EP0879208B1 - A hydraulic boom crane with load control system - Google Patents
A hydraulic boom crane with load control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0879208B1 EP0879208B1 EP97901526A EP97901526A EP0879208B1 EP 0879208 B1 EP0879208 B1 EP 0879208B1 EP 97901526 A EP97901526 A EP 97901526A EP 97901526 A EP97901526 A EP 97901526A EP 0879208 B1 EP0879208 B1 EP 0879208B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crane
- load
- control unit
- penalty period
- nominal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a hydraulic boom crane of the kind including a boom pivotable relative to a base about one end in a vertical plane by a hydraulic main lifting cylinder, at least one signal emitter in the form of a pressure transducer being associated with the main lifting cylinder and connected to a control unit such that any loading exceeding the nominal loading causes said control unit to inhibit operating functions of the crane.
- the nominal load of cranes is determined with a certain safety margin depending on how great a moment may be absorbed by the turning point of the crane, i.e. the bearing supporting the crane, and which then is transmitted to the support of the bearing, e.g. the chassis of a lorry, and in that connection to possibly extended supporting legs without the crane tipping over.
- the known load control systems for use in hydraulically driven cranes are of the kind mounted as accessories on e.g. a lorry or definite mobile cranes.
- the known load control systems may comprise at least one or more pressure transducers provided on the hydraulic cylinders of the crane.
- the pressure transducers are connected to a control unit connected with controlable valves in connection with the control valve block of the crane.
- a such load control system is known from EP 0 708 053 A1, where the control unit is arranged in such a way that it by a registered maximum allowable pressure registered by a sensor placed on the main cylinder of the crane blocks for all further manoeuvring of the crane by its control valve block.
- the blocking may subsequently be deactivated in a short period (3-5 sec.) by a manually controlled liberating element, so that it is possible to get out of an otherwise "impossible lifting situation".
- An "impossible lifting situation” may be defined in that any movement of the crane boom allowed by the control system with the intention of reducing the load will be impossible in practice because of the physical circumstances in the ongoing lift so that the only possibility of getting out of this lifting situation is a deactivation of the load control system in a short pre-determined period, wherein a forced increase of the load is possible.
- the said load control system also comprise acoustic and visual signal emitters coming into action at different load levels about the maximum allowable load level for the crane.
- FR-A-2592368 discloses a hydraulic boom crane of the kind including a boom pivotable relative to a base about one end in a vertical plane by a hydraulic main lifting cylinder and including at least one relevant signal emitter connected to a control unit which in case of loading the crane in excess of its nominal load produces limitations on the functional capability of the crane whereby the relevant signal emitter consists of a pressure transducer connected to the control unit arranged in such way that in case of a transgression of the nominal loading established for the crane in question will produce a marked or total functional limitation.
- DE-A-4219369 discloses a crane with a load control system, which, in case of loading the crane in excess of its nominal load (“erster Schwelle”), produces limitations on the functional capability of the crane in a period of time determined by the control unit (limitations are cancelled by the control unit as soon as a reset-button has been actuated by the operator, after which the crane may be loaded up to an acceptable maximum (“zweiter Schwelle”), the transgression of which will cause the control unit to make the crane inoperable.
- Buffalo Schwelle nominal load
- Other load control systems may furthermore comprise position indicators on the boom sections to be pivoted in a vertical plane, besides the pressure transducers on the hydraulic cylinders, and which are also connected to the control unit
- the signals from the position indicators are used in the control unit for indicating whether a movement of the pivotable parts of the boom in a desired direction will cause an increased load on the crane.
- the control of the load with position indicators works in the way that the control unit at a registered maximum allowable load of the crane (the nominal load) ensures that the operator of the crane cannot perform load increasing operations as the control unit at the activation of the previously mentioned controlable valves is hindering such movements of the boom.
- control unit allows all movements of the boom that by experience cause an immediate reduction of the moment load in proportion to the maximum allowable moment load of the crane, e.g. a reduction of the distance between the load and the turning point of the crane in an operation wherein the length of the boom is reduced.
- the load control systems described above are relatively costly since they often comprise up to several pressure transducers and one or more position indicators that by wired connections are connected to the control unit, which again are connected to the control valves in the control valve block. Looking at service procedures the large number of components and wire connections become expensive.
- the deeper meaning with the alarm is to call the operator's attention to the fact that operation takes place in a potentially dangerous area and that measures for a return to harmless conditions immediately has to be taken, e.g. that the lorry is driven to a position closer to the burden to be lifted.
- the operator may then decide to try anyway from the consideration that in the said deactivating period he may come in time to discontinue the alarm creating act if the transgression is so great that it downright may give rise to an ultimate blocking signal.
- the operating functions inhibited by the control unit comprise substantially all operating functions of the crane, whereby the functions remain inhibited for a delay interval, hereinafter designated the "penalty period", the duration of the penalty period imposed at each succeeding occurrence of excess loading being determined by the control unit according to past loading conditions and whereby if the control units detects a loading level exceeding an absolute maximum limit of the crane, all further operation of the crane is disabled.
- the invention thus involves a kind of psychological counteraction on the part of the crane against an operator trying to exceed the capacity of the crane into its hazard area.
- a counteraction may be established according to the invention by letting the crane equipment itself produce a capacity reduction of a first or lower safety limit, that is to say by a not very technical but psychological and educationally effective "penalty" to the operator in the form of a more or less total blocking of the crane functions during a certain period of time, e.g. if the operator does not react in an expectedly suitable way after the alarm has been activated the first time, namely by returning the system to a not alarm giving state.
- a new load control system comprising a pressure transducer situated on the main lifting cylinder of the crane and connected to a control unit with the output connected to a by-pass valve, also called “dump valve”, controlling the oil supply to the manoeuvring valve block of the crane, which control unit is arranged in such a way that the transgression of the nominal load capability of the crane in question will result in activation of the said "dump valve", so that all the functions of the crane are made inactive in a period of time calculated by the control unit, a so-called penalty period, whereafter the dump valve is deactivated.
- the load control system according to the invention does not give any immediate possibility for the crane operator to rectify a transgression of the nominal load of the crane since it is not possible to relieve the load as long as the functions of the control valve block of the crane are deactivated during the penalty period.
- control unit deactivates the dump valve and the crane becomes manoeuvrable again. If the load on the crane is reduced to a level below the nominal load nothing further will happen, i.e. the work may continue freely.
- control unit is arranged in such a way that it allow a further load on the crane to a calculated level (within the safety margin) in excess of the nominal load after the expiration of the penalty period.
- the dump valve is activated again by the control unit, this time in an perceptibly longer period of time than the first activation. After the expiration of this so-called penalty period the dump valve is deactivated again.
- control unit will continuously calculate a new, lower value for the maximum allowable load and penalty period in case of a transgression concurrently with the relieving of load until the nominal load is reached. However, if the operator of the crane tries to increase the load during the relieving the control unit will immediately release a new penalty period.
- the load control according to the invention may be programmed with several limits of load levels between the nominal load for the crane and an absolute acceptable maximum within the safety margin. Transgression of the individual load levels/limits will release an increasing penalty period concurrently with the magnitude and number of transgressions.
- the cabinet of the control unit may be provided with a percent graduated scale with light diodes that are switched on and off concurrently with a load increase and decrease, respectively.
- control unit may also be provided with an acoustic alarm emitting a periodic alarm signal at an existing load between 95% and 100%.
- a continuous signal is given. Therefore, the operator has to accept that his overloading of the crane is made widely known.
- control unit may be provided with a logging unit that is registering data in a ring buffer memory for all load transgressing actions with the crane, so that data concerning the latest load transgressing events afterwards may be read from the ring buffer memory on e.g. a hand terminal, and that is registering data concerning the largest registered overloads in another data memory, the latter also being readable on a hand terminal.
- a logging unit that is registering data in a ring buffer memory for all load transgressing actions with the crane, so that data concerning the latest load transgressing events afterwards may be read from the ring buffer memory on e.g. a hand terminal, and that is registering data concerning the largest registered overloads in another data memory, the latter also being readable on a hand terminal.
- the load control system described in the above being more simple in arrangement as compared to the known load control systems contains thus some increased degrees of freedom and important educational principles.
- the increased degrees of freedom consist in that the operator at the transgression of the nominal load up to an absolute allowable maximum limit within the safety margin and after the expiration of penalty period has the possibility of getting out of an "impossible" lifting situation by utilizing all of the manoeuvring functions of the crane, even with a short-term, smaller load increase allowed after the expiration of a penalty period.
- the educational element consist in that the operator of the crane will be inclined to learn a better perception of the load situations implying transgression of the nominal load of the crane, because the penalty period connected with a transgression of the nominal load will slow down the work procedures in connection with the use of the crane and thereby for the operator as well as for the person or persons cooperating in the work within the hazard area of the crane.
- a hydraulic crane 2 intended for mounting on a vehicle, for example a lorry.
- the crane comprise a basic frame 4 for mounting on the chassis of the lorry.
- the basic frame has also laterally extendable girders 5 at the ends of which vertically extendable legs 6 are provided.
- the column 10 of the crane is supported by the bearing 8.
- the bearing carries the support for the main cylinder 12 of the crane that is connected to the main arm 14 of the crane.
- the bending arm 16 of the crane is provided and in this a number oftelescopic arms 18.
- a pressure transducer 20 which by a wire connection 21 transmits an oil pressure signal to a control unit 22.
- the control unit 22 is provided with a not shown signal receiving block performing filtering, stabilization and compensation of the received oil pressure signal from the pressure transducer 20 before the signal is transmitted to the control unit for further processing.
- the control unit is connected to a by-pass valve 24, in the following called dump valve that is placed on the oil supply pipe for the manoeuvring valve block 25 of the crane, through a wire connection 23, so that the dump valve in its active position will cause that the oil in the supply pipe is returned directly to the hydraulic oil tank through a not shown by-pass pipe and around the manoeuvring valve block 25 whereby manoeuvring of the crane is not possible.
- a by-pass valve 24 in the following called dump valve that is placed on the oil supply pipe for the manoeuvring valve block 25 of the crane, through a wire connection 23, so that the dump valve in its active position will cause that the oil in the supply pipe is returned directly to the hydraulic oil tank through a not shown by-pass pipe and around the manoeuvring valve block 25 whereby manoeuvring of the crane is not possible.
- the inactive position of the dump valve the hydraulic oil is supplied to the valve of the manoeuvring valve block whereby it is possible to manoeuvre the crane
- the control unit 22 comprise a cabinet the front of which is furnished with a number of bulbs 28 placed in conjunction with a percentage scale, one bulb 30 placed by the word "run”, an acoustic signal emitter 32, and a stop switch 34.
- the shown scaling indicate the existing load on the crane proportional to the nominal load of the crane in the range between 80 and 100%. At a load below 80% of the nominal load only one bulb 30 opposite the word "run" is lit. At a load on the crane within the range 80-100% the bulbs are lit concurrently with the increased load so that the operator has a possibility of following the development of the existing load of the crane. At a load over 95% of the nominal load the control unit activates the acoustic signal emitter 32, which emits a periodic signal. At a load on the crane corresponding to 100% or more the control unit cause a continuous signal to be sounded from the emitter 32 during the said penalty period.
- Fig. 2 shows a coordinate system with abscissa indicating time and ordinate indicating the load of the crane proportional to the nominal load of the crane.
- control unit perform a gradual activation of the bulbs 28 opposite the percentage indications on the cabinet of the control unit.
- control unit activate the acoustic signal emitter 32 so that it gives a periodic signal which at 100% nominal load changes to a continuous signal in connection with the running of a penalty period.
- signal emitter changes to the periodic signal indicating that the crane functions are active again, but the existing load of the crane is more than 95% of the nominal load.
- the control unit 22 activates the dump valve 24 in the short period of time calculated by the control unit, a so-called penalty period A, cf. Fig. 2, wherein the functions of the crane are paralyzed. After that the load on the crane should be reduced below nominal load capability. The load on the crane may be increased at the expiration of the penalty period A in order to give the operator of the crane the possibility to get out of an adverse lifting situation which is possible up to 102% of nominal load in the given example. If the load is increased in excess of the level determined by the control unit, the control unit activates the dump valve in at penalty period B that is longer than the first period. During this penalty period the control unit calculates a new stop level, e.g. 102.5% of nominal load, and a new and longer penalty period C coming into use if the crane load is increased more than the new stop level.
- a new stop level e.g. 102.5% of nominal load
- the control unit 22 calculates the development in the length of the penalty period in relation to the current load of the crane and the current number of attempts of additional overloading.
- the control unit 22 further comprises an "override" button 36 which by the operator may be activated in case of an "impossible" lifting situation that has to be rectified immediately. By activating the "override” button it will be possible within the subsequent 5 seconds to perform a smaller load increasing operation with the crane within an interval determined by the load control system, the exceeding of which causes a penalty period of 30 seconds.
- the "override function" is usable up to the absolutely maximum allowable load level of the crane, whereafter the load control system totally deactivates all of the functions of the crane. In that situation there may possibly be a case of a final adjusting possibility, which however require the breaking of a seal or calling of a security inspector.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) of the kind including a boom (14) pivotable relative to a base about one end in a vertical plane by a hydraulic main lifting cylinder (12), at least one signal emitter in the form of a pressure transducer being associated with the main lifting cylinder (12) and connected to a control unit (22) such that any loading exceeding the nominal loading causes said control unit (22) to inhibit operating functions of the crane (2), characterised in that the operating functions inhibited by the control unit comprise substantially all operating functions of the crane, whereby the functions remain inhibited for a delay interval, hereinafter designated the "penalty period", the duration of the penalty period imposed at each succeeding occurrence of excess loading being determined by the control unit according to past loading conditions and whereby if the control units detects a loading level exceeding an absolute maximum limit of the crane, all further operation of the crane is disabled.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the control unit (22) at the loading of the crane (2) beyond its nominal load up to an acceptable absolute maximum within a safety margin after the expiration of the penalty period allows transgressions of the load causing the last penalty period in intervals in such a way that the transgression of the different levels will activate the functional limitation in a preferably perceptibly increasing penalty period concurrently with the magnitude and the number of the transgressions.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control unit (22) determines the intervals so that these become continuously smaller concurrently with the number of the load transgressions.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any of the claims 1-3, characterise d in that concurrently with the reducing of load on the crane down to the nominal load the control unit (22) continuously calculates a new lower value for the maximum allowable load together with a penalty period in case of a transgression thereof, which penalty period is released immediately at an attempt to increase the load.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any of the claims 1-4, characterise d in that it comprises an "override" function cancelling an imposed penalty period through e.g. 4-10 seconds, within which period a load increase is allowed within a limit determined by the load control system, the transgression of which limit causes an instant passivity of the crane during a separately determined period of e.g. 30 seconds.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to claim 2 and 5, characterised in that the "override" function is active in each of the load increasing intervals up to the absolute maximum allowable load for the crane.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any of the claims 1-4, characterise d in that the cabinet of the control unit is provided with a percent graduated scale with bulbs (28) that are switched on and off concurrently with a load increase or decrease, respectively, in an upper load range.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any of the claims 1-4, characterise d in that the control unit in addition comprises an acoustic alarm (32) which during an imposed penalty period at the transgression of the nominal load emit a "penalty signal" audible by the surroundings, and which preferably at an existing load on the crane between 95% and 100% of the nominal load emits an e.g. intermittent alarm signal.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any of the claims 1-6, characterise d in that the penalty period as a margin as well as a stop level at the loading of the crane in excess of the nominal load is returned to the initial value when the crane load is reduced to a level below the nominal load.
- A hydraulic boom crane (2) according to any preceding claim, characterise d in that the relevant sensor equipment of the crane only consist of a pressure transducer for sensing the pressure in the main cylinder of the crane, and that the control unit preferably is arranged to activate the dump valve of the crane.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK97901526T DK0879208T3 (en) | 1996-02-07 | 1997-02-07 | A hydraulic boom crane with load control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK12396 | 1996-02-07 | ||
DK12396 | 1996-02-07 | ||
PCT/DK1997/000054 WO1997029038A1 (en) | 1996-02-07 | 1997-02-07 | A load control system preferably for hydraulic cranes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0879208A1 EP0879208A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
EP0879208B1 true EP0879208B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
Family
ID=8090009
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97901526A Expired - Lifetime EP0879208B1 (en) | 1996-02-07 | 1997-02-07 | A hydraulic boom crane with load control system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0879208B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE263731T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1540897A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69728522T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2221949T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997029038A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7677401B2 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-03-16 | Manitowoc Crane Companies, Inc. | Load monitoring and control system with selective boom-up lockout |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4516116A (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1985-05-07 | Safety Devices (Engineering) Limited | Apparatus for visually displaying the load-moment, axle-load, or payload of a vehicle |
FR2677629B1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1998-02-20 | Senergy Sarl | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD FOR A LIFTING MACHINE AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. |
EP0708053A1 (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-04-24 | Hiab Export A/S | Overload protection system for hydraulic boom cranes, especially of the type used on motor vehicles |
-
1997
- 1997-02-07 WO PCT/DK1997/000054 patent/WO1997029038A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-07 EP EP97901526A patent/EP0879208B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-07 DE DE69728522T patent/DE69728522T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-07 ES ES97901526T patent/ES2221949T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-07 AT AT97901526T patent/ATE263731T1/en active
- 1997-02-07 AU AU15408/97A patent/AU1540897A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1540897A (en) | 1997-08-28 |
DE69728522D1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
ES2221949T3 (en) | 2005-01-16 |
DE69728522T2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
EP0879208A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
WO1997029038A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
ATE263731T1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
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