EP0884452A1 - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Tunnel boring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0884452A1
EP0884452A1 EP98400980A EP98400980A EP0884452A1 EP 0884452 A1 EP0884452 A1 EP 0884452A1 EP 98400980 A EP98400980 A EP 98400980A EP 98400980 A EP98400980 A EP 98400980A EP 0884452 A1 EP0884452 A1 EP 0884452A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting head
mixing chamber
conveyor
screw
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP98400980A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Paul Bibes
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NFM Technologies SAS
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NFM Technologies SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0884452A1 publication Critical patent/EP0884452A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/108Remote control specially adapted for machines for driving tunnels or galleries
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/003Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/093Control of the driving shield, e.g. of the hydraulic advancing cylinders

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a tunneling machine.
  • tunneling machines which have a large mobile structure including a cylindrical envelope at the front of which is arranged a shield having a substantially circular section whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the tunnel whose we do the digging.
  • the front part of the shield which comes in contact with the working face to achieve the cutting of the formation crossed by the tunnel, has a cutting head formed by a plate circular rotated around an axis which roughly corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel boring machine, at a determined speed which is a function of the nature of the ground to be dug.
  • the TBM also includes means of axially moving the cutting head, a magazine for storage of segments, a device for laying these segments inside the tunnel as well as a system evacuation of the material resulting from the slaughter of the ground under the advance of the TBM.
  • the circular plate forming the head of cut has openings delimited by arms extending radially and supporting tools for work intended for the felling of the ground under the advance of the TBM.
  • the front part of the envelope cylindrical also has a vertical partition fixed behind the cutting head and forming with this a mixing chamber for the material removed with an additional product, such as relatively fluid foam, water, or mud.
  • This additional product also allows lubricate the work tools as well as the front size which has the effect of reducing the torque of the cutting head during digging.
  • the mixing chamber is provided at its lower part of an opening in which opens a screw conveyor materials mixed with the additional product in order to ventilate the earth coming from the face so that obtain a compressible leg which can be easily evacuated by means of the screw conveyor.
  • the working chamber is partly filled by the product additional and also by the material coming from the cutting face.
  • the volume of the material in the mixing must be sufficient to ensure steadily covering the orifice in which leads to the screw conveyor so as to continuously feeding said screw conveyor.
  • the decrease in the height of the material relative to the highest point of the orifice formed in the fixed partition promotes communication between the mixing chamber and the outside so that this additional product is driven by the screw of the carrier and spreads out of control the rear of the TBM which can harm electrical equipment and causes a prolonged shutdown of the digging machine.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages.
  • the invention therefore relates to a machine digging a tunnel, of the type comprising a cylindrical shell at the front of which are arranged, on the one hand, a cutting head formed by a circular plate driven in rotation and comprising openings delimited by radial arms supporting work tools and, on the other hand, a fixed vertical partition behind the head cuts and forms therewith a kneading chamber material torn off with an additional product, provided at its lower part of an opening in which opens a conveyor with material discharge screw mixed with the additional product, characterized in that the mixing chamber has, in its part lower, means for detecting the pressure of the material in said working chamber connected to means for controlling the speed of rotation of the screw the conveyor and / or the cutting head and / or the speed of movement in translation of said head of chopped off.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a digging machine 1, called tunneling machine, and which is made up, in a classic way, a generally cylindrical casing 2 at the front of which is arranged a shield designated in its together by reference 3.
  • the digging machine 1 comprises also means 4 for axially moving the shield 3, a device 5 for installing segments 6 to inside the tunnel and a designated screw conveyor as a whole by reference 7 and intended for the evacuation of the material torn off and mixed with a additional product, as we will see later.
  • the segments 6 made up of plates precast concrete or cast iron curves are intended to consolidate the internal wall of the tunnel dug by the digging machine 1.
  • the means 4 for axially moving the shield 3 are formed by a ring of jacks 4a arranged at the rear periphery of the digging 1 at an end opposite the shield 3.
  • the jacks 4a for example hydraulic, come to bear against the slice of segments 6 placed inside the tunnel so as to exert on said shield 3 the thrust necessary for the excavation of the land crossed.
  • Variations in the direction of the shield 3 are obtained by thrust differences between the different cylinders 4a distributed at the rear periphery of the digging machine 1.
  • the cylinders 4a are supplied by a circuit hydraulic, not shown, contained in the volume of the digging machine 1.
  • the shield 3 is formed by a head of section 10 and by a vertical and fixed partition 11, disposed behind said cutting head 10 and sparing with this a mixing chamber 12.
  • head of cutting 10 is formed by a circular plate 13 rotated and on which are arranged radially extending arm and tool support 15, such as slaughter tools and / or crushing wheels.
  • the plate 13 also includes openings 16 formed between the arms 14 and which allow the passage of the material torn off in the mixing chamber 12.
  • the cutting head 10 is carried by axes 17 distributed equidistant on a circle A concentric to the main axis of the cutting head 10.
  • Each axis 17 supporting the cutting head 10 has a length corresponding to the width of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the free ends of the axes 17 cooperate with means 20 for driving in rotation around the main axis of the cutting head 10 of the assembly constituted by said cutting head 10 and the axes 17.
  • the rotation drive means 20 are constituted, in a conventional manner, by geared motors each carrying a cooperating toothed pinion with a toothed crown integral with the ends free axes 17.
  • the screw conveyor 7 is formed by a sheath 7a in which is arranged a worm 7b driven in rotation by a motor 7c.
  • the free end 7'b of the worm 7b passes through an opening lla formed in the part bottom of the vertical partition 11 and opens at the lower part of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the mixing chamber 12 comprises, at its lower part, means 25 for detecting the material pressure in said chamber 12.
  • these means 25 detection are formed by at least one gauge constraint 26 placed in a metallic envelope 27 disposed in the mixing chamber 12 near to the opening 11a and fixed, for example by welding, on the corresponding face of the vertical partition 11.
  • the detection means 25 are formed by three strain gauges 26 arranged in the mixing 12 near the opening lla and distributed alternating with respect to circle A described by axes 17 in said mixing chamber 12.
  • a strain gauge 26 is arranged inside circle A and above orifice lla and the two other strain gauges 26 are arranged outside the circle A and share and other of said opening lla.
  • each gauge of constraint 26 is placed in a metal envelope 27 fixed, for example by welding, to the face corresponding to the vertical partition 11.
  • the strain gauge (s) 26 are connected by a cable 28 to means, not shown, for controlling the speed of rotation of the screw 7b of the conveyor 7 and / or cutting head 10.
  • a product additional consisting of foam or water or relatively fluid mud.
  • this additional product is to lubricate the working tools 15 and also the face size to reduce the head torque section 10 during the tunneling and also ventilate the material in the working chamber 12 of so as to obtain a compressible paste which can be easily removed by the worm screw 7b of the screw conveyor 7.
  • the mixing chamber 12 When advancing the machine excavation 1, the mixing chamber 12 is filled with partly by the additional product and also by the material from the face and which is poured into said mixing chamber 12 passing through the openings 16 in the cutting head 10.
  • the volume of the material at the party bottom of the mixing chamber 12 must be sufficient to provide constant assurance covering the orifice lla into which opens the conveyor auger 7b 7 and allow the removal of the material mixed with the product additional.
  • the head of section 10 and the axes 17 are rotated around the main axis of said cutting head 10.
  • strain gauges 26 a pressure which is therefore immediately detected and the information is provided to the visualization system. So the pilot can act consequence on the different drilling parameters such as the rotations of the screw 7b of the conveyor 7 and / or the cutting head 10 and / or the speed of translation of the cylinders 4a.
  • the strain gauges 26 do not are under more pressure and the information is delivered immediately to the control means.
  • control means slow down in consequently the speed of rotation of the worm 7b of the screw conveyor 7 and if that is not enough they increase the speed of rotation of the cutting head 10 to quickly obtain sufficient filling of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the pressure exerted on the strain gauges 26 exceeds a predetermined threshold and the information is immediately transmitted to the control means.
  • control means increase the speed of rotation of the auger 7b of the transporter 7 in order to increase the evacuation of the material of said kneading chamber 12 and if this does not not enough the speed of rotation of the cutting head 10 is slowed down to quickly lower the level of material in said kneading chamber 12.
  • the means of detecting the level of material in the mixing chamber 12 therefore allow to be able to constantly monitor this level and so to act on the speed of rotation of the worm of the conveyor and / or on the rotation speed of the cutting head to reduce the level of material in the mixing chamber at the ideal level for optimize the efficiency of the TBM.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The machine comprises of a cylindrical shell (2) with a forward cutting head (10) formed by a rotary circular late with apertures bounded by radial arms carrying tools (15). A fixed vertical partition (11) behind the cutting head forms a mixing chamber (12) for the excavated material and an additional product which is removed by a screw conveyor (7). The lower part of the mixing chamber contains a detector (25) for the pressure of the material inside the chamber, linked to a conveyor screw and/or cutting head speed controller. The detector comprises a stress gauge inside a metal housing set inside the mixing chamber close to the aperture containing the end of the screw conveyor.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une machine de creusement d'un tunnel.The subject of the present invention is a tunneling machine.

On connaít des machines de creusement de tunnel, appelées tunneliers, qui comportent une structure mobile de grandes dimensions comprenant une enveloppe cylindrique à l'avant de laquelle est disposé un bouclier ayant une section sensiblement circulaire dont le diamètre correspond au diamètre du tunnel dont on réalise le creusement.We know of digging machines tunnel, called tunneling machines, which have a large mobile structure including a cylindrical envelope at the front of which is arranged a shield having a substantially circular section whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the tunnel whose we do the digging.

La partie antérieure du bouclier qui vient en contact avec le front de taille pour réaliser le découpage de la formation traversée par le tunnel, comporte une tête de coupe formée par un plateau circulaire entraíné en rotation autour d'un axe qui correspond sensiblement à l'axe longitudinal du tunnelier, à une vitesse déterminée qui est fonction de la nature du terrain à creuser.The front part of the shield which comes in contact with the working face to achieve the cutting of the formation crossed by the tunnel, has a cutting head formed by a plate circular rotated around an axis which roughly corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel boring machine, at a determined speed which is a function of the nature of the ground to be dug.

Le tunnelier comporte aussi des moyens de déplacement axialement de la tête de coupe, un magasin de stockage de voussoirs, un dispositif de pose de ces voussoirs à l'intérieur du tunnel ainsi qu'un système d'évacuation du matériau résultant de l'abattage du terrain sous l'avance du tunnelier.The TBM also includes means of axially moving the cutting head, a magazine for storage of segments, a device for laying these segments inside the tunnel as well as a system evacuation of the material resulting from the slaughter of the ground under the advance of the TBM.

Le plateau circulaire formant la tête de coupe comporte des ouvertures délimitées par des bras s'étendant radialement et supportant des outils de travail destinés à l'abattage du terrain sous l'avance du tunnelier.The circular plate forming the head of cut has openings delimited by arms extending radially and supporting tools for work intended for the felling of the ground under the advance of the TBM.

La partie antérieure de l'enveloppe cylindrique comporte également une cloison verticale fixe disposée derrière la tête de coupe et formant avec celle-ci une chambre de malaxage du matériau arraché avec un produit additionnel, comme par exemple de la mousse, de l'eau ou de la boue relativement fluide.The front part of the envelope cylindrical also has a vertical partition fixed behind the cutting head and forming with this a mixing chamber for the material removed with an additional product, such as relatively fluid foam, water, or mud.

Ce produit additionnel permet également de lubrifier les outils de travail ainsi que le front de taille ce qui a pour effet de réduire le couple de la tête de coupe au cours du creusement.This additional product also allows lubricate the work tools as well as the front size which has the effect of reducing the torque of the cutting head during digging.

La chambre de malaxage est munie à sa partie inférieure d'une ouverture dans laquelle débouche un transporteur à vis d'évacuation des matériaux mélangés au produit additionnel afin d'aérer la terre provenant du front de taille de façon à obtenir une patte compressible pouvant être facilement évacuée au moyen du transporteur à vis.The mixing chamber is provided at its lower part of an opening in which opens a screw conveyor materials mixed with the additional product in order to ventilate the earth coming from the face so that obtain a compressible leg which can be easily evacuated by means of the screw conveyor.

Lors de l'avancement du tunnelier, la chambre de travail est remplie en partie par le produit additionnel et également par le matériau provenant du front de taille.During the advancement of the TBM, the working chamber is partly filled by the product additional and also by the material coming from the cutting face.

Le volume du matériau dans la chambre de malaxage doit être suffisant pour permettre d'assurer de façon constante le recouvrement de l'orifice dans lequel débouche le transporteur à vis de façon à alimenter en continu ledit transporteur à vis.The volume of the material in the mixing must be sufficient to ensure steadily covering the orifice in which leads to the screw conveyor so as to continuously feeding said screw conveyor.

En effet, la diminution de la hauteur du matériau par rapport au point le plus haut de l'orifice ménagé dans la cloison fixe, favorise la communication entre la chambre de malaxage et l'extérieur si bien que ce produit additionnel est entraíné par la vis du transporteur et se répand de façon incontrôlée à l'arrière du tunnelier ce qui peut nuire aux appareillages électriques et entraíne un arrêt prolongé de la machine de creusement.Indeed, the decrease in the height of the material relative to the highest point of the orifice formed in the fixed partition, promotes communication between the mixing chamber and the outside so that this additional product is driven by the screw of the carrier and spreads out of control the rear of the TBM which can harm electrical equipment and causes a prolonged shutdown of the digging machine.

De plus, il se produit une perte de pression dans la chambre de malaxage. De ce fait, le produit additionnel dans cette chambre de malaxage n'est plus sous pression et n'assure pas sa fonction de volume tampon qui est nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de la tête de coupe du tunnelier et à son avancement pour procéder au creusement du tunnel.In addition, there is a loss of pressure in the mixing chamber. Therefore, the additional product in this mixing chamber is no longer under pressure and does not perform its function of buffer volume which is necessary for proper operation of the cutting head of the TBM and its advancement to dig the tunnel.

L'invention a pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients.The object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages.

L'invention a donc pour objet une machine de creusement d'un tunnel, du type comprenant une enveloppe cylindrique à l'avant de laquelle sont disposées, d'une part, une tête de coupe formée par un plateau circulaire entraíné en rotation et comportant des ouvertures délimitées par des bras radiaux supportant des outils de travail et, d'autre part, une cloison verticale fixe disposée derrière la tête de coupe et formant avec celle-ci une chambre de malaxage du matériau arraché avec un produit additionnel, munie à sa partie inférieure d'une ouverture dans laquelle débouche un transporteur à vis d'évacuation du matériau mélangé au produit additionnel, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de malaxage comporte, à sa partie inférieure, des moyens de détection de la pression du matériau dans ladite chambre de travail reliés à des moyens de commande de la vitesse de rotation de la vis du transporteur et/ou de la tête de coupe et/ou de la vitesse de déplacement en translation de ladite tête de coupe.The invention therefore relates to a machine digging a tunnel, of the type comprising a cylindrical shell at the front of which are arranged, on the one hand, a cutting head formed by a circular plate driven in rotation and comprising openings delimited by radial arms supporting work tools and, on the other hand, a fixed vertical partition behind the head cuts and forms therewith a kneading chamber material torn off with an additional product, provided at its lower part of an opening in which opens a conveyor with material discharge screw mixed with the additional product, characterized in that the mixing chamber has, in its part lower, means for detecting the pressure of the material in said working chamber connected to means for controlling the speed of rotation of the screw the conveyor and / or the cutting head and / or the speed of movement in translation of said head of chopped off.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • les moyens de détection sont formés par au moins une jauge de contrainte placée dans une enveloppe métallique disposée dans la chambre de malaxage à proximité de ladite ouverture et fixée sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale,
  • les moyens de détection sont formés par trois jauges de contrainte placées chacune dans une enveloppe métallique disposée dans la chambre de malaxage à proximité de ladite ouverture et fixée sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale,
  • chaque jauge de contrainte est reliée par un câble aux moyens de commande de la vitesse de rotation de la vis du transporteur et/ou de la tête de coupe et/ou de la vitesse de déplacement en translation de ladite tête de coupe.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the detection means are formed by at least one strain gauge placed in a metal casing placed in the mixing chamber near said opening and fixed on the corresponding face of the vertical partition,
  • the detection means are formed by three strain gauges each placed in a metal casing disposed in the mixing chamber near said opening and fixed to the corresponding face of the vertical partition,
  • each strain gauge is connected by a cable to the means for controlling the speed of rotation of the conveyor screw and / or the cutting head and / or the speed of movement in translation of said cutting head.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'une machine de creusement conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue de face en élévation de la tête de coupe de la machine de creusement,
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue schématique suivant F de la Fig. 1,
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une jauge de contrainte des moyens de détection du niveau du matériau dans la chambre de malaxage de la machine de creusement.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a digging machine according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevation view of the cutting head of the digging machine,
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view along F of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a strain gauge of the means for detecting the level of the material in the mixing chamber of the digging machine.

Sur la Fig. 1, on représenté schématiquement une machine de creusement 1, appelée tunnelier, et qui se compose, de manière classique, d'une enveloppe 2 généralement cylindrique à l'avant de laquelle est disposé un bouclier désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 3.In Fig. 1, there is shown schematically a digging machine 1, called tunneling machine, and which is made up, in a classic way, a generally cylindrical casing 2 at the front of which is arranged a shield designated in its together by reference 3.

La machine de creusement 1 comporte également des moyens 4 de déplacement axialement du bouclier 3, un dispositif 5 de pose de voussoirs 6 à l'intérieur du tunnel et un transporteur à vis désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 7 et destiné à l'évacuation du matériau arraché et mélangé à un produit additionnel, comme on le verra ultérieurement.The digging machine 1 comprises also means 4 for axially moving the shield 3, a device 5 for installing segments 6 to inside the tunnel and a designated screw conveyor as a whole by reference 7 and intended for the evacuation of the material torn off and mixed with a additional product, as we will see later.

Les voussoirs 6 constitués par des plaques courbes en béton préfabriqué ou en fonte sont destinés à consolider la paroi interne du tunnel creusé par la machine de creusement 1.The segments 6 made up of plates precast concrete or cast iron curves are intended to consolidate the internal wall of the tunnel dug by the digging machine 1.

Les moyens 4 de déplacement axialement du bouclier 3 sont formés par une couronne de vérins 4a disposé à la périphérie arrière de la machine de creusement 1 à une extrémité opposée au bouclier 3.The means 4 for axially moving the shield 3 are formed by a ring of jacks 4a arranged at the rear periphery of the digging 1 at an end opposite the shield 3.

Pour déplacer ce bouclier 3, les vérins 4a, par exemple hydrauliques, viennent en appui contre la tranche des voussoirs 6 posés à l'intérieur du tunnel de façon à exercer sur ledit bouclier 3 la poussée nécessaire à l'excavation des terrains traversés.To move this shield 3, the jacks 4a, for example hydraulic, come to bear against the slice of segments 6 placed inside the tunnel so as to exert on said shield 3 the thrust necessary for the excavation of the land crossed.

Les variations de direction du bouclier 3 sont obtenues par des écarts de poussée entre les différents vérins 4a répartis à la périphérie arrière de la machine de creusement 1.Variations in the direction of the shield 3 are obtained by thrust differences between the different cylinders 4a distributed at the rear periphery of the digging machine 1.

Les vérins 4a sont alimentés par un circuit hydraulique, non représenté, contenu dans le volume de la machine de creusement 1.The cylinders 4a are supplied by a circuit hydraulic, not shown, contained in the volume of the digging machine 1.

Le bouclier 3 est formé par une tête de coupe 10 et par une cloison 11 verticale et fixe, disposée derrière ladite tête de coupe 10 et ménageant avec celle-ci une chambre de malaxage 12. The shield 3 is formed by a head of section 10 and by a vertical and fixed partition 11, disposed behind said cutting head 10 and sparing with this a mixing chamber 12.

Ainsi que représenté à la Fig. 2, la tête de coupe 10 est formée par un plateau circulaire 13 entraíné en rotation et sur lequel sont disposé des bras 14 s'étendant radialement et de support d'outils de travail 15, comme par exemple des outils d'abattage et/ou des molettes de concassage.As shown in FIG. 2, head of cutting 10 is formed by a circular plate 13 rotated and on which are arranged radially extending arm and tool support 15, such as slaughter tools and / or crushing wheels.

Le plateau 13 comporte également des ouvertures 16 ménagées entre les bras 14 et qui permettent le passage du matériau arraché dans la chambre de malaxage 12.The plate 13 also includes openings 16 formed between the arms 14 and which allow the passage of the material torn off in the mixing chamber 12.

Ainsi que représenté sur les Figs. 1 et 3, la tête de coupe 10 est portée par des axes 17 répartis de façon équidistante sur un cercle A concentrique à l'axe principal de la tête de coupe 10.As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the cutting head 10 is carried by axes 17 distributed equidistant on a circle A concentric to the main axis of the cutting head 10.

Chaque axe 17 supportant la tête de coupe 10 présente une longueur correspondant à la largeur de la chambre de malaxage 12.Each axis 17 supporting the cutting head 10 has a length corresponding to the width of the mixing chamber 12.

Les extrémités libres des axes 17 coopèrent avec des moyens 20 d'entraínement en rotation autour de l'axe principal de la tête de coupe 10 de l'ensemble constitué par ladite tête de coupe 10 et les axes 17.The free ends of the axes 17 cooperate with means 20 for driving in rotation around the main axis of the cutting head 10 of the assembly constituted by said cutting head 10 and the axes 17.

Les moyens 20 d'entraínement en rotation sont constitués, de manière classique, par des moto-réducteurs portant chacun un pignon denté coopérant avec une couronne dentée solidaire des extrémités libres des axes 17.The rotation drive means 20 are constituted, in a conventional manner, by geared motors each carrying a cooperating toothed pinion with a toothed crown integral with the ends free axes 17.

Comme représenté à la Fig.1, le transporteur à vis 7 est formé par un fourreau 7a dans lequel est disposée une vis sans fin 7b entraínée en rotation par un moteur 7c.As shown in Fig. 1, the screw conveyor 7 is formed by a sheath 7a in which is arranged a worm 7b driven in rotation by a motor 7c.

L'extrémité libre 7'b de la vis sans fin 7b passe à travers une ouverture lla ménagée à la partie inférieure de la cloison verticale 11 et débouche à la partie inférieure de la chambre de malaxage 12.The free end 7'b of the worm 7b passes through an opening lla formed in the part bottom of the vertical partition 11 and opens at the lower part of the mixing chamber 12.

La chambre de malaxage 12 comporte, à sa partie inférieure, des moyens 25 de détection de la pression du matériau dans ladite chambre 12.The mixing chamber 12 comprises, at its lower part, means 25 for detecting the material pressure in said chamber 12.

Comme représenté à la Fig. 4, ces moyens 25 de détection sont formés par au moins une jauge de contrainte 26 placée dans une enveloppe métallique 27 disposée dans la chambre de malaxage 12 à proximité de l'ouverture 11a et fixée, par exemple par soudage, sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale 11.As shown in Fig. 4, these means 25 detection are formed by at least one gauge constraint 26 placed in a metallic envelope 27 disposed in the mixing chamber 12 near to the opening 11a and fixed, for example by welding, on the corresponding face of the vertical partition 11.

De préférence et comme représenté à la Fig.3, les moyens 25 de détection sont formés par trois jauges de contrainte 26 disposées dans la chambre de malaxage 12 à proximité de l'ouverture lla et répartis en alternance par rapport au cercle A décrit par les axes 17 dans ladite chambre de malaxage 12.Preferably and as shown in the Fig.3, the detection means 25 are formed by three strain gauges 26 arranged in the mixing 12 near the opening lla and distributed alternating with respect to circle A described by axes 17 in said mixing chamber 12.

Ainsi, une jauge de contrainte 26 est disposée à l'intérieur du cercle A et au-dessus de l'orifice lla et les deux autres jauges de contrainte 26 sont disposées à l'extérieur du cercle A et de part et d'autre de ladite ouverture lla.So a strain gauge 26 is arranged inside circle A and above orifice lla and the two other strain gauges 26 are arranged outside the circle A and share and other of said opening lla.

Dans ce cas également, chaque jauge de contrainte 26 est placée dans une enveloppe métallique 27 fixée, par exemple par soudage, sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale 11.In this case also, each gauge of constraint 26 is placed in a metal envelope 27 fixed, for example by welding, to the face corresponding to the vertical partition 11.

La ou les jauges de contrainte 26 sont reliées par un câble 28 à des moyens, non représentés, de commande de la vitesse de rotation de la vis 7b du transporteur 7 et/ou de la tête de coupe 10.The strain gauge (s) 26 are connected by a cable 28 to means, not shown, for controlling the speed of rotation of the screw 7b of the conveyor 7 and / or cutting head 10.

Dans la chambre de malaxage 12 est injecté, par des moyens appropriés non représentés, un produit additionnel constitué par de la mousse ou de l'eau ou de la boue relativement fluide.In the mixing chamber 12 is injected, by appropriate means not shown, a product additional consisting of foam or water or relatively fluid mud.

Ce produit additionnel a pour objectif de lubrifier les outils de travail 15 et également le front de taille afin de réduire le couple de la tête de coupe 10 pendant le creusement du tunnel et également d'aérer le matériau dans la chambre de travail 12 de façon à obtenir une pâte compressible pouvant être facilement évacuée par la vis sans fin 7b du transporteur à vis 7.The purpose of this additional product is to lubricate the working tools 15 and also the face size to reduce the head torque section 10 during the tunneling and also ventilate the material in the working chamber 12 of so as to obtain a compressible paste which can be easily removed by the worm screw 7b of the screw conveyor 7.

Lors de l'avancement de la machine de creusement 1, la chambre de malaxage 12 est remplie en partie par le produit additionnel et également par le matériau provenant du front de taille et qui est déversé dans ladite chambre de malaxage 12 en passant par les ouvertures 16 ménagées dans la tête de coupe 10.When advancing the machine excavation 1, the mixing chamber 12 is filled with partly by the additional product and also by the material from the face and which is poured into said mixing chamber 12 passing through the openings 16 in the cutting head 10.

Le volume du matériau à la partie inférieure de la chambre de malaxage 12 doit être suffisant pour permettre d'assurer de façon constante le recouvrement de l'orifice lla dans lequel débouche la vis sans fin 7b du transporteur 7 et permettre l'évacuation du matériau mélangé au produit additionnel.The volume of the material at the party bottom of the mixing chamber 12 must be sufficient to provide constant assurance covering the orifice lla into which opens the conveyor auger 7b 7 and allow the removal of the material mixed with the product additional.

En effet, la perte de ce niveau dans la chambre de malaxage 12 favorise la communication entre cette chambre de malaxage 12 et l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire du transporteur à vis 7.Indeed, the loss of this level in the mixing chamber 12 promotes communication between this kneading chamber 12 and the outside by through the screw conveyor 7.

Lors du creusement du tunnel, la tête de coupe 10 et les axes 17 sont entraínés en rotation autour de l'axe principal de ladite tête de coupe 10.When digging the tunnel, the head of section 10 and the axes 17 are rotated around the main axis of said cutting head 10.

Ces axes 17 se déplacent donc dans la chambre de malaxage 12 et passent régulièrement à proximité des jauges de contrainte 26 ce qui crée un effet de cisaillement sur le matériau se trouvant à la partie inférieure de cette chambre de malaxage 12.These axes 17 therefore move in the mixing chamber 12 and regularly pass to proximity to the strain gauges 26 which creates a shear effect on the material at the lower part of this mixing chamber 12.

Cet effet de cisaillement exerce sur les jauges de contrainte 26 une pression qui est donc immédiatement détectée et l'information est fournie au système de visualisation. Ainsi le pilote peut agir en conséquence sur les différents paramètres de forage tels que les rotations de la vis 7b du transporteur 7 et/ou de la tête de coupe 10 et/ou la vitesse de translation des vérins 4a.This shearing effect exerts on strain gauges 26 a pressure which is therefore immediately detected and the information is provided to the visualization system. So the pilot can act consequence on the different drilling parameters such as the rotations of the screw 7b of the conveyor 7 and / or the cutting head 10 and / or the speed of translation of the cylinders 4a.

Dans le cas où le niveau de matériau à la partie inférieure de la chambre de malaxage 12 descend au-dessous d'un niveau extrême constitué par exemple par le point le plus haut de l'orifice lla ménagé dans la cloison verticale 11, les jauges de contrainte 26 ne subissent plus de pression et l'information est délivrée immédiatement aux moyens de commande.In case the material level at the lower part of the mixing chamber 12 goes down below an extreme level constituted for example through the highest point of the opening lla formed in the vertical partition 11, the strain gauges 26 do not are under more pressure and the information is delivered immediately to the control means.

Ces moyens de commande ralentissent en conséquence la vitesse de rotation de la vis sans fin 7b du transporteur à vis 7 et si cela ne suffit pas ils augmentent la vitesse de rotation de la tête de coupe 10 pour obtenir rapidement le remplissage suffisant de la chambre de malaxage 12.These control means slow down in consequently the speed of rotation of the worm 7b of the screw conveyor 7 and if that is not enough they increase the speed of rotation of the cutting head 10 to quickly obtain sufficient filling of the mixing chamber 12.

Dans le cas où le niveau de matériau dans la chambre de malaxage 12 dépasse le niveau acceptable, la pression exercée sur les jauges de contrainte 26 dépasse un seuil prédéterminé et l'information est immédiatement transmise aux moyens de commande.In case the level of material in the mixing chamber 12 exceeds the acceptable level, the pressure exerted on the strain gauges 26 exceeds a predetermined threshold and the information is immediately transmitted to the control means.

Dans ce cas, les moyens de commande augmentent la vitesse de rotation de la vis sans fin 7b du transporteur 7 afin d'augmenter l'évacuation du matériau de ladite chambre de malaxage 12 et si cela ne suffit pas la vitesse de rotation de la tête de coupe 10 est ralentie pour abaisser rapidement le niveau de matériau dans ladite chambre de malaxage 12.In this case, the control means increase the speed of rotation of the auger 7b of the transporter 7 in order to increase the evacuation of the material of said kneading chamber 12 and if this does not not enough the speed of rotation of the cutting head 10 is slowed down to quickly lower the level of material in said kneading chamber 12.

Les moyens de détection du niveau de matériau dans la chambre de malaxage 12 permettent donc de pouvoir contrôler en permanence ce niveau et ainsi d'agir sur la vitesse de rotation de la vis sans fin du transporteur et/ou sur la vitesse de rotation de la tête de coupe afin de ramener le niveau de matériau dans la chambre de malaxage au niveau idéal pour optimiser le rendement du tunnelier.The means of detecting the level of material in the mixing chamber 12 therefore allow to be able to constantly monitor this level and so to act on the speed of rotation of the worm of the conveyor and / or on the rotation speed of the cutting head to reduce the level of material in the mixing chamber at the ideal level for optimize the efficiency of the TBM.

Claims (4)

Machine de creusement d'un tunnel, du type comprenant une enveloppe cylindrique (2) à l'avant de laquelle sont disposées, d'une part, une tête de coupe (10) formée par un plateau circulaire (13) entraíné en rotation et comportant des ouvertures (16) délimitées par des bras radiaux (14) supportant des outils de travail (15) et, d'autre part, une cloison (11) verticale et fixe disposée derrière ladite tête de coupe (10) et formant avec celle-ci une chambre de malaxage (12) du matériau arraché avec un produit additionnel munie à sa partie inférieure d'une ouverture (lla) dans laquelle débouche un transporteur à vis (7) d'évacuation du matériau mélangé au produit additionnel, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de malaxage (12) comporte, à sa partie inférieure, des moyens (25) de détection de la pression du matériau dans ladite chambre de travail (12) reliés à des moyens de commande de la vitesse de rotation de la vis (7b) du transporteur (7) et/ou de la tête de coupe (10) et/ou de la vitesse de déplacement en translation de ladite tête de coupe (10).Machine for digging a tunnel, type comprising a cylindrical casing (2) at the front of which are arranged, on the one hand, a head of cup (10) formed by a circular plate (13) rotated and having openings (16) delimited by radial arms (14) supporting working tools (15) and, on the other hand, a partition (11) vertical and fixed disposed behind said head section (10) and forming therewith a mixing (12) of the material torn off with a product additional fitted at its lower part with opening (lla) into which a conveyor opens with screw (7) for evacuating the material mixed with the product additional, characterized in that the mixing (12) has, at its lower part, means (25) for detecting the pressure of the material in said working chamber (12) connected to means for controlling the speed of rotation of the screw (7b) of the conveyor (7) and / or the cutting head (10) and / or of the speed of movement in translation of said cutting head (10). Machine de creusement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (25) de détection sont formés par au moins une jauge de contrainte (26) placée dans une enveloppe métallique (27) disposée dans la chambre de malaxage (12) à proximité de ladite ouverture (11a) et fixée sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale (11).Digging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (25) detection are formed by at least one gauge constraint (26) placed in a metal envelope (27) disposed in the kneading chamber (12) at near said opening (11a) and fixed on the corresponding face of the vertical partition (11). Machine de creusement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (25) de détection sont formés par trois jauges de contrainte (26) placées chacune dans une enveloppe métallique (27) disposée dans la chambre de malaxage (12) à proximité de ladite ouverture (11a) et fixée sur la face correspondante de la cloison verticale (11).Digging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (25) are formed by three strain gauges (26) each placed in a metal envelope (27) arranged in the nearby mixing chamber (12) of said opening (11a) and fixed on the face corresponding to the vertical partition (11). Machine de creusement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque jauge de contrainte (26) est reliée par un câble (28) aux moyens de commande de la vitesse de rotation de la vis (7b) du transporteur (7) et/ou de la tête de coupe (10) et/ou de la vitesse de déplacement en translation de ladite tête de coupe (10).Digging machine according to one any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each strain gauge (26) is connected by a cable (28) to the speed control means of rotation of the screw (7b) of the conveyor (7) and / or the cutting head (10) and / or the speed of translational movement of said cutting head (10).
EP98400980A 1997-06-09 1998-04-22 Tunnel boring machine Withdrawn EP0884452A1 (en)

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FR9707121A FR2764331B1 (en) 1997-06-09 1997-06-09 TUNNEL EXCAVATION MACHINE
FR9707121 1997-06-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104481545A (en) * 2014-09-23 2015-04-01 上海隧道工程有限公司 Intermediate jacking station rectifying device for rectangular pipe jacking machine
JP2015212476A (en) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-26 株式会社安藤・間 Property measurement evaluation method of excavated soil in chamber for use in earth pressure shield tunneling, shield machine, and plastic fluidity test device of earth and sand
CN111535824A (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-14 周亚新 Shield tunneling machine front-end soil body cutting and dividing device and working method thereof
CN113863966A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-31 天津大学 Segment grabbing pose detection device and detection method based on deep learning vision

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FR2526855A1 (en) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-18 Daiho Construction Co Ltd Horizontal tunnelling excavator - with a support shield and mixing chamber for mud fed from the digging buckets
US4732427A (en) * 1986-09-17 1988-03-22 Richard Lovat Head intake for tunnelling machine
FR2679959A1 (en) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-05 Gtm Btp Method for setting the pressure in the upstream part of a tunnelling machine to ground pressure, and device for implementing this method
US5438860A (en) * 1992-12-18 1995-08-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Cutter bit abrasive detecting device of shield machine

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GB1570329A (en) * 1976-02-12 1980-06-25 Daiko Const Method and apparatus for excavating horizontal tunnels
FR2347719A1 (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-11-04 Tekken Constr Co AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF HYDRAULIC PRESSURE ON THE FRONT OF TUNNEL DRILLING IN THE HYDRAULIC TUNNEL DRILLING SYSTEM AT THE SHIELD
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FR2526855A1 (en) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-18 Daiho Construction Co Ltd Horizontal tunnelling excavator - with a support shield and mixing chamber for mud fed from the digging buckets
US4732427A (en) * 1986-09-17 1988-03-22 Richard Lovat Head intake for tunnelling machine
FR2679959A1 (en) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-05 Gtm Btp Method for setting the pressure in the upstream part of a tunnelling machine to ground pressure, and device for implementing this method
US5438860A (en) * 1992-12-18 1995-08-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Cutter bit abrasive detecting device of shield machine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015212476A (en) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-26 株式会社安藤・間 Property measurement evaluation method of excavated soil in chamber for use in earth pressure shield tunneling, shield machine, and plastic fluidity test device of earth and sand
CN104481545A (en) * 2014-09-23 2015-04-01 上海隧道工程有限公司 Intermediate jacking station rectifying device for rectangular pipe jacking machine
CN104481545B (en) * 2014-09-23 2017-03-29 上海隧道工程有限公司 A kind of relay well deviation correcting device of rectangular pipe jacking machine
CN111535824A (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-14 周亚新 Shield tunneling machine front-end soil body cutting and dividing device and working method thereof
CN113863966A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-31 天津大学 Segment grabbing pose detection device and detection method based on deep learning vision

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FR2764331B1 (en) 1999-08-20

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