
KR19990007029A (ko) | 1999-01-25 |
DE59707865D1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
JP4248623B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
PL326729A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 |
PL186378B1 (pl) | 2003-12-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69733434T2 (de) | Sandkernentfernung und wärmebehandlung eines gussstückes | |
EP0065208B2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von dickwandigen, hohlen Gussstücken | |
EP2844409B1 (de) | VERFAHREN ZUM GIEßEN EINES MIT MINDESTENS EINER DURCHGANGSÖFFNUNG VERSEHENEN GUSSTEILS | |
EP3597329B1 (de) | Verfahren zum giessen von gussteilen | |
DE102016115384A1 (de) | Entgasungs- und mikrostruktur-veredelung von aluminiumformgusslegierungen | |
WO2012159898A1 (de) | Giessverfahren für dauerformen | |
WO2011098213A2 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kraftfahrzeug-fahrwerkteilen | |
EP0890400B1 (de) | Giessverfahren zum Herstellen metallischer Giesslinge | |
DE7532061U (de) | Einrichtung fuer den mechanisierten niederdruckguss | |
DE2756007A1 (de) | Gehaeuse einer hubkolben-brennkraftmaschine fuer kraftfahrzeuge | |
EP0872295B1 (de) | Giessform und Verfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Hohlgiesslingen sowie Hohlgiesslinge | |
DE102008058329A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Temperierung einer Heiß Isostatischen Presse und eine Heiß Isostatische Presse | |
DE2646060A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur steuerung des waermehaushalts von giessformen | |
EP3188860A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von eisenmetallgüssen | |
EP1948374B1 (de) | Dauergiessform und giessformeinsatz | |
EP3320999A1 (de) | Fertigungsverfahren mit einer vakuum-sandgussform | |
DE102007017690A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Gussteils | |
DE102008048761A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Gießen eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses und Gießvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
DE3120221C2 (de) | Herstellung von dickwandigen Abschirmtransport- und Lagerbehältern aus sphärolitischem Gußeisen | |
DE3873994T2 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum metallgiessen. | |
EP3041623B1 (de) | Verfahren zum entformen eines aus leichtmetallschmelze gegossenen gussteils aus einer giessform | |
DE7729772U1 (de) | Niederdruck-giesseinrichtung fuer gussstuecke | |
DE3216327C1 (de) | Herstellung von dickwandigen Abschirmtransport- und Lagerbehältern aus sphärolitischem Gußeisen | |
EP4355512A1 (de) | VERFAHREN ZUM GIEßEN VON GUSSTEILEN | |
DE2646060C (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Steuerung des Wärmehaushalts von Gießformen |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE IT |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990614 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE IT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8566 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19991207 |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: CASTING METHOD FOR MAKING METALLIC MOULDINGS |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: WAERTSILAE SCHWEIZ AG |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE IT |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59707865 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020905 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20030506 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20150619 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20150622 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 59707865 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170103 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160617 |